福建省福州市六校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题
一、第二部分，阅读，第一节，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读理解
THE 2024 OXFORD POETRY PRIZE
Oxford Poetry hosts the annual Oxford Poetry Prize, awarded for a single poem in the English language. The 2024 Prize opens on I May 2024. The guest judge is Rachel Long. The winner of the Oxford Poetry Prize receives 1,000, the runner-up 200, and third place 100. All cash prizes will be paid out in full no later than 90 days after the public announcement of the judge's decision. The winning poets are also offered publication in Oxford Poetry.
About the 2024 guest judge
Rachel Long's debut collection, My Darling from the Lions(Picador, 2020/Tin House, 2021), was shortlisted for the Forward Prize for Best First Collection, The Costa Book Award, The Rathbones Folio Prize, and The Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year Award. The US edition featured in the New York Times Book Review and was named one of the 100 must-read books of 2021 by TIME.
Submission guidelines
*Each poem must consist of no more than 50 lines. Blank lines, titles, subtitles, and dedications (献词) are not counted as lines.
*The Competition is open to writers living anywhere in the world.
*Poems submitted to the Oxford Poetry Prize must not have been previously published elsewhere, whether in print or online(including but not limited to blogs, websites, and social media).
Terms and conditions.
*The competition is open to anyone age 18 or over on the date of their submission. Submission of a poem to the Oxford Poetry Prize constitutes the entrant's (参赛者的) acceptance of these terms and conditions. Entries that do not obey these terms and conditions will be disqualified from the competition.
*Entries are welcome from 1 May 2024. The deadline for submitting entries is midnight UTC (国际协调时间) on 31 August 2024. Works received after that date will not be considered.
1．If you win the second prize in the Oxford Poetry competition, you will be awarded ____ in cash.
A． 200 B． 100 C． 1,000 D． 300
2．Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage
A．The Oxford Poetry competition is held once a year.
B．The 2024 guest judge, Rachel Long won awards before 2024.
C．The year 2024's competition closes at midnight UTC on 31 August 2024.
D．All cash prize will be paid out in full over 90 days after the public announcement of the judge's decision.
3．____ will have the possibility to be awarded in the Oxford Poetry competition.
A．Poems printed in the newspaper previously.
B．Poems submitted to the Oxford Poetry Prize in June, 2024.
C．Poems only written by anyone age 18, living anywhere in the world.
D．Poems made up of more than 50 lines except titles , subtitles and blank lines.
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读理解
Of the tens of thousands of ships on the ocean bottom, only a handful, less than I percent, contain negotiable treasure, such as gold and jewels. Most give us a different priceless treasure — history. A sunken ship lies in trust, preserved in the airless environment of the sea and those in deep water are especially well protected. A sunken ship, therefore, can be a rare window through which a moment in time is glimpsed.
The wreck of HMS Endurance, which has finally been located deep beneath the icy seas of Antarctica after being lost 110 years ago, was arguably the most valuable shipwreck ever sought. That's because its discovery adds another thrilling new chapter to an already fascinating tale of perseverance and survival that has echoed down the decades and still inspires today.
Incredibly well preserved at a depth of almost two miles, the ship is little changed from the day in November 1914 when it finally sank beneath the ice. Endurance became embedded in ice while crossing Antarctica's Weddell Sea. The video shot by underwater search vehicles shows painted timbers, an undamaged guardrail (护栏), with the name "Endurance" written above the five-pointed symbol of a polar star.
"I tell you, you would have to be made of stone not to feel a bit soft at the sight of that star and the name above," Mensun Bound, the mission's marine archaeologist, told the: BBC. "You can see a porthole (舷窗) that is in Shackleton's cabin. At that moment, you really do feel the breath of the great man upon the back of your neck." Shackleton's leadership was crucial to getting his men out alive. The reason why Shackleton is still applauded as a great man becomes obvious when you consider what he achieved in the face of disasters and hardships during his 1914-16 expedition. The practicality and humanity he showed in the face of severe situations was arguably praised.
4．What makes Endurance the most valuable shipwreck
A．The treasure aboard. B．Its undamaged guardrail.
C．Its inspiring stories. D．The symbol of a polar star.
5．What can we know about Endurance when it is discovered
A．It is badly damaged at a depth of almost two miles.
B．It becomes fixed firmly and deeply beneath the icy seas
C．It is beyond recognition from the day when it finally sank
D．Its name above the five-pointed symbol of a polar star is gone.
6．What can we infer from Mensun Bound's words
A．The floating ice is as hard as stones.
B．The well-preserved shipwreck is amazing.
C．The discovery of Endurance is challenging.
D．The heroic deeds of Shackleton are touching.
7．What is the text type of the passage
A．A news report. B．A film review
C．A diary. D．A travel journal.
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读理解
According to a new Agriculture Department report, U. S. forests could exacerbate global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions (排放) from decaying (腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon absorption. Forests could become a "substantial carbon source" by 2070, the USDA report says.
The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging.
This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采). The typical tropical (热带的) forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis, professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. "Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can't keep doing that indefinitely," he said. "We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us."
U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. "As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions." Riley said.
8．What does the underlined word "exacerbate" in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Relieve. B．Worsen. C．Address. D．Measure.
9．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem.
B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters.
C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests.
D．The reasons for forests' declining ability to absorb carbon.
10．What does Simon Lew is suggest
A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions.
B．Dealing with decaying trees in time.
C．Planting younger trees on a large scale.
D．Limiting the exploitation of forest resources.
11．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．To stress the significance of forests.
B．To offer suggestions on forest management.
C．To present the efforts theU. S. has made to reach net zero.
D．To show the increasing carbon emissions from coal power plants.
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读理解
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism(机制) to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining (获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (有重大影响的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized (高度重视) new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now endlessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful (深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption (热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively.
12．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
13．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ____.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
14．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily (欣然地).
B．Use diverse information sources.
C．Be selective information consumers.
D．Protect the information environment.
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
D．The Marshmallow Test for Children.
二、第二部分，阅读，第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My, what a big beak you have!
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 16． In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already. happening. Climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species: bigger beaks (喙), limbs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 17． .
All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary (进化) theory, "Allen's rule". Allen suggested it in 1877, holding that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 18． Being richly filled with blood vessels (血管), and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat.
Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens (标本) to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors might have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places. They have little in common apart from living on a warming planet. 19． .
For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10% 20． Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go.
A. Therefore, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
B. That may change as warming accelerates (加速).
C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals' bodies.
F. Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.
G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.
三、第三部分，语言运用，第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My mother has always been one of those rare people that sees the good in everyone and does good things "just because". Life hasn't always been kind to her; she lost my oldest sister to leukemia (白血病) in 1963 and my father in 2007 after nearly 51 years of marriage.
She's had her ups and downs but has always 21． a positive, sunny outlook on life and been very 22． to people.
One day, my little sister fell and hurt her ankle, desperately needing a 23． to the hospital emergency room. My mother immediately 24． into crisis mode, packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital. In such a 25． , my mother didn't call to tell my father. When she got to the hospital, she realized she needed to 26． with my father immediately.
While waiting for my sister to be examined, my mother 27． her way to the pay phone to place her call. She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything. After she hung up, the phone 28． several additional coins that Mom wasn't owed.
Realizing that the phone was 29． , my mother decided to leave the 30． coins by the phone. She told us that in a crisis, people might not remember to bring 31． with them to make that emergency call.
I've often thought about her 32． from an adult's perspective I realize that someone seeing the money by he phone may have 33． taken it because not everyone was as 34． as my mother. But I like to believe that my mother's faith was 35． and that someone who needed them found the coins waiting there.
21．A． tolerated B． anticipated C． maintained D． expressed
22．A． patient B． helpful C． honest D． polite
23．A． rest B． stay C． lift D． visit
24．A． shifted B． cut C． looked D． stuck
25．A． way B． rush C． relief D． process
26．A． keep in line B． got in touch
C． make up D． make an appointment
27．A． felt B． made C． picked D． gave
28．A． returned B． found C． collected D． charged
29．A． smart B． ready C． broken D． convenient
30．A． different B． ancient C． rare D． extra
31．A． change B． phones C． luck D． chances
32．A． opportunity B． decision C． appointment D． encounter
33．A． obviously B． suddenly C． simply D． gradually
34．A． thoughtful B． grateful C． hopeful D． successful
35．A． hard-won B． newly-built
C． well-placed D． deeply-rooted
四、第三部分，语言运用，第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
"Cold the iron chains spanning over the Dadu River," Chairman Mao Zedong wrote in a poem, describing the do-or-die battle which took place on the Luding Bridge. The Bridge, 36． (measure) 103.67 meters in length and 3 meters in width, is located in Sichuan Province, which was 37． (original) built in 1705 during the Qing Dynasty. Near the Luding Bridge considered a historical landmark 38． (stand) a museum, in front of 39． there is a bronze statue of the soldiers whose spirit makes the bridge a household name.
Over 80 years ago, the bridge was crucial to the survival of the CPC-led Red Army during the Long March because if the soldiers had failed to dash through the Luding Bridge then, the Red Army might have been wiped out. Upon their 40． (arrive), the Red Army found only thirteen heavy iron chains left across the river. 41． no time to waste, one by one the Red soldiers ventured forward to risk their lives and of those who offered themselves, thirty were chosen. Though several soldiers fell into 42． fast-flowing river, the others crawled along the wood boards they 43． (lay) until they finally took control of the east bank.
Probably never before had people seen fighters like these — men for whom soldiering was not just a rice bowl, but a mission. They astonishingly accomplished 44． seemed like a task impossible and their 45． (courage) spirit will always stick in our mind.
五、第四部分，写作（共两节，满分40分）
46．（2024高二下·福州期末） 为了让学生更深入了解中国古诗词，你代表学生参加你校学生会举办的题为"我眼中的中国古诗"演讲比赛。内容包括：1. 简要介绍古诗：2. 欣赏古诗的方法和学习古诗的感悟；3. 期盼。
注意：（1）写作词数为80词左右：（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
Dear fellow students,
……
Thanks for your listening!
47．（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It had been a challenging but rewarding term, filled with hard work and a thirst for knowledge. As I handed in my final assignment and saw it was graded A, a sense of pride and satisfaction washed over me. Little did I know that my accomplishments had not gone unnoticed by my families, who had been closely observing my progress.
At the first day of summer vacation, my mother told me excitedly that we would pay a visit to Marco the next day to cheer for my progress in academic study. When I got the good news, I felt on top of the world and could not hold back my high spirits. As I lay in bed that night, a mix of anticipation and delight welled up in my heart, and I slid into a dream-filled sleep, eagerly awaiting the arrival of the coming adventure.
After we arrived in Marco, my parents said that we would first visit the Marco tower. Marco Tower, built in the late 19th century, is a historic landmark that showcases the rich architectural heritage of the city. It is also considered one of the top tourist attractions in the region. Upon hearing the inspiring news, I bounced up and down with joy. But then I felt a bit uneasy because of my fear of heights.
Inside the lift, my palms grew sweaty as the anxiety consumed me. I paced back and forth in the tower lift, unsure of whether I would have the courage. After the lift reached the specific floor, I gasped (倒吸一口气) in horror. The floor here was made of glass, so one could appreciate the height of the tower and take a real adventure. Seeing my family both take out their phones to shoot the grand views, I felt under pressure. Then my mother smiled at me and said delightedly, "Just take it easy and you can do it."
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I didn't know whether to stay or not.
……
I was totally struck by the height of the tower.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了2024年牛津诗歌奖的一些情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"The winner of the Oxford Poetry Prize receives 1,000, the runner-up 200, and third place 100."牛津诗歌奖冠军将获得1000英镑，亚军200英镑，季军100英镑。可知，如果你在牛津诗歌比赛中获得二等奖，你将获得200英镑的现金奖励。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"The deadline for submitting entries is midnight UTC (国际协调时间) on 31 August 2024."提交作品的截止日期是2024年8月31日国际协调时间午夜。可知，"2024年的比赛在2024年8月31日国际协调时间午夜结束"不正确。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"*Entries are welcome from 1 May 2024. The deadline for submitting entries is midnight UTC (国际协调时间) on 31 August 2024." * 2024年5月1日起接受报名。提交作品的截止日期是2024年8月31日国际协调时间午夜。可知，2024年6月提交给牛津诗歌奖的诗歌将有可能在牛津诗歌比赛中获奖。故选B。
【答案】4．C
5．B
6．D
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了有史以来最有价值的沉船Endurance的残骸的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"That's because its discovery adds another thrilling new chapter to an already fascinating tale of perseverance and survival that has echoed down the decades and still inspires today."这是因为它的发现为一个已经引人入胜的关于坚持不懈和生存的故事增添了另一个激动人心的新篇章，这个故事几十年来一直在回响，至今仍在激励着人们。可知，Endurance沉船被认为是最有价值的沉船在于其讲述的激励人的故事。故选C。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The wreck of HMS Endurance, which has finally been located deep beneath the icy seas of Antarctica after being lost 110 years ago, was arguably the most valuable shipwreck ever sought. "在失踪110年后，英国皇家海军"耐力"号的残骸终于被发现在南极洲冰冷的海底深处。可以说是有史以来最有价值的沉船。可知，当Endurance被发现时它被牢牢地固定在冰冷的海底。故选B。
6．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Shackleton's leadership was crucial to getting his men out alive. The reason why Shackleton is still applauded as a great man becomes obvious when you consider what he achieved in the face of disasters and hardships during his 1914-16 expedition. The practicality and humanity he showed in the face of severe situations was arguably praised."沙克尔顿的领导能力对于让他的人活着出来至关重要。当你考虑到沙克尔顿在1914年至1916年的探险中面对灾难和困难所取得的成就时，你就会明白为什么他仍然被誉为伟人。他在面对严峻形势时表现出的务实和人道主义精神无疑受到了赞扬。可推知，沙克尔顿的英雄事迹令人感动。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第二段的"The wreck of HMS Endurance, which has finally been located deep beneath the icy seas of Antarctica after being lost 110 years ago, was arguably the most valuable shipwreck ever sought."英国皇家海军"耐力"号的残骸在失踪110年后终于被发现在南极洲冰冷的海底深处，可以说是有史以来寻找的最有价值的沉船。引出了文章讲述的话题：HMS Endurance的残骸是有史以来最有价值的沉船。接着在下文讲述了沉船的经过及船长沙克尔顿的英勇精神。所以本文属于新闻报道。故选A。
【答案】8．B
9．D
10．A
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国农业部的一份新报告称森林在未来可能会加剧全球变暖，而非缓解全球变暖，到2070年，森林甚至可能会成为主要的碳排放者。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. "因为它们正在受到自然灾害的破坏，并且随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收地球变暖气体的能力。可知，森林受到自然灾害的破坏，且吸收温室气体的能力随着年龄在下降，所以可推知美国的森林可能会加剧全球变暖，划线词 exacerbate 的意思为"加剧，使恶化"。故选B。
9．考查段落大意。根据第二段"The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging."碳吸收的减少在一定程度上是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温的上升，这些自然灾害的频率和强度都在增加。美国森林基金会气候科学高级经理Lynn Riley表示，这些灾难破坏了林地，破坏了其生态系统，降低了其吸收碳的能力。老化的森林也起到了推波助澜的作用。报告发现，年龄较大、成熟的树木吸收的碳比同一物种的年轻树木少，美国的森林正在迅速老化。可知，本段主要列举了几个导致森林吸收碳能力减少的原因，如自然灾害、森林老化等。故选D。
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us. "我们需要在全球碳循环开始对我们不利之前减少化石燃料的排放。可知，Simon Lewis建议减少化石燃料排放。故选A。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. ‘As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.' Riley said."根据这份报告，美国森林目前吸收了美国11%的碳排放量，即每年1.5亿吨碳，相当于40座燃煤电厂的总排放量。森林作为天然碳吸收器的损失将要求美国更快地减少排放，以达到净零排放。"在我们努力脱碳的过程中，森林是我们处理的最好工具之一。如果我们失去了这一点，这意味着我们将贡献更多的排放。"莱利说。可知，森林在吸收碳方面起着重要作用，如果森林消失，意味着对排放量有非常高的要求，所以本段主要是在强调森林的重要性。故选A。
【答案】12．D
13．C
14．C
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福棉花糖实验的原理，以及将其类比到成人面对信息诱惑时的自控挑战，强调在信息丰富的时代需谨慎选择信息消费。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat."每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。可知，孩子们需要等待15分钟后再吃糖果，才能得到第二份奖励。故选D。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining(获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat."但是，随着我们重塑了周围的世界，大大减少了获取热量的成本和努力，我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，而这种不匹配是我们中许多人难以抗拒我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
14．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful(深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption(热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental ‘junk food' in order to manage our time most effectively."因此，正如我们需要对自己的热量消耗更加深思熟虑一样，我们也需要对自己信息的消耗更加深思熟虑，抵制精神上"垃圾食品"的诱惑，才能最有效地管理我们的时间。可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选C。
15．考查标题归纳。根据第二段"As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets —all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers."作为成年人，我们每天都要面对一个版本的棉花糖测试。我们不被甜食所诱惑，而是被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑所诱惑——所有这些设备都将我们连接到全球各种类型的信息传递系统，这些信息对我们的影响就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的影响一样。可知，本文介绍的是在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对的信息诱惑与自我控制问题，类比儿童面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神"垃圾食品"，"成年人的棉花糖测试"适合作本文标题。故选C。
【答案】16．C；17．G；18．F；19．A；20．B
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful."对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是一个技术问题。更多的空调，更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于减少全球变暖的危害。可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。 C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. "动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。"承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，符合语境，故选C。
17．根据空前"In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern."例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式。列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。可推知，此处承接上文，继续举例。G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings."哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀"是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子，符合语境，故选G。
18．根据空前"All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary (进化) theory, ‘Allen's rule'. Allen suggested it in 1877, holding that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions."所有这些都完全符合进化论的"艾伦法则"。艾伦在1877年提出了这个观点，他认为生活在炎热地区的温血动物往往比生活在温带地区的动物有更大的身体部位。可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，F. Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat."这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。"解释了这种现象的产生原因；且空后"Being richly filled with blood vessels (血管), and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat."喙部充满了血管，没有被羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。举例说明动物的这种适应性。故选F。
19．根据空前"Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens (标本) to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors might have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places. They have little in common apart from living on a warming planet."赖丁检查了博物馆的标本，以证明气候变化是导致解剖结构变化的原因。各种各样的其他因素可能推动了这些变化。她的团队结合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据。除了生活在一个变暖的星球上，它们几乎没有什么共同之处。可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，对生物结构变化的原因进行解释说明。A. Therefore, climate change is the most reasonable explanation."因此，气候变化是最合理的解释"符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前"For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%."至少就目前而言，增幅很小，不会超过10%；以及空后"Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go."由于任何进化适应都伴随着权衡，目前尚不清楚这个过程会走多远。可知，上文提到了目前的情况，推测本句是在说明未来可能会发生何种改变。 B. That may change as warming accelerates (加速). "随着气候变暖的加速，这可能会改变"符合语境，故选B。
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．D；24．A；25．B；26．B；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．D；31．A；32．B；33．C；34．A；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的妹妹受伤以后被送往医院，当妈妈在使用公用电话的时候，选择把零钱留给其他需要帮助的人的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：她经历了起起伏伏，但一直保持着积极、乐观的人生观，对别人也很有帮助。A. tolerated"容忍"；B. anticipated"期望"；C. maintained"保持"；D. expressed"表达"。根据空后"a positive, sunny outlook on life"积极乐观的人生观。可知，此处是指保持积极乐观的人生观。故选C。
22．句意：她经历了起起伏伏，但一直保持着积极、乐观的人生观，对别人也很有帮助。A. patient"耐心的"；B. helpful"有帮助的"；C. honest"诚实的"；D. polite"有礼貌的"。根据上文可知，母亲一直保持着积极乐观的人生观，所以此处应该是指对别人是有帮助的。故选B。
23．句意：有一天，我的小妹妹摔倒了，伤了脚踝，急需去医院急诊室就诊。A. rest"休息"；B. stay "逗留"；C. lift"电梯"；D. visit"拜访、就诊"。根据空后"to the hospital emergency room"去医院急诊室，可知，此处指去急诊室就诊。故选D。
24．句意：母亲立即进入紧急状态，把妹妹塞进车里，开车去了当地的医院。A. shifted"转换"；B. cut"切割"；C. looked"看"；D. stuck"粘贴"。根据空后"packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital."把我妹妹装进车里，开到我们当地的医院。可知，此处是指母亲立即转换到紧急状态。故选A。
25．句意：在这样的匆忙中，我母亲没有打电话告诉我父亲。A. way"方法"；B. rush"匆忙"；C. relief"宽慰"；D. process"程序"。根据空后"my mother didn't call to tell my father."我妈妈没有打电话告诉我爸爸。可知，母亲很忙。故选B。
26．句意：当她到达医院时，她意识到她需要立即与我父亲取得联系。A. keep in line"保持秩序"；B. got in touch"取得联系"；C. make up"组成"；D. make an appointment"预约"。根据下文"She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything."她把硬币放进去，打电话给我父亲，告诉了他一切。可知，此处是指与父亲取得联系。故选B。
27．句意：在等我妹妹检查的时候，妈妈前往公用电话跟前打了个电话。A. felt"感觉"；B. made"制作"；C. picked"采摘"；D. gave"给"。根据空后"her way"可知，此处用固定短语make ones way"前往"，表示去公用电话处打电话。故选B。
28．句意：她把硬币放进去，打电话给我父亲，告诉了他一切。她挂断电话后，电话又退回了几枚妈妈不欠的硬币。A. returned"返还"；B. found"发现"；C. collected"收集"；D. charged"控告"。根据空后"coins that Mom wasn't owed"妈妈不欠的硬币，可知，此处是指电话退回硬币。故选A。
29．句意：意识到电话中断了，我妈妈决定把多余的硬币留在电话旁边。A. smart"聪明的"；B. ready "准备好的"；C. broken"破碎的，中断的"；D. convenient"方便的"。根据上文"After she hung up"她挂断电话后，可知，此处是指电话中断了。故选C。
30．句意：意识到电话中断了，我妈妈决定把多余的硬币留在电话旁边。A. different"不同的"；B. ancient"古代的"；C. rare"罕见的"；D. extra"额外的，多余的"。根据上文"additional coins"可知，此处是指多余的硬币。故选D。
31．句意：她告诉我们，在危机中，人们可能不记得随身携带零钱拨打紧急电话。A. change"零钱"；B. phones"电话"；C. luck"运气"；D. chances"机会"。根据上文"additional coins"可知，此处是指，随身携带零钱拨打紧急电话。故选A。
32．句意：我经常从一个成年人的角度来思考她的决定。A. opportunity"机会"；B. decision"决定"；C. appointment"预约"；D. encounter"偶遇"。根据上文"my mother decided to"我妈妈决定，可知，此处是指从成年人角度思考她的决定。故选B。
33．句意：我意识到有人看到电话里的钱可能只是拿走了，因为不是每个人都像我母亲那样体贴。A. obviously"明显地"；B. suddenly"突然地"；C. simply"仅仅，只是"；D. gradually"逐渐地"。根据空后"taken it"可知，此处是指只是把电话里的钱拿走。故选C。
34．句意：我意识到有人看到电话里的钱可能只是拿走了，因为不是每个人都像我母亲那样体贴。A. thoughtful"考虑周到的"；B. grateful"感激的"；C. hopeful"有希望的"；D. successful"成功的"。根据上文可知，母亲把把电话里多余的硬币留给有需要的人，说明母亲是考虑周到的。故选A。
35．句意：但我愿意相信我母亲的信仰是根深蒂固的，有人需要它们时，会发现硬币在那里等着。A. hard-won"难得的"；B. newly-built"新建的"；C. well-placed"置于适当地点的"；D. deeply-rooted"根深蒂固的"。根据空后"someone who needed them found the coins waiting there."需要它们的人发现硬币在那里等着。可知，妈妈的信仰是根深蒂固的。故选D。
【答案】36．measuring；37．originally；38．stands；39．which；40．arrival；41．With；42．the；43．had laid；44．what；45．courageous
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了泸定桥的历史知识。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，时态，定语从句，名词，介词，冠词，宾语从句，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：这座桥位于四川省，长103.67米，宽3米，始建于清朝1705年。measure表示"(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为"时，是系动词，不用于被动语态及进行时态，此处现在分词作定语。故填measuring。
37．句意：这座桥位于四川省，长103.67米，宽3米，始建于清朝1705年。此处修饰动词build，应用副词originally"起初"，作状语。故填originally。
38．句意：在被认为是历史地标的泸定桥附近矗立着一座博物馆，博物馆前有一座士兵的铜像，他们的精神使泸定桥成为家喻户晓的名字。此处是谓语动词，陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，此句是完全倒装句，主语为a museum，故填stands。
39．句意：在被认为是历史地标的泸定桥附近矗立着一座博物馆，博物馆前有一座士兵的铜像，他们的精神使泸定桥成为家喻户晓的名字。 in front of there is a bronze statue of the soldiers whose spirit makes the bridge a household name 是"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a museum，指物，关系词替代先行词作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
40．句意：当他们到达时，红军发现河对岸只剩下13条沉重的铁链。upon one's arrival固定短语，"某人一到"，故填arrival。
41．句意：没有时间浪费了，红军战士一个接一个地冒着生命危险前进，在那些献出生命的人中，有三十人被选中。此处是with复合结构作伴随状语，with no time to waste表示"没有时间浪费"，首字母大写。故填With。
42．句意：虽然有几个士兵掉进了湍急的河水中，但其他人沿着他们铺设的木板爬行，直到他们最终控制了东岸。此处river为特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
43．句意：虽然有几个士兵掉进了湍急的河水中，但其他人沿着他们铺设的木板爬行，直到他们最终控制了东岸。此处是定语从句谓语动词，铺设木板发生在爬行之前，即过去的过去用过去完成时。故填had laid。
44．句意：他们惊人地完成了看似不可能完成的任务，他们勇敢的精神将永远留在我们的脑海中。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
45．句意：他们惊人地完成了看似不可能完成的任务，他们勇敢的精神将永远留在我们的脑海中。此处修饰名词spirit，应用形容词courageous"勇敢的"，作定语。故填courageous。
46．【答案】Dear fellow students,
It's my great pleasure to deliver a speech themed "Ancient Chinese Poetry in My Eyes" and share my understanding of Chinese ancient poetry on behalf of us students.
The ancient Chinese poetry is part of our traditional Chinese culture, which enjoys great popularity at home and abroad. It is more than just words on a page. It's also a window to our cultural heritage. To appreciate poems, we should immerse ourselves in the language and read poems repetitively, making them easier to understand. Moreover, it is beneficial to learn the background information about the author, which enables us to discover the hidden meanings the poem conveys. Appreciating ancient Chinese poems is not only extremely meaningful but also an effective way to cherish this literary treasure.
I hope this activity will spark students' lifelong love of Chinese poetry and we'll have fun learning ancient Chinese poems. Thanks for your listening!
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生代表学生参加你校学生会举办的题为"我眼中的中国古诗"演讲比赛。写作背景： 为了让学生更深入了解中国古诗词 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 简要介绍古诗：2. 欣赏古诗的方法和学习古诗的感悟；3. 期盼。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It's my great pleasure to deliver a speech themed "Ancient Chinese Poetry in My Eyes" and share my understanding of Chinese ancient poetry on behalf of us students. 运用了it作形式主语，过去分词作定语；The ancient Chinese poetry is part of our traditional Chinese culture, which enjoys great popularity at home and abroad. 运用了非限制性定语从句； To appreciate poems, we should immerse ourselves in the language and read poems repetitively, making them easier to understand. 运用了不定式作目的状语，现在分词作状语；Moreover, it is beneficial to learn the background information about the author, which enables us to discover the hidden meanings the poem conveys.运用了it作形式主语，非限制性定语从句； I hope this activity will spark students' lifelong love of Chinese poetry and we'll have fun learning ancient Chinese poems. 运用了宾语从句，并列句；Thanks for your listening!运用了祈使句。
47．【答案】I didn't know whether to stay or not. The thought of exploring new places, and creating lasting memories with my family was undeniably inviting However, it was obviously too challenging for me to step on to that glass. As I weighed the options in my mind, my mother's words echoed in m y ears, reminding me of the courage and confidence I used to have. With a deep breath, I made up my mind that I would seize this opportunity and embrace the adventure that awaited me in Marco.
I was totally struck by the height of the tower. My eyes were immediately drawn to the magnificent structure that stood tall in the city center-Marco Tower. Its charm was without equal, its soaring height dominating the skyline. I couldn't help feeling a mixture of awe and admiration. I reminded myself of the encouragement from my loved ones. As we left the tower, I expressed my gratitude to my mother for her consistent support. She taught me an important lesson that day — with a little encouragement, we can achieve extraordinary things.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者考试成绩好，和家人一起外出旅行。结果在爬一座高塔时，作者犹豫了，有些恐高。但一想到和家人一起冒险，作者爬上了高塔，也看到了与众不同的景色。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"我不知道该不该留下来"可知，第一段可描写作者内心的纠结和矛盾，以及最终决定爬上去。②由第二段首句内容"我被塔的高度完全震撼了"可知，第二段可描写作者在塔上看到的景色以及感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如However, it was obviously too challenging for me to step on to that glass. 运用了it作形式主语；As I weighed the options in my mind, my mother's words echoed in my ears, reminding me of the courage and confidence I used to have. 运用了时间状语从句，现在分词作状语，限制性定语从句；With a deep breath, I made up my mind that I would seize this opportunity and embrace the adventure that awaited me in Marco运用了宾语从句，限制性定语从句；My eyes were immediately drawn to the magnificent structure that stood tall in the city center-Marco Tower. 运用了限制性定语从句； Its charm was without equal, its soaring height dominating the skyline.运用了独立主格结构； As we left the tower, I expressed my gratitude to my mother for her consistent support. 运用了时间状语从句。
1 / 1福建省福州市六校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题
一、第二部分，阅读，第一节，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读理解
THE 2024 OXFORD POETRY PRIZE
Oxford Poetry hosts the annual Oxford Poetry Prize, awarded for a single poem in the English language. The 2024 Prize opens on I May 2024. The guest judge is Rachel Long. The winner of the Oxford Poetry Prize receives 1,000, the runner-up 200, and third place 100. All cash prizes will be paid out in full no later than 90 days after the public announcement of the judge's decision. The winning poets are also offered publication in Oxford Poetry.
About the 2024 guest judge
Rachel Long's debut collection, My Darling from the Lions(Picador, 2020/Tin House, 2021), was shortlisted for the Forward Prize for Best First Collection, The Costa Book Award, The Rathbones Folio Prize, and The Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year Award. The US edition featured in the New York Times Book Review and was named one of the 100 must-read books of 2021 by TIME.
Submission guidelines
*Each poem must consist of no more than 50 lines. Blank lines, titles, subtitles, and dedications (献词) are not counted as lines.
*The Competition is open to writers living anywhere in the world.
*Poems submitted to the Oxford Poetry Prize must not have been previously published elsewhere, whether in print or online(including but not limited to blogs, websites, and social media).
Terms and conditions.
*The competition is open to anyone age 18 or over on the date of their submission. Submission of a poem to the Oxford Poetry Prize constitutes the entrant's (参赛者的) acceptance of these terms and conditions. Entries that do not obey these terms and conditions will be disqualified from the competition.
*Entries are welcome from 1 May 2024. The deadline for submitting entries is midnight UTC (国际协调时间) on 31 August 2024. Works received after that date will not be considered.
1．If you win the second prize in the Oxford Poetry competition, you will be awarded ____ in cash.
A． 200 B． 100 C． 1,000 D． 300
2．Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage
A．The Oxford Poetry competition is held once a year.
B．The 2024 guest judge, Rachel Long won awards before 2024.
C．The year 2024's competition closes at midnight UTC on 31 August 2024.
D．All cash prize will be paid out in full over 90 days after the public announcement of the judge's decision.
3．____ will have the possibility to be awarded in the Oxford Poetry competition.
A．Poems printed in the newspaper previously.
B．Poems submitted to the Oxford Poetry Prize in June, 2024.
C．Poems only written by anyone age 18, living anywhere in the world.
D．Poems made up of more than 50 lines except titles , subtitles and blank lines.
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了2024年牛津诗歌奖的一些情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"The winner of the Oxford Poetry Prize receives 1,000, the runner-up 200, and third place 100."牛津诗歌奖冠军将获得1000英镑，亚军200英镑，季军100英镑。可知，如果你在牛津诗歌比赛中获得二等奖，你将获得200英镑的现金奖励。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"The deadline for submitting entries is midnight UTC (国际协调时间) on 31 August 2024."提交作品的截止日期是2024年8月31日国际协调时间午夜。可知，"2024年的比赛在2024年8月31日国际协调时间午夜结束"不正确。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"*Entries are welcome from 1 May 2024. The deadline for submitting entries is midnight UTC (国际协调时间) on 31 August 2024." * 2024年5月1日起接受报名。提交作品的截止日期是2024年8月31日国际协调时间午夜。可知，2024年6月提交给牛津诗歌奖的诗歌将有可能在牛津诗歌比赛中获奖。故选B。
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读理解
Of the tens of thousands of ships on the ocean bottom, only a handful, less than I percent, contain negotiable treasure, such as gold and jewels. Most give us a different priceless treasure — history. A sunken ship lies in trust, preserved in the airless environment of the sea and those in deep water are especially well protected. A sunken ship, therefore, can be a rare window through which a moment in time is glimpsed.
The wreck of HMS Endurance, which has finally been located deep beneath the icy seas of Antarctica after being lost 110 years ago, was arguably the most valuable shipwreck ever sought. That's because its discovery adds another thrilling new chapter to an already fascinating tale of perseverance and survival that has echoed down the decades and still inspires today.
Incredibly well preserved at a depth of almost two miles, the ship is little changed from the day in November 1914 when it finally sank beneath the ice. Endurance became embedded in ice while crossing Antarctica's Weddell Sea. The video shot by underwater search vehicles shows painted timbers, an undamaged guardrail (护栏), with the name "Endurance" written above the five-pointed symbol of a polar star.
"I tell you, you would have to be made of stone not to feel a bit soft at the sight of that star and the name above," Mensun Bound, the mission's marine archaeologist, told the: BBC. "You can see a porthole (舷窗) that is in Shackleton's cabin. At that moment, you really do feel the breath of the great man upon the back of your neck." Shackleton's leadership was crucial to getting his men out alive. The reason why Shackleton is still applauded as a great man becomes obvious when you consider what he achieved in the face of disasters and hardships during his 1914-16 expedition. The practicality and humanity he showed in the face of severe situations was arguably praised.
4．What makes Endurance the most valuable shipwreck
A．The treasure aboard. B．Its undamaged guardrail.
C．Its inspiring stories. D．The symbol of a polar star.
5．What can we know about Endurance when it is discovered
A．It is badly damaged at a depth of almost two miles.
B．It becomes fixed firmly and deeply beneath the icy seas
C．It is beyond recognition from the day when it finally sank
D．Its name above the five-pointed symbol of a polar star is gone.
6．What can we infer from Mensun Bound's words
A．The floating ice is as hard as stones.
B．The well-preserved shipwreck is amazing.
C．The discovery of Endurance is challenging.
D．The heroic deeds of Shackleton are touching.
7．What is the text type of the passage
A．A news report. B．A film review
C．A diary. D．A travel journal.
【答案】4．C
5．B
6．D
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了有史以来最有价值的沉船Endurance的残骸的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"That's because its discovery adds another thrilling new chapter to an already fascinating tale of perseverance and survival that has echoed down the decades and still inspires today."这是因为它的发现为一个已经引人入胜的关于坚持不懈和生存的故事增添了另一个激动人心的新篇章，这个故事几十年来一直在回响，至今仍在激励着人们。可知，Endurance沉船被认为是最有价值的沉船在于其讲述的激励人的故事。故选C。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The wreck of HMS Endurance, which has finally been located deep beneath the icy seas of Antarctica after being lost 110 years ago, was arguably the most valuable shipwreck ever sought. "在失踪110年后，英国皇家海军"耐力"号的残骸终于被发现在南极洲冰冷的海底深处。可以说是有史以来最有价值的沉船。可知，当Endurance被发现时它被牢牢地固定在冰冷的海底。故选B。
6．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Shackleton's leadership was crucial to getting his men out alive. The reason why Shackleton is still applauded as a great man becomes obvious when you consider what he achieved in the face of disasters and hardships during his 1914-16 expedition. The practicality and humanity he showed in the face of severe situations was arguably praised."沙克尔顿的领导能力对于让他的人活着出来至关重要。当你考虑到沙克尔顿在1914年至1916年的探险中面对灾难和困难所取得的成就时，你就会明白为什么他仍然被誉为伟人。他在面对严峻形势时表现出的务实和人道主义精神无疑受到了赞扬。可推知，沙克尔顿的英雄事迹令人感动。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第二段的"The wreck of HMS Endurance, which has finally been located deep beneath the icy seas of Antarctica after being lost 110 years ago, was arguably the most valuable shipwreck ever sought."英国皇家海军"耐力"号的残骸在失踪110年后终于被发现在南极洲冰冷的海底深处，可以说是有史以来寻找的最有价值的沉船。引出了文章讲述的话题：HMS Endurance的残骸是有史以来最有价值的沉船。接着在下文讲述了沉船的经过及船长沙克尔顿的英勇精神。所以本文属于新闻报道。故选A。
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读理解
According to a new Agriculture Department report, U. S. forests could exacerbate global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions (排放) from decaying (腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon absorption. Forests could become a "substantial carbon source" by 2070, the USDA report says.
The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging.
This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采). The typical tropical (热带的) forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis, professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. "Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can't keep doing that indefinitely," he said. "We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us."
U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. "As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions." Riley said.
8．What does the underlined word "exacerbate" in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Relieve. B．Worsen. C．Address. D．Measure.
9．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem.
B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters.
C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests.
D．The reasons for forests' declining ability to absorb carbon.
10．What does Simon Lew is suggest
A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions.
B．Dealing with decaying trees in time.
C．Planting younger trees on a large scale.
D．Limiting the exploitation of forest resources.
11．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．To stress the significance of forests.
B．To offer suggestions on forest management.
C．To present the efforts theU. S. has made to reach net zero.
D．To show the increasing carbon emissions from coal power plants.
【答案】8．B
9．D
10．A
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国农业部的一份新报告称森林在未来可能会加剧全球变暖，而非缓解全球变暖，到2070年，森林甚至可能会成为主要的碳排放者。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. "因为它们正在受到自然灾害的破坏，并且随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收地球变暖气体的能力。可知，森林受到自然灾害的破坏，且吸收温室气体的能力随着年龄在下降，所以可推知美国的森林可能会加剧全球变暖，划线词 exacerbate 的意思为"加剧，使恶化"。故选B。
9．考查段落大意。根据第二段"The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging."碳吸收的减少在一定程度上是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温的上升，这些自然灾害的频率和强度都在增加。美国森林基金会气候科学高级经理Lynn Riley表示，这些灾难破坏了林地，破坏了其生态系统，降低了其吸收碳的能力。老化的森林也起到了推波助澜的作用。报告发现，年龄较大、成熟的树木吸收的碳比同一物种的年轻树木少，美国的森林正在迅速老化。可知，本段主要列举了几个导致森林吸收碳能力减少的原因，如自然灾害、森林老化等。故选D。
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us. "我们需要在全球碳循环开始对我们不利之前减少化石燃料的排放。可知，Simon Lewis建议减少化石燃料排放。故选A。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. ‘As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.' Riley said."根据这份报告，美国森林目前吸收了美国11%的碳排放量，即每年1.5亿吨碳，相当于40座燃煤电厂的总排放量。森林作为天然碳吸收器的损失将要求美国更快地减少排放，以达到净零排放。"在我们努力脱碳的过程中，森林是我们处理的最好工具之一。如果我们失去了这一点，这意味着我们将贡献更多的排放。"莱利说。可知，森林在吸收碳方面起着重要作用，如果森林消失，意味着对排放量有非常高的要求，所以本段主要是在强调森林的重要性。故选A。
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读理解
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism(机制) to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining (获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (有重大影响的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized (高度重视) new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now endlessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful (深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption (热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively.
12．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
13．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ____.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
14．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily (欣然地).
B．Use diverse information sources.
C．Be selective information consumers.
D．Protect the information environment.
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
D．The Marshmallow Test for Children.
【答案】12．D
13．C
14．C
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福棉花糖实验的原理，以及将其类比到成人面对信息诱惑时的自控挑战，强调在信息丰富的时代需谨慎选择信息消费。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat."每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。可知，孩子们需要等待15分钟后再吃糖果，才能得到第二份奖励。故选D。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining(获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat."但是，随着我们重塑了周围的世界，大大减少了获取热量的成本和努力，我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，而这种不匹配是我们中许多人难以抗拒我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
14．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful(深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption(热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental ‘junk food' in order to manage our time most effectively."因此，正如我们需要对自己的热量消耗更加深思熟虑一样，我们也需要对自己信息的消耗更加深思熟虑，抵制精神上"垃圾食品"的诱惑，才能最有效地管理我们的时间。可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选C。
15．考查标题归纳。根据第二段"As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets —all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers."作为成年人，我们每天都要面对一个版本的棉花糖测试。我们不被甜食所诱惑，而是被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑所诱惑——所有这些设备都将我们连接到全球各种类型的信息传递系统，这些信息对我们的影响就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的影响一样。可知，本文介绍的是在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对的信息诱惑与自我控制问题，类比儿童面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神"垃圾食品"，"成年人的棉花糖测试"适合作本文标题。故选C。
二、第二部分，阅读，第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My, what a big beak you have!
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 16． In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already. happening. Climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species: bigger beaks (喙), limbs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 17． .
All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary (进化) theory, "Allen's rule". Allen suggested it in 1877, holding that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 18． Being richly filled with blood vessels (血管), and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat.
Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens (标本) to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors might have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places. They have little in common apart from living on a warming planet. 19． .
For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10% 20． Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go.
A. Therefore, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
B. That may change as warming accelerates (加速).
C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals' bodies.
F. Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.
G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.
【答案】16．C；17．G；18．F；19．A；20．B
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful."对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是一个技术问题。更多的空调，更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于减少全球变暖的危害。可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。 C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. "动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。"承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，符合语境，故选C。
17．根据空前"In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern."例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式。列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。可推知，此处承接上文，继续举例。G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings."哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀"是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子，符合语境，故选G。
18．根据空前"All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary (进化) theory, ‘Allen's rule'. Allen suggested it in 1877, holding that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions."所有这些都完全符合进化论的"艾伦法则"。艾伦在1877年提出了这个观点，他认为生活在炎热地区的温血动物往往比生活在温带地区的动物有更大的身体部位。可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，F. Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat."这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。"解释了这种现象的产生原因；且空后"Being richly filled with blood vessels (血管), and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat."喙部充满了血管，没有被羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。举例说明动物的这种适应性。故选F。
19．根据空前"Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens (标本) to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors might have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places. They have little in common apart from living on a warming planet."赖丁检查了博物馆的标本，以证明气候变化是导致解剖结构变化的原因。各种各样的其他因素可能推动了这些变化。她的团队结合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据。除了生活在一个变暖的星球上，它们几乎没有什么共同之处。可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，对生物结构变化的原因进行解释说明。A. Therefore, climate change is the most reasonable explanation."因此，气候变化是最合理的解释"符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前"For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%."至少就目前而言，增幅很小，不会超过10%；以及空后"Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go."由于任何进化适应都伴随着权衡，目前尚不清楚这个过程会走多远。可知，上文提到了目前的情况，推测本句是在说明未来可能会发生何种改变。 B. That may change as warming accelerates (加速). "随着气候变暖的加速，这可能会改变"符合语境，故选B。
三、第三部分，语言运用，第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My mother has always been one of those rare people that sees the good in everyone and does good things "just because". Life hasn't always been kind to her; she lost my oldest sister to leukemia (白血病) in 1963 and my father in 2007 after nearly 51 years of marriage.
She's had her ups and downs but has always 21． a positive, sunny outlook on life and been very 22． to people.
One day, my little sister fell and hurt her ankle, desperately needing a 23． to the hospital emergency room. My mother immediately 24． into crisis mode, packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital. In such a 25． , my mother didn't call to tell my father. When she got to the hospital, she realized she needed to 26． with my father immediately.
While waiting for my sister to be examined, my mother 27． her way to the pay phone to place her call. She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything. After she hung up, the phone 28． several additional coins that Mom wasn't owed.
Realizing that the phone was 29． , my mother decided to leave the 30． coins by the phone. She told us that in a crisis, people might not remember to bring 31． with them to make that emergency call.
I've often thought about her 32． from an adult's perspective I realize that someone seeing the money by he phone may have 33． taken it because not everyone was as 34． as my mother. But I like to believe that my mother's faith was 35． and that someone who needed them found the coins waiting there.
21．A． tolerated B． anticipated C． maintained D． expressed
22．A． patient B． helpful C． honest D． polite
23．A． rest B． stay C． lift D． visit
24．A． shifted B． cut C． looked D． stuck
25．A． way B． rush C． relief D． process
26．A． keep in line B． got in touch
C． make up D． make an appointment
27．A． felt B． made C． picked D． gave
28．A． returned B． found C． collected D． charged
29．A． smart B． ready C． broken D． convenient
30．A． different B． ancient C． rare D． extra
31．A． change B． phones C． luck D． chances
32．A． opportunity B． decision C． appointment D． encounter
33．A． obviously B． suddenly C． simply D． gradually
34．A． thoughtful B． grateful C． hopeful D． successful
35．A． hard-won B． newly-built
C． well-placed D． deeply-rooted
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．D；24．A；25．B；26．B；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．D；31．A；32．B；33．C；34．A；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的妹妹受伤以后被送往医院，当妈妈在使用公用电话的时候，选择把零钱留给其他需要帮助的人的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：她经历了起起伏伏，但一直保持着积极、乐观的人生观，对别人也很有帮助。A. tolerated"容忍"；B. anticipated"期望"；C. maintained"保持"；D. expressed"表达"。根据空后"a positive, sunny outlook on life"积极乐观的人生观。可知，此处是指保持积极乐观的人生观。故选C。
22．句意：她经历了起起伏伏，但一直保持着积极、乐观的人生观，对别人也很有帮助。A. patient"耐心的"；B. helpful"有帮助的"；C. honest"诚实的"；D. polite"有礼貌的"。根据上文可知，母亲一直保持着积极乐观的人生观，所以此处应该是指对别人是有帮助的。故选B。
23．句意：有一天，我的小妹妹摔倒了，伤了脚踝，急需去医院急诊室就诊。A. rest"休息"；B. stay "逗留"；C. lift"电梯"；D. visit"拜访、就诊"。根据空后"to the hospital emergency room"去医院急诊室，可知，此处指去急诊室就诊。故选D。
24．句意：母亲立即进入紧急状态，把妹妹塞进车里，开车去了当地的医院。A. shifted"转换"；B. cut"切割"；C. looked"看"；D. stuck"粘贴"。根据空后"packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital."把我妹妹装进车里，开到我们当地的医院。可知，此处是指母亲立即转换到紧急状态。故选A。
25．句意：在这样的匆忙中，我母亲没有打电话告诉我父亲。A. way"方法"；B. rush"匆忙"；C. relief"宽慰"；D. process"程序"。根据空后"my mother didn't call to tell my father."我妈妈没有打电话告诉我爸爸。可知，母亲很忙。故选B。
26．句意：当她到达医院时，她意识到她需要立即与我父亲取得联系。A. keep in line"保持秩序"；B. got in touch"取得联系"；C. make up"组成"；D. make an appointment"预约"。根据下文"She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything."她把硬币放进去，打电话给我父亲，告诉了他一切。可知，此处是指与父亲取得联系。故选B。
27．句意：在等我妹妹检查的时候，妈妈前往公用电话跟前打了个电话。A. felt"感觉"；B. made"制作"；C. picked"采摘"；D. gave"给"。根据空后"her way"可知，此处用固定短语make ones way"前往"，表示去公用电话处打电话。故选B。
28．句意：她把硬币放进去，打电话给我父亲，告诉了他一切。她挂断电话后，电话又退回了几枚妈妈不欠的硬币。A. returned"返还"；B. found"发现"；C. collected"收集"；D. charged"控告"。根据空后"coins that Mom wasn't owed"妈妈不欠的硬币，可知，此处是指电话退回硬币。故选A。
29．句意：意识到电话中断了，我妈妈决定把多余的硬币留在电话旁边。A. smart"聪明的"；B. ready "准备好的"；C. broken"破碎的，中断的"；D. convenient"方便的"。根据上文"After she hung up"她挂断电话后，可知，此处是指电话中断了。故选C。
30．句意：意识到电话中断了，我妈妈决定把多余的硬币留在电话旁边。A. different"不同的"；B. ancient"古代的"；C. rare"罕见的"；D. extra"额外的，多余的"。根据上文"additional coins"可知，此处是指多余的硬币。故选D。
31．句意：她告诉我们，在危机中，人们可能不记得随身携带零钱拨打紧急电话。A. change"零钱"；B. phones"电话"；C. luck"运气"；D. chances"机会"。根据上文"additional coins"可知，此处是指，随身携带零钱拨打紧急电话。故选A。
32．句意：我经常从一个成年人的角度来思考她的决定。A. opportunity"机会"；B. decision"决定"；C. appointment"预约"；D. encounter"偶遇"。根据上文"my mother decided to"我妈妈决定，可知，此处是指从成年人角度思考她的决定。故选B。
33．句意：我意识到有人看到电话里的钱可能只是拿走了，因为不是每个人都像我母亲那样体贴。A. obviously"明显地"；B. suddenly"突然地"；C. simply"仅仅，只是"；D. gradually"逐渐地"。根据空后"taken it"可知，此处是指只是把电话里的钱拿走。故选C。
34．句意：我意识到有人看到电话里的钱可能只是拿走了，因为不是每个人都像我母亲那样体贴。A. thoughtful"考虑周到的"；B. grateful"感激的"；C. hopeful"有希望的"；D. successful"成功的"。根据上文可知，母亲把把电话里多余的硬币留给有需要的人，说明母亲是考虑周到的。故选A。
35．句意：但我愿意相信我母亲的信仰是根深蒂固的，有人需要它们时，会发现硬币在那里等着。A. hard-won"难得的"；B. newly-built"新建的"；C. well-placed"置于适当地点的"；D. deeply-rooted"根深蒂固的"。根据空后"someone who needed them found the coins waiting there."需要它们的人发现硬币在那里等着。可知，妈妈的信仰是根深蒂固的。故选D。
四、第三部分，语言运用，第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
"Cold the iron chains spanning over the Dadu River," Chairman Mao Zedong wrote in a poem, describing the do-or-die battle which took place on the Luding Bridge. The Bridge, 36． (measure) 103.67 meters in length and 3 meters in width, is located in Sichuan Province, which was 37． (original) built in 1705 during the Qing Dynasty. Near the Luding Bridge considered a historical landmark 38． (stand) a museum, in front of 39． there is a bronze statue of the soldiers whose spirit makes the bridge a household name.
Over 80 years ago, the bridge was crucial to the survival of the CPC-led Red Army during the Long March because if the soldiers had failed to dash through the Luding Bridge then, the Red Army might have been wiped out. Upon their 40． (arrive), the Red Army found only thirteen heavy iron chains left across the river. 41． no time to waste, one by one the Red soldiers ventured forward to risk their lives and of those who offered themselves, thirty were chosen. Though several soldiers fell into 42． fast-flowing river, the others crawled along the wood boards they 43． (lay) until they finally took control of the east bank.
Probably never before had people seen fighters like these — men for whom soldiering was not just a rice bowl, but a mission. They astonishingly accomplished 44． seemed like a task impossible and their 45． (courage) spirit will always stick in our mind.
【答案】36．measuring；37．originally；38．stands；39．which；40．arrival；41．With；42．the；43．had laid；44．what；45．courageous
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了泸定桥的历史知识。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，时态，定语从句，名词，介词，冠词，宾语从句，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：这座桥位于四川省，长103.67米，宽3米，始建于清朝1705年。measure表示"(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为"时，是系动词，不用于被动语态及进行时态，此处现在分词作定语。故填measuring。
37．句意：这座桥位于四川省，长103.67米，宽3米，始建于清朝1705年。此处修饰动词build，应用副词originally"起初"，作状语。故填originally。
38．句意：在被认为是历史地标的泸定桥附近矗立着一座博物馆，博物馆前有一座士兵的铜像，他们的精神使泸定桥成为家喻户晓的名字。此处是谓语动词，陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，此句是完全倒装句，主语为a museum，故填stands。
39．句意：在被认为是历史地标的泸定桥附近矗立着一座博物馆，博物馆前有一座士兵的铜像，他们的精神使泸定桥成为家喻户晓的名字。 in front of there is a bronze statue of the soldiers whose spirit makes the bridge a household name 是"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a museum，指物，关系词替代先行词作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
40．句意：当他们到达时，红军发现河对岸只剩下13条沉重的铁链。upon one's arrival固定短语，"某人一到"，故填arrival。
41．句意：没有时间浪费了，红军战士一个接一个地冒着生命危险前进，在那些献出生命的人中，有三十人被选中。此处是with复合结构作伴随状语，with no time to waste表示"没有时间浪费"，首字母大写。故填With。
42．句意：虽然有几个士兵掉进了湍急的河水中，但其他人沿着他们铺设的木板爬行，直到他们最终控制了东岸。此处river为特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
43．句意：虽然有几个士兵掉进了湍急的河水中，但其他人沿着他们铺设的木板爬行，直到他们最终控制了东岸。此处是定语从句谓语动词，铺设木板发生在爬行之前，即过去的过去用过去完成时。故填had laid。
44．句意：他们惊人地完成了看似不可能完成的任务，他们勇敢的精神将永远留在我们的脑海中。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
45．句意：他们惊人地完成了看似不可能完成的任务，他们勇敢的精神将永远留在我们的脑海中。此处修饰名词spirit，应用形容词courageous"勇敢的"，作定语。故填courageous。
五、第四部分，写作（共两节，满分40分）
46．（2024高二下·福州期末） 为了让学生更深入了解中国古诗词，你代表学生参加你校学生会举办的题为"我眼中的中国古诗"演讲比赛。内容包括：1. 简要介绍古诗：2. 欣赏古诗的方法和学习古诗的感悟；3. 期盼。
注意：（1）写作词数为80词左右：（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
Dear fellow students,
……
Thanks for your listening!
【答案】Dear fellow students,
It's my great pleasure to deliver a speech themed "Ancient Chinese Poetry in My Eyes" and share my understanding of Chinese ancient poetry on behalf of us students.
The ancient Chinese poetry is part of our traditional Chinese culture, which enjoys great popularity at home and abroad. It is more than just words on a page. It's also a window to our cultural heritage. To appreciate poems, we should immerse ourselves in the language and read poems repetitively, making them easier to understand. Moreover, it is beneficial to learn the background information about the author, which enables us to discover the hidden meanings the poem conveys. Appreciating ancient Chinese poems is not only extremely meaningful but also an effective way to cherish this literary treasure.
I hope this activity will spark students' lifelong love of Chinese poetry and we'll have fun learning ancient Chinese poems. Thanks for your listening!
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生代表学生参加你校学生会举办的题为"我眼中的中国古诗"演讲比赛。写作背景： 为了让学生更深入了解中国古诗词 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 简要介绍古诗：2. 欣赏古诗的方法和学习古诗的感悟；3. 期盼。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It's my great pleasure to deliver a speech themed "Ancient Chinese Poetry in My Eyes" and share my understanding of Chinese ancient poetry on behalf of us students. 运用了it作形式主语，过去分词作定语；The ancient Chinese poetry is part of our traditional Chinese culture, which enjoys great popularity at home and abroad. 运用了非限制性定语从句； To appreciate poems, we should immerse ourselves in the language and read poems repetitively, making them easier to understand. 运用了不定式作目的状语，现在分词作状语；Moreover, it is beneficial to learn the background information about the author, which enables us to discover the hidden meanings the poem conveys.运用了it作形式主语，非限制性定语从句； I hope this activity will spark students' lifelong love of Chinese poetry and we'll have fun learning ancient Chinese poems. 运用了宾语从句，并列句；Thanks for your listening!运用了祈使句。
47．（2024高二下·福州期末） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It had been a challenging but rewarding term, filled with hard work and a thirst for knowledge. As I handed in my final assignment and saw it was graded A, a sense of pride and satisfaction washed over me. Little did I know that my accomplishments had not gone unnoticed by my families, who had been closely observing my progress.
At the first day of summer vacation, my mother told me excitedly that we would pay a visit to Marco the next day to cheer for my progress in academic study. When I got the good news, I felt on top of the world and could not hold back my high spirits. As I lay in bed that night, a mix of anticipation and delight welled up in my heart, and I slid into a dream-filled sleep, eagerly awaiting the arrival of the coming adventure.
After we arrived in Marco, my parents said that we would first visit the Marco tower. Marco Tower, built in the late 19th century, is a historic landmark that showcases the rich architectural heritage of the city. It is also considered one of the top tourist attractions in the region. Upon hearing the inspiring news, I bounced up and down with joy. But then I felt a bit uneasy because of my fear of heights.
Inside the lift, my palms grew sweaty as the anxiety consumed me. I paced back and forth in the tower lift, unsure of whether I would have the courage. After the lift reached the specific floor, I gasped (倒吸一口气) in horror. The floor here was made of glass, so one could appreciate the height of the tower and take a real adventure. Seeing my family both take out their phones to shoot the grand views, I felt under pressure. Then my mother smiled at me and said delightedly, "Just take it easy and you can do it."
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I didn't know whether to stay or not.
……
I was totally struck by the height of the tower.
【答案】I didn't know whether to stay or not. The thought of exploring new places, and creating lasting memories with my family was undeniably inviting However, it was obviously too challenging for me to step on to that glass. As I weighed the options in my mind, my mother's words echoed in m y ears, reminding me of the courage and confidence I used to have. With a deep breath, I made up my mind that I would seize this opportunity and embrace the adventure that awaited me in Marco.
I was totally struck by the height of the tower. My eyes were immediately drawn to the magnificent structure that stood tall in the city center-Marco Tower. Its charm was without equal, its soaring height dominating the skyline. I couldn't help feeling a mixture of awe and admiration. I reminded myself of the encouragement from my loved ones. As we left the tower, I expressed my gratitude to my mother for her consistent support. She taught me an important lesson that day — with a little encouragement, we can achieve extraordinary things.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者考试成绩好，和家人一起外出旅行。结果在爬一座高塔时，作者犹豫了，有些恐高。但一想到和家人一起冒险，作者爬上了高塔，也看到了与众不同的景色。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"我不知道该不该留下来"可知，第一段可描写作者内心的纠结和矛盾，以及最终决定爬上去。②由第二段首句内容"我被塔的高度完全震撼了"可知，第二段可描写作者在塔上看到的景色以及感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如However, it was obviously too challenging for me to step on to that glass. 运用了it作形式主语；As I weighed the options in my mind, my mother's words echoed in my ears, reminding me of the courage and confidence I used to have. 运用了时间状语从句，现在分词作状语，限制性定语从句；With a deep breath, I made up my mind that I would seize this opportunity and embrace the adventure that awaited me in Marco运用了宾语从句，限制性定语从句；My eyes were immediately drawn to the magnificent structure that stood tall in the city center-Marco Tower. 运用了限制性定语从句； Its charm was without equal, its soaring height dominating the skyline.运用了独立主格结构； As we left the tower, I expressed my gratitude to my mother for her consistent support. 运用了时间状语从句。
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