人教版（2019）必修 第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 寒假作业（含答案）
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Unit 4 Natural Disasters 寒假作业
一、语法填空
1.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man's intelligence and_________ (creative).
2.Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a ________ (confuse) and frustrating experience.
3.They stayed with me for three weeks during ________ time they drunk all the wine I had.
4.The areas_______ (strike) by the typhoon took on a poor look.
5.The volunteers were rescuing those trapped in the damaged house _______an aftershock happened.
6.Amy caught sight of her close friend Jane in the distance and waved_______ her.
7.When you don't know the cause of your illness, _______seems that you're fighting against an invisible enemy.
8.It will be considered a miracle (奇迹) if someone is saved after_______ (trap) for72 hours.
9.The little baby put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, _______ (look) rather pleased.
10.Newspapers are making every effort_______ (attract) readers in an age when most people get news online for free.
11.According to a 2023 report, nowadays over one third of people globally —2.6 billion people—_______ (be) already overweight.
12.Brave firefighters broke the window and rescued the boy _______the burning house.
13.The number of people who were killed or seriously injured in the tsunami_______ (reach) more than 4 ,000 so far.
二、阅读理解
The African penguin lives on St. Croix island off the east coast of South Africa. A new study has found that they are leaving their natural environment to escape noisy ship refueling (补给燃料) activities.
The African penguins once mainly raised babies on this island. But the population has dropped sharply since South Africa started permitting ships in the area to refuel at sea six years ago, the study found.
Lorien Pichegru is acting director of the Coastal and Marine Research Institute at Nelson Mandela University, which led the study. She said the organization had found that noise levels in the area had doubled since the refueling activities began. Scientists say high noise levels affect the ability of penguins to find and catch other animals for food. Noise also makes it more difficult for them to communicate with each other and map travel paths. “This year we are at 1,200 breeding pairs at St Croix from 8,500 pairs in 2016,” Pichegru said.
The study recently appeared in the publication Science of the Total Environment. The researchers said the study is the first to explore the effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on a seabird.
Nelson Mandela University’s study collected some data to estimate underwater noise from passing ships. Oil-covered penguins were found in 2019 in Algoa Bay after an oil spill from ship-to-ship refueling. Environmental groups have called for the activities to be banned in the bay.
Pichegru said penguins in the area were already struggling to survive because of a series of issues, including industrial fishing activities. She added that the refueling activities did not kill all the penguins. However, “It was just the thing that made the whole ecology tip over and then the penguins couldn’t cope with that,” she said.
14.What has the new study found about penguins
A. They have difficulty in raising babies.
B. They can get used to noisy ships easily.
C. Their population is on the increase.
D. They are forced to leave the natural environment.
15.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The value of Lorien Pichegru’s job.
B. The importance of ship refueling activities.
C. The ability of Penguins to find food.
D. Bad effects of noises on Penguins.
16.What might Pichegru agree with
A. The penguins should be put in control.
B. Fishing activities should be greatly encouraged.
C. Refueling activities should be strictly managed.
D. The penguins should develop their survival abilities.
17.Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A textbook. D. A magazine.
三、七选五
If you've ever felt as if you can't do anything right, you might think you're the only one that has experienced that feeling.①_______Fortunately, there are ways to cope with it.
②_______When you're feeling as if you can't do anything right, take a moment and just let yourself feel that. Once you're feeling a little calmer, try to search deeper into where the feeling is coming from. This can lead you to understand if there is a large issue that you need to deal with.
Practice self-care. Self-care is a great stress reliever. ③_______It is anything you do for yourself that makes you feel good. It can be physical, such as taking a bath, or emotional, like lying down and listening to relaxing music.
Do a good deed. Acts of kindness toward others aid our emotional well-being, and when you're feeling more positive, chances are you’ll realize you do plenty of things in life right. Additionally, a kind act is also something you do right! ④_______
Take a break. ⑤_______That's because we all need breaks and we all benefit from taking them! Taking a break reduces stress, makes us more productive overall and clears our heads. When you're feeling as if you can't do anything right, just pause, and ask yourself if you'd like to take a few minutes off, and see where that leads you.
A. Let yourself feel this way.
B. Get past the feeling and fight against it.
C. It's not a failure in life if you just need one.
D. It also helps you feel more positive about yourself.
E. And most of us do not share this feeling with others.
F. The truth, though, is that it's perfectly common to feel this way.
G. Everyone wins when you practice being kind to other people.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：creativity
解析：句意为:城市是人类劳动和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。根据句意可知,设空处与intelligence并列,共同被名词所有格 man's修饰,应用名词,表示“创造力”,为不可数名词。故填 creativity。
2.答案：confusing
解析：修饰名词“experience”要用形容词，“confuse”的形容词“confusing”表示“令人困惑的”，用来形容参加讲座的经历是合适的，所以填“confusing”。
3.答案：Which
解析：先行词是“three weeks”，在从句中与“during”搭配，用“which”指代先行词，构成“during which”结构，所以填“Which”。
4.答案：struck
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,strike与主语"The areas"之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用其过去分词形式作后置定语。
5.答案：when
解析：考查固定句式。句意:志愿者们正在营救被困在受损房屋中的那些人时,突然余震发生了。be doing when...表示"正在做……时,突然……为固定用法。
6.答案： at/to
解析：考查wave 的用法。wave at/to..."向……招手"为固定搭配。
7.答案：it
解析：考查形式主语。句意:当你不知道病因时,你似乎在与看不见的敌人作斗争。it seems that…意为"看来好像/似乎......"为固定用法,其中it作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语,故空处填it。
8.答案： being trapped
解析：考查非谓语动词。空处位于介词after后,且表示"被困",故用动词-ing形式的被动式。
9.答案： looking
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,put, tasted 和 smiled 为并列的三个谓语动词,空处为非谓语,主语 The little baby 和 look 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用动词-ing形式作状语。
10.答案： to attract
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:在大多数人在网上免费获取新闻的时代,报社正在竭尽全力吸引读者。make every effort to do sth.意为"竭尽全力做某事",为固定用法,故填 to attract。
11.答案：are
解析：考查主谓一致。句意:根据 2023年的一份报告,如今全球超过三分之一的人一26亿人一超重。通常情况下,分数或百分数后接复数名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。由空前的"over one third of people"可知,此处填are。
12.答案：from
解析：考查rescue的用法。句意:勇敢的消防队员打破窗户,把那个男孩从着火的房子里救了出来。rescue… from...是固定短语,表示"从……中营救……"。
13.答案： has reached
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,在海啸中死亡和重伤的人数已超过四千。由时间状语 so far 可知,此处应用现在完成时;"the number of +复数名词"作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式,故填has reached。
二、阅读理解
14.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The African penguin lives on St. Croix island off the east coast of South Africa. A new study has found that they are leaving their natural environment to escape noisy ship refueling (补给燃料) activities.(这种非洲企鹅生活在南非东海岸的圣克罗伊岛。一项新的研究发现，他们正在离开他们的自然环境，以逃避嘈杂的船舶加油活动。)”可知研究发现为了躲避嘈杂的噪音，企鹅们被迫离开了它们的自然环境。故选D项。
15.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“She said the organization had found that noise levels in the area had doubled since the refueling activities began. Scientists say high noise levels affect the ability of penguins to find and catch other animals for food. Noise also makes it more difficult for them to communicate with each other and map travel paths.(她说，该组织发现，自加油活动开始以来，该地区的噪音水平翻了一番。科学家表示，高噪音水平会影响企鹅寻找和捕捉其他动物作为食物的能力。噪音也使它们之间的交流和绘制旅行路线变得更加困难。)”可知文章第三段主要讲的是噪音对于企鹅的不好影响。故选D项。
16.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Pichegru said penguins in the area were already struggling to survive because of a series of issues, including industrial fishing activities. She added that the refueling activities did not kill all the penguins. However, “It was just the thing that made the whole ecology tip over and then the penguins couldn’t cope with that,” she said. (Pichegru说，由于工业捕鱼活动等一系列问题，该地区的企鹅已经难以生存。她补充说，加油活动并没有杀死所有的企鹅。然而，“这是一件让整个生态系统崩溃的事情，而企鹅无法应对，”她说。)”可以推断Pichegru认为嘈杂的船舶加油活动是一件最终会让企鹅的无法面对的事情，所以她应该赞同对这一类活动进行严格管理。故选C项。
17.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The study recently appeared in the publication Science of the Total Environment. The researchers said the study is the first to explore the effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on a seabird.(这项研究最近发表在《全环境科学》杂志上。研究人员表示，这项研究是首次探索海洋交通噪音污染对海鸟的影响。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲的是一项新的研究发现为了逃避嘈杂的船舶加油活动，生活在南非东海岸附近的圣克罗伊岛的非洲企鹅正在离开它们的自然环境，所以文章最有可能出自一篇杂志。故选D项。
三、七选五
答案：FADGC
解析：①根据空前内容可知,如果你曾经觉得自己什么都做不好,你可能会认为你是唯一一个有过那种感觉的人。再结合选项可知,F项"然而,事实是,有这种感觉是非常普遍的"与上文形成转折,同时引出下文,起承上启下的作用,符合语境。故选F。
②此处是本段的主旨句。根据下文中的"When you're feeling as if you can't do anything right, take a moment and just let yourself feel that"可知,本段主要介绍让自己感受自己什么都做不好的感觉。由此可知A项概括了本段内容。故选A。
③根据空前的"Self-care is a great stress reliever"可知,此处在介绍自顾的好处。再结合选项可知,D项"它也帮助你更积极地看待自己"承接上文,与上文是递进关系,符合语境。故选D。
④本段的主旨句是"Do a good deed"。空前介绍了做好事的益处。由此可知,G项"当你经常对别人友好时,每个人都是赢家"符合本段主旨,其中的" being kind to other people"是关键信息。故选G。
⑤根据本段主旨句"Take a break"可知,本段介绍休息的作用。再结合选项可知,C项"必果你需要休息,这并不是人生的失败"符合语境。C项中的one指代空前的a break。故选C。
一、语法填空
1.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man's intelligence and_________ (creative).
2.Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a ________ (confuse) and frustrating experience.
3.They stayed with me for three weeks during ________ time they drunk all the wine I had.
4.The areas_______ (strike) by the typhoon took on a poor look.
5.The volunteers were rescuing those trapped in the damaged house _______an aftershock happened.
6.Amy caught sight of her close friend Jane in the distance and waved_______ her.
7.When you don't know the cause of your illness, _______seems that you're fighting against an invisible enemy.
8.It will be considered a miracle (奇迹) if someone is saved after_______ (trap) for72 hours.
9.The little baby put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, _______ (look) rather pleased.
10.Newspapers are making every effort_______ (attract) readers in an age when most people get news online for free.
11.According to a 2023 report, nowadays over one third of people globally —2.6 billion people—_______ (be) already overweight.
12.Brave firefighters broke the window and rescued the boy _______the burning house.
13.The number of people who were killed or seriously injured in the tsunami_______ (reach) more than 4 ,000 so far.
二、阅读理解
The African penguin lives on St. Croix island off the east coast of South Africa. A new study has found that they are leaving their natural environment to escape noisy ship refueling (补给燃料) activities.
The African penguins once mainly raised babies on this island. But the population has dropped sharply since South Africa started permitting ships in the area to refuel at sea six years ago, the study found.
Lorien Pichegru is acting director of the Coastal and Marine Research Institute at Nelson Mandela University, which led the study. She said the organization had found that noise levels in the area had doubled since the refueling activities began. Scientists say high noise levels affect the ability of penguins to find and catch other animals for food. Noise also makes it more difficult for them to communicate with each other and map travel paths. “This year we are at 1,200 breeding pairs at St Croix from 8,500 pairs in 2016,” Pichegru said.
The study recently appeared in the publication Science of the Total Environment. The researchers said the study is the first to explore the effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on a seabird.
Nelson Mandela University’s study collected some data to estimate underwater noise from passing ships. Oil-covered penguins were found in 2019 in Algoa Bay after an oil spill from ship-to-ship refueling. Environmental groups have called for the activities to be banned in the bay.
Pichegru said penguins in the area were already struggling to survive because of a series of issues, including industrial fishing activities. She added that the refueling activities did not kill all the penguins. However, “It was just the thing that made the whole ecology tip over and then the penguins couldn’t cope with that,” she said.
14.What has the new study found about penguins
A. They have difficulty in raising babies.
B. They can get used to noisy ships easily.
C. Their population is on the increase.
D. They are forced to leave the natural environment.
15.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The value of Lorien Pichegru’s job.
B. The importance of ship refueling activities.
C. The ability of Penguins to find food.
D. Bad effects of noises on Penguins.
16.What might Pichegru agree with
A. The penguins should be put in control.
B. Fishing activities should be greatly encouraged.
C. Refueling activities should be strictly managed.
D. The penguins should develop their survival abilities.
17.Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A textbook. D. A magazine.
三、七选五
If you've ever felt as if you can't do anything right, you might think you're the only one that has experienced that feeling.①_______Fortunately, there are ways to cope with it.
②_______When you're feeling as if you can't do anything right, take a moment and just let yourself feel that. Once you're feeling a little calmer, try to search deeper into where the feeling is coming from. This can lead you to understand if there is a large issue that you need to deal with.
Practice self-care. Self-care is a great stress reliever. ③_______It is anything you do for yourself that makes you feel good. It can be physical, such as taking a bath, or emotional, like lying down and listening to relaxing music.
Do a good deed. Acts of kindness toward others aid our emotional well-being, and when you're feeling more positive, chances are you’ll realize you do plenty of things in life right. Additionally, a kind act is also something you do right! ④_______
Take a break. ⑤_______That's because we all need breaks and we all benefit from taking them! Taking a break reduces stress, makes us more productive overall and clears our heads. When you're feeling as if you can't do anything right, just pause, and ask yourself if you'd like to take a few minutes off, and see where that leads you.
A. Let yourself feel this way.
B. Get past the feeling and fight against it.
C. It's not a failure in life if you just need one.
D. It also helps you feel more positive about yourself.
E. And most of us do not share this feeling with others.
F. The truth, though, is that it's perfectly common to feel this way.
G. Everyone wins when you practice being kind to other people.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：creativity
解析：句意为:城市是人类劳动和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。根据句意可知,设空处与intelligence并列,共同被名词所有格 man's修饰,应用名词,表示“创造力”,为不可数名词。故填 creativity。
2.答案：confusing
解析：修饰名词“experience”要用形容词，“confuse”的形容词“confusing”表示“令人困惑的”，用来形容参加讲座的经历是合适的，所以填“confusing”。
3.答案：Which
解析：先行词是“three weeks”，在从句中与“during”搭配，用“which”指代先行词，构成“during which”结构，所以填“Which”。
4.答案：struck
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,strike与主语"The areas"之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用其过去分词形式作后置定语。
5.答案：when
解析：考查固定句式。句意:志愿者们正在营救被困在受损房屋中的那些人时,突然余震发生了。be doing when...表示"正在做……时,突然……为固定用法。
6.答案： at/to
解析：考查wave 的用法。wave at/to..."向……招手"为固定搭配。
7.答案：it
解析：考查形式主语。句意:当你不知道病因时,你似乎在与看不见的敌人作斗争。it seems that…意为"看来好像/似乎......"为固定用法,其中it作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语,故空处填it。
8.答案： being trapped
解析：考查非谓语动词。空处位于介词after后,且表示"被困",故用动词-ing形式的被动式。
9.答案： looking
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,put, tasted 和 smiled 为并列的三个谓语动词,空处为非谓语,主语 The little baby 和 look 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用动词-ing形式作状语。
10.答案： to attract
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:在大多数人在网上免费获取新闻的时代,报社正在竭尽全力吸引读者。make every effort to do sth.意为"竭尽全力做某事",为固定用法,故填 to attract。
11.答案：are
解析：考查主谓一致。句意:根据 2023年的一份报告,如今全球超过三分之一的人一26亿人一超重。通常情况下,分数或百分数后接复数名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。由空前的"over one third of people"可知,此处填are。
12.答案：from
解析：考查rescue的用法。句意:勇敢的消防队员打破窗户,把那个男孩从着火的房子里救了出来。rescue… from...是固定短语,表示"从……中营救……"。
13.答案： has reached
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,在海啸中死亡和重伤的人数已超过四千。由时间状语 so far 可知,此处应用现在完成时;"the number of +复数名词"作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式,故填has reached。
二、阅读理解
14.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The African penguin lives on St. Croix island off the east coast of South Africa. A new study has found that they are leaving their natural environment to escape noisy ship refueling (补给燃料) activities.(这种非洲企鹅生活在南非东海岸的圣克罗伊岛。一项新的研究发现，他们正在离开他们的自然环境，以逃避嘈杂的船舶加油活动。)”可知研究发现为了躲避嘈杂的噪音，企鹅们被迫离开了它们的自然环境。故选D项。
15.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“She said the organization had found that noise levels in the area had doubled since the refueling activities began. Scientists say high noise levels affect the ability of penguins to find and catch other animals for food. Noise also makes it more difficult for them to communicate with each other and map travel paths.(她说，该组织发现，自加油活动开始以来，该地区的噪音水平翻了一番。科学家表示，高噪音水平会影响企鹅寻找和捕捉其他动物作为食物的能力。噪音也使它们之间的交流和绘制旅行路线变得更加困难。)”可知文章第三段主要讲的是噪音对于企鹅的不好影响。故选D项。
16.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Pichegru said penguins in the area were already struggling to survive because of a series of issues, including industrial fishing activities. She added that the refueling activities did not kill all the penguins. However, “It was just the thing that made the whole ecology tip over and then the penguins couldn’t cope with that,” she said. (Pichegru说，由于工业捕鱼活动等一系列问题，该地区的企鹅已经难以生存。她补充说，加油活动并没有杀死所有的企鹅。然而，“这是一件让整个生态系统崩溃的事情，而企鹅无法应对，”她说。)”可以推断Pichegru认为嘈杂的船舶加油活动是一件最终会让企鹅的无法面对的事情，所以她应该赞同对这一类活动进行严格管理。故选C项。
17.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The study recently appeared in the publication Science of the Total Environment. The researchers said the study is the first to explore the effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on a seabird.(这项研究最近发表在《全环境科学》杂志上。研究人员表示，这项研究是首次探索海洋交通噪音污染对海鸟的影响。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲的是一项新的研究发现为了逃避嘈杂的船舶加油活动，生活在南非东海岸附近的圣克罗伊岛的非洲企鹅正在离开它们的自然环境，所以文章最有可能出自一篇杂志。故选D项。
三、七选五
答案：FADGC
解析：①根据空前内容可知,如果你曾经觉得自己什么都做不好,你可能会认为你是唯一一个有过那种感觉的人。再结合选项可知,F项"然而,事实是,有这种感觉是非常普遍的"与上文形成转折,同时引出下文,起承上启下的作用,符合语境。故选F。
②此处是本段的主旨句。根据下文中的"When you're feeling as if you can't do anything right, take a moment and just let yourself feel that"可知,本段主要介绍让自己感受自己什么都做不好的感觉。由此可知A项概括了本段内容。故选A。
③根据空前的"Self-care is a great stress reliever"可知,此处在介绍自顾的好处。再结合选项可知,D项"它也帮助你更积极地看待自己"承接上文,与上文是递进关系,符合语境。故选D。
④本段的主旨句是"Do a good deed"。空前介绍了做好事的益处。由此可知,G项"当你经常对别人友好时,每个人都是赢家"符合本段主旨,其中的" being kind to other people"是关键信息。故选G。
⑤根据本段主旨句"Take a break"可知,本段介绍休息的作用。再结合选项可知,C项"必果你需要休息,这并不是人生的失败"符合语境。C项中的one指代空前的a break。故选C。