人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit4 Natural disasters Discovering useful structures导学案（无答案）
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Unit4 Discovering useful structures--定语从句导学案
一．定语: 修饰名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
1.可充当定语的主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为“……的”
2.在所修饰词之前的定语为前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语为后置定语。
3. 单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
例如：
1. This is a flower basket.
2. This is a basket full of flowers.
3. This is a flower basket bought by my friend.
4. The flowers in the basket were bought by my friend.
5. This is a flower basket that was bought by my friend .
二．定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词。（引导词）关系词的作用：
连接主从句
指代先行词
在从句中充当成分
找出下列句中的定语从句。
1.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
3.The supplies which were provided for the disaster area were collected from around the country.
4. Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake.
用法：
1. that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾/表时可省。
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。
例子：
1.A plane is a machine ______________ can fly.
2.The noodles __________ I cooked were delicious.
3.They planted the trees ____________ didn’t need much water.
4.The fish ______________ we bought yesterday were not fresh.
5.This is the house in ____________ we lived last year.
3. who 指人,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。
4. whom 指人,在从句中作宾语，作宾语时可省。
例子：
1.The boy ________ broke the window is called Michael.
2.The person ______________ you just talked to is Mr Li.
3.Mr Read is the professor to ___________ you should write.
5. whose 指人和物，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”。whose+n可以用 “the +n.+of which/whom”或者“of which/whom +the +n.”代替
例子：
1.Miss Flower is the teacher________house caught fire last week.
2.This is the boy _______composition the teacher thinks highly of.
3.This is the book _________ cover is blue.
6. as 指人和物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。用于 the same ... as ; as .....as ; such ... as ; so ... as等结构
例子：
This is the same book ______ was bought yesterday.
There is so warm a house _________we want to live in.
比较：
It is so warm a house______ we all admire.
It is so warm a house ______we all want to have one.
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.
This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.
学以致用［用适当的关系代词填空］
1.The student _________ answered the question was John.
2.I know the person _______ house was destroyed in the earthquake.
3.Look, here are some people ______________ I want you to meet.
4.Do you still remember the chicken farm __________ we visited three months ago
5.The house in _______ I used to live became ruins in a big fire.
6.Please give me the book _______ cover is green.
关系 代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分
人 物 主语 宾语 定语
who √ √ √
whom √ √
which √ √ √
that √ √ √ √
whose √ √ √
关系代词基本用法归纳表
1.用which而不用that的情况：
①介词前置时，即介词+关系代词引导定语从句；
②引导非限制性定语从句时;
③先行词本身就是that时。
以下句子为什么只能用which不能用that？
Bruce doesn’t listen to others’ advice, which makes his mother very annoyed.
Those are the trees under which people can have a rest.
I attend some activities regularly from which I benefit a lot.
2.用that而不用which的情况：
①先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much, none, the one 等不定代词，或被all, every, no, some, any, few, little, much等不定代词修饰时；
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the right修饰时；
④先行词既有人又有物时；
⑤主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。
以下句子为什么只能用that不能用which？
I am sure she has something that you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that my mother bought for me.
This is the first book that he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
Which is the question that you don’t understand
Your disease is not the case that it used to be.
Fill in the blanks.
1. Anything ____ can burn is a source of heat energy.
2. This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3. They talked about things and persons ______ impressed them most.
4. Which is the book _______ you lost
5. This is the best film _____ I have ever seen.
6. Please get ready for everything ____ we need.
7. This is the watch____________ I lost yesterday.
3.用who而不用that的情况：
① 主句是there be句型，且先行词是人时；
②先行词是人称代词he/she/those...,或者不定代词anyone，someone，everyone，somebody, anybody, one，ones等词时；
③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；
④当先行词是 people 或是表示人的集体名词时。
以下句子为什么只能用who不能用that？
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
There is a student who is always making noise.
He is the third man who passed the exam.
There are lots of people who are listening to the radio.
4.用that而不用who的情况：
①当先行词为形容词最高级所修饰时；
②当在以疑问代词who开头的疑问句中时；
③当先行词为疑问代词who, which时；
④当关系代词在定语从句中作表语或宾语补足语时，此时关系代词也可省略。
以下句子为什么只能用that不能用who？
He is no longer the man that he was.
He is not the fool that you thought him.
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this
Who is the person that is standing by the door
Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had.
5. way 作先行词
当先行词为表示方式的way, 且在从句中作状语时，应该用 that / in which / 不填。
1. We admire the way ________________he solved the problem.
2. I don’t like the way _________________you spoke to her.
3. You speak to her in the way _______________I don't like.
P90: Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom
1. A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event ______ usually causes great damage and can ruin many people’s lives.
2. The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter _______ rescued her from the fire.
3. A typhoon is an extremely strong wind ______ often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean.
4. The children ________ parents could not be found were looked after by neighbours and friends.
5. A tsunami is a very large wave ________ is often caused by an earthquake under the sea.
6. People to _______ much is given are people of _________ much will be expected.
语篇填空
Though I can’t remember everything ____ happened during the time in university, I still remember some people and things _____ were related to Miss Brown, _____ used to be monitor in our class. If you want to know about the lady _________ I referred to in my diary, I can tell you it’s her, Miss Brown. Here is a story ______ makes me remember Miss Brown until now. One afternoon, she and I arrived in New York, ______ we would look forward to. We went to the biggest bookshop in ______ there were different kinds of books to be sold.
使用特定关系代词的一般情况
一．定语: 修饰名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
1.可充当定语的主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为“……的”
2.在所修饰词之前的定语为前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语为后置定语。
3. 单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
例如：
1. This is a flower basket.
2. This is a basket full of flowers.
3. This is a flower basket bought by my friend.
4. The flowers in the basket were bought by my friend.
5. This is a flower basket that was bought by my friend .
二．定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词。（引导词）关系词的作用：
连接主从句
指代先行词
在从句中充当成分
找出下列句中的定语从句。
1.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
3.The supplies which were provided for the disaster area were collected from around the country.
4. Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake.
用法：
1. that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾/表时可省。
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。
例子：
1.A plane is a machine ______________ can fly.
2.The noodles __________ I cooked were delicious.
3.They planted the trees ____________ didn’t need much water.
4.The fish ______________ we bought yesterday were not fresh.
5.This is the house in ____________ we lived last year.
3. who 指人,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。
4. whom 指人,在从句中作宾语，作宾语时可省。
例子：
1.The boy ________ broke the window is called Michael.
2.The person ______________ you just talked to is Mr Li.
3.Mr Read is the professor to ___________ you should write.
5. whose 指人和物，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”。whose+n可以用 “the +n.+of which/whom”或者“of which/whom +the +n.”代替
例子：
1.Miss Flower is the teacher________house caught fire last week.
2.This is the boy _______composition the teacher thinks highly of.
3.This is the book _________ cover is blue.
6. as 指人和物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。用于 the same ... as ; as .....as ; such ... as ; so ... as等结构
例子：
This is the same book ______ was bought yesterday.
There is so warm a house _________we want to live in.
比较：
It is so warm a house______ we all admire.
It is so warm a house ______we all want to have one.
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.
This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.
学以致用［用适当的关系代词填空］
1.The student _________ answered the question was John.
2.I know the person _______ house was destroyed in the earthquake.
3.Look, here are some people ______________ I want you to meet.
4.Do you still remember the chicken farm __________ we visited three months ago
5.The house in _______ I used to live became ruins in a big fire.
6.Please give me the book _______ cover is green.
关系 代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分
人 物 主语 宾语 定语
who √ √ √
whom √ √
which √ √ √
that √ √ √ √
whose √ √ √
关系代词基本用法归纳表
1.用which而不用that的情况：
①介词前置时，即介词+关系代词引导定语从句；
②引导非限制性定语从句时;
③先行词本身就是that时。
以下句子为什么只能用which不能用that？
Bruce doesn’t listen to others’ advice, which makes his mother very annoyed.
Those are the trees under which people can have a rest.
I attend some activities regularly from which I benefit a lot.
2.用that而不用which的情况：
①先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much, none, the one 等不定代词，或被all, every, no, some, any, few, little, much等不定代词修饰时；
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the right修饰时；
④先行词既有人又有物时；
⑤主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。
以下句子为什么只能用that不能用which？
I am sure she has something that you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that my mother bought for me.
This is the first book that he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
Which is the question that you don’t understand
Your disease is not the case that it used to be.
Fill in the blanks.
1. Anything ____ can burn is a source of heat energy.
2. This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3. They talked about things and persons ______ impressed them most.
4. Which is the book _______ you lost
5. This is the best film _____ I have ever seen.
6. Please get ready for everything ____ we need.
7. This is the watch____________ I lost yesterday.
3.用who而不用that的情况：
① 主句是there be句型，且先行词是人时；
②先行词是人称代词he/she/those...,或者不定代词anyone，someone，everyone，somebody, anybody, one，ones等词时；
③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；
④当先行词是 people 或是表示人的集体名词时。
以下句子为什么只能用who不能用that？
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
There is a student who is always making noise.
He is the third man who passed the exam.
There are lots of people who are listening to the radio.
4.用that而不用who的情况：
①当先行词为形容词最高级所修饰时；
②当在以疑问代词who开头的疑问句中时；
③当先行词为疑问代词who, which时；
④当关系代词在定语从句中作表语或宾语补足语时，此时关系代词也可省略。
以下句子为什么只能用that不能用who？
He is no longer the man that he was.
He is not the fool that you thought him.
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this
Who is the person that is standing by the door
Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had.
5. way 作先行词
当先行词为表示方式的way, 且在从句中作状语时，应该用 that / in which / 不填。
1. We admire the way ________________he solved the problem.
2. I don’t like the way _________________you spoke to her.
3. You speak to her in the way _______________I don't like.
P90: Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom
1. A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event ______ usually causes great damage and can ruin many people’s lives.
2. The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter _______ rescued her from the fire.
3. A typhoon is an extremely strong wind ______ often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean.
4. The children ________ parents could not be found were looked after by neighbours and friends.
5. A tsunami is a very large wave ________ is often caused by an earthquake under the sea.
6. People to _______ much is given are people of _________ much will be expected.
语篇填空
Though I can’t remember everything ____ happened during the time in university, I still remember some people and things _____ were related to Miss Brown, _____ used to be monitor in our class. If you want to know about the lady _________ I referred to in my diary, I can tell you it’s her, Miss Brown. Here is a story ______ makes me remember Miss Brown until now. One afternoon, she and I arrived in New York, ______ we would look forward to. We went to the biggest bookshop in ______ there were different kinds of books to be sold.
使用特定关系代词的一般情况