Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth!期末复习考点讲义
一、学习目标整合
语言能力 能够运用目标句型进行交际,掌握现在进行时、现在完成时和被动语态等,并用正确的时态的句子描述环境污染和环境保护。
学习能力 能整理、归纳所学内容,把握重点和难点;能主动反思自己英语学习中的进步与不足。
文化意识 通过谈论污染、环境保护和循环再利用,培养学生爱护环境和保护动物的意识,理解不同国家对环保工作做出的不同努力和贡献。
思维品质 能从不同角度解读语篇,推断语篇的深层含义,作出正确的价值判断。
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
现在进行时与现在完成时
含义:
现在进行时:现在进行时表示即刻或现在正在发生或进行着的某一动作,多与时间状语 now;at the moment,at present 等连用。
What are you doing now
你现在在做什么
现在完成时:现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一是过去,是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响。与现在完成时连用的时间状语往往有already,yet,ever,never,for,since…,these days,so far,just,recently,in the past(last) few years 等。
句式结构:
现在进行时:
肯定句式:主语十助动词 be (am, is, are)+现在分词
否定句式:主语+助动词 be(am, is, are)+not+现在分词
疑问句式:助动词 Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词
The students are listening to their teacher now.学生们正在听老师讲课。
The students aren't listening to their teacher now.
Are the students listening to their teacher now
现在完成时:
肯定句式:主语十助动词 have (has) +过去分词
否定句式:主语十助动词 have (has) +not+过去分词
疑问句式:助动词 Have (Has) +主语+过去分词
I have already finished my homework.我已经完成作业了。
I haven't finished my homework yet.
Have you finished your homework yet
用法:
现在进行时:
①表示说话时动作正在进行,往往与 now 连用,有时用在祈使句之后。
What are you doing now
你现在在做什么?
②表示现阶段动作正在进行,但不一定是说话时正在进行,往往和 at present,this week,these days等时间状语连用。
What lessons are you learning this week
你们这个星期学哪些课了?
③当句中含有Look!或Listen! Can you see...,Can't you see...等暗示词时,后边句子也用现在进行时。
Listen! Who is crying in the next room
听!谁在隔壁房间哭呢?
Can't you see it is raining outside
你没看见外面正下雨吗
④动词 go,come,leave,start,arrive 等可以用现在进行时表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
How many of you are coming to the party next week
你们有多少人下周来参加聚会
She is leaving for Qinghai this weekend.
这个周末她将动身去青海。
现在完成时:
①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。
Zhang Fang has just turned off the light.
张芳刚刚把灯关上。(说明灯现在关上了)
②表示过去发生的动作延续到现在,而且还将继续下去的动作或状态,往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。
My father has worked in this factory for many years.
我父亲在这家工厂工作很多年了。(工作到现在)
③表示从过去到现在所经历的事情。
I've been to the Great Wall many times.
我去过长城好多次
被动语态(一般时态)
构成:被动语态是由“助动词 be 的适当时态形式+及物动词的过去分词”构成,这里的 be 有时态的变化。
一般现在时:主语+助动词 be(am,is,are)+及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时:主语+助动词 be(was,were)+及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时:主语十助动词 will(am/is/are going to) be+及物动词的过去分词
这里应该注意的是:一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态中的助动词 be 既表示时态,又表示语态;而其他时态中既有时态助动词,也有语态助动词。我们在进行句式转化时应该变化时态助动词。
类型:
①由及物动词构成的被动语态
有一个宾语的句子的被动语态,这时可以直接将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语即可。
我妈妈昨天晚上做了一个蛋糕。
My mother made a cake last night.
A cake was made by my mother last night.
某些动词后面可以加双宾语,一个是表示人的间接宾语,另一个是表示物的直接宾语。这时在改为被动语态时,可以将间接宾语改为主语;也可将直接宾语改为主语,不过这时应该在间接宾语前加上介词 to或 for。
艾玛给了我一块橡皮。
Emma gave me an eraser.
I was given an eraser by Emma.
An eraser was given tome by Emma
②由不及物动词构成的被动语态
由于不及物动词不能直接带宾语,所以只有在不及物动词后面加上介词或副词构成动词短语之后,才能用于被动语态中。在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
她从地上捡起一个钱包。
She picked up a wallet from the floor.
A wallet was picked up from the floor by her.
主动形式表被动含义
①形容词 worth 后面加上动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
②在need,want,require等动词后往往用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
③在 to...to...结构中,不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。
④形容词easy, difficult, hard, cheap , expensive, fit, nice, dangerous , exciting, funny,heavy,important,good,interesting 等后面接不定式作状语时往往用主动形式表达被动含义。
⑤动词不定式作定语时,如果它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,则可以用主动形式表达被动含义。
⑥不及物动词wash,sell,write,read,close,open,wear,catch 等往往用主动形式表达被动含义,说明主语的性质或特征。
辨析:instead of与 instead
instead of介词短语,后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式等作宾语,否定of后的内容
They will go on a vacation by plane instead of by train.
他们将乘飞机去度假,而不是坐火车。
instead副词,意为“代替;相反”,常位于句首或句末作状语,肯定instead所在句的内容
He didn't play basketball yesterday. He went swimming instead
他昨天没打篮球,而是去游泳了。
辨析:endangered,danger,dangerous 与 in danger
endangered:形容词;“濒危的;濒临灭绝的”
Scientists think that the animal is endangered by pollution.
科学家认为污染导致这种动物濒临灭绝
danger:不可数名词;“危险,威胁”;后接of (doing) sth.
Is there any danger of fire
有发生火灾的危险吗
dangerous:形容词;“危险的”
It's dangerous for children to swim in the river
对孩子们来说在河里游泳是危险的。
in danger:介词短语;“在危险中”
Her life is in danger.
她有生命危险
【例题】
1.Xiaogan is well known _____ the culture of "Xiao".
A.in B.for C.as D.on
2.Yueda Group has found a way to _____ the waste and doesn't put it into the river any more.
A.produce B.recycle C.require D.protect
3.More and more people have realized that we shouldn't _____ the ancient buildings in cities.
A.get off B.put off C.cut down D.pull down
4.—Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.
—That's too bad. Everyone ______ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.
A.may B.must C.would D.should
5.—Look, what an amazing Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge!
—Yeah. It ______ in 2018.
A.completed B.was completed C.is completed D.has completed
6.Shopping used to ______ going to shops, but nowadays, you can do it online at home.
A.means B.meant C.mean D.meaning
7.Please be quiet. The students ________ a listening test.
A. having B. are having C. had D. have
8.—Look at the backpack! It looks like Amy’s backpack! She must be in the library, too!
—It _________ be Amy’s. Amy is at home today because she is ill.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
9.—Can you help me make a shopping list
—________. I’ll do it right now.
A. No way B. With pleasure
C. Good luck D. It’s no big deal
10.—Excuse me, can I have a word with Doctor Smith
—I’m sorry, Doctor Smith _______ on a patient at the moment.
A. is operating B. operated C. has operated D. will operate
四、单元核心素养对接中考
1.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】—When hot weather arrives during summer, the sun shines brightly in Siyang. So you’d better take ________ umbrella when you go out.
—OK. It’s________ useful advice. Thank you.
A.a; an B.a; the C.an; / D.an; a
2.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】—Jim, Mother’s Day is coming. What present will you give your mother
—I haven’t decided yet. I ________ make her a birthday cake by myself.
A.must B.would C.should D.may
3.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】Our teachers always warn us ________ ball games on the road to avoid ________ ourselves. A.to not play; hurting
B.not to play; to hurt
C.not to play; hurting
D.not play; to hurt
4.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】—Congratulations, boys and girls! You all ________ great progress in the past three years.
—Dear teachers! We will never forget you and your help.
A.make B.made C.will make D.have made
5.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】—Many people are used to parking their e-bikes inside the building.
—That’s very dangerous. The government has ________ some policies(政策) to stop this.
A.worked out B.carried out C.broken out D.taken out
6.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】It’s reported that the world’s first space hotel, Voyager Space Station, ________ in 2026. The golden age of space travel is just around the corner.
A.builds
B.built
C.was built
D.will be built
7.【2024届·江西萍乡·二模】Kate _________ a lot about Chinese paper cutting since she came to China.
A.learns B.learned C.has learned D.will learn
8.【2024届·江西萍乡·二模】—Paul plays the violin really wonderfully!
—Of course. He is ________ than any other student in his class.
A.talented B.more talented
C.the more talented D.the most talented
9.【2024届·江西萍乡·二模】—What a comfortable plane it is!
—It’s C919. It ________ in China.
A.will make B.makes C.is making D.is made
10.【2024届·江西萍乡·二模】Justin can’t help me to move the piano because he ________ English online.
A.is studying B.studied C.will study D.studies
答案以及解析
【例题】
1.答案:B
解析:句意:孝感以“孝”文化而著称。be well known for...表示“以……而著称”。
2.答案:B
解析:produce"生产";recycle"回收利用";require"要求";protect"保护"。此处是说,悦达集团找到了回收利用废料的方法,故选B。
3.答案:D
解析:句意:越来越多的人已经意识到我们不应该拆毁城市里的古老建筑。get off"下车";put off"推迟";cut down"砍掉";pull down"拆毁"。
4.答案:D
解析:题干中提到了"许多人整天玩手机而不看书",结合答语中的"读书更有乐趣"可推断,此处是说每个人都"应该"成为喜欢读书的人,故所缺的词是should。
5.答案:B
解析:—看,港珠澳大桥多壮观呀!—是呀。它完成于2018年。桥是被完成的,且根据时间状语in 2018可知,动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
6.答案:C
解析:句意:过去购物意味着去商店,但是现在你能够在家上网购物。used to do sth.表示"过去常常做某事"。
7.答案:B
解析:考查动词时态。根据“Please be quiet.”可知,“听力测试”这件事情正在发生,应用现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词)。故选B.
8.答案:B
解析:考查情态动词否定形式辨析。mustn't禁止;can't不可能;needn't不必;wouldn't将不会。根据“Amy is at home today because she is ill.”可知图书馆里的书包不可能是艾米的。表示否定推测用can't,故选B.
9.答案:B
解析:考查情景交际。No way不行;With pleasure 非常乐意;Good luck好运;It's no big deal没什么大不了的。根据“I'll do it right now.”可知,此处是说“我很愿意帮忙”,故选B.
10.答案:A
解析:考查现在进行时。根据“at the moment.”推断,此处表达“史密斯医生正在给病人做手术”,应用现在进行时。故选A。
四、单元核心素养对接中考
1.答案: C
解析: 句意:—夏天,当炎热的天气来临时,泗阳阳光灿烂。所以你出去的时候最好带把伞。—好的,这是有用的建议。非常感谢。考查冠词。不定冠词a和an用于可数名词单数形式前,泛指"一个"。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于元音音素开头的单词前。umbrella是可数名词单数形式,且发音以元音音素开头,故用an;advice是不可数名词,故不能用不定冠词。故选C。
2.答案: D
解析: 句意:—吉姆,母亲节快到了。你会给你妈妈什么礼物 —我还没有决定。我可能自己给她做一个生日蛋糕。考查情态动词。must必须;would将;should应该;may可能。根据"I haven’t decided yet."可知,还没决定给妈妈什么礼物,可能做一个生日蛋糕。此处表示猜测用may。故选D。
3.答案: C
解析: 句意:我们的老师总是警告我们不要在马路上玩球,以免伤害自己。考查非谓语动词。此处是两个常用英文表达,warn sb (not) to do sth"警告某人(不) 要做某事";avoid doing sth"避免做某事"。故选C。
4.答案: D
解析: 句意:—祝贺孩子们!你们在过去的三年里取得了巨大的进步。—尊敬的老师们!我们永远不会忘记你和你的帮助。考查动词时态。根据时间状语"in the past three years"可知,本句时态是现在完成时(have/has done)。故选D。
5.答案: B
解析: 句意:—很多人习惯把他们的电动车停在大楼里。—那非常危险,政府已经实施一些政策来阻止了。考查动词短语辨析。worked out解决;carried out执行、实施;broken out爆发;taken out拿出来。根据"some policies (政策) to stop this."可知,应是执行政策来阻止这种危险行为。故选B。
6.答案: D
解析: 句意:据报道,世界上第一家太空酒店,旅行者空间站,将于2026年建成。太空旅行的黄金时代即将到来。考查时态和被动语态。builds动词"三单"形式;built动词过去式/过去分词;was built一般过去时被动语态;will be built一般将来时被动语态。根据"in 2026"可知,时态为一般将来时,又因主语"Voyager Space Station"和"build"之间关系为被动,谓语用一般将来时被动语态"will be+过去分词",built为动词build的过去分词。故选D。
7.答案: C
解析: 句意:自从凯特来到中国后,她学到了很多关于中国剪纸的知识。考查现在完成时。learns是learn的第三人称单数形式,用于一般现在时态中;learned是learn的过去式,用于一般过去时态中;has learned是现在完成时态;will learn一般将来时。根据"since she came to China."可知,主句应用现在完成时态,谓语部分应是have/has done结构,因主语Bill是第三人称单数,故助动词应用has,learn应用过去分词learned。故选C。
8.答案: B
解析: 句意:—保罗的小提琴演奏得非常棒!—当然。他比班上任何其他学生都更有天赋。考查比较级。根据"than"可知此处用比较级more talented,此处不表示特指,不用冠词。故选B。
9.答案: D
解析: 句意:—这是一架多么舒适的飞机!—这是C919。它是中国制造的。考查时态和语态。此处it指代C919,和谓语make之间是被动关系,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态be done。故选D。
10.答案: A
解析: 句意:贾斯汀帮不了我搬钢琴,因为他正在网上学习英语。考查动词时态。根据"Justin can’t help me to move the piano"可知,此处是正在网上学习,不能帮忙,可知用现在进行时,其结构是be doing的形式,主语是he,是第三人称单数,be动词用is,study"学习",是动词,现在分词是studying。故选A。