（译林牛津版）高中英语必修五课件：Unit1 Getting along with othersGrammar and usage
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课件66张PPT。GRAMMAR AND USAGE ★ To infinitive
★ Bare infinitive
★ Verb-ing form as a nounUnit 1 Getting along with othersObjectivesTo recognize the basic forms of “to infinitive” and “bare infinitive”
To learn how to use “to infinitive” and “bare infinitive” in different situations
To learn how to use the “verb-ing” form as a noun in various situationsObserve the sentences you have learned.
1. It’s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! (Unit 3, Book 3)
2. I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms. (Unit 3, Book 1)
3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him to do what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. (Unit 2, Book 1)Have A L k4. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. (Unit 1, Book 1)
5. Our main aim is to discourage young people from smoking. (Unit 1, Book 4)
6. They can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near. (Unit 2, Book 2)7. He and my mother always make me do things I don’t like. (Unit 2, Book 1)
8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me look slimmer. (Unit 3, Book 1)
9. Eating more fruit makes me feel better. (Unit 3, Book 1)
10. Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. (Unit 3, Book 1)Observe the sentences from this unit.
1. To find a best friend is difficult.
2. I need to sleep for eight hours every night.
3. I asked him to come over.
4. I have a very important meeting to attend.
5. His aim was to cheer me up.
6. You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.7. I let her borrow my book.
8. She made me promise to write every day.
9. I saw her talk to her new friends.
10. The teacher often has students read aloud in class. Guessing Gameto test your sense of observation
to test your ability of short-term memory
to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessFill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. It’s hard _________ (imagine) how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!
2. I hope _____ (lose) at least 10 kilograms.
3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him ____ (do) what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. to imagineto loseto dogo
Ready?4. He also told us that the best way ______ (earn) respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.
5. Our main aim is ___________ (discourage) young people from smoking.
6. They can use the guns ______ (scare) the animals away if they come too near. to earnto discourageto scare7. He and my mother always make me __ (do) things I don’t like.
8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me ____ (look) slimmer.
9. Eating more fruit makes me ___ (feel) better.
10. Exercise is something that can help to make you ____ (look) good, ____ (feel) good and __ (be) healthy. dolookfeellookfeelbeSentences from this unit.
1. ______ (find) a best friend is difficult.
2. I need ______ (sleep) for eight hours every night.
3. I asked him _______ (come) over.
4. I have a very important meeting ________ (attend).
5. His aim was _______ (cheer) me up.
6. You need to apologize quickly ______ (avoid) losing a good friend.To findto sleepto cometo attendto cheerto avoid7. I let her _______ (borrow) my book.
8. She made me _______ (promise) to write every day.
9. I saw her ____ (talk) to her new friends.
10. The teacher often has students _____ (read) aloud in class. borrowpromisetalkreadI went to see him, ________ him out.
A. finding B. find
C. only to find D. foundCharles Babbage is generally considered
_________ the first computer.
to invent B. to have invented
C. inventing D. having inventedPaul doesn't have to be made _______ . He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn
C. learned D. learningJane was made ________ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing
C. wash D. to be washing不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式，通常由“to + 动词原形” 构成，其否定形式为“not to + 动词原形” ，在句中可以做主语、宾语、宾语(主语)补足语、定语、表语或状语等。1. ‘to infinitive’ used as the subject
不定式(短语)作主语
eg. To obey law is everyone's duty.
遵纪守法是每个人的职责。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
To talk with your mouth full is rude.
满嘴食物讲话是不礼貌的。Notes It is impossible to finish the work in
such a short time.
在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不
可能的。
It is useful for you to learn some
spoken English.
学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。 2. ‘to infinitive’ used as the object
不定式(短语)作宾语
eg. He managed to solve the problem
by himself.
他自己设法解决了问题。
I like to read newspaper articles
about sports.
我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。
Amy wants to know more about the
film.
安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情
况。want, hope, wish, like, begin,
start, agree, learn, mean, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide,
determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, continue, ask,
promise, expect, choose, preferThe following words are usually followed by ‘to infinitive’ as the object:3. ‘to infinitive’ used as the object
complement
不定式(短语)作宾语补足语
eg. I'd like you to keep everything tidy.
我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。
The teacher asked us to finish the work
today.
老师要我们今天完成工作。
Tell Jack to close the window, please.
请让杰克关上窗户。动词make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice 和observe后的宾语补足语，要省去"to"。
eg. They saw the boy fall suddenly
from the tree.
他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。
The boss made the workers work
14 hours a day.
老板让工人们每天工作14小时。4. “to infinitive” used as the attributive
不定式(短语)作定语
eg. I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。
I have no one to talk to.
我没有一个可以交谈的人。
He is looking for a house to live in.
他正在找房子住。5. ‘to infinitive’ used as the predicative
不定式(短语)作表语
eg. My wish is to be a doctor.
我的愿望是成为一名医生。
Our plan is to finish the work in two
weeks.
我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。
What I need most now is to have a
good rest.
我现在最需要的是好好休息。 6. ‘to infinitive’ used as the adverbial of a
sentence to show reason, purpose or result
不定式(短语)作句子状语
eg. He came here to attend an important
meeting. (purpose)
他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的）
Sam was very surprised to hear the news.
(reason)
萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因）
He went home to find his old friend
George waiting for him. (result)
他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。(结果）When we use “to infinitive” as the result adverbial, it means the result is unexpected or surprising.
eg. He hurried to the rail station,
only to find the train had left.7. the continuous and perfect forms of ‘to
infinitive’
不定式的进行式和完成式
eg. She seemed to have heard of it already.
她似乎已经听说过这件事了。
When the teacher came in, the students
pretended to be reading loudly.
当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声
读书。Bare infinitive (省略to的不定式)Read the points on Page 8.
省略to的不定式用于：
1) after let, make, have
2) after verbs of perception: feel,
hear, see, watch
3) after would rather, had better,
why not当"make/let/have + sb. + do (sth.)" 变成被动语态时，应加上"to"。
eg. The workers were made to work
14 hours a day by the boss.
工人们被迫每天工作14个小时。NotesVerbs of perception can also be used with doing (sth.) but with different meanings.
I saw her talk to her new friends.
我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。
(我目睹了整个谈话过程。)NotesI saw her talking to her new friends.
我看到她正在和她的新朋友谈话。
(当我看到的时候，她正在谈话。但我
可能没看到整个过程。)We use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than, or rather than.
eg. I forgot to turn off the lights and close
the door when I left.
我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。
We decided to stay at home rather
than go to the cinema.
我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。 NotesObserve the sentences you have learned.
1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (Unit 1, Book 1)
2. I regret taking those weight-loss pills. (Unit 3, Book 1)Have A L k3. Why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me? (Unit 2, Book 1)
4. Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. (Unit 2, Book 3)
5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR. (Unit 3, Book 4)Observe the sentences from this unit.
1. Swimming is good for your health.
2. I love swimming in the sea during the summer.
3. I keep fit by swimming every day.Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. _____ (go) to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.
2. I regret _____ (take) those weight-loss pills.
3. Why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of _______ (shout) at me? Goingtakingshoutinggo
Ready?4. Usually, when we talk about ______ (read), we think of ______ (use) our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper.
5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of ______ (talk) and _______ (play) with his schoolmates was treated with VR. readingusingtalkingplayingSentences from this unit.
1. __________ (swim) is good for your health.
2. I love __________ (swim) in the sea during the summer.
3. I keep fit by __________ (swim) every day.Swimmingswimmingswimming1. Go on ______ the other exercise after
you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing
C. with D. to be doing
2. She didn't remember ________ him
before.
A. having met B. have met
C. to meet D. to having met3. I can hardly imagine Peter____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail B. to sail
C. sailing D. to have sailed
4. --- You were brave enough to raise
objections at the meeting.
--- Well, now I regret _____ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having doneVerb-ing form as a noun Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentence
eg. Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time
job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
It is no use arguing with him.
与他争辩没用。
Her swimming has improved since she
started training every day. 自从她开始
训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。
Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentence
eg. I like swimming.
我喜欢游泳。
He has finished writing the composition.
他已经写好了作文。
He loves playing football.
他喜欢踢足球。admit, dislike, imagine,
delay, consider, mind, suggest, avoid, enjoy,
practise, finish, miss,
keep, understand…We use a verb-ing form after these
verbs: The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form: would you mind,
look forward to,
can't stand,
put off,
give up,
stick to,
be worth, can't help,
feel like,
It's no use / good...,
keep on,
devote to,
be busy,
get down to… Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing form or ‘to infinitive’, but with some differences in meanings or usage. regret to do: 抱歉要做某事
regret doing: 后悔做了某事
eg. I regret to tell you that you
are fired.
我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。
I regret telling him the truth.
我后悔告诉他真相。forget to do: 忘记去做某事
forget doing: 忘记做了某事
eg. He forgot to close the door when he left.
他离开时忘了关门了。
I will never forget winning my first gold medal.
我永远忘不了我获得第一枚金牌的情景。 remember to do: 记得要做某事
remember doing: 记得曾经做过的事
eg. Remember to post the letter for
me on your way to work, OK?
在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，
好吗？
I remember seeing this man
somewhere.
我记得在哪儿见过这个人。 mean to do: 打算做某事
mean doing: 意味着做某事
eg. I mean to come earlier today.
我今天打算早点来。
Missing this train means waiting
for another hour.
错过这列火车意味着又要等一个
小时。 try to do: 努力做某事
try doing: 尝试做某事
eg. She tried to finish the work as
quickly as she could.
她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。
I tried doing the exercise in a
different way.
我尝试用另一种方法解题。 stop to do: 停下来做某事
stop doing: 停止做某事
eg. The workers stopped to have
a rest.
工人们停下来休息。
The workers stopped working
and took a rest.
工人们停止了手中的活，休息一
下。
go on to do: 继续做另一件事
go on doing: 继续做同一件事
eg. After doing the cooking, mother
went on to do some washing.
饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。
The workers went on working after
a short rest.
短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活
了。Time for reflection‘To infinitive’ can be used as what? How
about ‘verb-ing’?
2.Speak out at least five verbs respectively that can be used after ‘to infinitive’ or ‘verb-ing’.
3.Which verbs can be used as bare infinitive (省略to的不定式)?请点击Quiz I: Multiple choice. 1. Volunteering gives you a chance _____ lives, including your own. (2013北京)
A. change B. changing
C. changed D. to change
2. ______ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. (2013湖南)
A. Staying B. Stayed
C. To stay D. Stay3. I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. (2013山东)
A. take B. taking
C. to take D. taken
4. Let those in need ____ that we will go all out to help them. (2013陕西)
A. to understand
B. understand
C. understanding
D. understood5. ____ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. (2014湖南)
A. Understanding
B. To be understood
C. Being understood
D. Having understood6. _____ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014湖南)
A. Having freed B. Freed
C. To free D. Freeing
7. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _____ a security officer. (2014山东)
A. employed B. being employed
C. to employ D. employs 8. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ______ for a swim? (2014陕西)
A. to go B. going
C. go D. having gone
9. _____ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. (2014陕西)
A. Working out B. Worked out
C. To work out D. Work out10. — I hope to take the computer course.
— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website. (2014四川)
A. To find out B. Finding out
C. To be finding out
D. Having found out
11. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _____ it didn’t fit. (2014天津)
A. to find B. found
C. finding D. having found12. Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit. (2014重庆)
A. helping B. having helped
C. helped D. to help
1. 要学好一门外语是不容易的。
It's not easy to learn a foreign language well.
2. 我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。
It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.
3. 女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要告诉你们。
Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you. Quiz II: Translation.
4. 母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒 儿子。
Mother came in quietly so as not to wake the sleeping boy.
5. 我叫小李给你修收音机。
I'll have Xiao Li repair the radio for you.
6. 我那样说并没想着会伤害到你。
I didn’t mean to hurt you by saying that.7. 我明天让你用我的电脑。
I will let you use my computer tomorrow.
8. 老板让员工一天工作将近十小时。
The boss made the employees work nearly ten hours a day.
9. 那天早上，大卫很幸运的赶上了第一班公车。
David was lucky to catch the first bus that morning.
10. 你介意给我递一下醋吗？
Would you mind passing me the vinegar?Mrs. Wilson, the wife of a rich man, 1_______ some of her friends to lunch. She was trying a new way to cook fish and she was very pleased with 2______ when the fish was ready. As the fish was very hot, she put it near the open window to 3_____ for a few minutes. Five minutes later, when she came back for it, she was 4_________ to find the neighbor’s cat at the fish. Quiz III: Fill in the blanks according to the text or the given words.invited herself cool surprised She was in time to stop the cat 5______ it was too late. That afternoon everyone enjoyed the fish. They talked and laughed 6_____ four o’clock.
After the guests left, Mrs. Wilson felt tired 7____ happy. She was sitting down in a chair near the window when she saw the neighbor’s cat dead in her garden. She was sure the fish was bad. What 8______ happen to her friends? before until but would She at once telephoned the family doctor for help. The doctor asked each guest 9_______ (meet) him. Once again Mrs. Wilson was alone in her chair still tired but not longer happy. Just then the telephone rang. 10__ was her neighbor, “Oh, Mrs. Wilson,” he cried.” My cat is dead. She was killed by someone in a car and put in your garden….”to meet It
★ Bare infinitive
★ Verb-ing form as a nounUnit 1 Getting along with othersObjectivesTo recognize the basic forms of “to infinitive” and “bare infinitive”
To learn how to use “to infinitive” and “bare infinitive” in different situations
To learn how to use the “verb-ing” form as a noun in various situationsObserve the sentences you have learned.
1. It’s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! (Unit 3, Book 3)
2. I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms. (Unit 3, Book 1)
3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him to do what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. (Unit 2, Book 1)Have A L k4. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. (Unit 1, Book 1)
5. Our main aim is to discourage young people from smoking. (Unit 1, Book 4)
6. They can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near. (Unit 2, Book 2)7. He and my mother always make me do things I don’t like. (Unit 2, Book 1)
8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me look slimmer. (Unit 3, Book 1)
9. Eating more fruit makes me feel better. (Unit 3, Book 1)
10. Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. (Unit 3, Book 1)Observe the sentences from this unit.
1. To find a best friend is difficult.
2. I need to sleep for eight hours every night.
3. I asked him to come over.
4. I have a very important meeting to attend.
5. His aim was to cheer me up.
6. You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.7. I let her borrow my book.
8. She made me promise to write every day.
9. I saw her talk to her new friends.
10. The teacher often has students read aloud in class. Guessing Gameto test your sense of observation
to test your ability of short-term memory
to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessFill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. It’s hard _________ (imagine) how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!
2. I hope _____ (lose) at least 10 kilograms.
3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him ____ (do) what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. to imagineto loseto dogo
Ready?4. He also told us that the best way ______ (earn) respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.
5. Our main aim is ___________ (discourage) young people from smoking.
6. They can use the guns ______ (scare) the animals away if they come too near. to earnto discourageto scare7. He and my mother always make me __ (do) things I don’t like.
8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me ____ (look) slimmer.
9. Eating more fruit makes me ___ (feel) better.
10. Exercise is something that can help to make you ____ (look) good, ____ (feel) good and __ (be) healthy. dolookfeellookfeelbeSentences from this unit.
1. ______ (find) a best friend is difficult.
2. I need ______ (sleep) for eight hours every night.
3. I asked him _______ (come) over.
4. I have a very important meeting ________ (attend).
5. His aim was _______ (cheer) me up.
6. You need to apologize quickly ______ (avoid) losing a good friend.To findto sleepto cometo attendto cheerto avoid7. I let her _______ (borrow) my book.
8. She made me _______ (promise) to write every day.
9. I saw her ____ (talk) to her new friends.
10. The teacher often has students _____ (read) aloud in class. borrowpromisetalkreadI went to see him, ________ him out.
A. finding B. find
C. only to find D. foundCharles Babbage is generally considered
_________ the first computer.
to invent B. to have invented
C. inventing D. having inventedPaul doesn't have to be made _______ . He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn
C. learned D. learningJane was made ________ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing
C. wash D. to be washing不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式，通常由“to + 动词原形” 构成，其否定形式为“not to + 动词原形” ，在句中可以做主语、宾语、宾语(主语)补足语、定语、表语或状语等。1. ‘to infinitive’ used as the subject
不定式(短语)作主语
eg. To obey law is everyone's duty.
遵纪守法是每个人的职责。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
To talk with your mouth full is rude.
满嘴食物讲话是不礼貌的。Notes It is impossible to finish the work in
such a short time.
在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不
可能的。
It is useful for you to learn some
spoken English.
学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。 2. ‘to infinitive’ used as the object
不定式(短语)作宾语
eg. He managed to solve the problem
by himself.
他自己设法解决了问题。
I like to read newspaper articles
about sports.
我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。
Amy wants to know more about the
film.
安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情
况。want, hope, wish, like, begin,
start, agree, learn, mean, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide,
determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, continue, ask,
promise, expect, choose, preferThe following words are usually followed by ‘to infinitive’ as the object:3. ‘to infinitive’ used as the object
complement
不定式(短语)作宾语补足语
eg. I'd like you to keep everything tidy.
我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。
The teacher asked us to finish the work
today.
老师要我们今天完成工作。
Tell Jack to close the window, please.
请让杰克关上窗户。动词make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice 和observe后的宾语补足语，要省去"to"。
eg. They saw the boy fall suddenly
from the tree.
他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。
The boss made the workers work
14 hours a day.
老板让工人们每天工作14小时。4. “to infinitive” used as the attributive
不定式(短语)作定语
eg. I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。
I have no one to talk to.
我没有一个可以交谈的人。
He is looking for a house to live in.
他正在找房子住。5. ‘to infinitive’ used as the predicative
不定式(短语)作表语
eg. My wish is to be a doctor.
我的愿望是成为一名医生。
Our plan is to finish the work in two
weeks.
我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。
What I need most now is to have a
good rest.
我现在最需要的是好好休息。 6. ‘to infinitive’ used as the adverbial of a
sentence to show reason, purpose or result
不定式(短语)作句子状语
eg. He came here to attend an important
meeting. (purpose)
他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的）
Sam was very surprised to hear the news.
(reason)
萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因）
He went home to find his old friend
George waiting for him. (result)
他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。(结果）When we use “to infinitive” as the result adverbial, it means the result is unexpected or surprising.
eg. He hurried to the rail station,
only to find the train had left.7. the continuous and perfect forms of ‘to
infinitive’
不定式的进行式和完成式
eg. She seemed to have heard of it already.
她似乎已经听说过这件事了。
When the teacher came in, the students
pretended to be reading loudly.
当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声
读书。Bare infinitive (省略to的不定式)Read the points on Page 8.
省略to的不定式用于：
1) after let, make, have
2) after verbs of perception: feel,
hear, see, watch
3) after would rather, had better,
why not当"make/let/have + sb. + do (sth.)" 变成被动语态时，应加上"to"。
eg. The workers were made to work
14 hours a day by the boss.
工人们被迫每天工作14个小时。NotesVerbs of perception can also be used with doing (sth.) but with different meanings.
I saw her talk to her new friends.
我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。
(我目睹了整个谈话过程。)NotesI saw her talking to her new friends.
我看到她正在和她的新朋友谈话。
(当我看到的时候，她正在谈话。但我
可能没看到整个过程。)We use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than, or rather than.
eg. I forgot to turn off the lights and close
the door when I left.
我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。
We decided to stay at home rather
than go to the cinema.
我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。 NotesObserve the sentences you have learned.
1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (Unit 1, Book 1)
2. I regret taking those weight-loss pills. (Unit 3, Book 1)Have A L k3. Why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me? (Unit 2, Book 1)
4. Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. (Unit 2, Book 3)
5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR. (Unit 3, Book 4)Observe the sentences from this unit.
1. Swimming is good for your health.
2. I love swimming in the sea during the summer.
3. I keep fit by swimming every day.Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. _____ (go) to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.
2. I regret _____ (take) those weight-loss pills.
3. Why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of _______ (shout) at me? Goingtakingshoutinggo
Ready?4. Usually, when we talk about ______ (read), we think of ______ (use) our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper.
5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of ______ (talk) and _______ (play) with his schoolmates was treated with VR. readingusingtalkingplayingSentences from this unit.
1. __________ (swim) is good for your health.
2. I love __________ (swim) in the sea during the summer.
3. I keep fit by __________ (swim) every day.Swimmingswimmingswimming1. Go on ______ the other exercise after
you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing
C. with D. to be doing
2. She didn't remember ________ him
before.
A. having met B. have met
C. to meet D. to having met3. I can hardly imagine Peter____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail B. to sail
C. sailing D. to have sailed
4. --- You were brave enough to raise
objections at the meeting.
--- Well, now I regret _____ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having doneVerb-ing form as a noun Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentence
eg. Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time
job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
It is no use arguing with him.
与他争辩没用。
Her swimming has improved since she
started training every day. 自从她开始
训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。
Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentence
eg. I like swimming.
我喜欢游泳。
He has finished writing the composition.
他已经写好了作文。
He loves playing football.
他喜欢踢足球。admit, dislike, imagine,
delay, consider, mind, suggest, avoid, enjoy,
practise, finish, miss,
keep, understand…We use a verb-ing form after these
verbs: The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form: would you mind,
look forward to,
can't stand,
put off,
give up,
stick to,
be worth, can't help,
feel like,
It's no use / good...,
keep on,
devote to,
be busy,
get down to… Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing form or ‘to infinitive’, but with some differences in meanings or usage. regret to do: 抱歉要做某事
regret doing: 后悔做了某事
eg. I regret to tell you that you
are fired.
我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。
I regret telling him the truth.
我后悔告诉他真相。forget to do: 忘记去做某事
forget doing: 忘记做了某事
eg. He forgot to close the door when he left.
他离开时忘了关门了。
I will never forget winning my first gold medal.
我永远忘不了我获得第一枚金牌的情景。 remember to do: 记得要做某事
remember doing: 记得曾经做过的事
eg. Remember to post the letter for
me on your way to work, OK?
在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，
好吗？
I remember seeing this man
somewhere.
我记得在哪儿见过这个人。 mean to do: 打算做某事
mean doing: 意味着做某事
eg. I mean to come earlier today.
我今天打算早点来。
Missing this train means waiting
for another hour.
错过这列火车意味着又要等一个
小时。 try to do: 努力做某事
try doing: 尝试做某事
eg. She tried to finish the work as
quickly as she could.
她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。
I tried doing the exercise in a
different way.
我尝试用另一种方法解题。 stop to do: 停下来做某事
stop doing: 停止做某事
eg. The workers stopped to have
a rest.
工人们停下来休息。
The workers stopped working
and took a rest.
工人们停止了手中的活，休息一
下。
go on to do: 继续做另一件事
go on doing: 继续做同一件事
eg. After doing the cooking, mother
went on to do some washing.
饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。
The workers went on working after
a short rest.
短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活
了。Time for reflection‘To infinitive’ can be used as what? How
about ‘verb-ing’?
2.Speak out at least five verbs respectively that can be used after ‘to infinitive’ or ‘verb-ing’.
3.Which verbs can be used as bare infinitive (省略to的不定式)?请点击Quiz I: Multiple choice. 1. Volunteering gives you a chance _____ lives, including your own. (2013北京)
A. change B. changing
C. changed D. to change
2. ______ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. (2013湖南)
A. Staying B. Stayed
C. To stay D. Stay3. I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. (2013山东)
A. take B. taking
C. to take D. taken
4. Let those in need ____ that we will go all out to help them. (2013陕西)
A. to understand
B. understand
C. understanding
D. understood5. ____ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. (2014湖南)
A. Understanding
B. To be understood
C. Being understood
D. Having understood6. _____ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014湖南)
A. Having freed B. Freed
C. To free D. Freeing
7. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _____ a security officer. (2014山东)
A. employed B. being employed
C. to employ D. employs 8. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ______ for a swim? (2014陕西)
A. to go B. going
C. go D. having gone
9. _____ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. (2014陕西)
A. Working out B. Worked out
C. To work out D. Work out10. — I hope to take the computer course.
— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website. (2014四川)
A. To find out B. Finding out
C. To be finding out
D. Having found out
11. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _____ it didn’t fit. (2014天津)
A. to find B. found
C. finding D. having found12. Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit. (2014重庆)
A. helping B. having helped
C. helped D. to help
1. 要学好一门外语是不容易的。
It's not easy to learn a foreign language well.
2. 我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。
It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.
3. 女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要告诉你们。
Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you. Quiz II: Translation.
4. 母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒 儿子。
Mother came in quietly so as not to wake the sleeping boy.
5. 我叫小李给你修收音机。
I'll have Xiao Li repair the radio for you.
6. 我那样说并没想着会伤害到你。
I didn’t mean to hurt you by saying that.7. 我明天让你用我的电脑。
I will let you use my computer tomorrow.
8. 老板让员工一天工作将近十小时。
The boss made the employees work nearly ten hours a day.
9. 那天早上，大卫很幸运的赶上了第一班公车。
David was lucky to catch the first bus that morning.
10. 你介意给我递一下醋吗？
Would you mind passing me the vinegar?Mrs. Wilson, the wife of a rich man, 1_______ some of her friends to lunch. She was trying a new way to cook fish and she was very pleased with 2______ when the fish was ready. As the fish was very hot, she put it near the open window to 3_____ for a few minutes. Five minutes later, when she came back for it, she was 4_________ to find the neighbor’s cat at the fish. Quiz III: Fill in the blanks according to the text or the given words.invited herself cool surprised She was in time to stop the cat 5______ it was too late. That afternoon everyone enjoyed the fish. They talked and laughed 6_____ four o’clock.
After the guests left, Mrs. Wilson felt tired 7____ happy. She was sitting down in a chair near the window when she saw the neighbor’s cat dead in her garden. She was sure the fish was bad. What 8______ happen to her friends? before until but would She at once telephoned the family doctor for help. The doctor asked each guest 9_______ (meet) him. Once again Mrs. Wilson was alone in her chair still tired but not longer happy. Just then the telephone rang. 10__ was her neighbor, “Oh, Mrs. Wilson,” he cried.” My cat is dead. She was killed by someone in a car and put in your garden….”to meet It