Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.期末复习考点讲义
一、学习目标整合
语言能力 能够运用目标句型进行交际,能够理解过去完成时,并用它描述“过去的过去”的活动。
学习能力 能学会分析不同事物的优缺点,学会比较选择对自己有影响的事物,正确处理实际问题,精神饱满的面对生活与学习。
文化意识 了解和理解不同文化背景、不同阶层认识的不同幸福观和战胜挫折的不同态度与方法。
思维品质 能辨识语篇中的衔接手段,判断句子之间、 段落之间的逻辑关系。
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
过去完成时
含义:表示在过去某个时间或某个动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态,它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,它是一种相对于一般过去时的时态,没有一般过去时就没有过去完成时
句式:
肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+had.
否定回答:No, 主语+hadn't.
用法:
①表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成,即发生在“过去的过去”。用在by/before/after/when+过去时态引导的时间状语于从句。
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
②表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,常与表示延续的时间状语连用,如“by the end of+过去的时间点”,“by the time+从句(一般过去时)””等。
③用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如told, said, knew, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
My father asked me if I had finished reading that book.
一直延续到这一过去的时间
时间状语:
①By the time sb. did sth.
By the time the police arrived at the shop, the owner of the shop had caught the thief.
②When/After sb. did sth. (动作有先后发生的顺序)
When we reached the station hurriedly, the train had left.
③Before sb. did sth.
Before I went to bed last night, I had done my homework.
辨析: alive,live,living 与 lively
alive:形容词,“活着的;有生气的”;可以作后置定语,多修饰人,也可修饰物。
live:形容词意为“活的;现场直播的”;通常只作前置定语,且一般用来修饰物。
living:意为“活着的”,强调尚在人间、健在;作前置定语或表语。多修饰物,也可修饰人。
lively:意为“生动的;活泼的”,通常用来描述人及其行为或活动,可以作定语或表语。
keep
keep用作及物动词,意为“保存;保留;保守”。例如:
Could you keep these letters for me, please
你能替我保存这些信吗?
I'll keep a seat for you. 我给你留个座位。
Can you keep a secret 你能保守秘密吗?
keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词,意为“保持处于某种状态”。例如:
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
你必须照顾好自己,保持身体健康。
She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。
keep的常用句型:
①keep doing sth. 意为 “继续干某事”,表示不间断地持续干某事,后须接延续性的动词。例如:
He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.
他整天都在不停地工作,因为他想准时完成工作。
②keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。例如:
The pupil kept on asking me the same question.
这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。例如:
③keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如:
The heavy snow kept us from going out.
大雪阻止了我们出去。
【例题】
1.The New Silk Road will offer a good __________ for more nations to communicate.
A. chance B. habit C. question D. price
2.I go to my grandparents' home ______ with their housework every Sunday.
A.help B.helped C.to help D.helping
3.My parents ______ to see In the Name of People (《人民的名义》) last weekend.
A.gave up B.stayed up C.set up D.took up
4.Before Mr. Zhang went to Paris, he ______ French for two years.
A.will learn B.has learned C.had learned D.was learning
5.The match ______ because of bad weather. What a pity!
A.will cancel B.has cancelled C.was cancelled D.is cancelling
6.On the first day of Chinese New Year, we ______ new clothes and visit people.
A.pick up B.put on C.take off D.throw away
7.—Tom, why have you decided ______ Chinese folk music as a course
—Because I like Chinese culture very much.
A.take B.taken C.to take D.taking
8.—What should we do with the driver hurt in the car accident
—Let him stay______. Help is on the way.
A. calm B. silent C. lonely D. still
9.Over fifty countries _______ the AIIB(亚投行) so far.
A. joined B. was joining C. had joined D. have joined
10.—Do you often see Mr. Smith ______ on the playground
—No! But he is often seen ______ Chinese Kungfu in the park.
A. run, play B. run, to play
C. running, play D. running, to play
四、单元核心素养对接中考
1.【2023年黑龙江哈尔滨中考真题】—Where is your mother, Daming
—Oh, she ________ Shanghai on business and she’ll come back next week.
A.has returned from
B.has been to
C.has gone to
2.【2024届·山东菏泽·二模】—I’m worried about leaving my friends and going to a new school.
—Take it easy. I’m sure you’ll ________ your classmates if you are friendly to them.
A.get along with
B.catch up with
C.come up with
3.【2024届·山东菏泽·二模】—We should take action to protect the environment.
—________. That’s very important.
A.Don’t mention it
B.It doesn’t matter
C.I agree with you
4.【2024届·山东菏泽·二模】—Does anybody want to share ________ on Dragon Boat Festival —I visited my grandparents and ate zongzi.
A.what you did
B.where you went
C.when you shopped
5.【2024届·山东菏泽·二模】—I heard a young fireman lost his life in the big fire.
—What a pity! ________ I don’t know who he is, I know who he is for. He is our hero forever.
A.But
B.So
C.Although
6.【2024届·山东菏泽·二模】—Why do many farmers put their products online these days
—________them more easily.
A.To sell
B.Sell
C.Selling
7.【2024届·山东菏泽·二模】—I think listening to music helps calm me down while I am doing my homework.
—________. I need to study in a quiet environment.
A.I don’t agree with you
B.That sounds fun
C.So I do
8.【2024届·云南曲靖·二模】—Where is Miss White, Bob
— She _________ Shanghai to visit her parents. She’ll be back in two days.
A.will go B.has been to C.has gone to D.has been in
9.【2024届·云南曲靖·二模】After dinner, I always offer _________ the dishes so that my parents can have a good rest.
A.to do B.do C.does D.doing
10.【2024届·云南曲靖·二模】________ life is full of ups and downs, we still should face it with hope and courage.
A.Unless B.Although C.Before D.If
答案以及解析
【例题】
1.答案:A
解析:句意:新丝绸之路将为更多的国家交流提供一个好机会。A.chance机会:B.habit习惯;C.question问题,疑问;D.price价格。新丝绸之路是为更多的国家提供交流的机会,故选A。
2.答案:C
解析:句意:我每周日都去爷爷奶奶家帮他们干家务。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
3.答案:B
解析:句意:上周末我的父母熬夜看《人民的名义》。give up“放弃”;stay up“熬夜”;set up“安排”;take up“开始从事”。
4.答案:C
解析:句意:在张先生去巴黎前,他已经学了两年法语。主句动作发生在从句动作之前,故用过去完成时。
5.答案:C
解析:句意:比赛因坏天气而被取消。真可惜!结合句意可知,此处应该用被动语态。
6.答案:B
解析:句意:在中国新年的第一天,我们穿上新衣服,然后走亲访友。pick up"捡起,(开车)接";put on"穿上,表演";take off"脱掉,起飞";throw away"扔掉"。
7.答案:C
解析:—汤姆,为什么你决定选择中国民间音乐作为一门课程?—因为我非常喜欢中国文化。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。
8.答案:D
解析:A.Calm平静的;B.silent沉默的;C.Lonely孤独的;D.Still仍然,还。句意:—司机在汽车事故中受伤我们应该怎么做?—让他在里面呆着,在途中呼救。根据stay在这里是联系动词表示保持,及语境可知选D。
9.答案:D
解析:本题主要考查现在完成时。句中时间状语为 so far,意为“到目前为止”,与现在完成时连用,表现形式为“have/has+动词的过去分词”。join意为“加入”,其过去分词为joined。句中主语为复数名词,谓语动词也应使用复数形式。故正确答案为D。
10.答案:B
解析:句意:—你经常看到史密斯先生在操场上跑步吗?—不,但是他经常被看到在公园里练中国功夫。此题考查固定短语see sb do sth看到某人做某事,变成被动时,要把省略的to还原回来,根据句意,应选B。
四、单元核心素养对接中考
1.答案: C
解析: 句意:—大明,你妈妈在哪里 —哦,她去上海出差了,下星期回来。考查has gone to的用法。has returned from已经从……返回;has been to曾经去过某地;has gone to去了某地(未回)。根据"she...Shanghai on business and she’ll come back next week."可知,大明的妈妈不在说话地,用has gone to表示去了未回。故选C。
2.答案: A
解析: 句意:—我担心离开我的朋友去一所新学校。—别紧张。如果你对同学们友好的话,我相信你会和他们相处得很好。考查动词短语。get along with与……相处融洽;catch up with追赶上;come up with想出。根据"if you are friendly to them."可知,此处是指与同学之间的相处,结合常识,如果你对同学友好,同学也会和你友好相处。故选A。
3.答案: C
解析: 句意:—我们应该采取行动保护环境。—我同意你的看法。这很重要。考查情景交际。Don’t mention it不用客气;It doesn’t matter没关系;I agree with you我同意你的看法。根据上文"We should take action to protect the environment."和下文"That’s very important."可知,此处是指赞成对方的观点,保护环境很重要。故选C。
4.答案: A
解析: 句意:—有人想分享在端午节做了什么吗 —我去看望了爷爷奶奶,吃了粽子。考查宾语从句。根据"I visited my grandparents and ate zongzi."可知此处询问在端午节做了什么,用what引导宾语从句。故选A。
5.答案: C
解析: 句意:—我听说一个年轻的消防员在大火中丧生了。—真可惜!虽然我不知道他是谁,但我知道他是为了谁,他是我们永远的英雄。考查连词辨析。But但是;So所以;Although虽然。根据"I don’t know who he is, I know who he is for."可知,此处是指虽然不知道他是谁,但知道他是为了谁,前后句是让步关系,用although引导让步状语从句。故选C。
6.答案: A
解析: 句意:—为什么现在很多农民把他们的产品放到网上 —为了更方便的卖。考查非谓语动词。To sell动词不定式;Sell动词原形;Selling动名词/现在分词形式。分析句意可知,前文询问原因,所以此处表示"为了更方便的卖",可用动词不定式表目的。故选A。
7.答案: A
解析: 句意:—我觉得在做作业的时候听音乐能让我平静下来。—我不同意你的看法。我需要在安静的环境中学习。考查情景交际。I don’t agree with you我不同意你的看法;That sounds fun那听起来很有趣;So I do我确实是。根据"listening to music helps calm me down while I am doing my homework."以及"I need to study in a quiet environment."可知是不同意对方的看法。故选A。
8.答案: C
解析: will go将要去;has gone to表示去了某地还没回来;has been to表示去过某地已经回来了;has been in表示一直在某地,往往和一段时间连用。根据后句句意"她两天后回来"可知,怀特小姐去了上海还没回来,要用has gone to,其它选项不符合语法,也语意不通。故选:C。
9.答案: A
解析: do the dishes洗碗。to do动词不定式;do动词原形;does三单形式;doing现在分词。句中使用了offer to do sth短语,意思是"主动提出做某事",空格处应用不定式作宾语。故选:A。
10.答案: B
解析: unless除非,引导条件状语从句;although尽……之前管,引导让步状语从句;before在……引导时间状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知,前后句是让步关系,应用although引导让步状语从句。故选:B。