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2016年中考英语第二轮专项复习新突破
第四章 动词应用
模拟演练
一、
（1）
Katy loves tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aveling．So she decided to visit Asia before she goes to university four months ago．21世纪教育网版权所有
Now Katy __1___(stay) with a family in the capital of Nepal．teaches for four hours a day at small school．She __2___(learn) a lot about the country since she arrived in the country．Next month she will stop teaching and travel around Nepal with a friend．“After that” Katy says, “ We __3___ (visit) more countries in Asia．We’re not sure which one yet．”21cnjy.com
(2)
Mrs. Smith is wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king at her desk now .She ___1_(be)at the news centre for
16 years . Sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is so kind that yesterday afternoon when she __2___(pass) by a
clothes shop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) , she saw a lot of people crowding around outside the gate , and she
wanted to have a lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ok .There ,she found nothing but a girl who __3___badly ___3__(hurt) .She helped her to the hospital.21教育网
(3)
A man was sittin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g in the doctor’s office.He __1___ (tell) the doctor about his problem.“I like football,doctor.”he said.“Please help me.My wife often __2___(hear)my shouting in my dream ,and it is getting worse and worse.I can’t even get away from it in my sleep.As soon as I close my eyes,I’m out there on the football field and running after a flying ball.When I wake up.I’m more tired than I was when I went to bed.What am I going to do ”
The doctor sat back and said.“First of all,you have to do your best not to dream about football.When you close your eyes,__3___(try) to think about something else.Try to think that you are at the party and someone is going to give you several million dollars.”
“Are you crazy（疯狂） ”the man shouted at the doctor,“I__4___ (miss) my ball!”
（4）
Someone says,'Tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is money.'But I think time is even more important than money.Why Because when money __1___(spend）,we can get it back.However,when time is gone,it'll never return. That is why we mustn't waste time.
But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who __2___ (not know) the importance of time.They spend their time smoking, drinking and playing cards.They don't know that wasting time means that they __3___(waste) part of their own life.
In a word,we should save time.We __4___ (not leave) today's work for tomorrow. 21·cn·jy·com
（5）
In the United St ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ates,headmasters and teachers discipline(惩罚) students in several ways.The teacher often writes to or calls the students’ parents.If a student behaves very badly,the headmaster can stop the student from having classes. When this __1___(happen), the student maybe very happy. Mr. Lazarus,the headmaster of a middle school in Ohio,did not like to do so.2·1·c·n·j·y
One day, a boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was in Mr. Lazarus’ office. The boy didn’t behave well in class. Mr. Lazarus __2___(telephone) the boy’s parents. “If you come to school with your son, I ___3__(not stop) him having classes, ” he said. The boy’s father came to school and went with his son to every class. Other students looked at the boy and his father. The boy was embarrassed. After that he behaved better. And, of course, other students behaved better, too.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Now headmasters ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) all over the USA __4__(try) Mr. Lazarus’ idea. They think that students behave better when parents come to school.www-2-1-cnjy-com
(6)
When my husb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and was going into the dining room this morning, he __1___(drop) some coins on the floor. There were coins everywhere. we looked for them, but we __2___(not find) them all. While we __3___ (have) breakfast, our little boy , Tommy, found tow small coins on the floor He put them into his mouth. We both shouted,”Tommy, __4___(not eat)the coins.”But it was too late.21·世纪*教育网
Later that morn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing, when l was doing the housework, my husband phoned me from the office. ‘How’s Tommy ’ he asked. ‘I don’t know,’ I answered, ‘Tommy’__5___(be) to the toilet three times this morning, but I haven’t had any coins’2-1-c-n-j-y
二、
(1)
It was Jack's eigh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teenth birthday yesterday. Mr Smith 1 (take) him to his usual bar for the first time. They drank for half an hour, and then Mr Smith said to his son, “Now, Jack, listen to me. You must always be careful _2___(not drink) too much.” “But how can I know I have had enough ” “Well, I will tell you. Do you see those two lights at the corner of the bar When you see four there, you__3__(have)enough and should go home.” 21*cnjy*com
“But, Dad,” said Jack, “I can only see one light there.”【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
(2)
I had a ve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry unusual experience last Sunday. I went outside with my friend Bill. who lived close to me. We __1__(walk) to a hill when I saw a large bright light dancing in the sky. I called Jim and __2___(ask) him to look up. He kept asking , “What is that ” “A UFO!” I shouted excitedly. I noticed it was round and red in the center.We wanted __3___(know) if there was an alien in it. But soon it disappeared. I guessed we scared it off.【版权所有：21教育】
(3)
The most import ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ant is water. Not many people understand this, but it is quite true. People __1___(live) for seven days or more without food , but they __2___(die) in two or three days without water. 21教育名师原创作品
In hot weather, man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y people do not drink enough water, because they don't know how much water they need. After taking exercises, they need more water. The water in the man's body is much more than other matters(物质). We'd better __3__(have)
enough water, or we may get ill.
Water is necessa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry to all the living things. There __4___(be) no life if there is no water.www.21-cn-jy.com
(4)
Mike has a pet dog ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). He often __1__(play) with it after work. He gives it nice food to eat, and every morning he gets up early ___2____(get) it for a walk.
One day, Mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke ___3____(invite) to dinner by one of his friends. Mike brought his dog with him. While they were eating, Mike threw some fish, chicken and cakes down to the dog.【出处：21教育名师】
"You love your dog very much, don't you " his friend asked.
"Yes, I ___4____(keep) the dog for almost ten years. It is very clever. If you give it some money, it ____5___(buy) the newspaper for you in a few minutes." Mike said.
(5)
It is said that w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alking under a ladder means bad luck, and it's the same with black cats. People say if a black cat __1___ (cross) before you, it will bring you bad luck, too. But I didn't think so until I heard my student Sam's story this afternoon. Ever since then, I___2___ (begin) thinking about whether it is true. This afternoon, Sam walked down the street thinking about when___3___ (hold) a party for his girlfriend,so he didn't notice where he was going. When he___4___ (walk) right under a ladder standing against a building, a black cat ran out of a door, which surprised him and made him__5____ (fall) over. His head hit the ladder. The man who was cleaning the window at the top of the ladder fell down, and the dirty water went down through the air. Poor Sam! He got wet all over.
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第四章 动词应用
《课程标准》动词项目具体包括以下内容：
动词 动词的基本形式
系动词
及物动词和不及物动词
助动词
情态动词
时态 现在进行时 一般将来时
一般现在时 过去进行时
一般过去时 现在完成时
被动语态 一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
非谓语动词 动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语
一、在一篇中考查动词的用法，与篇为两片，共设7个孔，计七分。学生需通读全文，了解为宜，把握文章的整体时态，然后在细节提示和上下文的语境中，体会动词的用法。
二、不同于在单据中作动词应用题，有些题目的设置可能没有明显的时间状语或关键词来帮助你确定时态和语态，这就需要学生具有良好的语感和对语言的灵活运用能力。
三、本题的两个语篇有的选自教材，或稍作改动，篇幅不会过长，不会给学生造成阅读障碍。虽然动词种类繁多，用法多样，但本题实际考查范围并不太广，学生只需围绕课标要求，掌握6种时态，3种时态的被动语态，和部分动词不定式的用法即可。
四、从近几年的阅读情况来看，本题得分率不高。原因在于学生对于动词形式的表意功能敏感度不高，不能准确理解动词的时态、语态这种仅仅通过形式变化传递出的无言信息。
在初中英语学业水平测试中动词应用的两篇小短文主要考查动词的6种时态，3种时态的被动语态和动词不定式（且限制在作宾语，宾语补足语，和目的状语3种情况）。题目要求中有“必要时可加助动词或情态动词”旨在检测学生对动词时态、语态的构成形式，和作者微妙的情感态度的掌握情况。
解题步骤
通读全文
通
划
定
查
划出关键词
确定形式
回顾检查
动词运用主要测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。它不仅仅考查谓语动词的正确时态，还包括动词不定式的用法，主动语态和被动语态及主谓一致的知识。
一、深刻理解句子，正确判断所填的时态和语态
（一）从时间状语或上下文判断时态
时态是英语语法学习的重点，也是动词应用考查的重点。汉语中没有时态概念，因此，时态也是英语学习过程中的难点。根据初中所学，我们可以从以下几个方面来判断时态：
1. 从句子本身的时间状语来确定时态，时态与时间状语一般遵循以下几条规则：
（1）一般现在时常用的时间状语有：sometimes, often, always, usually, every Tuesday, in the morning等。如：
My reads English every morning.
They sometimes watch tv at night.
(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用:
last year, yesterday, last Monday, just now等。如：
We saw an exciting football match yesterday evening.
What did Mary do last Sunday afternoon
(3)一般将来时常有表示将来含义的时间状语：
tomorrow, next week, this evening等。如：
We're going to see the old man tomorrow afternoon.
There will be a sports meeting next Saturday.
(4)现在进行时常与now连或用look, listen, it's 7 o'clock等创设现在进行时的语言环境.如：
Look! The girl is flying a kite.
Don't make a noise. The baby is sleeping .
(5)过去进行时常与表示”具体的过去时间”连用.如at eight last night, at that time, this time yesterday等，如：
What were you doing when your mother came home？
I was watching TV at eight yesterday evening.
(6)现在完成时常用的时间状语有aleady, just, never, ever, before以及since, for引导的时间状语.如：
Have you ever been abroad？
Jim has lived in China for about two years.
(7)过去完成时常与表示”与过去的时间比较已经完成“，含有“过去的过去”之意的时间连用.如by the end of last year, by 1990,when he got there等。
They had eating their dinner by 7：00 yesterday.
(8)过去将来时常出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句里，且常与表示”过去的将来”的时间状语连用.如the next week/month等。如：
She said she would appear on CCTV the next month.
2.根据上下文联系和时态呼应来判断时态。
有些句子没有明显的时间状语这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系，确定正确的时态。如：
--- Who are you looking for？
--- I am looking for Xiao Wang.
3.复合句中时态的判别。
（1）可根据从句的时态判断主句的时态。如：
He had been to many places since he came to china .
（2）也可根据主句的时态决定从句的时态。如宾语从句中若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的一般要用过去的某种时态。如：
Bill asked if they could come.
（3）状语从句中的时态：状语从句中的时态比较复杂，应注意以下几点：
主从句的时态一致性；
主句是祈使句或一般将来时，条件从句和时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如：
(1)If it rains, we won't go to the zoo tomorrow.
(2)Tom is going to be a teacher when he grows up .
当过去某一动作发生时，另一动作正在进行，从句用一般过去式，主句用过去进行时。如：
When the teacher came in, the students were doing their homework .
I was playing football with my friend came to see me.
4.根据语言习惯来确定时态
如：表示客观真理的句子常用一般现在时。如：
He said the earth goes round the sun.
The teacher said the sun rises in the east.
（二）、从主语与动词的关系判断语态
当句子主语是动作的承受者，含有被动之意时，要用被动语态。被动语态的谓语由，做动词be，加及物动词的过去分词构成。第一要随着时态和主语的人称和数变化而变化。如：
English is spoken in many countries.
The students were told to clean the classroom.
中考所涉及的被动语态只有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态。
（2015济宁B）
For the last hundred years, people of two villages in Sumatra have used a 30-metre-long bridge. It 4 (make) of the roots (树根) of two trees on each side of the river.
Pakih Sohan, a teacher, began to build the bridge in 1890. Because of the river, many children 5 (not, go) to school. It took Pakih Sohan more than 26 years to make the strong bridge. The bridge 6 (become) stronger and stronger because the roots grow all the time.
On rainy days people should cross the bridge carefully. When it 7 (rain), the bridge will become wet and slippery (滑的). More and more people travel there just to take some photos and try crossing it.
〖答案〗
4. is made 5. couldn't 6. is becoming 7. rains
〖解析〗
4.首先，我们应根据第一句话可推断出it指提到的30米长的桥。并根据语句中的“have used”判断这座桥现在仍然存在，并且树根每天都在生长,所以应该使用一般现在时态的被动语态。
5.根据文意“由于这条河，孩子无法或不能去上学”按需要添加情态动词，因为描述的是过去的状况，故选用情态动could。
〖解析〗
6.由翻译“由于树根一直在生长，所以这座桥正变得越来越强壮”。另外常见到“Our country is becoming stronger and stronger ”这样一些习惯表达。因而我们使用“is becoming”。
7.这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，这类从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，故答案为“rains”。
二、识记、熟练掌握固定句型，确定非谓语动词的用法。
非谓语动词是动词的一种特殊形式。顾名思义，他不能做句子的谓语。动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种它是由“to+动词原形”构成.动词不定式还保留着动词的一些特征可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语.
动词不定式在句中起名词、形容词，和副词的作用，可以作句子的主语、，表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等成分。
（一）、分析句子结构，确定所给动词是充当谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
1.作宾语
常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, ask, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, plan, promise, refuse, wish等。如：
I want to read this book.
2.作宾语补足语
常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：allow, ask, tel, encourage, invite, teach, want等。
She asked me to speak louder.
3.作目的状语
He stopped for a minute to have a rest.
(二)、快速识别一些固定搭配的使用
1.在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel等后，要把不定式中的to省掉。
His mother made him stay at home yesterday.
2. 以上动词后用动词原形作宾语补足语，可概括为：
一感（feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(make, let, have)，四看(look at, wee, watch, notice)。
但这些词用于被动语态时，动词原形前要加to。
He was heard to sing in the classroom.
3.动词不定式的特殊句型：
（1）too...to 太......而不能......
The boy is too young to look after himself.
(2)enough to... ......足够......
He is old enough to go to school.
(3)Why not+不带to 的不定式？
= Why don't you +不带to 的不定式？
Why don't you get her a photo allbum
= Why not get her a photo allbum
(4)had better+(not) +不带to 的不定式。
You'd better not stay here today.
(5)Will/ Could you please +不带to 的不定式
Will/ Could you please close the door
(6) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thoughts behind it rather than receive a lot of money.
(7)动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语或宾语。
I haven't dicided when to leave for Beijing.
（2015济宁A）
In recent years, more and more children in the US are interested in learning Chinese and learning about China.
Seven-year-old Anna 1 (study) Chinese for two years in the Confucius(孔子) Classroom in Washington Yuying Public Charter School.
During class, Anna and the other children are interested in introducing themselves and teaching visitors how 2 (say) “hello”, “thank you” and “goodbye” in Chinese.
“When she grows up, she’ll be able to communicate with Chinese. I hope she learns Chinese as early as possible,” says Anna’s mother.
“I 3 (spend) more on this so that she can get a lifelong skill.”
〖答案〗1. has studied/ has been studying
2. to say 3. will spend
〖解析〗：1.根据时间状语for two years 可知是现在完成时或现在完成进行时,故填写has studied/has been studying。
2. how to say是用how+动词不定式充当teach的宾语补足语。
3.根据句意和上下文语境判断，应为“为了她获取这项终身技能，我将花费更多时间”所以应用一般将来时,故填写will spend。登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
2016年中考英语第二轮专项复习新突破
第四章 动词应用
模拟演练答案
1、（1）1. stays 2.has learned 3. will visit
（2）1. has been 2. was passing 3. was, hurt
（3）1. was telling 2. hears 3. try 4. will miss
（4）1. is spent 2. don’t know 3. are washing 4. shouldn’t leave21世纪教育网版权所有
(5) 1. happens 2. telephoned 3. won’t stop 4. are trying21教育网
（6）1. dropped 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) couldn’t find 3. were having 4. don’t eat 5. has been
2、（1）1. took 2. not to drink 3. have had
（2）1. were walking 2. asked 3. to know
（3）1. can live 2. will die 3. have 4. will be
（4）1. plays 2. to take 3. was invited 4. have kept 5. will buy 21cnjy.com
（5）1. crosses 2. have begun 3. to hold 4. was walking 5. fall21·cn·jy·com
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