高考语法填空精讲练专题(一)谓语动词 讲义（含解析）2025届高三英语二轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 高考语法填空精讲练专题(一)谓语动词 讲义（含解析）2025届高三英语二轮复习专项 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-12-27 00:04:08 | ||
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高考语法填空精讲练
专题一 谓语动词
Part 1 判断谓语与非谓语
考点简图
真题练习
1. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ___________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全国乙卷)
2. Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ___①___ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. Years later, ___②___ (move) to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest ___③___ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (2023·北京卷)
① ___________ ② ___________ ③ ___________
1. means 分析句子结构可知, 空处作谓语, 由前后时态可知, 此处用一般现在时, 主语为“The remarkable development of this city”, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。
2. ① would throw 考查时态。句意: 搬到瑞士后不久, 我要举办一个乔迁派对, 当所有30位客人都准时出现时, 我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
② having moved 考查非谓语动词。空处作状语, move先于主句谓语turned up之前发生, 故用having done 作状语, 填having moved。
③ had arrived 考查时态。句意: 多年以后, 搬到法国, 我在约定的时间赴宴, 却发现没有其他客人到场, 女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”, 应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
好题练习
一、单句语法填空
1. The experience of growing, picking and using herbs you’ve grown yourself has a positive impact on your mental health, ___________ (create) positive sensory experiences as well as a sense of accomplishment.
2. He and his colleagues had been in Madagascar for 10 days searching for a bird last ___________ (see) more than two decades ago.
3. The artist Alexandre Falguiere, ___________ (serve) in the French military, made a large snow-woman sitting on a snow cannon and named her La Résistance (“The Resistance”), who ___________ (become) a national symbol of France’s fight to remain independent.
1. creating 空处作状语, 表自然而然的结果, 应用现在分词, 填creating。
2. seen 本句已有谓语, 故空处作非谓语, see与a bird是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语。
3. serving; became 分析句子结构可知, 第一空作定语, 应用非谓语动词, The artist与serve是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作定语, 填serving; 第二空在who引导的定语从句中作谓语, 从句谓语与主句谓语时态一致, 应用一般过去时, 故填became。
(serve) in the French military), on a snow cannon) (“The Resistance”), fight) to remain independent).
二、篇章语法填空
The whole scene was almost overwhelming. The main street of the village was lined with two long rows of low wooden tables, which ① ___________ (stretch) as far as I could see, more than a hundred end on end. And every table ② ___________ (weigh) down with Hani festive foods: small fish, ③ ___________ (raise) in rice fields and fried until crackling-crisp; poached chicken and roast duck; boiled peanuts; and rounds of golden corn.
Everyone, including the children, ④ ___________ (drink) bowls of rice wine or the local Lancang River beer. ⑤ ___________ (begin) with a shout at one end of the street, a toast spread in a wave to the other end, and each table ⑥ ___________ (stand) in rapid succession to toast the table next to them. Barely had the food ⑦ ___________ (touch), but everyone was already red-cheeked and rolling-drunk, telling funny stories and singing songs, with waves of toasting ⑧ ___________ (rise) up and down the street every few minutes. serious eats
① stretched 空处为从句谓语, which指代tables, tables与stretch是主动关系, 主句为一般过去时, 故从句用一般过去时, 填stretched。
② was weighed 此处作谓语, 指过去的动作, every table 与weigh down是被动关系, 故用一般过去时的被动语态, 填was weighed。weigh... down... “压得……难以移动; 压弯”。
③ raised 空处作定语修饰small fish, raise与small fish 是逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语, 填raised。
④ was drinking 此处作谓语, 指过去这个场景中正在发生的动作, 应用过去进行时, including 连接两个并列主语, 谓语的数与everyone一致, 应用第三人称单数, 故填was drinking。
⑤ Beginning 本句已有谓语, 空处作非谓语, a toast 与begin是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作状语, 句首首字母需大写, 故填Beginning。
with a shout at one end of the street}, in_a_wave (stand) ).
翻译: 一声呐喊从街道一端响起, 干杯的热潮如波浪般传遍整条街, 每一桌的人都纷纷起身, 与隔壁桌上的人交杯对庆。
⑥ stood 空处作谓语, 且指过去的动作, 用一般过去时。此处table为熟词生义, 意为“一桌人”。
⑦ been touched 此处是倒装句, barely “几乎不; 几乎没有”置于句首, 用倒装, 空处作谓语, “几乎没动过”表先于主句“喝得满脸通红, 酩酊大醉”之前的动作, 应用过去完成时, food与touch 是被动关系, 应用过去完成时的被动语态。空前已有助动词had, 故填been touched。合成词: red-cheeked “脸颊泛红的”; rolling-drunk “酩酊大醉的”。长难句分析:
Barely had (touch), drunk, (rise) up and down the street every few minutes」.
翻译: 食物几乎没动过, 但每个人早已喝得满脸通红, 酩酊大醉, 讲有趣的故事的, 唱歌的, 街上每隔几分钟就会掀起一阵阵干杯的浪潮。
⑧ rising 此处是with复合结构, waves 与rise是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作宾补, 填rising。
Part 2 谓语命题角度
动词时态
解题思路
考点简图
真题练习
1. As a little girl, I ___________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
2. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
3. In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. (2022·全国甲卷)
4. The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (2021·全国甲卷)
5. The use of those plastics ___________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. (2022·北京卷)
6. He quickly ___________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
7. To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. (2022·全国乙卷)
8. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ___________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. (2023·浙江首考)
9. Henry ___________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
10. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ___________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
11. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:...
● Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices....
● Make sure that the tourism ___________ (provide) experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. (2021·全国乙卷改编)
12. The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ___________ (cancel) the party. (2022·天津卷)
1. wished 根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I’m living out that dream”可知, 空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望, 故时态应用一般过去时, 故填wished。live out that dream “实现那个梦想”。
2. was 分析句子可知, “how hard it ___________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语, it是从句的形式主语, 不定式为真正的主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。根据从句中的then可知, 此处陈述过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。故填was。
3. has walked 根据时间状语In the last five years可知, 此处应用现在完成时, 主语Cao为第三人称单数, 助动词用has。故填has walked。
4. was built 分析句子可知, 空处为谓语, 主语it指代上一句中的The Xi’an City Wall, 与动词build之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 又由时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知, 该句用一般过去时, 主语为第三人称单数, 谓语应用单数, 故填was built。build_(建造)—built—built。
5. has increased 根据句中since 2019, 可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义, 助动词用has。故填has increased。
6. threw 设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语, 空处应用一般过去时, 故填过去式threw。
7. addressed 空处作谓语, 且与上一句中的谓语took place时态一致, 应用一般过去时, 故填addressed。address在本句中为动词, 意为“致辞; 演讲”。
8. featured 分析句子结构可知, 空处需填谓语动词, 下一句主从句谓语 (formed / were) 都为一般过去时, 故空处应用一般过去时。故填featured。feature “以……为特色 ; 以……为主要组成”。
9. was fixing 此处是固定句式was / were doing sth. when... 表“正在做某事, 这时……”。此处为Henry正在修车, 这时他突然听到尖叫声。主语为第三人称单数, 故填 was fixing。
10. are 分析句子结构可知, 空处在once引导的从句中作谓语, 主句谓语是一般将来时, 故once引导的从句用一般现在时, 主语是you, 故填are。
humans are].
11. provides make sure 后接宾语从句, 谓语常用一般现在时, 主语是the tourism, 故谓语用第三人称单数形式, 填provides。
12. had cancelled “学校取消派对”发生在found out 之前, 表“过去的过去”, 应用过去完成时, 填had cancelled。
好题练习
一、单句语法填空
1. In the 2000s, Evelyn ___________ (turn) her attention to the crisis of climate change and to communicating with a skeptical public.
2. At present, I don’t know of any AI program with drive, but it ___________ (be) certainly conceivable (可想象的).
3. Currently, the American Federation for Aging Research ___________ (prepare) a series of six-year clinical trials.
4. Since the 1980s, Japan ___________ (take) a creative approach to beautifying its manhole covers.
5. Then he floated on his back until he felt calm. Since then, he ___________ (go) into the creek each day.
6. Since its foundation in 2005, the nonprofit ___________ (supply) more than 18, 000 children and adults with everything from adaptive strollers to hospital beds, all donated.
7. They __________ (take) off the chains that had protected their own tyres and put them on that car’s tyres rapidly.
8. Tang suit ___________ (have) a great influence on the clothing styles of other countries up till now.
9. Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically changes the water flow of the Min River and channels it into irrigation. For more than 2, 000 years, the dam ___________ (continue) to make the most of the water protection works.
10. Good evening, everybody. Professor King ___________ (deliver) his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
11. A colleague and I ___________ (discuss) where to go camping when a man nearby interrupted.
12. It ___________ (be) two decades since my wife and I bought the tree.
13. By the time Brad left for college, he ___________ (grow) emotionally distant from his father and, ultimately, they had no relationship.
14. It is the first time in her life she ___________ (camp) and slept outdoors.
15. They ___________ (talk) about families and parents, about loss, pain and regret. They told each other they ___________ (waste) too many years being estranged.
16. Seeing how the work helped him, in 2018 he ___________ (found) Hives for Heroes, a Houston-based nonprofit that ___________ (teach) more than 1, 200 troubled veterans (老兵) to tend their own hives.
17. It is a technology that senses the environment and, upon entering the destination, ___________ (find) its way without human intervention.
18. Whether you ___________ (plan) to visit the Great Wall for the first time or the 50th, the following destinations are sure to make your trip to China even more worthwhile.
19. As Xizhazi is a small village, buses ___________ (be) scarce so it can take up to five hours to get there by public transport, as opposed to 90 minutes by car.
20. International Chinese Language Day __________ (fall) on April 20, and this year a series of celebrations, themed Together for the Future, were held by three different organizations at home and abroad successfully.
21. The origin of yunjin can be traced to the late Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), when General Liu Yu defeated the Later Qin kingdom and ___________ (bring) the kingdom’s craftsmen from Chang’an to the then capital Nanjing.
22. A team of scientists set out to measure the brainwaves of an 87-year-old patient who ___________ (develop) epilepsy (癫痫) for many years.
1. turned 句中时间状语是In the 2000s, 故该句用一般过去时, 填turned。
2. is 句中时间状语是At present, 故用一般现在时, 填is。
3. is preparing 句中时间状语是Currently, 故该句用现在进行时, 填is preparing。
4. has taken 句中时间状语是Since the 1980s, 故用现在完成时, 填has taken。
5. has gone / has been going 句中时间状语是Since then, 故用现在完成时, 此处也可强调一直持续的动作, 用现在完成进行时, 填has gone / has been going。
6. has supplied 句中时间状语是Since its foundation in 2005, 故该句用现在完成时, 填has supplied。
7. took 句意: 他们摘下保护自己轮胎的链条, 迅速把它们放在那辆汽车轮胎上。结合句意和空后的had protected可知, 事情发生在过去, 主句用一般过去时, 故填took。
8. has had 空处作谓语, 句中时间状语是 up till now, 故用现在完成时, 故填has had。
9. has continued 句意: 两千多年以来, 都江堰一直发挥着最大的防洪作用。根据时间状语For more than 2, 000 years可知为现在完成时, 主语为dam, 助动词用has。故填has continued。
10. will be delivering / will deliver 句意: 大家晚上好, 金教授马上要发表演讲, 但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment (立即, 即将, 一会儿)的提示, 可知教授的演讲还未开始, 用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时), 故填will be delivering / will deliver。
11. were discussing was / were doing sth. when... “正在做……这时……”, 故填were discussing。
12. has been / is 固定句式It has been / is + 时间段 + since..., 空处用一般现在时或现在完成时。
13. had grown By the time引导时间状语从句, 从句是一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时。
14. has camped 该句是It is the first time that句式, 从句谓语用现在完成时, 填has camped。
15. talked; had wasted 第一空与第二句谓语时态一致, 应用一般过去时, 填talked; 第二空作从句谓语, waste先于told之前发生, 表过去的过去, 应用过去完成时, 故填had wasted。
16. founded; has taught 据第一空前的时间状语in 2018可知, 谓语用一般过去时, 故填founded; 第二空指从该组织成立后到现在已经教了1 200多名老兵, 应用现在完成时, that引导的从句修饰名词nonprofit, 故谓语用单数, 填has taught。
17. finds 句意: 这是一种可以感知环境的技术, 一旦进入目的地, 就可以在没有人为干预的情况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知, 空处和senses并列, 作that引导的定语从句的谓语, 时态为一般现在时, find也应用第三人称单数形式。故填finds。
18. are planning 此处表正要或将要发生的动作, 用现在进行时表将来, 填are planning。
19. are 从句是一般现在时, 故主句用一般现在时, 主语buses是复数名词, 故填are。
20. falls 句意: 4月20日是国际汉语日, 今年, 国内外三个不同的组织成功举办了一系列以“携手共创未来”为主题的庆祝活动。fall on(适逢)作谓语动词, 与主语International Chinese Language Day之间是主动关系, 陈述客观事实用一般现在时, 又因主语是专有名词, 表节日, 谓语动词应用单数, 故填falls。
21. brought 句意: 云锦的起源可以追溯到东晋末年(317-420), 当时刘裕将军击败了后秦, 并将工匠从长安带到当时的首都南京。分析句子, 空处作谓语, 根据前文的并列谓语defeated及句意可知, 句子表述过去事实, 故用一般过去时, 填brought。
22. had developed 句意: 一组科学家开始测量一名患有癫痫多年的87岁患者的脑电波。根据句中set可知, 本句使用一般过去时, 分析句子结构可知, who引导修饰先行词patient的定语从句, 并在句中作主语, 空处作谓语, 且develop发生在set out之前, 为“过去的过去”, 故用过去完成时。填had developed。
二、篇章语法填空
Looking back, I’ve come to realize it was my frequent visits to different parts of the Great Wall in Beijing that ① ___________ (be) a driving force behind my desire to explore the rest of the country and, along with it, the many sections of the wall that lie outside the capital’s boundaries. Work on the Great Wall ② ___________ (begin) more than 2, 500 years ago, its origins dating back to China’s Spring and Autumn Period of around 770 BCE to 476 BCE. Various sections were added in subsequent eras as competing dynasties and factions (派系) ③ ___________ (seek) to exert (施加) their control. Work eventually ④ ___________ (stop) in the 17th century. Though not a single, unbroken structure, the wall spans over 21, 000 kilometers, winding through 15 provinces, 97 prefectures and 404 counties. And while certain sections have been incredibly popular among tourists, many parts ⑤ ___________ (slip) into obscurity (默默无闻), disrepair and sometimes oblivion (遗忘). CNN
① were 强调句中it后是一般过去时, 故that后用一般过去时, 该句强调my frequent visits, 故此处谓语用复数, 填were。
② began 根据句中时间状语more than 2, 500 years ago可知, 该句用一般过去时, 故填began。begin(开始)—began—begun—beginning。
③ sought 主句是一般过去时, 故从句用一般过去时, 填sought。
④ stopped 该句时间状语是in the 17th century, 故谓语用一般过去时, 填stopped。
⑤ have slipped while引导的从句是现在完成时, 故主句用现在完成时, 填have slipped。slip into... “陷入, 进入……处境”。
动词语态
解题思路
考点简图
真题练习
1. The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷 )
2. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ___________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷)
3. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ___________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023·浙江首考)
4. But how can a painting ___________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind (2022·浙江卷)
5. The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on display. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
6. The artist was sure he would ___________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. (全国卷Ⅲ)
1. is designed 句意: GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性, 保护生物多样性, 保护生态缓冲区, 为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语, 和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系; 叙述客观事实, 应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态, 主语为单数, 谓语用单数形式。故填is designed。
2. was amazed 句意: 在过去的10年里, 我来过几次, 我惊叹于新与旧的共存, 以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的遗产。主语I和amaze之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 根据and后的was able to可知, 此处用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was amazed。
3. were permitted 空处在句中作谓语, 主语Citizens of higher social classes与其为被动关系, 又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知, 此处用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填were permitted。
4. be appreciated 主语a painting与动词appreciate是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 此处是含有情态动词的被动语态, 空前已有情态动词can, 故填be appreciated。
5. are called 根据下一句的时态并结合此处描述的是客观情况可知, 该句应用一般现在时; 主语The parts 与call是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且主语The parts 是复数概念。故填are called。
6. be chosen 本句主语he与choose是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。choose(选择)—chose—chosen—choosing。
好题练习
一、单句语法填空
1. There are plenty of islands in the world, but Surtsey is one of the youngest, with the lightest of human footprints; only a few researchers ___________ (allow) to visit it each year.
2. It is amazing the difference this has made: now it ___________ (surround) by plants, trees and wildlife, with all the benefits attached to that transformation.
3. A total of 14 street cats ___________ (gather) at France’s space agency for selection as cat astronauts, but the cats were not given names on purpose in order to prevent scientists from becoming too fond of them.
4. His younger sister had announced her engagement and a wedding date ___________ (set) for a Duncan Falls church.
5. Our society ___________ (base) on the principle that people work for money, which they use to buy things and pay taxes. What ___________ (leave) of society if most people can’t get money by working
6. Rapamycin(雷帕霉素), meanwhile, increases lifespan and health span in animals and ___________ (test) as an anti-ageing drug in dogs currently.
7. So, very early on, contact between different British dialects ___________ (occur) in the settlements, and this led to the appearance of new, mixed dialects not precisely like any of those which ___________ (speak) in their homeland.
8. Kites, which were invented over 2, 000 years ago in China, ___________ (believe) to be the earliest flying objects created by humans.
1. are allowed 句中时间状语是each year, 故该句用一般现在时, 主语researchers与allow是被动关系, 故用一般现在时的被动语态, 填are allowed。
2. is surrounded now, 用一般现在时, 主语与surround是被动关系, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。
3. were gathered 主语cats与动词gather是被动关系, 表示这些猫是被收集起来的, 应用被动语态, 空处与but后的谓语were时态一致, 应用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填were gathered。
4. had been set 空处与句中已有的谓语动词had announced时态一致, 应用过去完成时, 主语date与set为被动关系, 用过去完成时的被动语态, 填had been set。
5. is based; will be left 从句是一般现在时, 故第一空是一般现在时, 主语society与base是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 填is based; 第二空从句是一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时, 主语what与leave是被动关系, 故用一般将来时的被动语态, 填will be left。
6. is being tested 句中时间状语是currently, 故此处表正在进行, 用现在进行时, 主语Rapamycin与test是被动关系, 应用现在进行时的被动语态, 填is being tested。
7. occurred; were spoken 第一空occur是不及物动词, 无被动语态, 句中时间状语是very early on, 故用一般过去时, 填occurred; 第二空在从句中作谓语, 先行词是those, 与speak是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且谓语的数与those一致, 故谓语用复数形式, 从句谓语与主句谓语led to 时态一致, 应用一般过去时的被动语态, 填were spoken。
8. are believed 句意: 2 000多年前在中国发明的风筝被认为是人类创造的最早的飞行物体。分析句子可知, 空处为谓语动词, 主语为复数名词Kites, 和动词believe为被动关系, 结合句意可知, 陈述客观事实, 所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are believed。
二、篇章语法填空
Italian opera singing ① ___________ (recognise) on a UN cultural heritage list in a move hailed as an acknowledgment of a “living art form”. Italian opera made its debut in the late 1500s in Florence and went on to generate many world-renowned composers. UNESCO, the UN’s cultural agency, said, “Italian opera singing ② ___________ (grant) a place on its intangible cultural heritage list, joining other Italian practices such as the art of pizza-making. Performed by people of all genders, Italian opera is associated with specific facial expressions and body gestures and involves a combination of music, drama, acting and staging. ” The first opera in Italy ③ ___________ (consider) to be Jacopo Peri’s Dafne, performed in Florence in 1598 for the court of the Medici family. the Guardian
① is recognised / has been recognised 主语Italian opera singing与recognise是被动关系, 应用被动语态。根据语境 “被认为上了联合国文化遗产名录” , 可理解为客观事实, 也可理解为 “已经”。
② is granted / has been granted 主语Italian opera singing 与grant “给予”是被动关系, 应用被动语态。此处可理解为客观事实，也可理解为“已被给予”。
③ is considered 主语The first opera 与consider是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 此处指客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 故用一般现在时的被动语态, 填is considered。
主谓一致
考点简图
真题练习
1. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___________ (be) previously unprotected. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
2. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ___________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)
3. Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ___________ (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. (2022·天津卷)
4. Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
5. Gas naturally ___________ (have) no recognisable smell. (2022·北京卷)
6. As it __________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. (2021·北京卷)
7. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___________ (carry) special significance. (全国卷Ⅱ)
8. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ___________ (remain) around that level ever since. (天津卷)
1. were 空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语, 根据“previously (之前地)”可知, 从句的时态应为一般过去时。先行词a significant number of areas为复数, 关系代词that指代先行词, 在从句中作主语, be动词用复数形式, 故填were。
2. was 根据前一句的谓语动词时态和定语从句的谓语动词wrote可知, 此处描述发生在过去的事情, 用一般过去时; “one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中, 谓语动词用单数, 故填was。
3. prepares 句意: 批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with / along with / as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词(短语)作主语时, 谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词(短语)决定, 句子主语为Critical reasoning, 谓语动词应用单数形式, 此处为客观陈述, 应用一般现在时, 故填prepares。
4. is the number of “……的数目”, 后接可数名词的复数形式, 谓语动词用单数。根据主句的时态可知, 从句用一般现在时。故填is。
5. has 空处作谓语, 此处陈述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 且主语Gas在此处指的是气体的统称, 为不可数名词, 所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
6. connects 由主句谓语动词turns可知, 空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时, 主语是第三人称单数it, 空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
7. carries 从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”, 谓语动词用单数。
8. has remained 根据句中时间状语ever since“从那以后”可知, 该句用现在完成时。主语为The number of medical schools, the number of 表“……的数目”, 修饰复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。remain “保持”是不及物动词, 无被动语态, 故填has remained。
好题练习
一、单句语法填空
1. Since 2011, 40% of America’s bee colonies ___________ (lose) to pesticides, pests and climate change.
2. “Having a plant __________ (do) not immediately or directly impact mental health processes, ” says Keith.
3. To cook a Chinese scallion pancake (cong you bing) ___________ (be) easy. Start by scattering the scallions into the dough (面团). Next, you need to add the oil.
4. Visitors to Beijing now have a new way to enjoy the charm of the capital by taking a boat trip on the Grand Canal, a major waterway which ___________ (link) Beijing and Hangzhou. It is 1, 794 km long and ___________ (have) a history of more than 2, 500 years.
5. The Peony Pavilion, written by playwright Tang Xianzu, who ___________ (compare) to Shakespeare, is still loved by fans from around the world.
6. What the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got, ___________ (consider) the first-ever recording of a dying brain.
7. The flowing water goes around the hall to the north, and by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ___________ (be) artificial hills.
8. Much of the world’s electronic waste will not be recycled, reused or even disposed of in a safe and controlled manner. Only around 17. 5 percent ___________ (record) as recycled in 2019.
9. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, ___________ (be) designed initially to control the water flow throughout the year.
10. After the plane landed, Mr. Anton found he received a flood of messages. Some ___________ (be) from supportive colleagues, but many harshly criticized his work.
11. Each pancake ___________ (cook) on a circular cast-iron grill, just the way you want it.
12. And up until maybe 5 or 10 years ago, the number of English-language recipes for Chinese dishes you could find in a cookbook or on the Internet ___________ (be) still extremely limited.
1. have been lost 句中时间状语是Since 2011, 故用现在完成时, 主语是“百分数 + of + 复数名词colonies”, 故谓语用复数, colonies与lose是被动关系, 故填have been lost。
2. does 空处作谓语, 主语是动名词, 谓语用单数, 根据该句已有谓语says, 此处用一般现在时。
3. is 句意: 做葱油饼很容易。空处为谓语动词, 此处表客观事实, 时态应用一般现在时; 主语为To cook a Chinese scallion pancake, 视作单数, 谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
4. links; has 分析句子结构可知, which引导的定语从句修饰先行词a major waterway, 设空在which引导的定语从句中作谓语, 动词的数与先行词的数一致, 主句是一般现在时, 故从句用一般现在时, 第一空填links; 第二空在句中作谓语, 且与句中已有的动词is时态一致, 主语是it, 谓语用单数形式。
5. is compared 句意: 被比作莎士比亚的剧作家汤显祖所著的《牡丹亭》至今仍受到世界各地粉丝的喜爱。该句陈述客观事实, 关系代词 who 指代 Tang Xianzu, 表单数意义, 和动词 compare 之间为被动关系, 用一般现在时的被动语态, 故填 is compared。
6. was considered 句意: 当时驻扎在加拿大温哥华的研究小组意外得到的东西被认为是第一份关于垂死的大脑的记录。根据got可知,一般过去时。what the team accidentally got作主语, 空处应作谓语, 且与句子主语构成被动关系, 应用被动语态, 从句在句中作主语, be动词应用单数。
7. are “by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ___________ (be) artificial hills” 是全部倒装句, 空处作谓语, 由已有的谓语 goes 可知, 用一般现在时, 主语为 artificial hills, 故谓语动词用are。
8. was recorded 空处在句中作谓语, 根据时间状语in 2019, 该动作发生在过去; 17. 5 percent之后省略了 of the world’s electronic waste, 谓语应使用单数, 且主语和record之间为被动关系, 应用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was recorded。
9. was 句意: 这个著名的景点, 鱼嘴, 连同另外两个重要的部分, 即飞沙堰和宝瓶口, 最初是为了控制全年的水流而设计的。根据initially可知为一般过去时, 且谓语应与This famous attraction保持一致。
10. were 空处所在分句为主系表结构, 叙述的是过去发生的事情, 主语 Some为不定代词, 指代前面的复数名词messages, 谓语用复数, 故填were。
11. is cooked 句意: 每个煎饼都是在圆形铸铁烤架上烤的, 就像你想要的那样。煎饼是被烤, 应用被动语态, the way后的定语从句是一般现在时, 此处用一般现在时, 故空处用一般现在时的被动语态, 主语each pancake是单数, 故填is cooked。
12. was 句意: 直到大约5年或10年前, 你可以在食谱或网上找到的英文版中国菜食谱的数量仍很有限。分析句子结构可知, 主句为主系表结构, 主语为“the number of + 复数名词”形式, 谓语用单数, 该动作发生在过去, 故填was。
二、篇章语法填空
Nearly half of all bird species are in decline and one in eight of them ① ___________ (endanger) with extinction. So, choosing which should take priority ② ___________ (be) not easy. The Search for Lost Birds, a collaboration between Re: wild, American Bird Conservancy (ABC) and BirdLife International, ③ ___________ (focus) on “lost” species: ones with no captive population that haven’t been verifiably documented for over a decade, but that aren’t yet classified as extinct. There ④ ___________ (be) around 140 of these. New Scientist
① are endangered 主语与endanger是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且one in eight of them指八分之一的鸟类物种, 故谓语用复数, and前的谓语是一般现在时, 故此处用一般现在时的被动语态,。
② is 该句主语是动名词短语, 故谓语用单数, 根据前一句时态可知, 此处用一般现在时, 填is。
③ focuses 该句主语是The Search for Lost Birds, 谓语用单数形式, 前文是一般现在时。
④ are there be句式中谓语的数与be动词后名词around 140 of these的数一致, 故填are。
Part 3 谓语动词非常规考法
动词构词规律
考点简图
真题练习
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. (全国卷Ⅰ)
strengthen 语境表“锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉”, 此处to是不定式符号, 其后用动词原形。
好题练习
1. Health policy specialists say the move will likely ___________ (wide) the country’s health inequalities.
2. We’re trying to ___________ (sure) all of our employees are respected, included, and able to perform at their best.
3. In the process of creating the civilized city, we all should do our best to ________ (beauty) our community.
4. I am about to ___________ (apology) to the boy, but he is gone.
5. Daily practice ___________ (able) me to speak English fluently in class.
1. widen 空处作谓语, 且空前是情态动词will, 故填widen。
2. ensure 空前是不定式符号to, 故空处填动词原形, sure的动词形式是ensure “确保”。
3. beautify do one’s best to do sth. 为固定搭配, 故空处应用动词原形。
4. apologize be about to do sth. 为固定搭配, 所以此处要用名词apology的动词形式apologize。
5. enables 空处作谓语, 形容词able要变为动词, 表示“使能够”, 加前缀en-转化为enable, 同时还要注意主语为Daily practice, practice为不可数名词, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
特殊句式中的谓语
考点简图
真题练习
1. You shouldn’t __________ (scold) him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. (天津卷)
2. If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn’t ___________ (be) where I am. (江苏卷)
3. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would ___________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. (天津卷)
4. They might have found a better hotel if they ___________ (drive) a few more kilometers. (北京卷)
5. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ___________ (have) a second chance to become more involved. (江苏卷)
1. have scolded 此处表示“本不该”, shouldn’t have done指做了本不该做的事。
2. be 此处是错综时间虚拟语气, 根据空后where I am可知, 主句是与现在事实相反的假设, 主句谓语动词应用would do形式。空前已有wouldn’t, 故填be。
3. have accomplished 根据空前的“The workers were not better organized”及otherwise可知, 这是对过去情况的含蓄的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设, 其句子结构相当于: 从句: If + 主语 + 过去完成时 + 其他, 主句: 主语 + should (would、 could、 might) + have done + 其他。
4. had driven 由主句谓语“might have found”可知, if从句是对过去事实的假设, 从句用过去完成时。
5. had wish 后为宾语从句, 表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 从句谓语用一般过去时, 故填had。
好题练习
1. At present, there is no established measure of ageing that could ___________ (use) to assess whether an experimental catch-all drug is working.
2. If we __________ (lose) to another late goal, it could have had massive consequences for the team’s confidence.
3. Nuri would drive his 2018 Toyota Camry to every state in the Lower 48 on a 100-day trip to find 1, 000 strangers and ask them to share one thing they wish they ___________ (know) when they were younger.
4. Doctors also began using it to mask the unpleasant taste of medicines—and some doctors today still suggest that parents ___________ (try) that.
5. My recommendation is that everyone ___________ (foster) hobbies that don’t include screens—hiking, biking, gardening.
6. He insisted she ___________ (arrest) on charges of touching his clothes.
7. It is high time that you ___________ (give) yourself permission to do something that you like.
1. be used 主语measure与use是被动关系, 空前是情态动词could, 故空处填be used。
2. had lost 主句是could have done, 故此处是对过去的假设, 从句用过去完成时, 填had lost。
3. had known 根据when they were younger, wish宾语从句是对过去的假设, 故从句谓语用过去完成时。
4. (should) try suggest 表“建议”, 其后接宾语从句, 从句谓语用should do, should可省略。
5. (should) foster 该句是my recommendation 的表语从句, 谓语用should do 形式, should可省略。
6. should be arrested insist在句中意为 “坚决要求”,从句用should do形式, 主语与arrest是被动关系。
7. should give / gave 该句是It is high time that句式, 从句谓语用should do或一般过去时。
专题一 谓语动词
Part 1 判断谓语与非谓语
考点简图
真题练习
1. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ___________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全国乙卷)
2. Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ___①___ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. Years later, ___②___ (move) to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest ___③___ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (2023·北京卷)
① ___________ ② ___________ ③ ___________
1. means 分析句子结构可知, 空处作谓语, 由前后时态可知, 此处用一般现在时, 主语为“The remarkable development of this city”, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。
2. ① would throw 考查时态。句意: 搬到瑞士后不久, 我要举办一个乔迁派对, 当所有30位客人都准时出现时, 我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
② having moved 考查非谓语动词。空处作状语, move先于主句谓语turned up之前发生, 故用having done 作状语, 填having moved。
③ had arrived 考查时态。句意: 多年以后, 搬到法国, 我在约定的时间赴宴, 却发现没有其他客人到场, 女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”, 应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
好题练习
一、单句语法填空
1. The experience of growing, picking and using herbs you’ve grown yourself has a positive impact on your mental health, ___________ (create) positive sensory experiences as well as a sense of accomplishment.
2. He and his colleagues had been in Madagascar for 10 days searching for a bird last ___________ (see) more than two decades ago.
3. The artist Alexandre Falguiere, ___________ (serve) in the French military, made a large snow-woman sitting on a snow cannon and named her La Résistance (“The Resistance”), who ___________ (become) a national symbol of France’s fight to remain independent.
1. creating 空处作状语, 表自然而然的结果, 应用现在分词, 填creating。
2. seen 本句已有谓语, 故空处作非谓语, see与a bird是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语。
3. serving; became 分析句子结构可知, 第一空作定语, 应用非谓语动词, The artist与serve是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作定语, 填serving; 第二空在who引导的定语从句中作谓语, 从句谓语与主句谓语时态一致, 应用一般过去时, 故填became。
(serve) in the French military), on a snow cannon) (“The Resistance”), fight) to remain independent).
二、篇章语法填空
The whole scene was almost overwhelming. The main street of the village was lined with two long rows of low wooden tables, which ① ___________ (stretch) as far as I could see, more than a hundred end on end. And every table ② ___________ (weigh) down with Hani festive foods: small fish, ③ ___________ (raise) in rice fields and fried until crackling-crisp; poached chicken and roast duck; boiled peanuts; and rounds of golden corn.
Everyone, including the children, ④ ___________ (drink) bowls of rice wine or the local Lancang River beer. ⑤ ___________ (begin) with a shout at one end of the street, a toast spread in a wave to the other end, and each table ⑥ ___________ (stand) in rapid succession to toast the table next to them. Barely had the food ⑦ ___________ (touch), but everyone was already red-cheeked and rolling-drunk, telling funny stories and singing songs, with waves of toasting ⑧ ___________ (rise) up and down the street every few minutes. serious eats
① stretched 空处为从句谓语, which指代tables, tables与stretch是主动关系, 主句为一般过去时, 故从句用一般过去时, 填stretched。
② was weighed 此处作谓语, 指过去的动作, every table 与weigh down是被动关系, 故用一般过去时的被动语态, 填was weighed。weigh... down... “压得……难以移动; 压弯”。
③ raised 空处作定语修饰small fish, raise与small fish 是逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语, 填raised。
④ was drinking 此处作谓语, 指过去这个场景中正在发生的动作, 应用过去进行时, including 连接两个并列主语, 谓语的数与everyone一致, 应用第三人称单数, 故填was drinking。
⑤ Beginning 本句已有谓语, 空处作非谓语, a toast 与begin是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作状语, 句首首字母需大写, 故填Beginning。
with a shout at one end of the street}, in_a_wave (stand) ).
翻译: 一声呐喊从街道一端响起, 干杯的热潮如波浪般传遍整条街, 每一桌的人都纷纷起身, 与隔壁桌上的人交杯对庆。
⑥ stood 空处作谓语, 且指过去的动作, 用一般过去时。此处table为熟词生义, 意为“一桌人”。
⑦ been touched 此处是倒装句, barely “几乎不; 几乎没有”置于句首, 用倒装, 空处作谓语, “几乎没动过”表先于主句“喝得满脸通红, 酩酊大醉”之前的动作, 应用过去完成时, food与touch 是被动关系, 应用过去完成时的被动语态。空前已有助动词had, 故填been touched。合成词: red-cheeked “脸颊泛红的”; rolling-drunk “酩酊大醉的”。长难句分析:
Barely had (touch), drunk, (rise) up and down the street every few minutes」.
翻译: 食物几乎没动过, 但每个人早已喝得满脸通红, 酩酊大醉, 讲有趣的故事的, 唱歌的, 街上每隔几分钟就会掀起一阵阵干杯的浪潮。
⑧ rising 此处是with复合结构, waves 与rise是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作宾补, 填rising。
Part 2 谓语命题角度
动词时态
解题思路
考点简图
真题练习
1. As a little girl, I ___________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
2. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
3. In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. (2022·全国甲卷)
4. The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (2021·全国甲卷)
5. The use of those plastics ___________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. (2022·北京卷)
6. He quickly ___________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
7. To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. (2022·全国乙卷)
8. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ___________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. (2023·浙江首考)
9. Henry ___________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
10. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ___________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
11. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:...
● Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices....
● Make sure that the tourism ___________ (provide) experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. (2021·全国乙卷改编)
12. The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ___________ (cancel) the party. (2022·天津卷)
1. wished 根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I’m living out that dream”可知, 空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望, 故时态应用一般过去时, 故填wished。live out that dream “实现那个梦想”。
2. was 分析句子可知, “how hard it ___________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语, it是从句的形式主语, 不定式为真正的主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。根据从句中的then可知, 此处陈述过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。故填was。
3. has walked 根据时间状语In the last five years可知, 此处应用现在完成时, 主语Cao为第三人称单数, 助动词用has。故填has walked。
4. was built 分析句子可知, 空处为谓语, 主语it指代上一句中的The Xi’an City Wall, 与动词build之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 又由时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知, 该句用一般过去时, 主语为第三人称单数, 谓语应用单数, 故填was built。build_(建造)—built—built。
5. has increased 根据句中since 2019, 可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义, 助动词用has。故填has increased。
6. threw 设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语, 空处应用一般过去时, 故填过去式threw。
7. addressed 空处作谓语, 且与上一句中的谓语took place时态一致, 应用一般过去时, 故填addressed。address在本句中为动词, 意为“致辞; 演讲”。
8. featured 分析句子结构可知, 空处需填谓语动词, 下一句主从句谓语 (formed / were) 都为一般过去时, 故空处应用一般过去时。故填featured。feature “以……为特色 ; 以……为主要组成”。
9. was fixing 此处是固定句式was / were doing sth. when... 表“正在做某事, 这时……”。此处为Henry正在修车, 这时他突然听到尖叫声。主语为第三人称单数, 故填 was fixing。
10. are 分析句子结构可知, 空处在once引导的从句中作谓语, 主句谓语是一般将来时, 故once引导的从句用一般现在时, 主语是you, 故填are。
humans are].
11. provides make sure 后接宾语从句, 谓语常用一般现在时, 主语是the tourism, 故谓语用第三人称单数形式, 填provides。
12. had cancelled “学校取消派对”发生在found out 之前, 表“过去的过去”, 应用过去完成时, 填had cancelled。
好题练习
一、单句语法填空
1. In the 2000s, Evelyn ___________ (turn) her attention to the crisis of climate change and to communicating with a skeptical public.
2. At present, I don’t know of any AI program with drive, but it ___________ (be) certainly conceivable (可想象的).
3. Currently, the American Federation for Aging Research ___________ (prepare) a series of six-year clinical trials.
4. Since the 1980s, Japan ___________ (take) a creative approach to beautifying its manhole covers.
5. Then he floated on his back until he felt calm. Since then, he ___________ (go) into the creek each day.
6. Since its foundation in 2005, the nonprofit ___________ (supply) more than 18, 000 children and adults with everything from adaptive strollers to hospital beds, all donated.
7. They __________ (take) off the chains that had protected their own tyres and put them on that car’s tyres rapidly.
8. Tang suit ___________ (have) a great influence on the clothing styles of other countries up till now.
9. Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically changes the water flow of the Min River and channels it into irrigation. For more than 2, 000 years, the dam ___________ (continue) to make the most of the water protection works.
10. Good evening, everybody. Professor King ___________ (deliver) his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
11. A colleague and I ___________ (discuss) where to go camping when a man nearby interrupted.
12. It ___________ (be) two decades since my wife and I bought the tree.
13. By the time Brad left for college, he ___________ (grow) emotionally distant from his father and, ultimately, they had no relationship.
14. It is the first time in her life she ___________ (camp) and slept outdoors.
15. They ___________ (talk) about families and parents, about loss, pain and regret. They told each other they ___________ (waste) too many years being estranged.
16. Seeing how the work helped him, in 2018 he ___________ (found) Hives for Heroes, a Houston-based nonprofit that ___________ (teach) more than 1, 200 troubled veterans (老兵) to tend their own hives.
17. It is a technology that senses the environment and, upon entering the destination, ___________ (find) its way without human intervention.
18. Whether you ___________ (plan) to visit the Great Wall for the first time or the 50th, the following destinations are sure to make your trip to China even more worthwhile.
19. As Xizhazi is a small village, buses ___________ (be) scarce so it can take up to five hours to get there by public transport, as opposed to 90 minutes by car.
20. International Chinese Language Day __________ (fall) on April 20, and this year a series of celebrations, themed Together for the Future, were held by three different organizations at home and abroad successfully.
21. The origin of yunjin can be traced to the late Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), when General Liu Yu defeated the Later Qin kingdom and ___________ (bring) the kingdom’s craftsmen from Chang’an to the then capital Nanjing.
22. A team of scientists set out to measure the brainwaves of an 87-year-old patient who ___________ (develop) epilepsy (癫痫) for many years.
1. turned 句中时间状语是In the 2000s, 故该句用一般过去时, 填turned。
2. is 句中时间状语是At present, 故用一般现在时, 填is。
3. is preparing 句中时间状语是Currently, 故该句用现在进行时, 填is preparing。
4. has taken 句中时间状语是Since the 1980s, 故用现在完成时, 填has taken。
5. has gone / has been going 句中时间状语是Since then, 故用现在完成时, 此处也可强调一直持续的动作, 用现在完成进行时, 填has gone / has been going。
6. has supplied 句中时间状语是Since its foundation in 2005, 故该句用现在完成时, 填has supplied。
7. took 句意: 他们摘下保护自己轮胎的链条, 迅速把它们放在那辆汽车轮胎上。结合句意和空后的had protected可知, 事情发生在过去, 主句用一般过去时, 故填took。
8. has had 空处作谓语, 句中时间状语是 up till now, 故用现在完成时, 故填has had。
9. has continued 句意: 两千多年以来, 都江堰一直发挥着最大的防洪作用。根据时间状语For more than 2, 000 years可知为现在完成时, 主语为dam, 助动词用has。故填has continued。
10. will be delivering / will deliver 句意: 大家晚上好, 金教授马上要发表演讲, 但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment (立即, 即将, 一会儿)的提示, 可知教授的演讲还未开始, 用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时), 故填will be delivering / will deliver。
11. were discussing was / were doing sth. when... “正在做……这时……”, 故填were discussing。
12. has been / is 固定句式It has been / is + 时间段 + since..., 空处用一般现在时或现在完成时。
13. had grown By the time引导时间状语从句, 从句是一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时。
14. has camped 该句是It is the first time that句式, 从句谓语用现在完成时, 填has camped。
15. talked; had wasted 第一空与第二句谓语时态一致, 应用一般过去时, 填talked; 第二空作从句谓语, waste先于told之前发生, 表过去的过去, 应用过去完成时, 故填had wasted。
16. founded; has taught 据第一空前的时间状语in 2018可知, 谓语用一般过去时, 故填founded; 第二空指从该组织成立后到现在已经教了1 200多名老兵, 应用现在完成时, that引导的从句修饰名词nonprofit, 故谓语用单数, 填has taught。
17. finds 句意: 这是一种可以感知环境的技术, 一旦进入目的地, 就可以在没有人为干预的情况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知, 空处和senses并列, 作that引导的定语从句的谓语, 时态为一般现在时, find也应用第三人称单数形式。故填finds。
18. are planning 此处表正要或将要发生的动作, 用现在进行时表将来, 填are planning。
19. are 从句是一般现在时, 故主句用一般现在时, 主语buses是复数名词, 故填are。
20. falls 句意: 4月20日是国际汉语日, 今年, 国内外三个不同的组织成功举办了一系列以“携手共创未来”为主题的庆祝活动。fall on(适逢)作谓语动词, 与主语International Chinese Language Day之间是主动关系, 陈述客观事实用一般现在时, 又因主语是专有名词, 表节日, 谓语动词应用单数, 故填falls。
21. brought 句意: 云锦的起源可以追溯到东晋末年(317-420), 当时刘裕将军击败了后秦, 并将工匠从长安带到当时的首都南京。分析句子, 空处作谓语, 根据前文的并列谓语defeated及句意可知, 句子表述过去事实, 故用一般过去时, 填brought。
22. had developed 句意: 一组科学家开始测量一名患有癫痫多年的87岁患者的脑电波。根据句中set可知, 本句使用一般过去时, 分析句子结构可知, who引导修饰先行词patient的定语从句, 并在句中作主语, 空处作谓语, 且develop发生在set out之前, 为“过去的过去”, 故用过去完成时。填had developed。
二、篇章语法填空
Looking back, I’ve come to realize it was my frequent visits to different parts of the Great Wall in Beijing that ① ___________ (be) a driving force behind my desire to explore the rest of the country and, along with it, the many sections of the wall that lie outside the capital’s boundaries. Work on the Great Wall ② ___________ (begin) more than 2, 500 years ago, its origins dating back to China’s Spring and Autumn Period of around 770 BCE to 476 BCE. Various sections were added in subsequent eras as competing dynasties and factions (派系) ③ ___________ (seek) to exert (施加) their control. Work eventually ④ ___________ (stop) in the 17th century. Though not a single, unbroken structure, the wall spans over 21, 000 kilometers, winding through 15 provinces, 97 prefectures and 404 counties. And while certain sections have been incredibly popular among tourists, many parts ⑤ ___________ (slip) into obscurity (默默无闻), disrepair and sometimes oblivion (遗忘). CNN
① were 强调句中it后是一般过去时, 故that后用一般过去时, 该句强调my frequent visits, 故此处谓语用复数, 填were。
② began 根据句中时间状语more than 2, 500 years ago可知, 该句用一般过去时, 故填began。begin(开始)—began—begun—beginning。
③ sought 主句是一般过去时, 故从句用一般过去时, 填sought。
④ stopped 该句时间状语是in the 17th century, 故谓语用一般过去时, 填stopped。
⑤ have slipped while引导的从句是现在完成时, 故主句用现在完成时, 填have slipped。slip into... “陷入, 进入……处境”。
动词语态
解题思路
考点简图
真题练习
1. The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷 )
2. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ___________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷)
3. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ___________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023·浙江首考)
4. But how can a painting ___________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind (2022·浙江卷)
5. The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on display. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
6. The artist was sure he would ___________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. (全国卷Ⅲ)
1. is designed 句意: GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性, 保护生物多样性, 保护生态缓冲区, 为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语, 和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系; 叙述客观事实, 应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态, 主语为单数, 谓语用单数形式。故填is designed。
2. was amazed 句意: 在过去的10年里, 我来过几次, 我惊叹于新与旧的共存, 以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的遗产。主语I和amaze之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 根据and后的was able to可知, 此处用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was amazed。
3. were permitted 空处在句中作谓语, 主语Citizens of higher social classes与其为被动关系, 又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知, 此处用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填were permitted。
4. be appreciated 主语a painting与动词appreciate是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 此处是含有情态动词的被动语态, 空前已有情态动词can, 故填be appreciated。
5. are called 根据下一句的时态并结合此处描述的是客观情况可知, 该句应用一般现在时; 主语The parts 与call是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且主语The parts 是复数概念。故填are called。
6. be chosen 本句主语he与choose是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。choose(选择)—chose—chosen—choosing。
好题练习
一、单句语法填空
1. There are plenty of islands in the world, but Surtsey is one of the youngest, with the lightest of human footprints; only a few researchers ___________ (allow) to visit it each year.
2. It is amazing the difference this has made: now it ___________ (surround) by plants, trees and wildlife, with all the benefits attached to that transformation.
3. A total of 14 street cats ___________ (gather) at France’s space agency for selection as cat astronauts, but the cats were not given names on purpose in order to prevent scientists from becoming too fond of them.
4. His younger sister had announced her engagement and a wedding date ___________ (set) for a Duncan Falls church.
5. Our society ___________ (base) on the principle that people work for money, which they use to buy things and pay taxes. What ___________ (leave) of society if most people can’t get money by working
6. Rapamycin(雷帕霉素), meanwhile, increases lifespan and health span in animals and ___________ (test) as an anti-ageing drug in dogs currently.
7. So, very early on, contact between different British dialects ___________ (occur) in the settlements, and this led to the appearance of new, mixed dialects not precisely like any of those which ___________ (speak) in their homeland.
8. Kites, which were invented over 2, 000 years ago in China, ___________ (believe) to be the earliest flying objects created by humans.
1. are allowed 句中时间状语是each year, 故该句用一般现在时, 主语researchers与allow是被动关系, 故用一般现在时的被动语态, 填are allowed。
2. is surrounded now, 用一般现在时, 主语与surround是被动关系, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。
3. were gathered 主语cats与动词gather是被动关系, 表示这些猫是被收集起来的, 应用被动语态, 空处与but后的谓语were时态一致, 应用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填were gathered。
4. had been set 空处与句中已有的谓语动词had announced时态一致, 应用过去完成时, 主语date与set为被动关系, 用过去完成时的被动语态, 填had been set。
5. is based; will be left 从句是一般现在时, 故第一空是一般现在时, 主语society与base是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 填is based; 第二空从句是一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时, 主语what与leave是被动关系, 故用一般将来时的被动语态, 填will be left。
6. is being tested 句中时间状语是currently, 故此处表正在进行, 用现在进行时, 主语Rapamycin与test是被动关系, 应用现在进行时的被动语态, 填is being tested。
7. occurred; were spoken 第一空occur是不及物动词, 无被动语态, 句中时间状语是very early on, 故用一般过去时, 填occurred; 第二空在从句中作谓语, 先行词是those, 与speak是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且谓语的数与those一致, 故谓语用复数形式, 从句谓语与主句谓语led to 时态一致, 应用一般过去时的被动语态, 填were spoken。
8. are believed 句意: 2 000多年前在中国发明的风筝被认为是人类创造的最早的飞行物体。分析句子可知, 空处为谓语动词, 主语为复数名词Kites, 和动词believe为被动关系, 结合句意可知, 陈述客观事实, 所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are believed。
二、篇章语法填空
Italian opera singing ① ___________ (recognise) on a UN cultural heritage list in a move hailed as an acknowledgment of a “living art form”. Italian opera made its debut in the late 1500s in Florence and went on to generate many world-renowned composers. UNESCO, the UN’s cultural agency, said, “Italian opera singing ② ___________ (grant) a place on its intangible cultural heritage list, joining other Italian practices such as the art of pizza-making. Performed by people of all genders, Italian opera is associated with specific facial expressions and body gestures and involves a combination of music, drama, acting and staging. ” The first opera in Italy ③ ___________ (consider) to be Jacopo Peri’s Dafne, performed in Florence in 1598 for the court of the Medici family. the Guardian
① is recognised / has been recognised 主语Italian opera singing与recognise是被动关系, 应用被动语态。根据语境 “被认为上了联合国文化遗产名录” , 可理解为客观事实, 也可理解为 “已经”。
② is granted / has been granted 主语Italian opera singing 与grant “给予”是被动关系, 应用被动语态。此处可理解为客观事实，也可理解为“已被给予”。
③ is considered 主语The first opera 与consider是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 此处指客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 故用一般现在时的被动语态, 填is considered。
主谓一致
考点简图
真题练习
1. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___________ (be) previously unprotected. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
2. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ___________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)
3. Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ___________ (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. (2022·天津卷)
4. Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
5. Gas naturally ___________ (have) no recognisable smell. (2022·北京卷)
6. As it __________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. (2021·北京卷)
7. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___________ (carry) special significance. (全国卷Ⅱ)
8. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ___________ (remain) around that level ever since. (天津卷)
1. were 空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语, 根据“previously (之前地)”可知, 从句的时态应为一般过去时。先行词a significant number of areas为复数, 关系代词that指代先行词, 在从句中作主语, be动词用复数形式, 故填were。
2. was 根据前一句的谓语动词时态和定语从句的谓语动词wrote可知, 此处描述发生在过去的事情, 用一般过去时; “one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中, 谓语动词用单数, 故填was。
3. prepares 句意: 批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with / along with / as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词(短语)作主语时, 谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词(短语)决定, 句子主语为Critical reasoning, 谓语动词应用单数形式, 此处为客观陈述, 应用一般现在时, 故填prepares。
4. is the number of “……的数目”, 后接可数名词的复数形式, 谓语动词用单数。根据主句的时态可知, 从句用一般现在时。故填is。
5. has 空处作谓语, 此处陈述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 且主语Gas在此处指的是气体的统称, 为不可数名词, 所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
6. connects 由主句谓语动词turns可知, 空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时, 主语是第三人称单数it, 空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
7. carries 从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”, 谓语动词用单数。
8. has remained 根据句中时间状语ever since“从那以后”可知, 该句用现在完成时。主语为The number of medical schools, the number of 表“……的数目”, 修饰复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。remain “保持”是不及物动词, 无被动语态, 故填has remained。
好题练习
一、单句语法填空
1. Since 2011, 40% of America’s bee colonies ___________ (lose) to pesticides, pests and climate change.
2. “Having a plant __________ (do) not immediately or directly impact mental health processes, ” says Keith.
3. To cook a Chinese scallion pancake (cong you bing) ___________ (be) easy. Start by scattering the scallions into the dough (面团). Next, you need to add the oil.
4. Visitors to Beijing now have a new way to enjoy the charm of the capital by taking a boat trip on the Grand Canal, a major waterway which ___________ (link) Beijing and Hangzhou. It is 1, 794 km long and ___________ (have) a history of more than 2, 500 years.
5. The Peony Pavilion, written by playwright Tang Xianzu, who ___________ (compare) to Shakespeare, is still loved by fans from around the world.
6. What the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got, ___________ (consider) the first-ever recording of a dying brain.
7. The flowing water goes around the hall to the north, and by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ___________ (be) artificial hills.
8. Much of the world’s electronic waste will not be recycled, reused or even disposed of in a safe and controlled manner. Only around 17. 5 percent ___________ (record) as recycled in 2019.
9. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, ___________ (be) designed initially to control the water flow throughout the year.
10. After the plane landed, Mr. Anton found he received a flood of messages. Some ___________ (be) from supportive colleagues, but many harshly criticized his work.
11. Each pancake ___________ (cook) on a circular cast-iron grill, just the way you want it.
12. And up until maybe 5 or 10 years ago, the number of English-language recipes for Chinese dishes you could find in a cookbook or on the Internet ___________ (be) still extremely limited.
1. have been lost 句中时间状语是Since 2011, 故用现在完成时, 主语是“百分数 + of + 复数名词colonies”, 故谓语用复数, colonies与lose是被动关系, 故填have been lost。
2. does 空处作谓语, 主语是动名词, 谓语用单数, 根据该句已有谓语says, 此处用一般现在时。
3. is 句意: 做葱油饼很容易。空处为谓语动词, 此处表客观事实, 时态应用一般现在时; 主语为To cook a Chinese scallion pancake, 视作单数, 谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
4. links; has 分析句子结构可知, which引导的定语从句修饰先行词a major waterway, 设空在which引导的定语从句中作谓语, 动词的数与先行词的数一致, 主句是一般现在时, 故从句用一般现在时, 第一空填links; 第二空在句中作谓语, 且与句中已有的动词is时态一致, 主语是it, 谓语用单数形式。
5. is compared 句意: 被比作莎士比亚的剧作家汤显祖所著的《牡丹亭》至今仍受到世界各地粉丝的喜爱。该句陈述客观事实, 关系代词 who 指代 Tang Xianzu, 表单数意义, 和动词 compare 之间为被动关系, 用一般现在时的被动语态, 故填 is compared。
6. was considered 句意: 当时驻扎在加拿大温哥华的研究小组意外得到的东西被认为是第一份关于垂死的大脑的记录。根据got可知,一般过去时。what the team accidentally got作主语, 空处应作谓语, 且与句子主语构成被动关系, 应用被动语态, 从句在句中作主语, be动词应用单数。
7. are “by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ___________ (be) artificial hills” 是全部倒装句, 空处作谓语, 由已有的谓语 goes 可知, 用一般现在时, 主语为 artificial hills, 故谓语动词用are。
8. was recorded 空处在句中作谓语, 根据时间状语in 2019, 该动作发生在过去; 17. 5 percent之后省略了 of the world’s electronic waste, 谓语应使用单数, 且主语和record之间为被动关系, 应用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was recorded。
9. was 句意: 这个著名的景点, 鱼嘴, 连同另外两个重要的部分, 即飞沙堰和宝瓶口, 最初是为了控制全年的水流而设计的。根据initially可知为一般过去时, 且谓语应与This famous attraction保持一致。
10. were 空处所在分句为主系表结构, 叙述的是过去发生的事情, 主语 Some为不定代词, 指代前面的复数名词messages, 谓语用复数, 故填were。
11. is cooked 句意: 每个煎饼都是在圆形铸铁烤架上烤的, 就像你想要的那样。煎饼是被烤, 应用被动语态, the way后的定语从句是一般现在时, 此处用一般现在时, 故空处用一般现在时的被动语态, 主语each pancake是单数, 故填is cooked。
12. was 句意: 直到大约5年或10年前, 你可以在食谱或网上找到的英文版中国菜食谱的数量仍很有限。分析句子结构可知, 主句为主系表结构, 主语为“the number of + 复数名词”形式, 谓语用单数, 该动作发生在过去, 故填was。
二、篇章语法填空
Nearly half of all bird species are in decline and one in eight of them ① ___________ (endanger) with extinction. So, choosing which should take priority ② ___________ (be) not easy. The Search for Lost Birds, a collaboration between Re: wild, American Bird Conservancy (ABC) and BirdLife International, ③ ___________ (focus) on “lost” species: ones with no captive population that haven’t been verifiably documented for over a decade, but that aren’t yet classified as extinct. There ④ ___________ (be) around 140 of these. New Scientist
① are endangered 主语与endanger是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且one in eight of them指八分之一的鸟类物种, 故谓语用复数, and前的谓语是一般现在时, 故此处用一般现在时的被动语态,。
② is 该句主语是动名词短语, 故谓语用单数, 根据前一句时态可知, 此处用一般现在时, 填is。
③ focuses 该句主语是The Search for Lost Birds, 谓语用单数形式, 前文是一般现在时。
④ are there be句式中谓语的数与be动词后名词around 140 of these的数一致, 故填are。
Part 3 谓语动词非常规考法
动词构词规律
考点简图
真题练习
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. (全国卷Ⅰ)
strengthen 语境表“锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉”, 此处to是不定式符号, 其后用动词原形。
好题练习
1. Health policy specialists say the move will likely ___________ (wide) the country’s health inequalities.
2. We’re trying to ___________ (sure) all of our employees are respected, included, and able to perform at their best.
3. In the process of creating the civilized city, we all should do our best to ________ (beauty) our community.
4. I am about to ___________ (apology) to the boy, but he is gone.
5. Daily practice ___________ (able) me to speak English fluently in class.
1. widen 空处作谓语, 且空前是情态动词will, 故填widen。
2. ensure 空前是不定式符号to, 故空处填动词原形, sure的动词形式是ensure “确保”。
3. beautify do one’s best to do sth. 为固定搭配, 故空处应用动词原形。
4. apologize be about to do sth. 为固定搭配, 所以此处要用名词apology的动词形式apologize。
5. enables 空处作谓语, 形容词able要变为动词, 表示“使能够”, 加前缀en-转化为enable, 同时还要注意主语为Daily practice, practice为不可数名词, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
特殊句式中的谓语
考点简图
真题练习
1. You shouldn’t __________ (scold) him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. (天津卷)
2. If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn’t ___________ (be) where I am. (江苏卷)
3. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would ___________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. (天津卷)
4. They might have found a better hotel if they ___________ (drive) a few more kilometers. (北京卷)
5. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ___________ (have) a second chance to become more involved. (江苏卷)
1. have scolded 此处表示“本不该”, shouldn’t have done指做了本不该做的事。
2. be 此处是错综时间虚拟语气, 根据空后where I am可知, 主句是与现在事实相反的假设, 主句谓语动词应用would do形式。空前已有wouldn’t, 故填be。
3. have accomplished 根据空前的“The workers were not better organized”及otherwise可知, 这是对过去情况的含蓄的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设, 其句子结构相当于: 从句: If + 主语 + 过去完成时 + 其他, 主句: 主语 + should (would、 could、 might) + have done + 其他。
4. had driven 由主句谓语“might have found”可知, if从句是对过去事实的假设, 从句用过去完成时。
5. had wish 后为宾语从句, 表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 从句谓语用一般过去时, 故填had。
好题练习
1. At present, there is no established measure of ageing that could ___________ (use) to assess whether an experimental catch-all drug is working.
2. If we __________ (lose) to another late goal, it could have had massive consequences for the team’s confidence.
3. Nuri would drive his 2018 Toyota Camry to every state in the Lower 48 on a 100-day trip to find 1, 000 strangers and ask them to share one thing they wish they ___________ (know) when they were younger.
4. Doctors also began using it to mask the unpleasant taste of medicines—and some doctors today still suggest that parents ___________ (try) that.
5. My recommendation is that everyone ___________ (foster) hobbies that don’t include screens—hiking, biking, gardening.
6. He insisted she ___________ (arrest) on charges of touching his clothes.
7. It is high time that you ___________ (give) yourself permission to do something that you like.
1. be used 主语measure与use是被动关系, 空前是情态动词could, 故空处填be used。
2. had lost 主句是could have done, 故此处是对过去的假设, 从句用过去完成时, 填had lost。
3. had known 根据when they were younger, wish宾语从句是对过去的假设, 故从句谓语用过去完成时。
4. (should) try suggest 表“建议”, 其后接宾语从句, 从句谓语用should do, should可省略。
5. (should) foster 该句是my recommendation 的表语从句, 谓语用should do 形式, should可省略。
6. should be arrested insist在句中意为 “坚决要求”,从句用should do形式, 主语与arrest是被动关系。
7. should give / gave 该句是It is high time that句式, 从句谓语用should do或一般过去时。