广东省佛山市第六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量检测考试英语试卷
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 阅读理解
Embark on an exhilarating expedition across the ancient trade routes, commencing your 5-day odyssey from the heart of China to the vibrant lands of Central Asia.
Day 1 inTurpan, China: Commence your journey in the oasis city of Turpan, where you will delve into the intricate Karez Well System—a testament to the ingenuity of ancient irrigation techniques that persist in their operational capacity to this day. As the sun sets on your inaugural day, retreat to the tranquility of a family-owned vineyard, where you can meander through the verdant vineyards, engaging in conversations with the hospitable locals to gain insights into their customary way of life.
Day 2 in Urumqi, China: With the first light of dawn, set forth from Turpan to the bustling metropolis of Urumqi, the political epicenter of Xinjiang. Post a nourishing breakfast, immerse yourself in the cultural tapestry of the Xinjiang Museum, a treasure trove of diverse artworks, meticulously crafted handiworks, and historical artifacts. As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods.
Day 3 inKashgar, China: Devote this day to the leisurely exploration of Kashgar, commencing with a visit to the bustling Handicrafts Street, a cornucopia of artisanal treasures ranging from copper wares to metal and porcelain masterpieces. Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. As the day draws to a close, retire to your lodgings for a rejuvenating night's rest in anticipation of the forthcoming voyage to Osh.
Day 4 in Osh, Kyrgyzstan: Upon reaching the second city of Kyrgyzstan, Osh, immerse yourself in the National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex, a repository of cultural artifacts, handiworks, and sculptures that narrate the region's storied past. Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. Should your interest lie in the silken threads of history, inquire of your guide to lead you to the Yodgorlik Silk Factory, a sanctuary where the age-old manual silk-making process is preserved.
Day 5 in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: Conclude your journey with a serene morning train excursion, culminating in your arrival at Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. Dedicate the day to the exploration of the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, a pivotal city from the Parthian Empire's early annals. As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined.
1．On which day can a tourist have a tea-tasting experience？ ____
A．Day 1. B．Day 2. C．Day 3. D．Day 4.
2．What does the tour in Urumqi and Osh have in common？ ____
A．Staying at a local farm. B．Shopping at a market.
C．Visiting an ancient city. D．Dancing with local people.
3．Where can a tourist visit a museum in the evening？ ____
A．Turpan. B．Kashgar. C．Osh. D．Ashgabat.
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 阅读理解
The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades. This belief is not unfounded, but rather stems from the ongoing advancements in aerospace engineering and materials science.
As an aerospace engineer and a physics professor, the allure of a space elevator—a colossal cable extending from Earth's surface into space, facilitating the transportation of both people and cargo—remains a compelling subject of study. In recent years, innovative approaches to design and engineering have surfaced, providing new insights into the feasibility and functionality of space elevators.
The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly, it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel.
The economic and environmental benefits are substantial, as the space elevator would reduce the need for fuel-intensive rocket launches.
Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term "space mission" could evolve into "transit," reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel. This shift would not only make space travel safer for astronauts, mitigating the risks associated with rocket launches, but also open up the cosmos to a broader range of individuals and purposes.
Moreover, the space elevator acts as a gateway to the solar system. By releasing a payload at different points along the elevator, one could achieve orbit around Earth or the sun, depending on the release point, all without the need for propulsion.
While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future. In a world facing numerous challenges, the pursuit of such ambitious projects allows us to dream of a time when humanity becomes responsible stewards of our planet, reaching for the stars while preserving our home.
4．What's the function of Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the topic. B．To set a background.
C．To make a comparison. D．To give an example.
5．What does the underlined phrase "tinker with" mean in Paragraph 3
A．Abandon. B．Improve. C．Establish. D．Discuss.
6．What is the purpose of building a space elevator
A．To please science fiction fans.
B．To promote space tourism.
C．To protect astronauts' safety.
D．To make space travel easier.
7．What is the author's attitude towards space elevators
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Dismissive.
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 阅读理解
We are currently experiencing an unprecedented era in the realm of space exploration, marked by a surge in the retrieval and study of celestial samples. This "golden age" is characterized by the active efforts of global space agencies to gather and analyze material from various celestial bodies, including asteroids, moons, and planets.
China's Chang'e 5 mission stands out as a recent triumph in this endeavor. On December 17, the Chang'e 5 lunar probe successfully concluded its journey by landing in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, as reported by China Daily. This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms.
Similarly, on December 6, Japan's Hayabusa 2 probe achieved a remarkable feat by returning a capsule filled with samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft's accomplishment in 2010.
The momentum in this field is set to continue, with NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft anticipated to return to Earth in 2023, carrying samples from the asteroid Bennu. Additionally, Russia's Lunar-25 mission is poised to launch in 2021, with the objective of collecting lunar samples.
The significance of these sample-return missions cannot be overstated. They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists, such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth. As Ann Nguyen, a NASA planetary scientist, emphasizes, "I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system and our place in the universe, and how we came to be."
Upon arrival on Earth, these celestial samples undergo meticulous analysis using sophisticated instruments. These analyses can yield more detailed insights than what can be gleaned from photographs or robotic rovers alone.
In the case of the Chang'e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material. This comprehensive understanding will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the moon's history and, by extension, the broader history of our solar system.
Though we have only begun to explore the surface of these celestial bodies, both in a literal and figurative sense, the knowledge we have gained is already substantial. The journey of discovery is far from over, with a wealth of mysteries still waiting to be unveiled.
8．What do we know about the Chang'e 5 lunar probe
A．It was launched on Dec 17.
B．It collected the world's first lunar sample.
C．It brought back 1,713 grams of lunar samples.
D．It completed the most successful mission recently.
9．Which of the following collected the first asteroid samples
A．Hayabusa. B．Hayabusa 2.
C．OSIRIS-REx. D．Russia's Lunar-25.
10．What can the samples shed light on (阐明)
A．The origin of life.
B．Structure of the solar system.
C．Which celestial bodies have water.
D．How water first appeared on the moon.
11．What will scientists do with the samples
A．Analyze them and conduct experiments.
B．Determine their sources.
C．Compare them with space photos.
D．Scratch their surfaces.
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 阅读理解
Within the cinematic universe of "The Martian," Matt Damon embodies the role of an astronaut who cultivates sustenance on the Martian terrain, a testament to human ingenuity in the face of isolation on the crimson celestial sphere.
Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. Utilizing a scoring mechanism, students are challenged to identify and propagate three varieties of nourishment on the Martian terrain.
Allen encountered a remarkable diversity in outcomes: among a cohort of thirty students, "there has not been a single instance of identical responses," he remarked.
Future Martian voyagers will, in all likelihood, be compelled to harness the native resources of the planet rather than transporting all necessities aboard a spacecraft. This implies the necessity of cultivating their own nourishment on an extraterrestrial sphere, one that boasts an ecosystem markedly divergent from that of Earth.
One formidable impediment for prospective Martian habitués is the absence of agricultural implements. In congruence with actual astronauts, student participants in the study are precluded from amassing an extensive array of farming tools. As Joyner articulated to his student space explorers, "You commence your journey with a vacuum of resources."
Furthermore, students are confronted with the predicament of a severely restricted dietary selection. "Could I endure a diet confined to a single sustenance for the entirety of my existence " posed Joyner.
Nevertheless, Allen perceives the case study as transcending the realms of agriculture and nutrition on the Red Planet.
"I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars," Allen declared. "I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues."
12．In the case study, students have to ____.
A．watch the movie to know the conditions on Mars
B．decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers
C．design different types of diets on Mars for them to choose
D．understand how to farm on Mars with their favorite farming tools
13．The underlined word "proposal" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ____ .
A．exploration B．recommendation C．adventure D．movement
14．Michael Allen thinks that the case study ____ .
A．increases students' knowledge about farming
B．helps student know more about Mars
C．develops students' skills of solving problems
D．teaches students how to make proper choices
15．The passage is mainly intended ____.
A．to describe a research on how to farm on Mars
B．to prepare us to deal with problems on Mars
C．to teach us how to survive on Mars alone
D．to introduce a Hollywood movie, The Martian
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 任务型阅读
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These "astronaut gardeners" share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 16． Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 17． Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe. 18． Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't "know" to grow down, leaves don't "know" to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 19． Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 20． Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 完形填空
When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster ( 领养) child. I was 21． to spend lots of time alone. I would often wander the neighborhoods on my own and 22． to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn ( 割草), or wash some walls 23． some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy.
Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her leaves raked in the yard. She asked why I was not in school and I 24． her my torn trousers and shoes, which were 25． and no longer keeping my feet warm and 26． . And when I finished the work she gave me some 27． . She said, "I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and 28． school. I also want you to come back and 29． me with your report card and I will reward you when I see you have worked hard and have some good 30． ."
I returned several times to see the woman in the corner house and she did just as she 31． . She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I 32． showed her I had an "A" or "B". And over the next couple of years, she continued to be this 33． influence in my life as brief as it was and I never knew her name.
I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood into a different home, with another family. I will of course never 34． the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life with her 35． . This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.
21．A． encouraged B． reminded C． allowed D． forced
22．A． happen B． decide C． continue D． offer
23．A． in exchange for B． in need of
C． in terms of D． in return for
24．A． introduced B． showed C． brought D． left
25．A． ugly B． smelly C． worn D． strange
26．A． hidden B． cleaned C． presented D． protected
27．A． food B． money C． clothes D． drink
28．A． return to B． leave for C． turn off D． go by
29．A． challenge B． visit C． pay D． serve
30．A． words B． friends C． marks D． jobs
31．A． designed B． promised C． complained D． compared
32．A． nervously B． secretly C． proudly D． luckily
33．A． amusing B． doubtful C． indirect D． positive
34．A． believe B． forget C． consider D． understand
35．A． measurement B． situation C． instruction D． inspiration
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 语法填空
Located in a natural depression in Guizhou, China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, 36． (know) as FAST, has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation. It is the first time Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists, thus 37． (open) a "new era of Chinese original space discovery".
It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year. Since the first pulsar 38． (discover), over 2,700 pulsars have been identified. But almost all of them are 39． the scope of the Milky Way. Being the world's largest radio telescope, FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy. Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists 40． (find) previously hidden stars. Moreover, FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple 41． (science) data at once, 42． enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave 43． new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way.
China's FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and has the potential to revolutionize other 44． (area) of the natural sciences. It 45． (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.
46．（2024高二下·佛山期末） 随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，你班同学就"人工智能是否会取代人类工作"这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，人工智能可以提高生产效率，解放人类从事更有价值的工作；也有人认为人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量失业，影响社会稳定。请你根据以上情况写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。
写作内容要点：1. 人工智能技术的发展现状。2. 人工智能对工作和社会的影响。3. 个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。
注意：(1)写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；(2)词数100左右。
47．（2024高二下·佛山期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Inhabiting a modest hamlet, the Meredith household found themselves amidst a period of economic downturn. During this time, a significant portion of the local populace faced unemployment, leading to widespread financial distress. Numerous families grappled with the daily struggle to sustain their livelihoods, and a sense of communal solidarity emerged as individuals endeavored to provide mutual support in the face of adversity.
Among the residents of this community, Mrs. Meredith stood out as an epitome of benevolence and consideration. She dedicated considerable hours to engaging with those less fortunate, acutely aware of their plights and the diverse forms of assistance they required. Whenever feasible, she would extend her aid by delivering provisions and medical supplies to those in need.
On a particular morning, Mrs. Meredith recounted to her offspring—John, Harry, and Clara—about a family she had encountered the previous day. The family was comprised of an indisposed patriarch confined to his bed, his spouse who, burdened with caregiving responsibilities, was unable to seek employment, and their young son. The boy, Bernard, had captured her interest significantly.
She expressed a desire for her children to witness Bernard's situation, highlighting his role as a significant support to his mother and his earnest desire to contribute financially, despite the apparent lack of opportunities.
Once their mother departed, the siblings convened, contemplating Bernard's predicament. Clara voiced her empathy, wishing to facilitate his financial independence, acknowledging the profound hardship endured by his family.
Echoing her sentiments, Harry concurred, emphasizing the necessity of devising a strategy to alleviate their plight.
Initially silent, John eventually rose abruptly, exclaiming his inspiration. He proclaimed the conception of a plan that could be collaboratively executed to aid Bernard.
His siblings, intrigued, eagerly awaited his proposal. John's ideas were renowned for their ingenuity, and he proposed, "Consider the substantial crate of maize that Uncle John bestowed upon us. We could transform it into popcorn, package it in paper sacks, and empower Bernard to distribute and vend it throughout the neighborhood."
注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para1: When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
Para2:With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．B
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了中国至中亚丝绸之路五日游的行程安排。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. "在一家历史悠久的茶馆里停下来喝点茶点，在那里你可以融入欢乐的社区，参与他们生动的对话和欢快的舞蹈。可知，第三天在喀什的时候，会在一家古老的茶馆休息，与当地人谈话跳舞，所以说，第三天游客们可能有品茶体验。故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods. "当你准备飞向喀什时，抓住机会漫步在充满活力的二道桥市场，这是新疆最广阔的市场，商品琳琅满目。可知，在去喀什前可以去二道桥市场逛一逛；以及第四段中的"Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. "随后，您可以前往杰玛集市，这是中亚最广阔的市场，其起源可以追溯到丝绸之路的过去。可知，在吉尔吉斯斯坦的奥什，你可以去中亚最大的市场杰玛集市参观，综合以上信息可知，这两天的旅行的共同之处在于可以在市场购物。故选B。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined."夜幕降临，回到城市品尝一顿饭，晚上前往阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆，那里供奉着国家的编年史。可知，游客可以在阿什哈巴德国晚上参观博物馆。故选D。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空电梯的概念及其潜在的现实意义，讨论了太空电梯的设计、功能以及建造它的目的，并表达了作者对太空电梯的乐观态度。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades."太空电梯的概念，虽然曾经局限于科幻领域，但在未来几十年内正逐渐成为一种潜在的现实。可知，第一段的主要功能是引入主题，即太空电梯的概念及其潜在的现实意义。故选A。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第三段"The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly, it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel."建造太空电梯的理由是多方面的。首先，它为能源和成本效率提供了一个重要的机会，提供了一个比传统的火箭太空旅行更实用的替代方案。可知，建造太空电梯的目的是为了提高能源和成本效率，提供一个更实用的替代方案。可推知tinker with在这里意思是"改进"，即改进传统的火箭太空旅行。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的"Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term ‘space mission' could evolve into ‘transit,' reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel."其次，太空电梯将彻底改变进入太空的方式。"太空任务"这个词可能会演变成"过境"，反映了太空旅行的日常性和不受天气影响的特性。可知，建造太空电梯的目的是为了使太空旅行变得更加容易和日常化。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future."虽然看起来我是太空电梯的支持者，但我真正的热情在于研究它的机械原理和它对我们未来的潜力。可知，作者对太空电梯持乐观态度，认为它有巨大的潜力和价值。故选C。
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．A
11．A
【知识点】细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了当前全球太空机构在回收和研究天体样本方面的活跃努力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms."这次任务是自1976年以来的第一次月球样本返回任务，利用先进的钻探技术和机械臂，成功地获得了令人印象深刻的1713克月球岩石和尘埃。可知，嫦娥五号月球探测器带回了1713克月球样本。故选C。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft's accomplishment in 2010."这是继2010年第一次"隼鸟"号宇宙飞船之后，第二次收集并带回地球的小行星样本。可知，隼鸟号收集了第一批小行星样本。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists, such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth."它们有可能解开长期困扰科学家的谜团，比如生命的起源和地球上水的出现。可知，这些样本能说明生命的起源。故选A。
11．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"In the case of the Chang'e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material."就嫦娥五号月球样本而言，科学家将采用各种分析方法、测试和实验来确定月球物质的组成、结构和物理性质。可知，科学家们将分析这些样本并进行实验。故选A。
【答案】12．B
13．B
14．C
15．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项教育活动的内容、目的和实施细节，该活动受到电影《火星救援》的启发，旨在教育学生如何在模拟的火星环境中思考和实施农作物种植的策略。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. "他们设计了一个有指导意义的场景，旨在引导学生了解火星表面农业生产的复杂过程。学生们设想自己是星际矿工，他们的任务是在开始他们的外星探险之前制定一个维持生计的策略。艾伦和乔伊纳提出了一个建议，概述了作物的选择，以及在火星环境中长时间种植这些作物的持久试验。可知，学生需要在老师的帮助下决定在火星上种植哪种作物。故选B。
13．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer "学生们设想自己是星际矿工，他们的任务是在开始他们的外星探险之前制定一个维持生计的策略。艾伦和乔伊纳提出；以及"outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods."概述了作物的选择，以及在火星环境中长时间种植这些作物的持久试验。可知，两位教师为指导学生如何在火星表面进行农业尝试而提出介绍或建议，可推知proposal意思是"建议"，故选B。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段"‘I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars,' Allen declared. ‘I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues.'""我传授的知识不仅仅是关于在火星上种植食物的，"艾伦宣称。"我在传授与选择共存的知识。我正在传授解决复杂问题的知识。"可知，迈克尔·艾伦认为这个案例研究培养学生解决问题的能力。故选C。
15．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface."华盛顿州立大学的物理学家迈克尔·艾伦和爱达荷大学的食品科学家海伦·乔伊纳受到电影的启发，决定开始一项教学探索。他们设计了一个有指导意义的场景，旨在引导学生了解火星表面农业生产的复杂过程。可知，本文介绍了一项关于如何在火星上耕种的研究，该活动受到电影《火星救援》的启发，旨在教育学生如何在模拟的火星环境中思考和实施农作物种植的策略。故选A。
【答案】16．D；17．F；18．B；19．E；20．C
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在太空中种植植物的必要性、面临的挑战以及科学家们正在进行的研究。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科技类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. "随着太空旅行时间的延长，在太空中种植食物将是必要的。提到在太空中种植食物的必要性；以及空后"Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away."正因为如此，把长途旅行所需的所有东西都送去，只使用一次就扔掉是不现实的。提到送上太空的物资不能是一次性的，D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram."将任何东西送入太空的成本约为每公斤2.2万美元"与下文构成因果关系，指出送物资上太空成本高昂，承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
17．根据空前"Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things."在太空旅行中，植物有多种用途。他们可以提供更多新鲜的东西。指出太空中的植物用途很多，可以提供更多新鲜事物。 F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. "宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中添加水果和蔬菜"指出宇航员会喜欢吃到新鲜水果和蔬菜，承接上文，继续阐述太空中植物的用途，符合语境。故选F。
18．根据空后"Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't ‘know' to grow down, leaves don't ‘know' to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. "由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气留在植物周围。这实际上会杀死它们，所以需要风扇来循环空气。没有重力，根"不知道"向下生长，叶"不知道"向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶。可知，在太空中种植植物面临各种挑战，如氧气的滞留、重力的缺失等。此处位于段首，应与挑战相关；B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space."然而，在太空中种植植物也存在挑战"指出在太空中种植植物面临挑战，符合语境。故选B。
19．根据空前"Without gravity, roots don't ‘know' to grow down, leaves don't ‘know' to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. "没有重力，根"不知道"向下生长，叶"不知道"向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶。指出由于缺乏重力，植物的根系和叶片生长方向会出现问题， E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. "专门的容器正在开发，以帮助植物正确生长"指出需要特殊的容器来帮助植物正确生长，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
20．根据空前"They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. "他们正在努力使植物在太空中生长得更快，在更少的水和光的条件下生长，他们正在寻找使植物更抗病的方法。提到科学家为了在太空中种植植物，围绕植物本身开展的各种研究；以及空后"Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. "想象一下，有一天沙漠可能会为当地人提供大量新鲜食物，从而节省运输成本。同样，抗病的植物可以提供重要的食物供应。提到这些研究应用于地球环境时带来的用处， C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. "这些方法可能会在地球上带来改进"承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
【答案】21．C；22．D；23．A；24．B；25．C；26．D；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．C；31．B；32．C；33．D；34．B；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一个陌生老太太的鼓励下变得越来越好的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：我被允许花很多时间独处。A. encouraged"鼓励"；B. reminded"提醒"；C. allowed"允许"；D. forced"迫使"。根据上文" When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster ( 领养) child." 当我还是个小男孩的时候，我被寄养在一个贫穷的社区；以及空后"to spend lots of time alone"可知，指作者被允许花时间独处。故选C。
22．句意：我经常一个人在社区里闲逛，会主动提出帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，只是为了买一些衣服或糖果。A. happen"发生"；B. decide"决定"；C. continue"继续"；D. offer"提出"。根据空后"to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn (割草), or wash some walls"可知，作者会主动提出做事，来换取零用钱。故选D。
23．句意：我经常一个人在社区里闲逛，会主动提出帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，只是为了买一些衣服或糖果。A. in exchange for"作为回报"；B. in need of"需要"；C. in terms of"就……而言"；D. in return for"作为交换"。根据空后"some pocket money"可知，作者帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，故选A。
24．句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. introduced"介绍"；B. showed"展示"；C. brought"带来"；D. left"离开"。根据空后"her my torn trousers and shoes"可知，作者给女人看自己破旧的裤子和鞋子，故选B。
25．句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. ugly"丑陋的"；B. smelly"发臭的"；C. worn"用旧的"；D. strange"奇怪的"。根据空前"my torn trousers and shoes"可知，裤子和鞋子都破旧了。故选C。
26．句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. hidden"隐藏"；B. cleaned"清理"；C. presented"赠送"；D. protected"保护"。根据空前"and no longer keeping my feet warm and"可知，裤子和鞋子都破旧了，已经不再保暖和保护脚了。故选D。
27．句意：当我完成工作时，她给了我一些钱。A. food"食物"；B. money"金钱"；C. clothes"衣服"；D. drink"饮料"。根据下文"I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes"可知，女人给了作者钱。故选B。
28．句意：她说："我想让你买一些裤子和新鞋子，然后回到学校。"A. return to"返回"；B. leave for"动身去"；C. turn off"关闭"；D. go by"经过"。根据下文"me with your report card"可知，女人想要作者回到学校，带回成绩单。故选A。
29．句意：我还想让你回来给我你的成绩单，当我看到你努力学习并取得好成绩时，我会奖励你的。A. challenge"挑战"；B. visit"拜访"；C. pay"支付，偿还"；D. serve"服务"。根据空后"me with your report card and I will reward you"可知，女人让作者把成绩单作为回报。故选C。
30．句意：我还想让你回来给我你的成绩单，当我看到你努力学习并取得好成绩时，我会奖励你的。A. words"话语"；B. friends"朋友"；C. marks"分数"；D. jobs"工作"。根据空前"me with your report card"可知，女人想要看到作者的好成绩。故选C。
31．句意：我回去看了几次街角房子里的那个女人，她就像她承诺的那样做了。A. designed"设计"；B. promised"承诺"；C. complained"投诉"；D. compared"比较"。根据下文"gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich"可知，女人遵守承诺，奖励了作者。故选B。
32．句意：她看着我的成绩单，每次我骄傲地给她看我得了"A"或"B"，她就给我一把美元和一个三明治。A. nervously"紧张地"；B. secretly"秘密地"；C. proudly"骄傲地"；D. luckily"幸运地"。根据空后"showed her I had an ‘A' or ‘B'."可知，作者取得了好成绩，很骄傲。故选C。
33．句意：在接下来的几年里，她继续对我的生活产生积极的影响，尽管时间很短，我从来不知道她的名字。A. amusing"有趣的"；B. doubtful"怀疑的"；C. indirect"间接的"；D. positive"积极的"。根据下文"this wonderful stranger"可知，女人让作者成绩优异，是积极的影响。故选D。
34．句意：我当然不会忘记这个奇妙的陌生人用她的鼓舞给我的生活带来的巨大变化。A. believe"相信"；B. forget"忘记"；C. consider"考虑"；D. understand"理解"。根据空后"the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life"指作者不会忘记女人带给自己生活的影响。故选B。
35．句意：我当然不会忘记这个奇妙的陌生人用她的鼓舞给我的生活带来的巨大变化。A. measurement "测量"；B. situation"情况"；C. instruction"指示"；D. inspiration"鼓舞"。根据上文"She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time"可知，女人通过让作者取得好成绩，奖励作者来带给作者鼓舞。故选D。
【答案】36．known；37．opening；38．was discovered；39．within；40．to find；41．scientific；42．which；43．a；44．areas；45．will remain
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了中国科学家第一次使用自主研发的射电望远镜发现确定了六颗脉冲星。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态语态，介词，形容词，定语从句，冠词，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：中国的500米口径球形射电望远镜位于贵州的一个天然洼地，被称为FAST，经过一年的试运行，已经识别出六颗脉冲星。know与Spherical Radio Telescope逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作定语。故填known。
37．句意：这是中国科学家第一次使用中国科学家自主研发的射电望远镜发现脉冲星，从而开启了"中国原创空间发现的新纪元"。此处是前面整句话造成的自然而然、意料之中的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填opening。
38．句意：自从第一颗脉冲星被发现以来，已经有超过2700颗脉冲星被确认。此处是时间状语从句的谓语动词，since引导时间状语从句，从句应用一般过去时，表事情已发生，而the first pulsar是主语且为单数形式，和空处是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was discovered。
39．句意：但几乎所有的脉冲星都在银河系范围内。此处表示"在银河系范围内"，应用介词within。故填within。
40．句意：除了巨大的体积，它还具有无与伦比的精确度和灵敏度，让科学家们能够找到以前隐藏的恒星。allow sb. to do sth.固定短语，"允许某人做某事"，故填to find。
41．句意：此外，FAST能够同时测量夜空以获取多种科学数据，这使天文学家能够启动许多科学目标。此处形容词作定语修饰名词data，故填scientific。
42．句意：此外，FAST能够同时测量夜空以获取多种科学数据，这使天文学家能够启动许多科学目标。 enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals 是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
43．句意：其创新的工程概念和设计为以最有效的方式实现巨大的单碟铺平了新的道路。此处road是单数可数名词，表示泛指，且new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
44．句意：中国的FAST科学对天文学的影响将是非同寻常的，并有可能给自然科学的其他领域带来一场革命。other"其他的"，其后跟的可数名词用复数形式，故填areas。
45．句意：在未来10到20年内，它仍将保持全球领先地位。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语the next 10 to 20 years可知，应用一般将来时，故填will remain。
46．【答案】Recently we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether mankind would be replaced by artificial intelligence. Different people have different opinions about it.
Some people hold the view that AI will not only improve the production efficiency but also free humanity for more valuable work in our daily life. While other people argue that the wide use of artificial intelligence may lead to a large number of unemployment and affect social stability.
Fr om my point of view, it is very necessary for human to develop artificial intelligence in the future. Because it not only can provide the world with many different benefits, but also can solve people's short-term and long-term problems.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。写作背景： 随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，你班同学就"人工智能是否会取代人类工作"这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，人工智能可以提高生产效率，解放人类从事更有价值的工作；也有人认为人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量失业，影响社会稳定。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 人工智能技术的发展现状。2. 人工智能对工作和社会的影响。3. 个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。 本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Recently we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether mankind would be replaced by artificial intelligence. 运用了同位语从句；Some people hold the view that AI will not only improve the production efficiency but also free humanity for more valuable work in our daily life. 运用了同位语从句；While other people argue that the wide use of artificial intelligence may lead to a large number of unemployment and affect social stability.运用了宾语从句；From my point of view, it is very necessary for human to develop artificial intelligence in the future. 运用了it作形式主语。
47．【答案】When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. She commended her children for their compassion and innovative thinking, recognizing the potential impact of the proposed endeavor. With heartfelt gratitude, she assisted them in refining the plan, suggesting ways to streamline the popcorn production process and enhance its marketability. Together, they worked tirelessly, transforming the crate of maize into batches of savory popcorn, meticulously packaging them for distribution. Mrs. Meredith marveled at her children's unity, determination, and unwavering commitment to aiding those in need.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. Empowered by the support and guidance of the Meredith siblings, Bernard embarked on his venture with a sense of purpose and optimism. Armed with bags of freshly made popcorn, he traversed the neighborhood, introducing his product with infectious enthusiasm. The community responded warmly to his initiative, moved by his resilience and earnest efforts to contribute to his family's well-being. As word of mouth spread, Bernard's popcorn business flourished, bringing not just financial relief but also a renewed sense of hope and camaraderie to all those involved.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知， Meredit 一家住在一个小村庄，正经历经济萧条，当地许多人失业，家庭生计困难，社区间互帮互助。 Meredit 夫人尤其乐善好施，常援助贫困家庭。一天，她向孩子们讲述了一位名叫 Bernard 的小孩，他家境贫寒却渴望帮助母亲分担。孩子们被触动，决定采取行动。 John 提议将叔叔赠送的一箱玉米制成爆米花，包装后让 Bernard 在社区售卖，以此来帮助他家改善经济状况。段落续写：①由第一段句首内容"当 Meredit 夫人听到 John 翰的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意。"可知，第一段可以描写 Meredit 夫人对 John 计划的支持和可能的行动。②由第二段句首内容"一切准备就绪后， Bernard 开始了他的新事业。"可知，第二段可以描写 Bernard 开始新生意的情景和他的感受。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：She commended her children for their compassion and innovative thinking, recognizing the potential impact of the proposed endeavor. 运用了现在分词作状语；With heartfelt gratitude, she assisted them in refining the plan, suggesting ways to streamline the popcorn production process and enhance its marketability. 运用了不定式作后置定语；Together, they worked tirelessly, transforming the crate of maize into batches of savory popcorn, meticulously packaging them for distribution. 运用了现在分词作状语； Empowered by the support and guidance of the Meredith siblings, Bernard embarked on his venture with a sense of purpose and optimism. 运用了过去分词作状语；Armed with bags of freshly made popcorn, he traversed the neighborhood, introducing his product with infectious enthusiasm. 运用了过去分词作状语，现在分词作状语；The community responded warmly to his initiative, moved by his resilience and earnest efforts to contribute to his family's well-being. 运用了形容词作状语；As word of mouth spread, Bernard's popcorn business flourished, bringing not just financial relief but also a renewed sense of hope and camaraderie to all those involved.运用了现在分词作状语。
1 / 1广东省佛山市第六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量检测考试英语试卷
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 阅读理解
Embark on an exhilarating expedition across the ancient trade routes, commencing your 5-day odyssey from the heart of China to the vibrant lands of Central Asia.
Day 1 inTurpan, China: Commence your journey in the oasis city of Turpan, where you will delve into the intricate Karez Well System—a testament to the ingenuity of ancient irrigation techniques that persist in their operational capacity to this day. As the sun sets on your inaugural day, retreat to the tranquility of a family-owned vineyard, where you can meander through the verdant vineyards, engaging in conversations with the hospitable locals to gain insights into their customary way of life.
Day 2 in Urumqi, China: With the first light of dawn, set forth from Turpan to the bustling metropolis of Urumqi, the political epicenter of Xinjiang. Post a nourishing breakfast, immerse yourself in the cultural tapestry of the Xinjiang Museum, a treasure trove of diverse artworks, meticulously crafted handiworks, and historical artifacts. As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods.
Day 3 inKashgar, China: Devote this day to the leisurely exploration of Kashgar, commencing with a visit to the bustling Handicrafts Street, a cornucopia of artisanal treasures ranging from copper wares to metal and porcelain masterpieces. Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. As the day draws to a close, retire to your lodgings for a rejuvenating night's rest in anticipation of the forthcoming voyage to Osh.
Day 4 in Osh, Kyrgyzstan: Upon reaching the second city of Kyrgyzstan, Osh, immerse yourself in the National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex, a repository of cultural artifacts, handiworks, and sculptures that narrate the region's storied past. Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. Should your interest lie in the silken threads of history, inquire of your guide to lead you to the Yodgorlik Silk Factory, a sanctuary where the age-old manual silk-making process is preserved.
Day 5 in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: Conclude your journey with a serene morning train excursion, culminating in your arrival at Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. Dedicate the day to the exploration of the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, a pivotal city from the Parthian Empire's early annals. As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined.
1．On which day can a tourist have a tea-tasting experience？ ____
A．Day 1. B．Day 2. C．Day 3. D．Day 4.
2．What does the tour in Urumqi and Osh have in common？ ____
A．Staying at a local farm. B．Shopping at a market.
C．Visiting an ancient city. D．Dancing with local people.
3．Where can a tourist visit a museum in the evening？ ____
A．Turpan. B．Kashgar. C．Osh. D．Ashgabat.
【答案】1．C
2．B
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了中国至中亚丝绸之路五日游的行程安排。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. "在一家历史悠久的茶馆里停下来喝点茶点，在那里你可以融入欢乐的社区，参与他们生动的对话和欢快的舞蹈。可知，第三天在喀什的时候，会在一家古老的茶馆休息，与当地人谈话跳舞，所以说，第三天游客们可能有品茶体验。故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods. "当你准备飞向喀什时，抓住机会漫步在充满活力的二道桥市场，这是新疆最广阔的市场，商品琳琅满目。可知，在去喀什前可以去二道桥市场逛一逛；以及第四段中的"Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. "随后，您可以前往杰玛集市，这是中亚最广阔的市场，其起源可以追溯到丝绸之路的过去。可知，在吉尔吉斯斯坦的奥什，你可以去中亚最大的市场杰玛集市参观，综合以上信息可知，这两天的旅行的共同之处在于可以在市场购物。故选B。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined."夜幕降临，回到城市品尝一顿饭，晚上前往阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆，那里供奉着国家的编年史。可知，游客可以在阿什哈巴德国晚上参观博物馆。故选D。
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 阅读理解
The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades. This belief is not unfounded, but rather stems from the ongoing advancements in aerospace engineering and materials science.
As an aerospace engineer and a physics professor, the allure of a space elevator—a colossal cable extending from Earth's surface into space, facilitating the transportation of both people and cargo—remains a compelling subject of study. In recent years, innovative approaches to design and engineering have surfaced, providing new insights into the feasibility and functionality of space elevators.
The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly, it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel.
The economic and environmental benefits are substantial, as the space elevator would reduce the need for fuel-intensive rocket launches.
Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term "space mission" could evolve into "transit," reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel. This shift would not only make space travel safer for astronauts, mitigating the risks associated with rocket launches, but also open up the cosmos to a broader range of individuals and purposes.
Moreover, the space elevator acts as a gateway to the solar system. By releasing a payload at different points along the elevator, one could achieve orbit around Earth or the sun, depending on the release point, all without the need for propulsion.
While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future. In a world facing numerous challenges, the pursuit of such ambitious projects allows us to dream of a time when humanity becomes responsible stewards of our planet, reaching for the stars while preserving our home.
4．What's the function of Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the topic. B．To set a background.
C．To make a comparison. D．To give an example.
5．What does the underlined phrase "tinker with" mean in Paragraph 3
A．Abandon. B．Improve. C．Establish. D．Discuss.
6．What is the purpose of building a space elevator
A．To please science fiction fans.
B．To promote space tourism.
C．To protect astronauts' safety.
D．To make space travel easier.
7．What is the author's attitude towards space elevators
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Dismissive.
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空电梯的概念及其潜在的现实意义，讨论了太空电梯的设计、功能以及建造它的目的，并表达了作者对太空电梯的乐观态度。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades."太空电梯的概念，虽然曾经局限于科幻领域，但在未来几十年内正逐渐成为一种潜在的现实。可知，第一段的主要功能是引入主题，即太空电梯的概念及其潜在的现实意义。故选A。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第三段"The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly, it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel."建造太空电梯的理由是多方面的。首先，它为能源和成本效率提供了一个重要的机会，提供了一个比传统的火箭太空旅行更实用的替代方案。可知，建造太空电梯的目的是为了提高能源和成本效率，提供一个更实用的替代方案。可推知tinker with在这里意思是"改进"，即改进传统的火箭太空旅行。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的"Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term ‘space mission' could evolve into ‘transit,' reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel."其次，太空电梯将彻底改变进入太空的方式。"太空任务"这个词可能会演变成"过境"，反映了太空旅行的日常性和不受天气影响的特性。可知，建造太空电梯的目的是为了使太空旅行变得更加容易和日常化。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future."虽然看起来我是太空电梯的支持者，但我真正的热情在于研究它的机械原理和它对我们未来的潜力。可知，作者对太空电梯持乐观态度，认为它有巨大的潜力和价值。故选C。
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 阅读理解
We are currently experiencing an unprecedented era in the realm of space exploration, marked by a surge in the retrieval and study of celestial samples. This "golden age" is characterized by the active efforts of global space agencies to gather and analyze material from various celestial bodies, including asteroids, moons, and planets.
China's Chang'e 5 mission stands out as a recent triumph in this endeavor. On December 17, the Chang'e 5 lunar probe successfully concluded its journey by landing in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, as reported by China Daily. This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms.
Similarly, on December 6, Japan's Hayabusa 2 probe achieved a remarkable feat by returning a capsule filled with samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft's accomplishment in 2010.
The momentum in this field is set to continue, with NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft anticipated to return to Earth in 2023, carrying samples from the asteroid Bennu. Additionally, Russia's Lunar-25 mission is poised to launch in 2021, with the objective of collecting lunar samples.
The significance of these sample-return missions cannot be overstated. They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists, such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth. As Ann Nguyen, a NASA planetary scientist, emphasizes, "I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system and our place in the universe, and how we came to be."
Upon arrival on Earth, these celestial samples undergo meticulous analysis using sophisticated instruments. These analyses can yield more detailed insights than what can be gleaned from photographs or robotic rovers alone.
In the case of the Chang'e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material. This comprehensive understanding will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the moon's history and, by extension, the broader history of our solar system.
Though we have only begun to explore the surface of these celestial bodies, both in a literal and figurative sense, the knowledge we have gained is already substantial. The journey of discovery is far from over, with a wealth of mysteries still waiting to be unveiled.
8．What do we know about the Chang'e 5 lunar probe
A．It was launched on Dec 17.
B．It collected the world's first lunar sample.
C．It brought back 1,713 grams of lunar samples.
D．It completed the most successful mission recently.
9．Which of the following collected the first asteroid samples
A．Hayabusa. B．Hayabusa 2.
C．OSIRIS-REx. D．Russia's Lunar-25.
10．What can the samples shed light on (阐明)
A．The origin of life.
B．Structure of the solar system.
C．Which celestial bodies have water.
D．How water first appeared on the moon.
11．What will scientists do with the samples
A．Analyze them and conduct experiments.
B．Determine their sources.
C．Compare them with space photos.
D．Scratch their surfaces.
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．A
11．A
【知识点】细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了当前全球太空机构在回收和研究天体样本方面的活跃努力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms."这次任务是自1976年以来的第一次月球样本返回任务，利用先进的钻探技术和机械臂，成功地获得了令人印象深刻的1713克月球岩石和尘埃。可知，嫦娥五号月球探测器带回了1713克月球样本。故选C。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft's accomplishment in 2010."这是继2010年第一次"隼鸟"号宇宙飞船之后，第二次收集并带回地球的小行星样本。可知，隼鸟号收集了第一批小行星样本。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists, such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth."它们有可能解开长期困扰科学家的谜团，比如生命的起源和地球上水的出现。可知，这些样本能说明生命的起源。故选A。
11．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"In the case of the Chang'e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material."就嫦娥五号月球样本而言，科学家将采用各种分析方法、测试和实验来确定月球物质的组成、结构和物理性质。可知，科学家们将分析这些样本并进行实验。故选A。
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 阅读理解
Within the cinematic universe of "The Martian," Matt Damon embodies the role of an astronaut who cultivates sustenance on the Martian terrain, a testament to human ingenuity in the face of isolation on the crimson celestial sphere.
Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. Utilizing a scoring mechanism, students are challenged to identify and propagate three varieties of nourishment on the Martian terrain.
Allen encountered a remarkable diversity in outcomes: among a cohort of thirty students, "there has not been a single instance of identical responses," he remarked.
Future Martian voyagers will, in all likelihood, be compelled to harness the native resources of the planet rather than transporting all necessities aboard a spacecraft. This implies the necessity of cultivating their own nourishment on an extraterrestrial sphere, one that boasts an ecosystem markedly divergent from that of Earth.
One formidable impediment for prospective Martian habitués is the absence of agricultural implements. In congruence with actual astronauts, student participants in the study are precluded from amassing an extensive array of farming tools. As Joyner articulated to his student space explorers, "You commence your journey with a vacuum of resources."
Furthermore, students are confronted with the predicament of a severely restricted dietary selection. "Could I endure a diet confined to a single sustenance for the entirety of my existence " posed Joyner.
Nevertheless, Allen perceives the case study as transcending the realms of agriculture and nutrition on the Red Planet.
"I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars," Allen declared. "I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues."
12．In the case study, students have to ____.
A．watch the movie to know the conditions on Mars
B．decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers
C．design different types of diets on Mars for them to choose
D．understand how to farm on Mars with their favorite farming tools
13．The underlined word "proposal" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ____ .
A．exploration B．recommendation C．adventure D．movement
14．Michael Allen thinks that the case study ____ .
A．increases students' knowledge about farming
B．helps student know more about Mars
C．develops students' skills of solving problems
D．teaches students how to make proper choices
15．The passage is mainly intended ____.
A．to describe a research on how to farm on Mars
B．to prepare us to deal with problems on Mars
C．to teach us how to survive on Mars alone
D．to introduce a Hollywood movie, The Martian
【答案】12．B
13．B
14．C
15．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项教育活动的内容、目的和实施细节，该活动受到电影《火星救援》的启发，旨在教育学生如何在模拟的火星环境中思考和实施农作物种植的策略。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. "他们设计了一个有指导意义的场景，旨在引导学生了解火星表面农业生产的复杂过程。学生们设想自己是星际矿工，他们的任务是在开始他们的外星探险之前制定一个维持生计的策略。艾伦和乔伊纳提出了一个建议，概述了作物的选择，以及在火星环境中长时间种植这些作物的持久试验。可知，学生需要在老师的帮助下决定在火星上种植哪种作物。故选B。
13．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer "学生们设想自己是星际矿工，他们的任务是在开始他们的外星探险之前制定一个维持生计的策略。艾伦和乔伊纳提出；以及"outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods."概述了作物的选择，以及在火星环境中长时间种植这些作物的持久试验。可知，两位教师为指导学生如何在火星表面进行农业尝试而提出介绍或建议，可推知proposal意思是"建议"，故选B。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段"‘I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars,' Allen declared. ‘I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues.'""我传授的知识不仅仅是关于在火星上种植食物的，"艾伦宣称。"我在传授与选择共存的知识。我正在传授解决复杂问题的知识。"可知，迈克尔·艾伦认为这个案例研究培养学生解决问题的能力。故选C。
15．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface."华盛顿州立大学的物理学家迈克尔·艾伦和爱达荷大学的食品科学家海伦·乔伊纳受到电影的启发，决定开始一项教学探索。他们设计了一个有指导意义的场景，旨在引导学生了解火星表面农业生产的复杂过程。可知，本文介绍了一项关于如何在火星上耕种的研究，该活动受到电影《火星救援》的启发，旨在教育学生如何在模拟的火星环境中思考和实施农作物种植的策略。故选A。
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 任务型阅读
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These "astronaut gardeners" share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 16． Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 17． Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe. 18． Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't "know" to grow down, leaves don't "know" to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 19． Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 20． Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
【答案】16．D；17．F；18．B；19．E；20．C
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在太空中种植植物的必要性、面临的挑战以及科学家们正在进行的研究。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科技类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. "随着太空旅行时间的延长，在太空中种植食物将是必要的。提到在太空中种植食物的必要性；以及空后"Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away."正因为如此，把长途旅行所需的所有东西都送去，只使用一次就扔掉是不现实的。提到送上太空的物资不能是一次性的，D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram."将任何东西送入太空的成本约为每公斤2.2万美元"与下文构成因果关系，指出送物资上太空成本高昂，承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
17．根据空前"Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things."在太空旅行中，植物有多种用途。他们可以提供更多新鲜的东西。指出太空中的植物用途很多，可以提供更多新鲜事物。 F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. "宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中添加水果和蔬菜"指出宇航员会喜欢吃到新鲜水果和蔬菜，承接上文，继续阐述太空中植物的用途，符合语境。故选F。
18．根据空后"Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't ‘know' to grow down, leaves don't ‘know' to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. "由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气留在植物周围。这实际上会杀死它们，所以需要风扇来循环空气。没有重力，根"不知道"向下生长，叶"不知道"向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶。可知，在太空中种植植物面临各种挑战，如氧气的滞留、重力的缺失等。此处位于段首，应与挑战相关；B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space."然而，在太空中种植植物也存在挑战"指出在太空中种植植物面临挑战，符合语境。故选B。
19．根据空前"Without gravity, roots don't ‘know' to grow down, leaves don't ‘know' to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. "没有重力，根"不知道"向下生长，叶"不知道"向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶。指出由于缺乏重力，植物的根系和叶片生长方向会出现问题， E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. "专门的容器正在开发，以帮助植物正确生长"指出需要特殊的容器来帮助植物正确生长，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
20．根据空前"They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. "他们正在努力使植物在太空中生长得更快，在更少的水和光的条件下生长，他们正在寻找使植物更抗病的方法。提到科学家为了在太空中种植植物，围绕植物本身开展的各种研究；以及空后"Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. "想象一下，有一天沙漠可能会为当地人提供大量新鲜食物，从而节省运输成本。同样，抗病的植物可以提供重要的食物供应。提到这些研究应用于地球环境时带来的用处， C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. "这些方法可能会在地球上带来改进"承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 完形填空
When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster ( 领养) child. I was 21． to spend lots of time alone. I would often wander the neighborhoods on my own and 22． to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn ( 割草), or wash some walls 23． some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy.
Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her leaves raked in the yard. She asked why I was not in school and I 24． her my torn trousers and shoes, which were 25． and no longer keeping my feet warm and 26． . And when I finished the work she gave me some 27． . She said, "I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and 28． school. I also want you to come back and 29． me with your report card and I will reward you when I see you have worked hard and have some good 30． ."
I returned several times to see the woman in the corner house and she did just as she 31． . She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I 32． showed her I had an "A" or "B". And over the next couple of years, she continued to be this 33． influence in my life as brief as it was and I never knew her name.
I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood into a different home, with another family. I will of course never 34． the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life with her 35． . This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.
21．A． encouraged B． reminded C． allowed D． forced
22．A． happen B． decide C． continue D． offer
23．A． in exchange for B． in need of
C． in terms of D． in return for
24．A． introduced B． showed C． brought D． left
25．A． ugly B． smelly C． worn D． strange
26．A． hidden B． cleaned C． presented D． protected
27．A． food B． money C． clothes D． drink
28．A． return to B． leave for C． turn off D． go by
29．A． challenge B． visit C． pay D． serve
30．A． words B． friends C． marks D． jobs
31．A． designed B． promised C． complained D． compared
32．A． nervously B． secretly C． proudly D． luckily
33．A． amusing B． doubtful C． indirect D． positive
34．A． believe B． forget C． consider D． understand
35．A． measurement B． situation C． instruction D． inspiration
【答案】21．C；22．D；23．A；24．B；25．C；26．D；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．C；31．B；32．C；33．D；34．B；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一个陌生老太太的鼓励下变得越来越好的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：我被允许花很多时间独处。A. encouraged"鼓励"；B. reminded"提醒"；C. allowed"允许"；D. forced"迫使"。根据上文" When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster ( 领养) child." 当我还是个小男孩的时候，我被寄养在一个贫穷的社区；以及空后"to spend lots of time alone"可知，指作者被允许花时间独处。故选C。
22．句意：我经常一个人在社区里闲逛，会主动提出帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，只是为了买一些衣服或糖果。A. happen"发生"；B. decide"决定"；C. continue"继续"；D. offer"提出"。根据空后"to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn (割草), or wash some walls"可知，作者会主动提出做事，来换取零用钱。故选D。
23．句意：我经常一个人在社区里闲逛，会主动提出帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，只是为了买一些衣服或糖果。A. in exchange for"作为回报"；B. in need of"需要"；C. in terms of"就……而言"；D. in return for"作为交换"。根据空后"some pocket money"可知，作者帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，故选A。
24．句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. introduced"介绍"；B. showed"展示"；C. brought"带来"；D. left"离开"。根据空后"her my torn trousers and shoes"可知，作者给女人看自己破旧的裤子和鞋子，故选B。
25．句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. ugly"丑陋的"；B. smelly"发臭的"；C. worn"用旧的"；D. strange"奇怪的"。根据空前"my torn trousers and shoes"可知，裤子和鞋子都破旧了。故选C。
26．句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. hidden"隐藏"；B. cleaned"清理"；C. presented"赠送"；D. protected"保护"。根据空前"and no longer keeping my feet warm and"可知，裤子和鞋子都破旧了，已经不再保暖和保护脚了。故选D。
27．句意：当我完成工作时，她给了我一些钱。A. food"食物"；B. money"金钱"；C. clothes"衣服"；D. drink"饮料"。根据下文"I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes"可知，女人给了作者钱。故选B。
28．句意：她说："我想让你买一些裤子和新鞋子，然后回到学校。"A. return to"返回"；B. leave for"动身去"；C. turn off"关闭"；D. go by"经过"。根据下文"me with your report card"可知，女人想要作者回到学校，带回成绩单。故选A。
29．句意：我还想让你回来给我你的成绩单，当我看到你努力学习并取得好成绩时，我会奖励你的。A. challenge"挑战"；B. visit"拜访"；C. pay"支付，偿还"；D. serve"服务"。根据空后"me with your report card and I will reward you"可知，女人让作者把成绩单作为回报。故选C。
30．句意：我还想让你回来给我你的成绩单，当我看到你努力学习并取得好成绩时，我会奖励你的。A. words"话语"；B. friends"朋友"；C. marks"分数"；D. jobs"工作"。根据空前"me with your report card"可知，女人想要看到作者的好成绩。故选C。
31．句意：我回去看了几次街角房子里的那个女人，她就像她承诺的那样做了。A. designed"设计"；B. promised"承诺"；C. complained"投诉"；D. compared"比较"。根据下文"gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich"可知，女人遵守承诺，奖励了作者。故选B。
32．句意：她看着我的成绩单，每次我骄傲地给她看我得了"A"或"B"，她就给我一把美元和一个三明治。A. nervously"紧张地"；B. secretly"秘密地"；C. proudly"骄傲地"；D. luckily"幸运地"。根据空后"showed her I had an ‘A' or ‘B'."可知，作者取得了好成绩，很骄傲。故选C。
33．句意：在接下来的几年里，她继续对我的生活产生积极的影响，尽管时间很短，我从来不知道她的名字。A. amusing"有趣的"；B. doubtful"怀疑的"；C. indirect"间接的"；D. positive"积极的"。根据下文"this wonderful stranger"可知，女人让作者成绩优异，是积极的影响。故选D。
34．句意：我当然不会忘记这个奇妙的陌生人用她的鼓舞给我的生活带来的巨大变化。A. believe"相信"；B. forget"忘记"；C. consider"考虑"；D. understand"理解"。根据空后"the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life"指作者不会忘记女人带给自己生活的影响。故选B。
35．句意：我当然不会忘记这个奇妙的陌生人用她的鼓舞给我的生活带来的巨大变化。A. measurement "测量"；B. situation"情况"；C. instruction"指示"；D. inspiration"鼓舞"。根据上文"She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time"可知，女人通过让作者取得好成绩，奖励作者来带给作者鼓舞。故选D。
（2024高二下·佛山期末） 语法填空
Located in a natural depression in Guizhou, China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, 36． (know) as FAST, has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation. It is the first time Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists, thus 37． (open) a "new era of Chinese original space discovery".
It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year. Since the first pulsar 38． (discover), over 2,700 pulsars have been identified. But almost all of them are 39． the scope of the Milky Way. Being the world's largest radio telescope, FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy. Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists 40． (find) previously hidden stars. Moreover, FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple 41． (science) data at once, 42． enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave 43． new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way.
China's FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and has the potential to revolutionize other 44． (area) of the natural sciences. It 45． (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.
【答案】36．known；37．opening；38．was discovered；39．within；40．to find；41．scientific；42．which；43．a；44．areas；45．will remain
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了中国科学家第一次使用自主研发的射电望远镜发现确定了六颗脉冲星。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态语态，介词，形容词，定语从句，冠词，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：中国的500米口径球形射电望远镜位于贵州的一个天然洼地，被称为FAST，经过一年的试运行，已经识别出六颗脉冲星。know与Spherical Radio Telescope逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作定语。故填known。
37．句意：这是中国科学家第一次使用中国科学家自主研发的射电望远镜发现脉冲星，从而开启了"中国原创空间发现的新纪元"。此处是前面整句话造成的自然而然、意料之中的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填opening。
38．句意：自从第一颗脉冲星被发现以来，已经有超过2700颗脉冲星被确认。此处是时间状语从句的谓语动词，since引导时间状语从句，从句应用一般过去时，表事情已发生，而the first pulsar是主语且为单数形式，和空处是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was discovered。
39．句意：但几乎所有的脉冲星都在银河系范围内。此处表示"在银河系范围内"，应用介词within。故填within。
40．句意：除了巨大的体积，它还具有无与伦比的精确度和灵敏度，让科学家们能够找到以前隐藏的恒星。allow sb. to do sth.固定短语，"允许某人做某事"，故填to find。
41．句意：此外，FAST能够同时测量夜空以获取多种科学数据，这使天文学家能够启动许多科学目标。此处形容词作定语修饰名词data，故填scientific。
42．句意：此外，FAST能够同时测量夜空以获取多种科学数据，这使天文学家能够启动许多科学目标。 enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals 是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
43．句意：其创新的工程概念和设计为以最有效的方式实现巨大的单碟铺平了新的道路。此处road是单数可数名词，表示泛指，且new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
44．句意：中国的FAST科学对天文学的影响将是非同寻常的，并有可能给自然科学的其他领域带来一场革命。other"其他的"，其后跟的可数名词用复数形式，故填areas。
45．句意：在未来10到20年内，它仍将保持全球领先地位。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语the next 10 to 20 years可知，应用一般将来时，故填will remain。
46．（2024高二下·佛山期末） 随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，你班同学就"人工智能是否会取代人类工作"这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，人工智能可以提高生产效率，解放人类从事更有价值的工作；也有人认为人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量失业，影响社会稳定。请你根据以上情况写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。
写作内容要点：1. 人工智能技术的发展现状。2. 人工智能对工作和社会的影响。3. 个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。
注意：(1)写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；(2)词数100左右。
【答案】Recently we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether mankind would be replaced by artificial intelligence. Different people have different opinions about it.
Some people hold the view that AI will not only improve the production efficiency but also free humanity for more valuable work in our daily life. While other people argue that the wide use of artificial intelligence may lead to a large number of unemployment and affect social stability.
Fr om my point of view, it is very necessary for human to develop artificial intelligence in the future. Because it not only can provide the world with many different benefits, but also can solve people's short-term and long-term problems.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。写作背景： 随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，你班同学就"人工智能是否会取代人类工作"这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，人工智能可以提高生产效率，解放人类从事更有价值的工作；也有人认为人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量失业，影响社会稳定。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 人工智能技术的发展现状。2. 人工智能对工作和社会的影响。3. 个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。 本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Recently we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether mankind would be replaced by artificial intelligence. 运用了同位语从句；Some people hold the view that AI will not only improve the production efficiency but also free humanity for more valuable work in our daily life. 运用了同位语从句；While other people argue that the wide use of artificial intelligence may lead to a large number of unemployment and affect social stability.运用了宾语从句；From my point of view, it is very necessary for human to develop artificial intelligence in the future. 运用了it作形式主语。
47．（2024高二下·佛山期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Inhabiting a modest hamlet, the Meredith household found themselves amidst a period of economic downturn. During this time, a significant portion of the local populace faced unemployment, leading to widespread financial distress. Numerous families grappled with the daily struggle to sustain their livelihoods, and a sense of communal solidarity emerged as individuals endeavored to provide mutual support in the face of adversity.
Among the residents of this community, Mrs. Meredith stood out as an epitome of benevolence and consideration. She dedicated considerable hours to engaging with those less fortunate, acutely aware of their plights and the diverse forms of assistance they required. Whenever feasible, she would extend her aid by delivering provisions and medical supplies to those in need.
On a particular morning, Mrs. Meredith recounted to her offspring—John, Harry, and Clara—about a family she had encountered the previous day. The family was comprised of an indisposed patriarch confined to his bed, his spouse who, burdened with caregiving responsibilities, was unable to seek employment, and their young son. The boy, Bernard, had captured her interest significantly.
She expressed a desire for her children to witness Bernard's situation, highlighting his role as a significant support to his mother and his earnest desire to contribute financially, despite the apparent lack of opportunities.
Once their mother departed, the siblings convened, contemplating Bernard's predicament. Clara voiced her empathy, wishing to facilitate his financial independence, acknowledging the profound hardship endured by his family.
Echoing her sentiments, Harry concurred, emphasizing the necessity of devising a strategy to alleviate their plight.
Initially silent, John eventually rose abruptly, exclaiming his inspiration. He proclaimed the conception of a plan that could be collaboratively executed to aid Bernard.
His siblings, intrigued, eagerly awaited his proposal. John's ideas were renowned for their ingenuity, and he proposed, "Consider the substantial crate of maize that Uncle John bestowed upon us. We could transform it into popcorn, package it in paper sacks, and empower Bernard to distribute and vend it throughout the neighborhood."
注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para1: When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
Para2:With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
【答案】When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. She commended her children for their compassion and innovative thinking, recognizing the potential impact of the proposed endeavor. With heartfelt gratitude, she assisted them in refining the plan, suggesting ways to streamline the popcorn production process and enhance its marketability. Together, they worked tirelessly, transforming the crate of maize into batches of savory popcorn, meticulously packaging them for distribution. Mrs. Meredith marveled at her children's unity, determination, and unwavering commitment to aiding those in need.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. Empowered by the support and guidance of the Meredith siblings, Bernard embarked on his venture with a sense of purpose and optimism. Armed with bags of freshly made popcorn, he traversed the neighborhood, introducing his product with infectious enthusiasm. The community responded warmly to his initiative, moved by his resilience and earnest efforts to contribute to his family's well-being. As word of mouth spread, Bernard's popcorn business flourished, bringing not just financial relief but also a renewed sense of hope and camaraderie to all those involved.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知， Meredit 一家住在一个小村庄，正经历经济萧条，当地许多人失业，家庭生计困难，社区间互帮互助。 Meredit 夫人尤其乐善好施，常援助贫困家庭。一天，她向孩子们讲述了一位名叫 Bernard 的小孩，他家境贫寒却渴望帮助母亲分担。孩子们被触动，决定采取行动。 John 提议将叔叔赠送的一箱玉米制成爆米花，包装后让 Bernard 在社区售卖，以此来帮助他家改善经济状况。段落续写：①由第一段句首内容"当 Meredit 夫人听到 John 翰的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意。"可知，第一段可以描写 Meredit 夫人对 John 计划的支持和可能的行动。②由第二段句首内容"一切准备就绪后， Bernard 开始了他的新事业。"可知，第二段可以描写 Bernard 开始新生意的情景和他的感受。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：She commended her children for their compassion and innovative thinking, recognizing the potential impact of the proposed endeavor. 运用了现在分词作状语；With heartfelt gratitude, she assisted them in refining the plan, suggesting ways to streamline the popcorn production process and enhance its marketability. 运用了不定式作后置定语；Together, they worked tirelessly, transforming the crate of maize into batches of savory popcorn, meticulously packaging them for distribution. 运用了现在分词作状语； Empowered by the support and guidance of the Meredith siblings, Bernard embarked on his venture with a sense of purpose and optimism. 运用了过去分词作状语；Armed with bags of freshly made popcorn, he traversed the neighborhood, introducing his product with infectious enthusiasm. 运用了过去分词作状语，现在分词作状语；The community responded warmly to his initiative, moved by his resilience and earnest efforts to contribute to his family's well-being. 运用了形容词作状语；As word of mouth spread, Bernard's popcorn business flourished, bringing not just financial relief but also a renewed sense of hope and camaraderie to all those involved.运用了现在分词作状语。
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