2025届高考英语二轮复习：词汇变形练习（无答案）
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语二轮复习：词汇变形练习（无答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-12-25 11:46:31 | ||
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文档简介
2025年高考英语必备变形词积累
Ⅰ.近5年高考考过的派生词、合成词
Day 1(词缀派生类)
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (en－ “使成为某种状态”＋danger“危险； 风险”＋－ed→endangered adj. ____________)
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)UPCOMING EVENTS (up“向上”＋come“来； 来到”＋－ing→upcoming adj.____________)
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.(member “成员； 会员”＋－ship“集体；状态”→membership n.____________)
4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. (multi－ “很多”＋task “任务”→multitask v. ____________)
5.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.(bio－ “生命；生物”＋diversity“多样性”→biodiversity n. ____________)
6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本).(out－“胜过、超过” ＋number“数目， 数量”→outnumber v. ____________)
7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it. (likely“可能的” ＋－hood“表示‘情况，状态；性质等’”→likelihood n. ____________)
8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well－sampled.(over－ “过度；过分”＋sample “样品；标本”→oversample v.___________________)
9.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.(de－ “去掉” ＋motivate “作为……的动力；使具有……的动机”→demotivate v. ____________)
10.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. (environment “环境”＋－al“与……有关的”＋－ist“从事某种职业的人”→environmentalist n.____________)
11.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. (in－ “不；无；非”＋appropriate“合适的”＋－ly→inappropriately adv.____________)
12.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.(photograph“拍照”＋－y→photography n.____________)
13.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit (ride“乘坐， 搭乘”＋－er“做某事的人” ＋－ship“集体”→ridership n.____________)
14.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)How are the stories categorized in the kiosk？(category“种类， 类别”＋－ize→categorize v.____________)
15.(2024·全国甲卷)Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. (modern“现代的”＋－ize＋－ation→modernization n.____________)
16.(2024·全国甲卷)For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).(re－“再；重复；重新” ＋fuel“燃料”→refuel v.____________)
17.(2024·全国甲卷)You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. (un－＋predict“预料”＋－able→unpredictable adj.____________)
18.(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant－free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.(attract“吸引”＋－ant＋－free“没有……的”→attractant－free adj.____________)
19.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(cor－“和……一道/一起”＋relate“有联系的”→correlate v.____________)
20.(2023·全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de－list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.(de－“除掉，去掉”＋list“名单，清单”→de－list v.____________)
Day 2(词缀派生类)
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.(im－“不，非”＋perfect“完美的”＋－ion→imperfection n.____________)
2.(2022·天津6月卷)In the fictional worlds of film and TV artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. (in－“不，非”＋distinguishable“可辨认的”→indistinguishable adj.____________)
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)...we find today is the product of a complex interplays of things like biological change and cultural evolution...(inter－“在……之间”＋play“作用，影响”→interplay n.____________)
4.(2022·浙江6月卷)In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. (multi－“多个”＋culture“文化”＋－al→multicultural adj.____________)
5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Participation in a post－visit survey is required. (post－“后，以后”＋visit“访问”→post－visit adj.____________)
6.(2022·全国乙卷)Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15.There is no re－admission. (re－“再，回”＋admission“进入”→re－admission n.________________)
7.(2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self－employed pet transport specialist. (self－“自身的，对自身”＋employ“雇用”＋－ed→self－employed adj.____________)
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We waste food unintentionally at times. (un－“非，不”＋intentionally“故意地”→unintentionally adv.____________)
9.(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people ...inviting twenty－nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty－six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. (un－“非，不”＋interrupt“打断”＋－ed→uninterrupted adj.____________)
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
(①un－“未，不”＋protect“保护”＋－ed→unprotected adj.____________ ②in－“不，非”＋consistency“一致性”→inconsistency n.____________)
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
(un－“非，不”＋thinking“思想的，有思考力的”＋－ly→unthinkingly adv.____________)
12.(2022·浙江6月卷)High conscientiousness is related to low job performance...(conscientious“勤勉认真的”＋－ness→conscientiousness n._____________)
13.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re－evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. (①function“功能”＋－al＋－ity→functionality n.____________ ②adapt“适应”＋－ive＋－ly→adaptively adv.____________)
14.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. (popular“普遍的，流行的”＋－ize＋－ation→popularization n.____________)
15.(2021·北京卷)Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet... (concept“概念”＋－ual＋－ize“使……化”→conceptualize v._____________)
Day 3(词缀派生类)
1.(2021·全国乙卷)The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant；however, the participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups. (①in－“不，非”＋significant“重要的”→insignificant adj.____________ ②out－“超过”＋perform“做，表现”→outperform v.____________)
2.(2021·天津 3月卷)We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. (inter－“相互”＋connect“联系”＋－ed＋－ness→interconnectedness n.____________)
3.(2021·北京卷)The clock registers both short－term irregularities and long trends in river dynamics.(ir－“不，非”＋regular“有规律的”＋－ity→irregularity n.____________)
4.(2021·浙江6月卷)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.(ir－“不，非”＋resistible“可抗拒的”→irresistible adj.____________)
5.(2021·浙江1月卷)Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non－verbal communication. (non－“无，没有”＋verbal“言语的”→non－verbal adj._____________)
6.(2021·全国甲卷)When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief — they were unacknowleged and rejected by others. (un－“非，不”＋acknowledge“认可，承认”＋－ed→unacknowledged adj.____________)
7.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. (un－“非，不”＋disturb“干扰”＋－ed→undisturbed adj.____________)
8.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. (dis－“不，非，相反”＋qualify“使取得资格”＋－cation→disqualification n.____________)
9.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？(em－“使处于某种状态”＋power“能量”→empower. v.____________)
10.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Four years ago they all moved into a three－storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. (multi－“多个”＋generation“一代人”＋－al→multigenerational adj._____________)
11.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off－set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. (off－“不在……上，离开”＋set“舞台，摄影场”→off－set adj. ____________)
12.(2020·北京卷)Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. (out－“超越，超过”＋pace“速度”→outpace v.____________)
13.(2020·天津卷)This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”. (re－“再，又，重新”＋define“定义”→redefine v.____________)
14.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self－powered street lamps. (self－“自己”＋power“驱动”＋－ed→self－powered adj.____________)
15.(2020·北京卷)In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra－intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” (ultra－“极，超过某限度”＋intelligent“智能的”→ultra－intelligent adj.____________)
Day 4(合成名词类)
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.(data“数据” ＋ set“套；组；集”→dataset n.____________)
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. (spell“拼写”＋checker“检查程序”＋－er→spellchecker n.____________)
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. (sun“太阳”＋screen“掩护物”→sunscreen n.____________)
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (road“路” ＋ map“地图”→roadmap n.____________)
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (down“向下” ＋ fall“降落， 落下”→downfall n.____________)
6.(2024·全国甲卷)Then create your own masterpiece! [master“大师”＋piece“(文章、艺术品、音乐作品的)一件，一篇，一首”→masterpiece n._______________]
7.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (spring“跳”＋board“板”→springboard n.____________)
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today. (hunter“狩猎者”＋gatherer“采集者”→hunter－gatherer n.____________)
9.(2022·全国甲卷)Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape－recognition abilities to a human two－year－old. (shape“形状”＋recognition“识别”→shape－recognition n.____________)
10.(2022·全国甲卷)Where trial－and－error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. (trial“试验”＋and＋error“错误”→trial－and－error n.____________)
11.(2022·浙江1月卷)The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. (down“向下”＋turn“转变”→downturn n.____________)
12.(2022·浙江6月卷)The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go－getter... (go“去”＋getter“获得者”＋er→go－getter n.____________)
13.(2022·北京卷)He was treated for frostbite on his hands. (frost“严寒天气”＋bite“咬”→frostbite n.____________)
14.(2021·天津3月卷)The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. (draw“拉”＋back“向后”→扯后腿的事物→drawback n.____________)
15.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. (stand“站”＋point“地点”→standpoint n.____________)
16.(2020·浙江卷)For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure－all for jammed roadways. (cure“治愈”＋all“一切”→cure－all n.____________)
Day 5(合成动词类)
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (side“边” ＋ line“边线”→sideline v.____________)
2.(2024·全国甲卷)We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art－making activities. (show“显示”＋case“情况”→showcase v.____________)
3.(2023·全国乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. (sky“天空”＋rocket“火箭”→skyrocket v.____________)
4.(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick－started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (kick“踢”＋start“开始”→用脚启动→kick－start v.____________)
5.(2021·全国甲卷)It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. (black“黑色的”＋list“名单”→blacklist v.____________)
6.(2021·北京卷)One’s potential cannot always be underrated. (under－“不足；未”＋rate“评价，评估”→underrate v.____________)
7.(2021·北京卷)Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. (counter－“反对，对立”＋act“行为”→counteract v.____________)
Day 6(合成形容词类)
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye－catching features.(eye“眼” ＋ catch“吸引” ＋ －ing→eye－catching adj.____________)
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)They are becoming outdated.(out－“超过” ＋dated“过时的”→outdated adj.____________)
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. (old“古老的”＋fashion“时髦， 时尚”＋－ed→old－fashioned adj.____________)
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. (breath“呼吸”＋take“带走”＋－ing→breathtaking adj.____________)
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single－use plastic. (single“单个的”＋use“使用”→single－use adj.____________)
6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction－level event for humanity. (extinction“灭绝” ＋ level“水平， 等级”→extinction－level adj.____________)
7.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)It adopts a down－to－earth writing style. (down“向下” ＋ to“到”＋ earth“地球，大地”→down－to－earth adj.____________)
8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Visit during off－peak times.(off“离开”＋peak“高峰”→off－peak adj.______________)
9.(2024·全国甲卷)The Saint Lukas is one of five government－sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. (government“政府”＋sponsor“资助”＋－ed→government－sponsored adj.____________)
10.(2023·全国甲卷)It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (back“背部”＋break“使折断”＋－ing→backbreaking adj.____________)
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ground－breaking, five－year study shows that diet－related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
(①ground“地”＋break“打破”＋－ing→ground－breaking adj.____________ ②diet“日常饮食”＋related“相关的”→diet－related adj.____________)
12.(2022·全国甲卷)It’s jaw－dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away...
(jaw“下巴”＋drop“使掉下”＋－ing→jaw－dropping adj.____________)
13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands－free driving laws. (hand“手”＋free“自由的”→hands－free adj.____________)
14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) The second group did high－intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. (high“高的”＋intensity“强度”→high－intensity adj.____________)
15.(2022·全国乙卷)A hair－raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms. (hair“毛发”＋raise“使直立”＋－ing→hair－raising adj.____________)
16.(2022·全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. (high“高的”＋tension“电压”→high－tension adj.____________)
17.(2022·全国乙卷)Fruit juices, milk－based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax ... (milk“奶”＋－based“以……为重要部分的”→milk－based adj.____________)
18.(2022·全国乙卷)It is a short－sighted decision. (short“短的”＋－sighted“有……视力的”→short－sighted adj.____________)
19.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step to journey the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
(visually“视觉地”＋challenged“伤残的”→visually－challenged adj.____________)
Day 7(合成形容词类)
1.(2022·浙江1月卷)I’ve always been independent－spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals. (independent“独立的”＋－spirited“有某种精神的”→independent－spirited adj.______________)
2.(2022·浙江1月卷)She earns a basic and tax－free salary. (tax“税”＋－free“不收费”→tax－free adj.____________)
3.(2022·浙江6月卷)Markman also promotes off－task time. (off“不在……上，离开”＋task“任务”→off－task adj.____________)
4.(2022·天津6月卷)Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact ... (main“主要的”＋stream“溪流”→mainstream adj.____________)
5.(2022·北京卷)Peer (同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer－facilitated learning program available to students enrolled (注册) in most core units of study in our business school. (peer“同伴”＋facilitate“促进”＋－ed→peer－facilitated adj.____________)
6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It’s one of the best－rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. (best“最好”＋rate“评价，评估”＋－ed→best－rated adj.______________)
7.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Most page turners are piano students or up－and－coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. (up“向上”＋and＋coming“即将到来”→up－and－coming adj._____________)
8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill－based emotional intelligence. (skill“技能”＋－based“以……为基础的”→skill－based adj._____________)
9.(2021·浙江6月卷) Seeking other like－minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. (like“相似的”＋－minded“思维……的”→like－minded adj._____________)
10.(2021·浙江6月卷)Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. (down“顺着”＋stream“小河，溪”→downstream adj.____________)
11.(2021·北京卷)Of course, if you are a non－human species, collapse is well underway. (under“在……过程中”＋way“路线，道路”→underway adj.____________)
12.(天津3月卷)Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well－lived life. (well“好地”＋live“生活，过日子”＋－ed→well－lived adj.____________)
13.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one－off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. (one“一”＋off“不会再发生”→one－off adj.____________)
14.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt－free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them ...”(guilt“内疚，罪责”＋free“没有……的”→guilt－free adj.____________)
15.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)In this case, one of a realistic－looking ape. (realistic“逼真的，栩栩如生的”＋look“相貌”＋ing→realistic－looking adj.________________)
16.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)A group of sea－dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. (sea“海”＋dwell“居住”＋－ing→sea－dwelling adj.____________)
17.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well－rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. (well“非常”＋rounded“全面的”→well－rounded adj._______________)
18.(2020·北京卷)In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th－century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug－resistant virus. (drug“药”＋resistant“耐……的”→drug－resistant adj.____________)
Ⅱ.易错派生词
从近几年高考来看，语法填空的派生词主要考查较为陌生或者变形较为特殊的单词，所以考前对这部分单词应该多积累，掌握扎实，做到该题不失分。在阅读、完形等语篇中也含有大量的派生词，要学会根据词根和词缀猜测这些单词的含义。
一、名词后缀
(温馨提示：请格外注意加点单词。)
1.一不留神就会写错的名词
Group 1
curious→____________好奇，好奇心
generous→____________ 慷慨
recognize→____________ 认可
explain→____________ 说明，解释
consume→____________ 消费；消耗
assume→____________ 假定；设想
describe→____________ 描述，描写
pronounce→____________ 发音；读音
compete→____________ 竞争；比赛
qualify→____________ 资格
Group 2
apply→____________ 申请
tend→____________ 倾向
choose→____________ 选择
vary→____________ 种类；多样性
behave→____________ 行为
respond→____________ 回应
believe→____________ 信念
relieve→____________ 宽慰；减轻
analyze→____________ 分析
apologize→____________ 道歉
anxious→____________ 焦虑
various→____________ 种类；多样性
Group 3
solve→____________ 解决办法
introduce→____________ 介绍
produce→____________ 生产
reduce→____________ 减少
applaud→____________ 鼓掌
emphasize→____________ 强调
lose→____________ 失去
succeed→____________ 成功
laugh→____________ 笑
complain→____________ 抱怨
sell→____________ 销售
weigh→____________ 重量
compare→____________ 比较
serve→____________ 服务
2.动词变名词的后缀
(1)后缀－ment
a.直接加－ment
develop→development 发展
equip→equipment 设备
employ→employment 雇用
treat→treatment 对待；治疗
entertain→entertainment 款待；娱乐
agree→agreement 同意
assess→assessment 评估
astonish→astonishment 吃惊
punish→punishment 惩罚
adjust→adjustment 调整
disappoint→disappointment 失望
b.以e结尾的不去e，直接加－ment
amaze→____________ 惊奇
achieve→____________ 功绩；成就
advertise→____________ 广告
arrange→____________ 安排
improve→____________ 改进
require→____________ 要求
announce→____________ 通告
encourage→____________ 鼓舞
involve→____________ 参与
manage→____________ 管理
move→____________ 移动
retire→____________ 退休
settle→____________ 定居；定居处
state→____________ 声明；陈述
·argue→argument 辩论；论据
·judge→judg(e)ment 意见；判断力
(2)后缀－ion
a.直接加－ion
attract→attraction 吸引
construct→construction 建设
select→selection 选择
reflect→reflection 反映； 思考
exhibit→exhibition 展览，展出
interrupt→interruption 打断
connect→connection 连接
inspect→inspection 检查； 视察
instruct→instruction 教导
react→reaction 反应
discuss→discussion 讨论
b.去e加－ion
indicate→indication 象征；迹象
participate→participation 参加
calculate→calculation 计算
appreciate→appreciation 欣赏；感激
associate→association 联想；协会
separate→separation 分离
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
congratulate→congratulation 祝贺
accumulate→accumulation 积累
accelerate→acceleration 加速
c.去e加－ion
donate→donation 捐赠
motivate→motivation 动力
concentrate→concentration 集中
frustrate→frustration 沮丧
contribute→contribution 贡献
distribute→distribution 分发
promote→promotion 促进
devote→devotion 奉献
communicate→communication 交流
locate→location 地点；定位
d.去e加－ion
pollute→pollution 污染
hesitate→hesitation 犹豫
decorate→decoration 装饰
operate→operation 操作
educate→education 教育
evaluate→evaluation 评估
graduate→graduation 毕业
(3)后缀－(a)tion
a.直接加－ation
expect→____________ 期待；期望
consider→____________ 考虑
relax→____________ 放松；休闲
recommend→____________ 推荐
interpret→____________ 解释，说明
transport→____________ 运输
tempt→____________ 诱惑
adapt→____________ 适应；改编本
found→____________ 创立
confirm→____________ 确认
b.去e加－ation
conserve→____________ 保护
observe→____________ 观察
organize→____________ 组织
civilize→____________ 文明
realize→____________ 认识
examine→____________ 考试
determine→____________ 决定
invite→____________ 邀请
admire→____________ 钦佩；羡慕；欣赏
c.去e加－ation
explore→____________ 探索
declare→____________ 宣布
inspire→____________ 灵感
imagine→____________ 想象力
starve→____________ 挨饿
combine→____________ 结合
reserve→____________ 预定， 预约
prepare→____________ 准备
preserve→____________ 保存
·occupy→____________ 工作，职业；占领
(4)后缀－(s)sion
规则：－de/d/t→(s)sion
conclude→____________ 结论
decide→____________ 决定
divide→____________ 分配
explode→____________ 爆炸
extend→____________ 扩大，延伸
expand→____________ 扩张
admit→____________ 承认；准许入学
permit→____________ 许可
submit→____________ 提交
emit→____________ 排放
transmit→____________ 传送；传播
(5)后缀－ance
appear→appearance 出现；外貌
perform→performance 表演；节目
assist→assistance 帮助，援助
accept→acceptance 接受
resist→resistance 抵制
annoy→annoyance 生气， 烦恼
·guide→guidance 指引；指导
·enter→entrance 进入
·tolerate→tolerance 容忍
(6)后缀－ence
exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
refer→reference 参考；查阅
differ→difference 不同
·occur→occurrence 发生
(7)后缀－al(去e加－al)
approve→____________ 赞成；批准
arrive→____________ 到来；到达
survive→____________ 幸存
revive→____________ 复兴；复苏
propose→____________ 提议；建议
refuse→____________ 拒绝
·sign→____________ 信号
(8)后缀－ure/－ture
press→____________ 压力
depart→____________ 离开；出发
fail→____________ 失败
mix→____________ 混合；混合物
·please→____________ 愉快
·expose→____________ 暴露
(9)后缀－y
discover→____________ 发现
deliver→____________ 递送
recover→____________ 恢复；痊愈
·injure→____________ 伤害；伤处
·sympathize→____________ 同情
(10)后缀－age
pack→____________ 包裹
pass→____________ 段落；通道
·marry→____________ 婚姻
·store→____________ 储存
【注意】 形容词＋－age
short→shortage 不足；短缺
3.形容词变名词的后缀
(1)后缀－y
difficult→____________ 困难
honest→____________ 诚实
modest→____________ 谦虚
·brave→____________ 勇敢
(2)后缀－ness
a.直接加－ness
rich→richness 丰富
damp→dampness 潮湿；湿气
complete→completeness 完整；完全
tired→tiredness 疲劳；疲倦
aware→awareness 意识；明白，知道
conscious→consciousness 意识
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
dark→darkness 黑暗
eager→eagerness 渴望
helpless→helplessness 无助
kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
quiet→quietness 安静
sad→sadness 伤心
weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点
fit→fitness 健康；适合
careful→carefulness 细心
willing→willingness 乐意，意愿
shy→shyness 羞怯
sick→sickness 疾病
ill→illness 疾病
bitter→bitterness 苦难
b.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加－ness
happy→____________ 幸福
lazy→____________ 怠惰；无精打采
lonely→____________ 孤独
crazy→____________ 疯狂
busy→____________ 商业；生意
friendly→____________ 友好
(3)后缀－th
strong→____________ 力气；强项
warm→____________ 温暖；热情
young→____________ 年轻人
dead→____________ 死亡
true→____________ 真实
wide→____________ 宽度
deep→____________ 深度
long→____________ 长度
【注意】 动词＋－th
grow→growth 成长
(4)后缀－ce
a.－t变为－ce
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
confident→confidence 自信心
different→difference 不同
evident→evidence 证据
patient→patience 耐心
silent→silence 沉默
important→importance 重要性
b.－t变为－ce
significant→significance 重要性
convenient→convenience 方便
indifferent→indifference 漠不关心
diligent→diligence 勤奋
violent→violence 暴力
distant→distance 远处；距离
independent→independence 独立
innocent→innocence 天真；无辜
intelligent→intelligence 智力
excellent→excellence 优秀
(5)后缀－dom
free→freedom 自由；自主
wise→wisdom 明智；智慧
【注意】 有些“名词＋－dom”表示“领域，界”
king→kingdom 王国；领域
film→filmdom 电影界
(6)后缀－ty
certain→____________ 必然的事
cruel→____________ 残酷；残暴
safe→____________ 安全
loyal→____________ 忠诚
(7)后缀－ity
a.直接加－ity
real→____________ 现实
equal→____________ 平等
popular→____________ 流行
familiar→____________ 熟悉
minor→____________ 少数
major→____________ 多数
·active→____________ 活动
·sincere→____________ 真诚
·secure→____________ 安全
·necessary→____________ 必要性
b.－ble变为－bility
able→____________ 能力
disable→____________ 无能；残疾
capable→____________ 能力
responsible→____________ 责任
possible→____________ 可能性
probable→____________ 可能性
stable→____________ 稳定性
reliable→____________ 可靠性
(8)后缀－cy(－t/－te→－cy)
proficient→____________ 熟练；精通
efficient→____________ 效率；功效
fluent→____________ 流利；流畅
frequent→____________ 频繁
urgent→____________ 紧急
private→____________ 隐私；私密
accurate→____________ 准确性
4.变成“人”的名词后缀
在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：
(1)后缀－er
a.直接加－er
report→reporter 记者
research→researcher 研究者
perform→performer 表演者
design→designer 设计师
suffer→sufferer 患病者
support→supporter 支持者
discover→discoverer 发现者
work→worker 工人
·clean→cleaner 清洁工；清洁剂
·law→lawyer 律师
b.以－e结尾的直接加－r；重读闭音节结尾的双写其辅音字母再加－er
advise→adviser 顾问
examine→examiner 主考人；审查人
observe→observer 观察者
strange→stranger 陌生人
consume→consumer 消费者
begin→beginner 初学者， 新手
run→runner 跑步的人
win→winner 获胜者
(2)后缀－or(以－e结尾的去e加－or)
invent→inventor 发明者
visit→visitor 游客
direct→director 导演
sail→sailor 海员
conduct→conductor 售票员；指挥
instruct→instructor 指导者
compete→competitor 参赛者
operate→operator 经营者；操作员
survive→survivor 幸存者
translate→translator 翻译家
(3)后缀－ee
employ→employee 雇员
interview→interviewee 参加面试者
train→trainee 受训者；实习生
(4)后缀－ian
music→____________ 音乐家
politics→____________ 政治家
physics→____________ 内科医生
history→____________ 历史学家
library→____________ 图书管理员
(5)后缀－ist(以－e结尾的去e加－ist)
art→artist 艺术家
science→scientist 科学家
novel→novelist 小说家
special→specialist 专家
cycle→cyclist 骑自行车的人
type→typist 打字员
·piano→pianist 钢琴家
·chemistry→chemist 化学家；药剂师
(6)后缀－ant
serve→____________ 仆人
participate→____________ 参加者
assist→____________ 助手；售货员
apply→____________ 申请人
【注意】 有些－er/－or结尾的单词表示物。
contain→container 容器
cook→cooker 炊具
draw→drawer 抽屉
dry→drier/dryer 干燥剂；干燥机
sharpen→sharpener 铅笔刀
shave→shaver 电动剃须刀
calculate→calculator 计算器
tract→tractor 拖拉机
type→typewriter 打字机
二、形容词后缀
1.后缀－able
(1)能……的；可……的
respect→____________ 值得尊敬的
accept→____________ 可接受的
adapt→____________ 能适应的
adjust→____________ 可调节的
afford→____________ 负担得起的
renew→____________ 可更新的
predict→____________ 可预见的
avoid→____________ 可避免的
control→____________ 可控制的
detect→____________ 可发现的
bear→____________ 可忍受的
·notice→____________ 显著的
·rely→____________ 可信赖的；可依靠的
·admire→____________ 可钦佩的
(2)具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
suit→suitable 合适的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
reason→reasonable 合理的
knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的
change→changeable 多变的
agree→agreeable 愉悦的
favor→favorable 有利的
·value→valuable 宝贵的
2.后缀－ible
horror→____________ 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→____________ 可怕的；糟糕的
access→____________ 易得到的；易使用的
vision→____________ 看得见的
3.后缀－ful/－less
(1)直接加－ful
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thought→thoughtful 周到的；深思的
peace→peaceful 和平的
success→successful 成功的
color→colorful 多彩的
event→eventful 多变故的；充满大事的
thank→thankful 感激的
delight→delightful 使人快乐的
joy→joyful 高兴的
regret→regretful 后悔的
faith→faithful 忠实的
(2)词尾变形后加－ful；直接加－less
plenty→plentiful 充足的
gratitude→grateful 感激的
end→endless 无休止的
home→homeless 无家可归的
aim→aimless 无目标的
wire→wireless 无线的
limit→limitless 无限的
price→priceless 珍贵的；无价的
speech→speechless 无语的
(3)成串记词
breath→breathless上气不接下气的
value/worth→valueless/worthless无价值的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的；无恶意的
help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的；无能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的；无效的
power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的
care→careful 小心的→careless 粗心的
fruit→fruitful 成果丰硕的→fruitless 无成效的
4.后缀－ive
act→____________ 积极的；活跃的
attract→____________ 有吸引力的
effect→____________ 有效的
instruct→____________ 有教育意义的
impress→____________ 给人深刻印象的
create→____________ 创造性的
produce→____________ 多产的
relate→____________ 相关联的
·talk→____________ 健谈的
·compete→____________ 有竞争力的
5.后缀－ous
danger→____________ 危险的
humor→____________ 幽默的
mountain→____________ 多山的
poison→____________ 有毒的
continue→____________ 不断的；持续的
adventure→____________ 爱冒险的
nerve→____________ 紧张的
·disaster→____________ 灾难性的
·generosity→____________ 慷慨的
·religion→____________ 宗教的
6.后缀－ious
glory→____________ 光荣的；壮丽的
envy→____________ 忌妒的
mystery→____________ 神秘的
anxiety→____________ 忧虑的
caution→____________ 十分小心的；谨慎的
curiosity→____________ 好奇的
ambition→____________ 有抱负的
suspicion→____________ 可疑的
nutrition→____________ 有营养的
space→____________ 宽敞的
7.后缀－y
(1)直接加－y；去e加－y；－er变成－ry
smell→____________ 有难闻气味的
luck→____________ 幸运的
health→____________ 健康的
salt→____________ 咸的
sleep→____________ 昏昏欲睡的
thirst→____________ 口渴的
greed→____________ 贪婪的
wealth→____________ 富裕的；丰富的
guilt→____________ 内疚的
·taste→____________ 美味的；可口的
·anger→____________ 生气的
·hunger→____________ 饥饿的
(2)表示“天气”和“环境”
frost→____________ 严寒的；霜冻的
cloud→____________ 多云的
wind→____________ 多风的
rain→____________ 多雨的
ice→____________ 冰冻的；冰冷的
snow→____________ 多雪的
mist→____________ 多雾的
fog→____________ 有雾的
sun→____________ 阳光充足的
mud→____________ 泥泞的
dirt→____________ 脏的
dust→____________ 布满灰尘的
mess→____________ 凌乱的
noise→____________ 嘈杂的；喧闹的
8.后缀－al
(1)直接加－al
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的；独创的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
tradition→traditional 传统的
option→optional 可选择的；选修的
profession→professional 专业的；职业的
addition→additional 附加的；额外的
nation→national 国家的
education→educational 有教育意义的
region→regional 地区的
season→seasonal 季节性的
condition→conditional 条件的
·class→classical 经典的
(2)去－e加－al或其他情况
globe→global 全球的
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
practice→practical 实际的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
·center→central 中央的；中心的
·grammar→grammatical 语法的
9.后缀－ial
face→____________ 面部的
office→____________ 官方的；公务的
finance→____________ 金融的
race→____________ 种族的
commerce→____________ 商业的
·benefit→____________ 有益的
·industry→____________ 工业的
10.后缀－ic
science→____________ 科学的
economy→____________ 经济的
history→____________ 历史上著名的
class→____________ 经典的
system→____________ 系统的
drama→____________ 戏剧的；巨大的
romance→____________ 浪漫的
sympathy→____________ 有同情心的
energy→____________ 精力充沛的
11.后缀－en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
12.后缀－ly
friend→friendly 友好的
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活跃的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
order→orderly 有秩序的
·day→daily 每日的；日常的
13.后缀－ed
balance→balanced 平衡的
gift→gifted 有天赋的
talent→talented 有天赋的
crowd→crowded 拥挤的
·spot→spotted 有斑点的
14.后缀－some
hand→handsome 英俊的
awe→awesome 敬畏的
trouble→troublesome 令人烦恼的
tire→tiresome 讨厌的
三、副词后缀
1.形容词词尾直接加－ly
hopeful→hopefully 有希望地
bright→brightly 明亮地
casual→casually 随意地
correct→correctly 正确地
general→generally 普遍地
particular→particularly 尤其
proper→properly 恰当地
main→mainly 主要地
normal→normally 正常地
real→really 真正地
rapid→rapidly 快速地
2.以“辅音字母＋－y”结尾的，要变y为i，再加－ly
happy→____________ 高兴地
busy→____________ 繁忙地
angry→____________ 生气地
easy→____________ 容易地
greedy→____________ 贪婪地
heavy→____________ 在很大程度上
healthy→____________ 健康地
noisy→____________ 吵闹地
lucky→____________ 幸运地
3.大部分以e结尾的形容词不去e，直接加－ly
immediate→immediately 立刻地
fortunate→fortunately 幸运地
entire→entirely 完全地，彻底地
wide→widely 广泛地
absolute→absolutely 绝对地；完全地
polite→politely 有礼貌地；客气地
wise→wisely 明智地；聪明地；精明地
huge→hugely 极其；非常
expensive→expensively 昂贵地
sincere→sincerely 真诚地
extreme→extremely 极度，非常
·true→truly 真正地
·whole→wholly 完全地
4.以－le结尾的形容词去e加－y
simple→____________ 简单地；仅仅
gentle→____________ 轻轻地；温柔地
terrible→____________ 非常，很；极度地
possible→____________ 可能地；也许
probable→____________ 大概；或许
comfortable→____________ 舒服地；安乐地
5.以－ic结尾的形容词加－ally
specific→specifically 专门地；明确地
basic→basically 主要地；基本上
dramatic→dramatically 显著地；戏剧性地
scientific→scientifically 系统地；合乎科学地
academic→academically 学术上；学业上
historic→historically 关于历史事件，从历史观点上说
classic→classically 传统地；典雅地
enthusiastic→enthusiastically 热情地
economic→economically 经济地
automatic→automatically 自动地
energetic→energetically 精力充沛地
【注意】 public→publicly 当众地
6.特殊情况
shy→shyly 害羞地
dry→dryly 干燥地
full→fully 充分地
dull→dully 迟钝地；沉闷地
四、动词前缀或后缀
1.前缀en－
able→enable 使能够
large→enlarge 扩大
rich→enrich 充实；使丰富
danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage 鼓励
2.后缀－en
broad→broaden 变宽
ripe→ripen (使)成熟
sharp→sharpen (使)变得锋利
wide→widen 加宽
short→shorten (使)变短
straight→straighten (使)变直
deep→deepen 加深
strength→strengthen 加强
length→lengthen (使)变长
dark→darken (使)变暗
hard→harden (使)变硬
soft→soften (使)变软
damp→dampen 使潮湿
fright→frighten 使惊吓
bright→brighten (使)更明亮
threat→threaten 威胁
3.后缀－ify
class→classify 把……分类
just→justify 证明……正确
simple→simplify 简化
beauty→beautify 美化
identity→identify 识别
quality→qualify 使具备资格
diversity→diversify (使)多样化
4.后缀－ize
apology→apologize 道歉
emphasis→emphasize 强调
memory→memorize 记住
real→realize 认识到；实现
modern→modernize 使现代化
symbol→symbolize 象征；代表
normal→normalize 使正常化
standard→standardize 使标准化
Ⅲ.多变动词形式
一、动词四种形式变化规则
第三人称单数 现在分词 过去式和过去分词
一般规则 加－s 加－ing 加－ed
特殊规则 1.原形动词词尾为ch，sh，o，s，x，加－es。如：fix→fixes，teach→teaches，wash→washes 2.原形动词词尾为“辅音字母＋－y”时，去y后加“－ies”；若是“元音字母＋－y”，只加“－s”。如：study→studies，say→says 1.原形动词以不发音的“－e”结尾时，去“－e” 后加“－ing”。如：live→living，make→making 2.原形动词词尾为“－ie”时，先把“－ie”改为“－y”后加“－ing”。如：lie→lying，die→dying，tie→tying 3.原形动词词尾为“元音＋l/r”并为重读音节时，常双写词尾字母后再加“－ing”。如：travel→travelling/traveling，prefer→preferring，refer→referring 4.原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母后再加“－ing”(字母组合除外)。如：plan→planning，get→getting，stop→stopping。注意：show，grow，draw，blow，know，flow等不用双写。 1.原形动词词尾为“e”时，加“－d”。如：live→lived，like→liked 2.原形动词词尾为“辅音字母＋y”时，去“－y”后加“－ied”；若词尾为“元音字母＋y”，只加“－ed”。如：study→studied，play→played 3.原形动词词尾为“元音＋l/r”并为重读音节时，常双写词尾字母后再加“－ed”。如：prefer→preferred 4.原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母后再加“－ed”。如：chat→chatted，beg→begged，stop→stopped
二、动词过去式和过去分词的不规则变化
1.AAA型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 bet
2 broadcast
3 bid
4 burst
5 cast
6 cost
7 cut
8 forecast
9 hit
10 hurt
11 let
12 put
13 quit
14 read
15 rid
16 set
17 shut
18 spit
19 split
20 spread
21 sweat
22 thrust
23 upset
24 wed
25 wet
2.AAB型
原形 过去式 过去分词
beat
3.ABA型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 come
2 become
3 overcome
4 run
4.ABB型
(1)在原形动词后面加字母－ed或字母－d或字母－t构成过去式、过去分词
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 bless
2 hear
3 burn
4 learn
5 dream
6 mean
7 lean
8 leap
9 spoil
10 deal
(2)把原形动词的最后一个辅音字母d改成t
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 build
2 rebuild
3 lend
4 send
5 spend
6 bend
(3)原形动词中有a则改为aught，无a则改为ought
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 catch
2 teach
3 buy
4 bring
5 fight
6 seek
7 think
(4)把－eel、－ell改成－elt
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 feel
2 kneel
3 smell
4 spell
(5)去掉一个e或去掉一个a或去掉一个o
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 feed
2 meet
3 speed
4 bleed
5 breed
6 lead
7 mislead
8 shoot
(6)改变元音字母(a或i变为u；i或e变为o)
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 dig
2 hang
3 spin
4 stick
5 sting
6 swing
7 shine
8 win
9 get
(7)－eep变为－ept
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 keep
2 sleep
3 oversleep
4 creep
5 weep
6 sweep
(8)－ay变为－aid，－ell变为－old，－and变为－ood，－ind变为－ound
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 pay
2 repay
3 lay
4 say
5 sell
6 tell
7 retell
8 foretell
9 stand
10 understand
11 misunderstand
12 find
13 wind
(9)其他
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 have
2 leave
3 light
4 lose
5 make
6 slide
7 spill
5.ABC型
(1)原形动词后加－n或－en构成过去分词
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 draw
2 withdraw
3 sew
4 show
5 take
6 overtake
7 mistake
8 undertake
9 shave
10 saw
11 sow
12 shake
13 see
14 foresee
15 eat
16 fall
17 give
18 forgive
19 drive
20 rise
21 arise
22 ride
23 write
24 forbid
(2)过去式加－n或双写最后一个字母加－en构成过去分词
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 break
2 speak
3 freeze
4 wake
5 weave
6 awake
7 choose
8 steal
9 forget
10 hide
(3)ow－ew－own型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 blow
2 grow
3 know
4 throw
5 overthrow
(4)i－a－u型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 begin
2 shrink
3 drink
4 ring
5 sink
6 sing
7 swim
8 spring
(5)ear－ore－orn型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 bear
2 tear
3 wear
4 swear
(6)其他
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 be(am，is)
2 be(are)
3 do
4 go
5 lie
6 fly
Ⅰ.近5年高考考过的派生词、合成词
Day 1(词缀派生类)
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (en－ “使成为某种状态”＋danger“危险； 风险”＋－ed→endangered adj. ____________)
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)UPCOMING EVENTS (up“向上”＋come“来； 来到”＋－ing→upcoming adj.____________)
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.(member “成员； 会员”＋－ship“集体；状态”→membership n.____________)
4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. (multi－ “很多”＋task “任务”→multitask v. ____________)
5.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.(bio－ “生命；生物”＋diversity“多样性”→biodiversity n. ____________)
6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本).(out－“胜过、超过” ＋number“数目， 数量”→outnumber v. ____________)
7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it. (likely“可能的” ＋－hood“表示‘情况，状态；性质等’”→likelihood n. ____________)
8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well－sampled.(over－ “过度；过分”＋sample “样品；标本”→oversample v.___________________)
9.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.(de－ “去掉” ＋motivate “作为……的动力；使具有……的动机”→demotivate v. ____________)
10.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. (environment “环境”＋－al“与……有关的”＋－ist“从事某种职业的人”→environmentalist n.____________)
11.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. (in－ “不；无；非”＋appropriate“合适的”＋－ly→inappropriately adv.____________)
12.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.(photograph“拍照”＋－y→photography n.____________)
13.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit (ride“乘坐， 搭乘”＋－er“做某事的人” ＋－ship“集体”→ridership n.____________)
14.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)How are the stories categorized in the kiosk？(category“种类， 类别”＋－ize→categorize v.____________)
15.(2024·全国甲卷)Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. (modern“现代的”＋－ize＋－ation→modernization n.____________)
16.(2024·全国甲卷)For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).(re－“再；重复；重新” ＋fuel“燃料”→refuel v.____________)
17.(2024·全国甲卷)You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. (un－＋predict“预料”＋－able→unpredictable adj.____________)
18.(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant－free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.(attract“吸引”＋－ant＋－free“没有……的”→attractant－free adj.____________)
19.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(cor－“和……一道/一起”＋relate“有联系的”→correlate v.____________)
20.(2023·全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de－list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.(de－“除掉，去掉”＋list“名单，清单”→de－list v.____________)
Day 2(词缀派生类)
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.(im－“不，非”＋perfect“完美的”＋－ion→imperfection n.____________)
2.(2022·天津6月卷)In the fictional worlds of film and TV artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. (in－“不，非”＋distinguishable“可辨认的”→indistinguishable adj.____________)
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)...we find today is the product of a complex interplays of things like biological change and cultural evolution...(inter－“在……之间”＋play“作用，影响”→interplay n.____________)
4.(2022·浙江6月卷)In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. (multi－“多个”＋culture“文化”＋－al→multicultural adj.____________)
5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Participation in a post－visit survey is required. (post－“后，以后”＋visit“访问”→post－visit adj.____________)
6.(2022·全国乙卷)Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15.There is no re－admission. (re－“再，回”＋admission“进入”→re－admission n.________________)
7.(2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self－employed pet transport specialist. (self－“自身的，对自身”＋employ“雇用”＋－ed→self－employed adj.____________)
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We waste food unintentionally at times. (un－“非，不”＋intentionally“故意地”→unintentionally adv.____________)
9.(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people ...inviting twenty－nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty－six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. (un－“非，不”＋interrupt“打断”＋－ed→uninterrupted adj.____________)
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
(①un－“未，不”＋protect“保护”＋－ed→unprotected adj.____________ ②in－“不，非”＋consistency“一致性”→inconsistency n.____________)
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
(un－“非，不”＋thinking“思想的，有思考力的”＋－ly→unthinkingly adv.____________)
12.(2022·浙江6月卷)High conscientiousness is related to low job performance...(conscientious“勤勉认真的”＋－ness→conscientiousness n._____________)
13.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re－evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. (①function“功能”＋－al＋－ity→functionality n.____________ ②adapt“适应”＋－ive＋－ly→adaptively adv.____________)
14.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. (popular“普遍的，流行的”＋－ize＋－ation→popularization n.____________)
15.(2021·北京卷)Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet... (concept“概念”＋－ual＋－ize“使……化”→conceptualize v._____________)
Day 3(词缀派生类)
1.(2021·全国乙卷)The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant；however, the participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups. (①in－“不，非”＋significant“重要的”→insignificant adj.____________ ②out－“超过”＋perform“做，表现”→outperform v.____________)
2.(2021·天津 3月卷)We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. (inter－“相互”＋connect“联系”＋－ed＋－ness→interconnectedness n.____________)
3.(2021·北京卷)The clock registers both short－term irregularities and long trends in river dynamics.(ir－“不，非”＋regular“有规律的”＋－ity→irregularity n.____________)
4.(2021·浙江6月卷)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.(ir－“不，非”＋resistible“可抗拒的”→irresistible adj.____________)
5.(2021·浙江1月卷)Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non－verbal communication. (non－“无，没有”＋verbal“言语的”→non－verbal adj._____________)
6.(2021·全国甲卷)When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief — they were unacknowleged and rejected by others. (un－“非，不”＋acknowledge“认可，承认”＋－ed→unacknowledged adj.____________)
7.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. (un－“非，不”＋disturb“干扰”＋－ed→undisturbed adj.____________)
8.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. (dis－“不，非，相反”＋qualify“使取得资格”＋－cation→disqualification n.____________)
9.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？(em－“使处于某种状态”＋power“能量”→empower. v.____________)
10.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Four years ago they all moved into a three－storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. (multi－“多个”＋generation“一代人”＋－al→multigenerational adj._____________)
11.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off－set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. (off－“不在……上，离开”＋set“舞台，摄影场”→off－set adj. ____________)
12.(2020·北京卷)Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. (out－“超越，超过”＋pace“速度”→outpace v.____________)
13.(2020·天津卷)This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”. (re－“再，又，重新”＋define“定义”→redefine v.____________)
14.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self－powered street lamps. (self－“自己”＋power“驱动”＋－ed→self－powered adj.____________)
15.(2020·北京卷)In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra－intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” (ultra－“极，超过某限度”＋intelligent“智能的”→ultra－intelligent adj.____________)
Day 4(合成名词类)
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.(data“数据” ＋ set“套；组；集”→dataset n.____________)
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. (spell“拼写”＋checker“检查程序”＋－er→spellchecker n.____________)
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. (sun“太阳”＋screen“掩护物”→sunscreen n.____________)
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (road“路” ＋ map“地图”→roadmap n.____________)
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (down“向下” ＋ fall“降落， 落下”→downfall n.____________)
6.(2024·全国甲卷)Then create your own masterpiece! [master“大师”＋piece“(文章、艺术品、音乐作品的)一件，一篇，一首”→masterpiece n._______________]
7.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (spring“跳”＋board“板”→springboard n.____________)
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today. (hunter“狩猎者”＋gatherer“采集者”→hunter－gatherer n.____________)
9.(2022·全国甲卷)Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape－recognition abilities to a human two－year－old. (shape“形状”＋recognition“识别”→shape－recognition n.____________)
10.(2022·全国甲卷)Where trial－and－error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. (trial“试验”＋and＋error“错误”→trial－and－error n.____________)
11.(2022·浙江1月卷)The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. (down“向下”＋turn“转变”→downturn n.____________)
12.(2022·浙江6月卷)The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go－getter... (go“去”＋getter“获得者”＋er→go－getter n.____________)
13.(2022·北京卷)He was treated for frostbite on his hands. (frost“严寒天气”＋bite“咬”→frostbite n.____________)
14.(2021·天津3月卷)The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. (draw“拉”＋back“向后”→扯后腿的事物→drawback n.____________)
15.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. (stand“站”＋point“地点”→standpoint n.____________)
16.(2020·浙江卷)For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure－all for jammed roadways. (cure“治愈”＋all“一切”→cure－all n.____________)
Day 5(合成动词类)
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (side“边” ＋ line“边线”→sideline v.____________)
2.(2024·全国甲卷)We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art－making activities. (show“显示”＋case“情况”→showcase v.____________)
3.(2023·全国乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. (sky“天空”＋rocket“火箭”→skyrocket v.____________)
4.(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick－started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (kick“踢”＋start“开始”→用脚启动→kick－start v.____________)
5.(2021·全国甲卷)It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. (black“黑色的”＋list“名单”→blacklist v.____________)
6.(2021·北京卷)One’s potential cannot always be underrated. (under－“不足；未”＋rate“评价，评估”→underrate v.____________)
7.(2021·北京卷)Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. (counter－“反对，对立”＋act“行为”→counteract v.____________)
Day 6(合成形容词类)
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye－catching features.(eye“眼” ＋ catch“吸引” ＋ －ing→eye－catching adj.____________)
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)They are becoming outdated.(out－“超过” ＋dated“过时的”→outdated adj.____________)
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. (old“古老的”＋fashion“时髦， 时尚”＋－ed→old－fashioned adj.____________)
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. (breath“呼吸”＋take“带走”＋－ing→breathtaking adj.____________)
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single－use plastic. (single“单个的”＋use“使用”→single－use adj.____________)
6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction－level event for humanity. (extinction“灭绝” ＋ level“水平， 等级”→extinction－level adj.____________)
7.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)It adopts a down－to－earth writing style. (down“向下” ＋ to“到”＋ earth“地球，大地”→down－to－earth adj.____________)
8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Visit during off－peak times.(off“离开”＋peak“高峰”→off－peak adj.______________)
9.(2024·全国甲卷)The Saint Lukas is one of five government－sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. (government“政府”＋sponsor“资助”＋－ed→government－sponsored adj.____________)
10.(2023·全国甲卷)It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (back“背部”＋break“使折断”＋－ing→backbreaking adj.____________)
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ground－breaking, five－year study shows that diet－related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
(①ground“地”＋break“打破”＋－ing→ground－breaking adj.____________ ②diet“日常饮食”＋related“相关的”→diet－related adj.____________)
12.(2022·全国甲卷)It’s jaw－dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away...
(jaw“下巴”＋drop“使掉下”＋－ing→jaw－dropping adj.____________)
13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands－free driving laws. (hand“手”＋free“自由的”→hands－free adj.____________)
14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) The second group did high－intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. (high“高的”＋intensity“强度”→high－intensity adj.____________)
15.(2022·全国乙卷)A hair－raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms. (hair“毛发”＋raise“使直立”＋－ing→hair－raising adj.____________)
16.(2022·全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. (high“高的”＋tension“电压”→high－tension adj.____________)
17.(2022·全国乙卷)Fruit juices, milk－based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax ... (milk“奶”＋－based“以……为重要部分的”→milk－based adj.____________)
18.(2022·全国乙卷)It is a short－sighted decision. (short“短的”＋－sighted“有……视力的”→short－sighted adj.____________)
19.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step to journey the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
(visually“视觉地”＋challenged“伤残的”→visually－challenged adj.____________)
Day 7(合成形容词类)
1.(2022·浙江1月卷)I’ve always been independent－spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals. (independent“独立的”＋－spirited“有某种精神的”→independent－spirited adj.______________)
2.(2022·浙江1月卷)She earns a basic and tax－free salary. (tax“税”＋－free“不收费”→tax－free adj.____________)
3.(2022·浙江6月卷)Markman also promotes off－task time. (off“不在……上，离开”＋task“任务”→off－task adj.____________)
4.(2022·天津6月卷)Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact ... (main“主要的”＋stream“溪流”→mainstream adj.____________)
5.(2022·北京卷)Peer (同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer－facilitated learning program available to students enrolled (注册) in most core units of study in our business school. (peer“同伴”＋facilitate“促进”＋－ed→peer－facilitated adj.____________)
6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It’s one of the best－rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. (best“最好”＋rate“评价，评估”＋－ed→best－rated adj.______________)
7.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Most page turners are piano students or up－and－coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. (up“向上”＋and＋coming“即将到来”→up－and－coming adj._____________)
8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill－based emotional intelligence. (skill“技能”＋－based“以……为基础的”→skill－based adj._____________)
9.(2021·浙江6月卷) Seeking other like－minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. (like“相似的”＋－minded“思维……的”→like－minded adj._____________)
10.(2021·浙江6月卷)Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. (down“顺着”＋stream“小河，溪”→downstream adj.____________)
11.(2021·北京卷)Of course, if you are a non－human species, collapse is well underway. (under“在……过程中”＋way“路线，道路”→underway adj.____________)
12.(天津3月卷)Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well－lived life. (well“好地”＋live“生活，过日子”＋－ed→well－lived adj.____________)
13.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one－off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. (one“一”＋off“不会再发生”→one－off adj.____________)
14.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt－free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them ...”(guilt“内疚，罪责”＋free“没有……的”→guilt－free adj.____________)
15.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)In this case, one of a realistic－looking ape. (realistic“逼真的，栩栩如生的”＋look“相貌”＋ing→realistic－looking adj.________________)
16.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)A group of sea－dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. (sea“海”＋dwell“居住”＋－ing→sea－dwelling adj.____________)
17.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well－rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. (well“非常”＋rounded“全面的”→well－rounded adj._______________)
18.(2020·北京卷)In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th－century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug－resistant virus. (drug“药”＋resistant“耐……的”→drug－resistant adj.____________)
Ⅱ.易错派生词
从近几年高考来看，语法填空的派生词主要考查较为陌生或者变形较为特殊的单词，所以考前对这部分单词应该多积累，掌握扎实，做到该题不失分。在阅读、完形等语篇中也含有大量的派生词，要学会根据词根和词缀猜测这些单词的含义。
一、名词后缀
(温馨提示：请格外注意加点单词。)
1.一不留神就会写错的名词
Group 1
curious→____________好奇，好奇心
generous→____________ 慷慨
recognize→____________ 认可
explain→____________ 说明，解释
consume→____________ 消费；消耗
assume→____________ 假定；设想
describe→____________ 描述，描写
pronounce→____________ 发音；读音
compete→____________ 竞争；比赛
qualify→____________ 资格
Group 2
apply→____________ 申请
tend→____________ 倾向
choose→____________ 选择
vary→____________ 种类；多样性
behave→____________ 行为
respond→____________ 回应
believe→____________ 信念
relieve→____________ 宽慰；减轻
analyze→____________ 分析
apologize→____________ 道歉
anxious→____________ 焦虑
various→____________ 种类；多样性
Group 3
solve→____________ 解决办法
introduce→____________ 介绍
produce→____________ 生产
reduce→____________ 减少
applaud→____________ 鼓掌
emphasize→____________ 强调
lose→____________ 失去
succeed→____________ 成功
laugh→____________ 笑
complain→____________ 抱怨
sell→____________ 销售
weigh→____________ 重量
compare→____________ 比较
serve→____________ 服务
2.动词变名词的后缀
(1)后缀－ment
a.直接加－ment
develop→development 发展
equip→equipment 设备
employ→employment 雇用
treat→treatment 对待；治疗
entertain→entertainment 款待；娱乐
agree→agreement 同意
assess→assessment 评估
astonish→astonishment 吃惊
punish→punishment 惩罚
adjust→adjustment 调整
disappoint→disappointment 失望
b.以e结尾的不去e，直接加－ment
amaze→____________ 惊奇
achieve→____________ 功绩；成就
advertise→____________ 广告
arrange→____________ 安排
improve→____________ 改进
require→____________ 要求
announce→____________ 通告
encourage→____________ 鼓舞
involve→____________ 参与
manage→____________ 管理
move→____________ 移动
retire→____________ 退休
settle→____________ 定居；定居处
state→____________ 声明；陈述
·argue→argument 辩论；论据
·judge→judg(e)ment 意见；判断力
(2)后缀－ion
a.直接加－ion
attract→attraction 吸引
construct→construction 建设
select→selection 选择
reflect→reflection 反映； 思考
exhibit→exhibition 展览，展出
interrupt→interruption 打断
connect→connection 连接
inspect→inspection 检查； 视察
instruct→instruction 教导
react→reaction 反应
discuss→discussion 讨论
b.去e加－ion
indicate→indication 象征；迹象
participate→participation 参加
calculate→calculation 计算
appreciate→appreciation 欣赏；感激
associate→association 联想；协会
separate→separation 分离
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
congratulate→congratulation 祝贺
accumulate→accumulation 积累
accelerate→acceleration 加速
c.去e加－ion
donate→donation 捐赠
motivate→motivation 动力
concentrate→concentration 集中
frustrate→frustration 沮丧
contribute→contribution 贡献
distribute→distribution 分发
promote→promotion 促进
devote→devotion 奉献
communicate→communication 交流
locate→location 地点；定位
d.去e加－ion
pollute→pollution 污染
hesitate→hesitation 犹豫
decorate→decoration 装饰
operate→operation 操作
educate→education 教育
evaluate→evaluation 评估
graduate→graduation 毕业
(3)后缀－(a)tion
a.直接加－ation
expect→____________ 期待；期望
consider→____________ 考虑
relax→____________ 放松；休闲
recommend→____________ 推荐
interpret→____________ 解释，说明
transport→____________ 运输
tempt→____________ 诱惑
adapt→____________ 适应；改编本
found→____________ 创立
confirm→____________ 确认
b.去e加－ation
conserve→____________ 保护
observe→____________ 观察
organize→____________ 组织
civilize→____________ 文明
realize→____________ 认识
examine→____________ 考试
determine→____________ 决定
invite→____________ 邀请
admire→____________ 钦佩；羡慕；欣赏
c.去e加－ation
explore→____________ 探索
declare→____________ 宣布
inspire→____________ 灵感
imagine→____________ 想象力
starve→____________ 挨饿
combine→____________ 结合
reserve→____________ 预定， 预约
prepare→____________ 准备
preserve→____________ 保存
·occupy→____________ 工作，职业；占领
(4)后缀－(s)sion
规则：－de/d/t→(s)sion
conclude→____________ 结论
decide→____________ 决定
divide→____________ 分配
explode→____________ 爆炸
extend→____________ 扩大，延伸
expand→____________ 扩张
admit→____________ 承认；准许入学
permit→____________ 许可
submit→____________ 提交
emit→____________ 排放
transmit→____________ 传送；传播
(5)后缀－ance
appear→appearance 出现；外貌
perform→performance 表演；节目
assist→assistance 帮助，援助
accept→acceptance 接受
resist→resistance 抵制
annoy→annoyance 生气， 烦恼
·guide→guidance 指引；指导
·enter→entrance 进入
·tolerate→tolerance 容忍
(6)后缀－ence
exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
refer→reference 参考；查阅
differ→difference 不同
·occur→occurrence 发生
(7)后缀－al(去e加－al)
approve→____________ 赞成；批准
arrive→____________ 到来；到达
survive→____________ 幸存
revive→____________ 复兴；复苏
propose→____________ 提议；建议
refuse→____________ 拒绝
·sign→____________ 信号
(8)后缀－ure/－ture
press→____________ 压力
depart→____________ 离开；出发
fail→____________ 失败
mix→____________ 混合；混合物
·please→____________ 愉快
·expose→____________ 暴露
(9)后缀－y
discover→____________ 发现
deliver→____________ 递送
recover→____________ 恢复；痊愈
·injure→____________ 伤害；伤处
·sympathize→____________ 同情
(10)后缀－age
pack→____________ 包裹
pass→____________ 段落；通道
·marry→____________ 婚姻
·store→____________ 储存
【注意】 形容词＋－age
short→shortage 不足；短缺
3.形容词变名词的后缀
(1)后缀－y
difficult→____________ 困难
honest→____________ 诚实
modest→____________ 谦虚
·brave→____________ 勇敢
(2)后缀－ness
a.直接加－ness
rich→richness 丰富
damp→dampness 潮湿；湿气
complete→completeness 完整；完全
tired→tiredness 疲劳；疲倦
aware→awareness 意识；明白，知道
conscious→consciousness 意识
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
dark→darkness 黑暗
eager→eagerness 渴望
helpless→helplessness 无助
kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
quiet→quietness 安静
sad→sadness 伤心
weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点
fit→fitness 健康；适合
careful→carefulness 细心
willing→willingness 乐意，意愿
shy→shyness 羞怯
sick→sickness 疾病
ill→illness 疾病
bitter→bitterness 苦难
b.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加－ness
happy→____________ 幸福
lazy→____________ 怠惰；无精打采
lonely→____________ 孤独
crazy→____________ 疯狂
busy→____________ 商业；生意
friendly→____________ 友好
(3)后缀－th
strong→____________ 力气；强项
warm→____________ 温暖；热情
young→____________ 年轻人
dead→____________ 死亡
true→____________ 真实
wide→____________ 宽度
deep→____________ 深度
long→____________ 长度
【注意】 动词＋－th
grow→growth 成长
(4)后缀－ce
a.－t变为－ce
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
confident→confidence 自信心
different→difference 不同
evident→evidence 证据
patient→patience 耐心
silent→silence 沉默
important→importance 重要性
b.－t变为－ce
significant→significance 重要性
convenient→convenience 方便
indifferent→indifference 漠不关心
diligent→diligence 勤奋
violent→violence 暴力
distant→distance 远处；距离
independent→independence 独立
innocent→innocence 天真；无辜
intelligent→intelligence 智力
excellent→excellence 优秀
(5)后缀－dom
free→freedom 自由；自主
wise→wisdom 明智；智慧
【注意】 有些“名词＋－dom”表示“领域，界”
king→kingdom 王国；领域
film→filmdom 电影界
(6)后缀－ty
certain→____________ 必然的事
cruel→____________ 残酷；残暴
safe→____________ 安全
loyal→____________ 忠诚
(7)后缀－ity
a.直接加－ity
real→____________ 现实
equal→____________ 平等
popular→____________ 流行
familiar→____________ 熟悉
minor→____________ 少数
major→____________ 多数
·active→____________ 活动
·sincere→____________ 真诚
·secure→____________ 安全
·necessary→____________ 必要性
b.－ble变为－bility
able→____________ 能力
disable→____________ 无能；残疾
capable→____________ 能力
responsible→____________ 责任
possible→____________ 可能性
probable→____________ 可能性
stable→____________ 稳定性
reliable→____________ 可靠性
(8)后缀－cy(－t/－te→－cy)
proficient→____________ 熟练；精通
efficient→____________ 效率；功效
fluent→____________ 流利；流畅
frequent→____________ 频繁
urgent→____________ 紧急
private→____________ 隐私；私密
accurate→____________ 准确性
4.变成“人”的名词后缀
在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：
(1)后缀－er
a.直接加－er
report→reporter 记者
research→researcher 研究者
perform→performer 表演者
design→designer 设计师
suffer→sufferer 患病者
support→supporter 支持者
discover→discoverer 发现者
work→worker 工人
·clean→cleaner 清洁工；清洁剂
·law→lawyer 律师
b.以－e结尾的直接加－r；重读闭音节结尾的双写其辅音字母再加－er
advise→adviser 顾问
examine→examiner 主考人；审查人
observe→observer 观察者
strange→stranger 陌生人
consume→consumer 消费者
begin→beginner 初学者， 新手
run→runner 跑步的人
win→winner 获胜者
(2)后缀－or(以－e结尾的去e加－or)
invent→inventor 发明者
visit→visitor 游客
direct→director 导演
sail→sailor 海员
conduct→conductor 售票员；指挥
instruct→instructor 指导者
compete→competitor 参赛者
operate→operator 经营者；操作员
survive→survivor 幸存者
translate→translator 翻译家
(3)后缀－ee
employ→employee 雇员
interview→interviewee 参加面试者
train→trainee 受训者；实习生
(4)后缀－ian
music→____________ 音乐家
politics→____________ 政治家
physics→____________ 内科医生
history→____________ 历史学家
library→____________ 图书管理员
(5)后缀－ist(以－e结尾的去e加－ist)
art→artist 艺术家
science→scientist 科学家
novel→novelist 小说家
special→specialist 专家
cycle→cyclist 骑自行车的人
type→typist 打字员
·piano→pianist 钢琴家
·chemistry→chemist 化学家；药剂师
(6)后缀－ant
serve→____________ 仆人
participate→____________ 参加者
assist→____________ 助手；售货员
apply→____________ 申请人
【注意】 有些－er/－or结尾的单词表示物。
contain→container 容器
cook→cooker 炊具
draw→drawer 抽屉
dry→drier/dryer 干燥剂；干燥机
sharpen→sharpener 铅笔刀
shave→shaver 电动剃须刀
calculate→calculator 计算器
tract→tractor 拖拉机
type→typewriter 打字机
二、形容词后缀
1.后缀－able
(1)能……的；可……的
respect→____________ 值得尊敬的
accept→____________ 可接受的
adapt→____________ 能适应的
adjust→____________ 可调节的
afford→____________ 负担得起的
renew→____________ 可更新的
predict→____________ 可预见的
avoid→____________ 可避免的
control→____________ 可控制的
detect→____________ 可发现的
bear→____________ 可忍受的
·notice→____________ 显著的
·rely→____________ 可信赖的；可依靠的
·admire→____________ 可钦佩的
(2)具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
suit→suitable 合适的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
reason→reasonable 合理的
knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的
change→changeable 多变的
agree→agreeable 愉悦的
favor→favorable 有利的
·value→valuable 宝贵的
2.后缀－ible
horror→____________ 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→____________ 可怕的；糟糕的
access→____________ 易得到的；易使用的
vision→____________ 看得见的
3.后缀－ful/－less
(1)直接加－ful
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thought→thoughtful 周到的；深思的
peace→peaceful 和平的
success→successful 成功的
color→colorful 多彩的
event→eventful 多变故的；充满大事的
thank→thankful 感激的
delight→delightful 使人快乐的
joy→joyful 高兴的
regret→regretful 后悔的
faith→faithful 忠实的
(2)词尾变形后加－ful；直接加－less
plenty→plentiful 充足的
gratitude→grateful 感激的
end→endless 无休止的
home→homeless 无家可归的
aim→aimless 无目标的
wire→wireless 无线的
limit→limitless 无限的
price→priceless 珍贵的；无价的
speech→speechless 无语的
(3)成串记词
breath→breathless上气不接下气的
value/worth→valueless/worthless无价值的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的；无恶意的
help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的；无能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的；无效的
power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的
care→careful 小心的→careless 粗心的
fruit→fruitful 成果丰硕的→fruitless 无成效的
4.后缀－ive
act→____________ 积极的；活跃的
attract→____________ 有吸引力的
effect→____________ 有效的
instruct→____________ 有教育意义的
impress→____________ 给人深刻印象的
create→____________ 创造性的
produce→____________ 多产的
relate→____________ 相关联的
·talk→____________ 健谈的
·compete→____________ 有竞争力的
5.后缀－ous
danger→____________ 危险的
humor→____________ 幽默的
mountain→____________ 多山的
poison→____________ 有毒的
continue→____________ 不断的；持续的
adventure→____________ 爱冒险的
nerve→____________ 紧张的
·disaster→____________ 灾难性的
·generosity→____________ 慷慨的
·religion→____________ 宗教的
6.后缀－ious
glory→____________ 光荣的；壮丽的
envy→____________ 忌妒的
mystery→____________ 神秘的
anxiety→____________ 忧虑的
caution→____________ 十分小心的；谨慎的
curiosity→____________ 好奇的
ambition→____________ 有抱负的
suspicion→____________ 可疑的
nutrition→____________ 有营养的
space→____________ 宽敞的
7.后缀－y
(1)直接加－y；去e加－y；－er变成－ry
smell→____________ 有难闻气味的
luck→____________ 幸运的
health→____________ 健康的
salt→____________ 咸的
sleep→____________ 昏昏欲睡的
thirst→____________ 口渴的
greed→____________ 贪婪的
wealth→____________ 富裕的；丰富的
guilt→____________ 内疚的
·taste→____________ 美味的；可口的
·anger→____________ 生气的
·hunger→____________ 饥饿的
(2)表示“天气”和“环境”
frost→____________ 严寒的；霜冻的
cloud→____________ 多云的
wind→____________ 多风的
rain→____________ 多雨的
ice→____________ 冰冻的；冰冷的
snow→____________ 多雪的
mist→____________ 多雾的
fog→____________ 有雾的
sun→____________ 阳光充足的
mud→____________ 泥泞的
dirt→____________ 脏的
dust→____________ 布满灰尘的
mess→____________ 凌乱的
noise→____________ 嘈杂的；喧闹的
8.后缀－al
(1)直接加－al
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的；独创的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
tradition→traditional 传统的
option→optional 可选择的；选修的
profession→professional 专业的；职业的
addition→additional 附加的；额外的
nation→national 国家的
education→educational 有教育意义的
region→regional 地区的
season→seasonal 季节性的
condition→conditional 条件的
·class→classical 经典的
(2)去－e加－al或其他情况
globe→global 全球的
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
practice→practical 实际的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
·center→central 中央的；中心的
·grammar→grammatical 语法的
9.后缀－ial
face→____________ 面部的
office→____________ 官方的；公务的
finance→____________ 金融的
race→____________ 种族的
commerce→____________ 商业的
·benefit→____________ 有益的
·industry→____________ 工业的
10.后缀－ic
science→____________ 科学的
economy→____________ 经济的
history→____________ 历史上著名的
class→____________ 经典的
system→____________ 系统的
drama→____________ 戏剧的；巨大的
romance→____________ 浪漫的
sympathy→____________ 有同情心的
energy→____________ 精力充沛的
11.后缀－en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
12.后缀－ly
friend→friendly 友好的
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活跃的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
order→orderly 有秩序的
·day→daily 每日的；日常的
13.后缀－ed
balance→balanced 平衡的
gift→gifted 有天赋的
talent→talented 有天赋的
crowd→crowded 拥挤的
·spot→spotted 有斑点的
14.后缀－some
hand→handsome 英俊的
awe→awesome 敬畏的
trouble→troublesome 令人烦恼的
tire→tiresome 讨厌的
三、副词后缀
1.形容词词尾直接加－ly
hopeful→hopefully 有希望地
bright→brightly 明亮地
casual→casually 随意地
correct→correctly 正确地
general→generally 普遍地
particular→particularly 尤其
proper→properly 恰当地
main→mainly 主要地
normal→normally 正常地
real→really 真正地
rapid→rapidly 快速地
2.以“辅音字母＋－y”结尾的，要变y为i，再加－ly
happy→____________ 高兴地
busy→____________ 繁忙地
angry→____________ 生气地
easy→____________ 容易地
greedy→____________ 贪婪地
heavy→____________ 在很大程度上
healthy→____________ 健康地
noisy→____________ 吵闹地
lucky→____________ 幸运地
3.大部分以e结尾的形容词不去e，直接加－ly
immediate→immediately 立刻地
fortunate→fortunately 幸运地
entire→entirely 完全地，彻底地
wide→widely 广泛地
absolute→absolutely 绝对地；完全地
polite→politely 有礼貌地；客气地
wise→wisely 明智地；聪明地；精明地
huge→hugely 极其；非常
expensive→expensively 昂贵地
sincere→sincerely 真诚地
extreme→extremely 极度，非常
·true→truly 真正地
·whole→wholly 完全地
4.以－le结尾的形容词去e加－y
simple→____________ 简单地；仅仅
gentle→____________ 轻轻地；温柔地
terrible→____________ 非常，很；极度地
possible→____________ 可能地；也许
probable→____________ 大概；或许
comfortable→____________ 舒服地；安乐地
5.以－ic结尾的形容词加－ally
specific→specifically 专门地；明确地
basic→basically 主要地；基本上
dramatic→dramatically 显著地；戏剧性地
scientific→scientifically 系统地；合乎科学地
academic→academically 学术上；学业上
historic→historically 关于历史事件，从历史观点上说
classic→classically 传统地；典雅地
enthusiastic→enthusiastically 热情地
economic→economically 经济地
automatic→automatically 自动地
energetic→energetically 精力充沛地
【注意】 public→publicly 当众地
6.特殊情况
shy→shyly 害羞地
dry→dryly 干燥地
full→fully 充分地
dull→dully 迟钝地；沉闷地
四、动词前缀或后缀
1.前缀en－
able→enable 使能够
large→enlarge 扩大
rich→enrich 充实；使丰富
danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage 鼓励
2.后缀－en
broad→broaden 变宽
ripe→ripen (使)成熟
sharp→sharpen (使)变得锋利
wide→widen 加宽
short→shorten (使)变短
straight→straighten (使)变直
deep→deepen 加深
strength→strengthen 加强
length→lengthen (使)变长
dark→darken (使)变暗
hard→harden (使)变硬
soft→soften (使)变软
damp→dampen 使潮湿
fright→frighten 使惊吓
bright→brighten (使)更明亮
threat→threaten 威胁
3.后缀－ify
class→classify 把……分类
just→justify 证明……正确
simple→simplify 简化
beauty→beautify 美化
identity→identify 识别
quality→qualify 使具备资格
diversity→diversify (使)多样化
4.后缀－ize
apology→apologize 道歉
emphasis→emphasize 强调
memory→memorize 记住
real→realize 认识到；实现
modern→modernize 使现代化
symbol→symbolize 象征；代表
normal→normalize 使正常化
standard→standardize 使标准化
Ⅲ.多变动词形式
一、动词四种形式变化规则
第三人称单数 现在分词 过去式和过去分词
一般规则 加－s 加－ing 加－ed
特殊规则 1.原形动词词尾为ch，sh，o，s，x，加－es。如：fix→fixes，teach→teaches，wash→washes 2.原形动词词尾为“辅音字母＋－y”时，去y后加“－ies”；若是“元音字母＋－y”，只加“－s”。如：study→studies，say→says 1.原形动词以不发音的“－e”结尾时，去“－e” 后加“－ing”。如：live→living，make→making 2.原形动词词尾为“－ie”时，先把“－ie”改为“－y”后加“－ing”。如：lie→lying，die→dying，tie→tying 3.原形动词词尾为“元音＋l/r”并为重读音节时，常双写词尾字母后再加“－ing”。如：travel→travelling/traveling，prefer→preferring，refer→referring 4.原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母后再加“－ing”(字母组合除外)。如：plan→planning，get→getting，stop→stopping。注意：show，grow，draw，blow，know，flow等不用双写。 1.原形动词词尾为“e”时，加“－d”。如：live→lived，like→liked 2.原形动词词尾为“辅音字母＋y”时，去“－y”后加“－ied”；若词尾为“元音字母＋y”，只加“－ed”。如：study→studied，play→played 3.原形动词词尾为“元音＋l/r”并为重读音节时，常双写词尾字母后再加“－ed”。如：prefer→preferred 4.原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母后再加“－ed”。如：chat→chatted，beg→begged，stop→stopped
二、动词过去式和过去分词的不规则变化
1.AAA型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 bet
2 broadcast
3 bid
4 burst
5 cast
6 cost
7 cut
8 forecast
9 hit
10 hurt
11 let
12 put
13 quit
14 read
15 rid
16 set
17 shut
18 spit
19 split
20 spread
21 sweat
22 thrust
23 upset
24 wed
25 wet
2.AAB型
原形 过去式 过去分词
beat
3.ABA型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 come
2 become
3 overcome
4 run
4.ABB型
(1)在原形动词后面加字母－ed或字母－d或字母－t构成过去式、过去分词
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 bless
2 hear
3 burn
4 learn
5 dream
6 mean
7 lean
8 leap
9 spoil
10 deal
(2)把原形动词的最后一个辅音字母d改成t
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 build
2 rebuild
3 lend
4 send
5 spend
6 bend
(3)原形动词中有a则改为aught，无a则改为ought
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 catch
2 teach
3 buy
4 bring
5 fight
6 seek
7 think
(4)把－eel、－ell改成－elt
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 feel
2 kneel
3 smell
4 spell
(5)去掉一个e或去掉一个a或去掉一个o
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 feed
2 meet
3 speed
4 bleed
5 breed
6 lead
7 mislead
8 shoot
(6)改变元音字母(a或i变为u；i或e变为o)
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 dig
2 hang
3 spin
4 stick
5 sting
6 swing
7 shine
8 win
9 get
(7)－eep变为－ept
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 keep
2 sleep
3 oversleep
4 creep
5 weep
6 sweep
(8)－ay变为－aid，－ell变为－old，－and变为－ood，－ind变为－ound
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 pay
2 repay
3 lay
4 say
5 sell
6 tell
7 retell
8 foretell
9 stand
10 understand
11 misunderstand
12 find
13 wind
(9)其他
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 have
2 leave
3 light
4 lose
5 make
6 slide
7 spill
5.ABC型
(1)原形动词后加－n或－en构成过去分词
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 draw
2 withdraw
3 sew
4 show
5 take
6 overtake
7 mistake
8 undertake
9 shave
10 saw
11 sow
12 shake
13 see
14 foresee
15 eat
16 fall
17 give
18 forgive
19 drive
20 rise
21 arise
22 ride
23 write
24 forbid
(2)过去式加－n或双写最后一个字母加－en构成过去分词
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 break
2 speak
3 freeze
4 wake
5 weave
6 awake
7 choose
8 steal
9 forget
10 hide
(3)ow－ew－own型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 blow
2 grow
3 know
4 throw
5 overthrow
(4)i－a－u型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 begin
2 shrink
3 drink
4 ring
5 sink
6 sing
7 swim
8 spring
(5)ear－ore－orn型
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 bear
2 tear
3 wear
4 swear
(6)其他
原形 过去式 过去分词
1 be(am，is)
2 be(are)
3 do
4 go
5 lie
6 fly