中考英语专题复习学案之代词

中考英语专题复习学案
代 词
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。
代词的用法
人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表：
数 格 人 称 单 数 复 数
主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格
第一人称 we me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he him they them
she her
it it
人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.
宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They don’t want me to go there alone.
Don’t worry. I can look after her.
宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：--- Who’s that --- It’s me.
注意：①人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如：
You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。
②人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中， 表示强调。例如：
It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。
③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如：
The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。
We love our country, we hope she’ll be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。
④It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如：
It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。
⑤It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is good for you taking a walk after supper.
I found it difficult to sleep.
⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如：
You, he and I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2．物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。
词 义 类 型 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他/她/它们的
形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名 词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语， 后面跟名词。例如：
To our surprise, he has passed the exam.
(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征， 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：
May I use your bike Mine is at school. (作主语)
Whose glasses are these They are hers. ( 作表语)
My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours (作宾语)
(3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用， 作定语。 例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.
3．反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示：
词 义 数 我(们)自己 你(们)自己 他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己
单 数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves
（1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如：
Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)
He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)
You’d better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)
反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：
make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc
4．指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表
这，这个 那，那个 这些 那些
this that these those
指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：
Those are my parents. ( 作主语)
Throw it like that. (作表语)
The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)
These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)
注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西， 常用that, those 表示。 例如：
I’m sorry to hear that.
( 2 )下文将要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起启下的作用。 例如：
Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.
5．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。
作主语： What make you so happy
作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager talking with
在口语中， 作宾语时 who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如：
About whom they are talking just now
作定语： Which subject do you like best
作表语： What’s your mother.
6．相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如：
We should help each other.
The villagers have looked after one another these year.
相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。 例如：
We put the presents in each other’s stocking.
7．连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如：
I know what he said at the meeting.
The problem is who will mend it.
Could you tell me which is the way to the post office
8. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。
不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语，no和every 只能做定语。
代词
many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
This isn’t ______ pencil case. I left ______ at home.
A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself
解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题，就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。
The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
解析：历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点，要做好这类题，必须明确几点：（1）little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。（2）few, little 一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。
------ Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning
------ ______ OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
解析：此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它们都表示肯定意义，均与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体，这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。
The population of China is much large than ______
this B.those C.it D.that
解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用those指代可数名词的复数。 选D。
5 . ------ When shall we meet again
------ Make it ______day you like. It’s all the same to me.
A. one B.any C.another D.all
解析：any表示任何一个。选B。
He said ______ at the meeting and just sat there silently.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
解析：此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发，只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意，应选C。
------ Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster
------ Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
解析：先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，所以应选B。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、用适当的代词填空
Help ______ to some ice cream, girls.
He came up with an idea at last, the idea of ______ was very good.
Hurry, up, there’s ______ time left.
There is hardly ______ in the basket, it’s empty.
Lili and Coco don’t know ______ address. Lili has never been to Coco’s home and Coco has never been to Lily’s home, either.
He is ______ a kind friend that ______of us like him.
He have two English novels, but he has read ______ of them.
I don’t like the color of this jacket. Could you show me ______ one
You may take ______ of them, they’re both good.
Don’t worry. ______ goes well here.
二、选择最佳答案填空：
1. These two books are very interesting. You can choose _________ of them.
A. both B. each C. either D. any
2. He had ________milk but_________ bread for breakfast.
A. many; few B. much; little C. few; much D. little; many
3. Is there ________you want to say
A. something else B. anything else C. else anything D. else something
4. A: _________ are you going to visit
B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum.
A. Where B. What C. Why D. When
5. One should keep ________ promise.
A. one’s own B. every C. himself D. herself
三、完成句子
There’s two apples here, you can take ______（任意一个）.
Lisa has two daughters. ______(没有一个喜欢)traveling.
______ (所有的)girls like singing.
To say is ______ (一回事), to do is ______ (另一回事).
They keep one black cat and ______ (两只黑的).
He has ______ (许多) money, but he has ______ (没有) friends.
Can she speak French ______ (只会一点).
______ (他们中很少有人) can talk in Chinese.
______ (没人) has been reached farther than the moon.
We looked at ______ (相互) in great surprise.
Key: 一、1.yourselves 2.his 3.no 4.anything 5.each other’s 6.such,all 7.neither 8.another 9.either 10.everything
二、CBBAA
三、1.either 2.neither 3.all 4.one thing, another thing 5.two black ones 6.a lot of/much, no
7.A little 8.Few of them 9. No one /Nobody 10.each other