【高考英语】语法专题复习：核心语法知识夯基（从句及特殊句式）（含答案解析）

定语从句（讲义）
目录
一 关系词的用法
二 　that、 which只能用其中一个的情况
三 关系副词引导的定语从句
四 ＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句
五 as，which引导的定语从句
六 非限制性定语从句
七 定语从句中的主谓一致
八 定语从句易错题解析
九 高考模拟试题
概念：在复合句中修饰或限定先行词的句子称作定语从句。
关系词的用法
关系词 被修饰的先行词 关系词在从句 中充当的成分
who 指人的词 主语、宾语
whom 指人的词 宾语
whose 指人或物的词 定语
that 指人或物的词 主语、宾语、表语
which 指物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语
as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语
例句
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。
I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.
我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
He will tell you everything that he heard about it.
他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。
This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.
这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
There are occasions when (＝on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (＝in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (＝for which) he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
　that、 which只能用其中一个的情况
1. 只能用that，不能用which作先行词的情况
（1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。
All the people that come from the country work much harder.
所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
（2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用that， 不用which.如：
The first English novel that I read was Cities.
我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
（3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which.如：
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
（4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which.如：
　He is no longer the star that he was.
他不再是过去的那位明星了。
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
（5） 句中其他位置已出现which， 为避免重复， 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如：
Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超过我们的是哪辆车？
2. 只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况
（1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如：
The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如：
This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
（2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：
Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.
学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.
书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。
2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting
这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？
3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.
媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。
＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句
介词的选用
1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)
as，which引导的定语从句
1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为＂正如，正像＂，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。
As everybody knows，China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
2.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末，意为＂这，这一点＂。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese people’s long－held dreams come true.
莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。
3.as常用在下列习惯用语中。
(it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。
He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case.
他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。
4.＂such/so ...as ...＂表＂像……这样……＂的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. 上学期数学老师出了一道很难的考试题，没有一个人能解出来。
5.＂the same...that...＂表同一个人或物，而＂the same...as...＂表同种类的东西。
I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.
我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。
I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.
我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。
非限制性定语从句
非限定性定语从句在句子中是一个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次，大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。
类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开
关系词 所有的关系代词和关系副词；作宾语时可省略 除that以外的关系代词和关系副词；关系词不能省略
先行词 主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词 主句中的某一个词，也可以是整个句子
意义 对先行词进行限制、说明，是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可省去 对修饰的词或句子作进一步的说明，省去之后主句意思依然完整
翻译 译成＂……的＂，作先行词的定语 常译成并列分句
定语从句中的主谓一致
1.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.
给我的那台录音机是国产的。
2.＂one of ＋复数名词＂位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the，the only，the very 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
定语从句易错题解析
关系代词的选用
1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：
　　　 The person who broke the window must pay for it. 打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
　　　 The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。
2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。如：
　　　 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？
3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。如：
　　　 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。
4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。如：
　　　 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：
　　　 I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news. 我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。
6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。如：
　　　 I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。
　　　 He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 就在我离开那天他到得北京。
7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。如：
　　　 This is the house where we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
典例分析
1．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。
2．The woman astronaut ________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang.
A．which B．whose C．who D．whom
【答案】C
【详解】句意：给我们在太空上上了一课的女宇航员叫刘洋。
考查定语从句。先行词是The woman astronaut，是人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选C。
3．Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A．that B．those C．which D．/
【答案】A
【详解】句意：为了节省时间，很多95后的中国年轻人都采用上门做饭的方式。
考查定语从句引导词。that引导定语从句时，先行词是人/物，在句中作主语或宾语；those那些，指示代词；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物，在句中作主语或宾语；/不填。空后“...were born after 1995”在句中作定语修饰名词，先行词Chinese young people，指人，且空处在句中作主语，所以用who引导，故选A。
4．If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved.
A．who B．that C．whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意：如果我们怀着远大的梦想努力学习，没有什么是不能实现的。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是nothing，引导词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。故选B。
5．— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer
— The ones ________ have a happy ending.
A．that B．who C．those D．whom
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——汤姆，你喜欢什么样的故事？——那些有着幸福结局的故事。
考查定语从句。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出从句；who谁；those那些；whom谁，宾格。根据“The ones …have a happy ending.”可知，此处空后为定语从句修饰ones，ones指代stories“故事”，为物，使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选A。
只使用 which，不能用that的情况
　（1）在非限制性定语从句中。如：
　　　　I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted. 我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。
　 　(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如：
　　　　The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。
　 　(3) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。如：
　 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。
典例分析
1．We stopped for something of great use, ________ we shouldn’t be lost in.
A．who B．that C．which D．what
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们为了一些有用的东西停下来，一些我们不应该沉迷其中的东西。
考查定语从句。who先行词指人；that先行词指人或物；which先行词指物；what不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，且先行词“something of great use”指物，故用which引导。故选C。
2．Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan
A．where B．which C．who D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你知道云南的首都昆明吗？
考查定语从句。where，关系副词，指地点，在从句中作地点状语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，who的所有格，在从句中作定语。分析句子可知，is前缺少主语，先行词“Kunming”是物，且在句中作主语。故选B。
3．He seems not to have grasped ________ I meant, ________ greatly upsets me.
A．what; who B．that; that C．what; which D．how; which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他似乎没有领会我的意思，这让我非常难过。
考查从句。what什么；who谁；that那个；which哪一个；how怎么样。根据“He seems not to have grasped...I meant,...greatly upsets me.”可知grasped 之后是宾语从句且从句中meant后面缺少宾语,空处需填一个引导词what；逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，需填一个引导词指代前面整个句子，用which。故选C。
4．Beijing, __________ is the capital of China, is a city with a long history.
A．that B．where C．when D．which
【答案】D
【详解】句意：北京，是中国的首都，是一个有着悠久历史的城市。
考查定语从句。that关系代词，指物/人，在从句中作主语或宾语，不能引导非限制性定语从句；where关系副词，指地点，在从句中作状语；when关系副词，指时间，在从句中作状语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，此处应用which引导定语从句，故选D。
5．He was very rude to the customs officer, ________ of course made things even worse.
A．who B．whom C．what D．which
【答案】D
【详解】句意：他对海关官员非常粗鲁，这当然使事情变得更糟。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知“...of course made things even worse”说明了主句事件的影响，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句，关系词用which，故选D。
只能用that,不用which 的情况
　(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。如：
All that he said is true. 所有他说的都是真的。
　(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。如：
This is the only book that the old woman is interested in. 这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。如：
It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。
　(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如：
如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的书。
　(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。如：
He talked about the people and the things that he remembered. 他谈论他记起得的人和事。
典例分析
1．I like the farm ________ I visited last week.
A．where B．that C．who D．whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我喜欢我上周参观的那个农场。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“the farm ... I visited last week”可知此处是定语从句，先行词the farm指地点，但在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。
2．When I have difficulty in learning English, my teacher Miss Chen always gives me some advice ________ can be useful.
A．that B．what C．who D．whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意：当我学习英语有困难时，我的老师陈女士总是给我一些有用的建议。
考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句；who引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作主语；whose引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语。根据句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为some advice，在从句中作主语，所以用that引导定语从句。故选A。
3．The earth is the planet ________ provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it.
A．whose B．who C．what D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：地球为我们提供了我们所需要的一切，新鲜空气，清洁的水等等。保护它是我们的责任。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是planet，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选D。
4．—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A．that B．who C．what D．who
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——妈妈在等待。我们现在可以出发了吗？——等一下。我找不到我上周买的鞋了。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是“the shoes”，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，所以用that或which，结合选项，故选A。
5．The app “MAYI” encourages people to give away the clothes ________ they don’t need to the poor.
A．what B．whom C．who D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这款名为“MAYI”的应用鼓励人们把自己不需要的衣服送给穷人。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“the clothes ... they don’t need”可知此处是定语从句，先行词“the clothes”指物，且在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选D。
定语从句中的主谓一致易错情况
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。
He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。
典例分析
1．In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A．who B．that C．whom D．what
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指物，先行词用the only修饰时，只能用that引导限制性定语从句。故选B。
2．The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.
A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在树下看书的那个女孩是我妹妹。
考查定语从句和be动词。which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词“The girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who来引导从句，排除A和B；第二空，根据“is reading under the tree”可知，句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时，主语“The girl”为第三人称单数，谓语be动词用is，排除D。故选C。
3．Hemingway（海明威）is the only one of the most famous writers with many wonderful works ________ born in America.
A．that were B．who was C．who were
【答案】B
【详解】句意：海明威是唯一一位在美国出生的有着许多精彩作品的著名作家。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，先行词指人，且先行词被the only修饰，谓语应用单数was。故选B。
4．Mr. Lang is a great Chinese pianist ________ become popular with many people around the world.
A．who have B．who has C．whom has D．that have
【答案】B
【详解】句意：郎先生是一位伟大的并深受世界人民欢迎的中国钢琴家。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处使用定语从句，先行词是“ a pianist”，引导词可使用“who或that，又因为先行词是第三人称单数，助动词应使用has。故选B。
5．He is one of my friends who ________ working hard.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他是我的一个努力工作的朋友。
考查主谓一致。“one of+名词复数”后如果有定语从句修饰，那么定语从句的谓语动词用复数；结合句子可知是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选C。
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·山东·三模）—Do you know ________ will direct the new movie
—Cohen, ________ short films won awards, was chosen to direct the movie.
A．whom; whose B．who; whose C．whose; who D．whom; who
【答案】B
【详解】考查宾语从句，定语从句。句意：——你知道谁将导演这部新电影吗 ——科恩的短片曾获奖，他被选为这部电影的导演。分析第一句中位于动词know之后，因此需要填入，所以需要填入宾语从句的引导词，此处 指的是“导演电影”，所以是指人，且在从句中作主语，所以用who。第二空为定语从句的关系词，且在从句中作定语，所以用whose。故选B。
2．（2024·天津南开·二模）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，让他的员工在其中享受工作。根据句意及主句谓语动词is和空后谓语动词enjoy可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere“氛围”，先行词表地点或环境，空处表工作的环境或氛围，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故选A。
3．（2024·天津·二模）After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants.
A．what B．that C．whose D．which
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：开车十小时后，我们来到了一所温室，透过它的玻璃墙我们看到了许多绿色的植物。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是house，关与空格后的glass wall是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，故选C。
4．（2024·天津和平·二模）Our defeat, _______ some players blame themselves, was caused by bad luck.
A．for what B．for which C．to whom D．on which
【答案】B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的失败是运气不好造成的，一些球员为此自责。分析句子可知，这里考查blame sb for sth表“为某事责怪某人”，为固定搭配，且这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Our defeat，作介词for后面宾语，所以应用关系代词which。故选B项。
5．（2024·天津河西·二模）John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him.
A．where B．why C．that D．which
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰是如此自私，以至于他达到了一个我们团队里没有人想和他说话的地步。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词point，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选A项。
6．（2024·天津河东·二模）Recent accidents, ________ fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog.
A．as B．which C．whose D．where
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近的事故中有50人丧生，主要是由于大雾造成的。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词accidents“事故”在从句中作地点状语成分。故选D项。
7．（2024·天津·二模）The masterpiece in the exhibition absolutely showed us a vivid scene __________ our ancestors went hunting and resisted the wild beast.
A．when B．why C．which D．where
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这次展出的这幅杰作向我们生动地展示了我们的祖先去狩猎和抵抗野兽的情景。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为scene，为抽象地点名词，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，应用关系副词where引导，作地点状语。故选D。
8．（2024·天津·二模）There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters.
A．when B．which C．where D．of which
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：电影中有数百个这样的场景，其中瓢泼大雨映射出了角色们的悲伤情绪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词为scenes，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。
9．（2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced.
A．how B．that C．which D．where
【答案】B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正是你将肢体语言运用到演讲中的方式，在很大程度上决定了听众是否参与并信服。由句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the way，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作状语，关系词可用that、in which或省略。故选B项。
10．（2024·天津河西·三模）After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be.
A．that B．where
C．what D．how
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业回到家乡后，珍妮发现它不再是以前的那个村庄了。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，village是先行词，从句中缺少表语，因此使用关系代词that引导定语从句，故选A项。
11．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into.
A．where B．why C．when D．which
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：真正的平等和卓越的教育是我们应该努力追求并进一步深入了解的时代课题。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词issues。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故选D。
12．（2024·天津南开·一模）Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply.
A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：憎恨和愤怒只会发生在我们深切关心的人身上。care for“关心”。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作for的宾语，应用介词for+whom引导。故选C。
13．（2024·天津·一模）I admire my English teacher greatly as he always tries his best to create an atmosphere ______ students’ interest can be actively aroused.
A．where B．that C．which D．when
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常钦佩我的英语老师，因为他总是尽力营造一种可以积极激发学生兴趣的氛围。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选A。
14．（2024·天津和平·一模）I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it.
A．which B．that C．where D．what
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我知道我把护照放在了一个我认为安全的地方，但现在我记不起来了。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。
15．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The president stood by a window inside the room, ______, looking over the square.
A．where I entered B．into which I entered
C．which I entered D．that I entered
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我走进去时，总统站在房间的一扇窗旁，俯瞰着广场。分析句子可知，空处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是room，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导，动词enter是及物动词，后接宾语时无需加介词into，故选C。
16．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The engineers made two big plans for the dam, ______ was never put in force.
A．one of them B．which
C．one of which D．every one of which
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：工程师们为大坝制定了两个大计划，其中一个从未付诸实施。分析句子可知，句中无连词，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，排除A项，先行词是“plans”，从句中的“was”表明从句主语表示单数意义，排除B项，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用one of which引导，every用于三者及三者以上，排除D项。故选C。
17．（2023·天津和平·二模）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．of whom B．about which C．from which D．by whom
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：威廉·海斯蒂曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子可知，空处及之后的句子为定语从句，先行词为mistakes，句子表示“我们可以从错误中吸取教训，而不是重蹈覆辙”，所以空处用“from which”，故选C。
18．（2022·山东·二模）Every student likes the woman teacher ______ temper is very gentle.
A．whose B．who C．that D．whom
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每个学生都喜欢那个脾气很温和的女老师。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是teacher，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用whose引导定语从句。故选A。
19．（2020·江苏南通·二模）An interviewee should be good at grasping every opportunity _____he is supposed to show his best self to others.
A．when B．where C．that D．which
【答案】B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个应聘者应该抓住每一个向别人展示最好自己的机会。先行词opportunity在从句中是抽象地点，其后所跟的定语从句往往是陈述这些活动或情况中所发生的事情，应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故选B。
20．（2013·重庆·一模）______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for _______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.
A．As; whom B．What; whose
C．It; whose D．What; whom
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：令我们吃惊的是汤姆对于他来说以前的英语是很烦人的，而现在他的英语讲地如此流利好像他是在说本民族的语言的人。第一空缺少主语从句的主语，故填what。第二空是作介词的宾语，先行词是Tom，故用whom。故选D。
二、翻译
21．（2024·上海·模拟预测）我们历时三年时间，开发了一款体育器材，既强身健体，又促进心理健康。(commit)
【答案】We have committed three years to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being.
【详解】考查定语从句。表示“我们”应用代词we作主句的主语；表示“历时”应用动词commit，根据句意应用现在完成时have committed，作主句的谓语；表示“三年时间”应用three years，作主句的宾语；表示“开发了一款体育器材”应用不定式短语 to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment，作状语；表示“既强身健体，又促进心理健康”应用定语从句that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being修饰先行词equipment，其中关系代词that在从句中作主语指代先行词equipment，表示“强身健体，又促进心理健康”应用动词短语strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being，作并列的谓语和宾语。故翻译为：We have committed three years to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being.
22．（2024·上海金山·二模）值得一提的是，这个城市的权力部门迅速而有效地解决游客的投诉，这被认为是成功的危机管理。(address)
【答案】It is worth mentioning that the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints, which is regarded/considered/seen as successful crisis management.
【详解】考查动词。“值得一提的是”可以用句型“It is worth mentioning that…”，It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。“这个城市的权利部门”可以翻译为“the city authorities”，该名词短语在句中作that从句中的主语。“解决”用动词“address”，该动词在从句中作谓语动词。that从句描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。“迅速而有效地”可以翻译为“quickly and effectively”，两个并列副词修饰谓语动词。“游客的投诉”可以翻译为“tourists’ complaints”，该名词短语作address的宾语。后面接which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰“the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints”整个句子。“被认为是……”可用动词短语“be regarded/considered/seen as…”，该短语在定语从句中作谓语动词。该从句中是对一般事实的描述，所以用一般现在时态。which指代整个句子，在从句中做主语，所以be动词用is。“成功的危机管理”可以翻译为“successful crisis management”。故翻译为It is worth mentioning that the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints, which is regarded/considered/seen as successful crisis management.
23．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）受到优秀运动员们为梦想和荣誉全力以赴的可贵精神的影响，很多年轻人喜欢上了看乒乓球比赛，并开始学习打乒乓。(fond)
【答案】Influenced by the valuable spirit of outstanding athletes who give their all for dreams and honor, many young people have grown fond of watching table tennis matches and have started to learn to play it.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。表示“受到影响”应用过去分词短语influenced by，作状语；表示“可贵精神”短语为the valuable spirit，与“优秀运动员们”outstanding athletes为所属古关系，后跟who引导定语从句，表示“为梦想和荣誉全力以赴”短语为give their all for dreams and honor，为一般现在时；主语为many young people；表示“喜欢上”用grow fond of doing sth.；表示“看乒乓球比赛”应用动名词短语watching table tennis matches；表示“开始学习打乒乓”翻译为start to learn to play it，为现在完成时。故翻译为Influenced by the valuable spirit of outstanding athletes who give their all for dreams and honor, many young people have grown fond of watching table tennis matches and have started to learn to play it.
24．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车，其创新设计颇受年轻消费者的青睐。（transition）
【答案】Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles, whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers.
【详解】考查动词、名词、短语和定语从句。“农村地区”为“rural areas”，“逐步”为“gradually”，“过渡到”为“transition to”，“节能型电动汽车”为“energy-saving electric vehicles”，“创新设计”为“innovative designs”，“受某人青睐”为“gain favor among sb”，“年轻消费者”为“young consumers”，“节能型电动汽车”和“创新设计”为所属关系，则使用whose引导的定语从句，“农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车”使用现在进行时，为“Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles.”，定语从句部分为“whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers”，故翻译为Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles, whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers.
25．（2024·上海金山·一模）这个国家不顾人民的安危将废水排入大海，这个行为受到了当地渔民和邻国人民的强烈抗议。(which)
【答案】This country ignored the safety of people dumping wastewater into the sea, which sparked strong protest from local fishermen and people in neighbouring countries.
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和非谓语。表示“这个国家”应用this country；表示“忽视”应用ignore；表示“人们的安危”应用the safety of people；表示“将废水排入大海”应用dump wastewater into the sea，dump和this country为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语；表示“受到了强烈抗议”应用spark strong protest；表示“来自当地渔民和邻国人民”应用from local fishmen and people in neighbouring countries；句子陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，ignore和spark的过去式分别是ignored和sparked；“这个行为受到了当地渔民和邻国人民的强烈抗议”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故翻译成：This country ignored the safety of people dumping wastewater into the sea, which sparked strong protest from local fishermen and people in neighbouring countries。
26．（2024·上海金山·一模）凡今天购买这款手机的顾客可享七折优惠。(discount)
【答案】Customers who purchase this mobile phone today can enjoy a 30% discount.
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。主语为复数名词customers，后跟who引导的定语从句，表示“今天购买这款手机”翻译为purchase this mobile phone today；表示“可享七折优惠”翻译为can enjoy a 30% discount。为一般现在时。故翻译为Customers who purchase this mobile phone today can enjoy a 30% discount.
27．（2024·上海长宁·一模）中美领导人在旧金山会晤，意义非凡，吸引了世界的关注，推动了中美关系的发展。(importance)
【答案】The meeting between Chinese and American presidents/leaders in San Francisco was of significant importance, which attracted the worldwide attention and promoted the Sino-US relation./The meeting between Chinese and American presidents/leaders in San Francisco was of significant importance, attracting the worldwide attention and promoting the Sino-US relation.
【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、定语从句和非谓语动词。“中美领导人在旧金山会晤”是主语，使用名词短语the meeting between Chinese and American presidents/leaders in San Francisco，为单数，“意义非凡”为系表结构，用be of significant importance，此处是过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去式，be动词用was，“吸引了世界的关注，推动了中美关系的发展”可用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的句子进行补充说明，which在从句中作主语，“吸引了世界的关注”可用动词短语attracted the worldwide attention，“推动了中美关系的发展”可用动词短语promoted the Sino-US relation，或用现在分词形式作结果状语，动词attract和promote用现在分词形式。故译为：The meeting between Chinese and American presidents/leaders in San Francisco was of significant importance, which attracted the worldwide attention and promoted the Sino-US relation.
28．（2024·上海闵行·一模）她梦想记录祖国的壮丽风景, 这激励她去探索自然中尚未被发现的角落，并通过摄影来保留那份美丽。(which)
【答案】She dreams of capturing the magnificent landscapes of her homeland, which motivates her to explore the untouched corners of nature and preserve its beauty through (with) her photography.
【详解】考查动词短语、形容词、名词以及定语从句。表示“梦想做某事”应用动词短语dream of doing sth；表示“记录”应用动词capture；表示“壮丽”应用形容词magnificent；表示“激励”应用动词motivate；表示“探索”应用动词explore；表示“摄影”应用名词photography。分析句子可知，表示“这……”应用which引导非限定性定语从句。故翻译为：She dreams of capturing the magnificent landscapes of her homeland, which motivates her to explore the untouched corners of nature and preserve its beauty through (with) her photography.
29．（23-24高三上·上海青浦·期末）我们都没有想到，那个曾经腼腆的男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁。 (It)
【答案】It never occurred to us that the boy who used to be/was shy should win the first prize in the speech contest.
【详解】考查时态、固定句型、定语从句。it occurs to sb that “（某人）想到……”为固定句型，结合句意“我们都没有想到”可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故用It never occurred to us that，其中It为形式主语，that引导主语从句。主语从句中，表示“那个男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁”用the boy should win the first prize in the speech contest。表示“曾经腼腆的”用定语从句who used to be/was shy，先行词是the boy，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。故翻译为It never occurred to us that the boy who used to be/was shy should win the first prize in the speech contest.
30．（21-22高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位忧心忡忡的母亲直到成功为她一周没吃过蔬菜的儿子在送餐应用上抢到了2公斤 卷心菜，才感到如释重负。(Not until …)
【答案】Not until this anxious/worried/concerned mother succeeded in ordering two kilograms of cabbage on the food-delivery app for her son, who hadn’t eaten vegetables for a week, did she feel relieved.
【详解】考查短语、时态、定语从句和倒装。not until直到……才……，位于句首，主句要部分倒装。 succeeded in doing sth.成功做某事； two kilograms of 两公斤； on the food-delivery app 在送餐应用上；for a week(持续)一星期。句中先行词为her son，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Not until this anxious/worried/concerned mother succeeded in ordering two kilograms of cabbage on the food-delivery app for her son, who hadn’t eaten vegetables for a week, did she feel relieved.
试卷第1页，共3页定语从句（讲义）
目录
一 关系词的用法
二 　that、 which只能用其中一个的情况
三 关系副词引导的定语从句
四 ＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句
五 as，which引导的定语从句
六 非限制性定语从句
七 定语从句中的主谓一致
八 定语从句易错题解析
九 高考模拟试题
概念：在复合句中修饰或限定先行词的句子称作定语从句。
关系词的用法
关系词 被修饰的先行词 关系词在从句 中充当的成分
who 指人的词 主语、宾语
whom 指人的词 宾语
whose 指人或物的词 定语
that 指人或物的词 主语、宾语、表语
which 指物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语
as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语
例句
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。
I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.
我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
He will tell you everything that he heard about it.
他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。
This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.
这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
There are occasions when (＝on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (＝in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (＝for which) he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
　that、 which只能用其中一个的情况
1. 只能用that，不能用which作先行词的情况
（1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。
All the people that come from the country work much harder.
所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
（2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用that， 不用which.如：
The first English novel that I read was Cities.
我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
（3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which.如：
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
（4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which.如：
　He is no longer the star that he was.
他不再是过去的那位明星了。
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
（5） 句中其他位置已出现which， 为避免重复， 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如：
Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超过我们的是哪辆车？
2. 只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况
（1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如：
The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如：
This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
（2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：
Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.
学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.
书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。
2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting
这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？
3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.
媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。
＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句
介词的选用
1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)
as，which引导的定语从句
1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为＂正如，正像＂，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。
As everybody knows，China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
2.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末，意为＂这，这一点＂。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese people’s long－held dreams come true.
莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。
3.as常用在下列习惯用语中。
(it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。
He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case.
他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。
4.＂such/so ...as ...＂表＂像……这样……＂的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. 上学期数学老师出了一道很难的考试题，没有一个人能解出来。
5.＂the same...that...＂表同一个人或物，而＂the same...as...＂表同种类的东西。
I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.
我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。
I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.
我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。
非限制性定语从句
非限定性定语从句在句子中是一个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次，大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。
类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开
关系词 所有的关系代词和关系副词；作宾语时可省略 除that以外的关系代词和关系副词；关系词不能省略
先行词 主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词 主句中的某一个词，也可以是整个句子
意义 对先行词进行限制、说明，是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可省去 对修饰的词或句子作进一步的说明，省去之后主句意思依然完整
翻译 译成＂……的＂，作先行词的定语 常译成并列分句
定语从句中的主谓一致
1.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.
给我的那台录音机是国产的。
2.＂one of ＋复数名词＂位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the，the only，the very 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
定语从句易错题解析
关系代词的选用
1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：
　　　 The person who broke the window must pay for it. 打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
　　　 The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。
2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。如：
　　　 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？
3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。如：
　　　 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。
4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。如：
　　　 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：
　　　 I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news. 我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。
6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。如：
　　　 I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。
　　　 He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 就在我离开那天他到得北京。
7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。如：
　　　 This is the house where we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
典例分析
1．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
2．The woman astronaut ________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang.
A．which B．whose C．who D．whom
3．Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A．that B．those C．which D．/
4．If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved.
A．who B．that C．whom
5．— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer
— The ones ________ have a happy ending.
A．that B．who C．those D．whom
只使用 which，不能用that的情况
　（1）在非限制性定语从句中。如：
　　　　I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted. 我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。
　 　(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如：
　　　　The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。
　 　(3) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。如：
　 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。
典例分析
1．We stopped for something of great use, ________ we shouldn’t be lost in.
A．who B．that C．which D．what
2．Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan
A．where B．which C．who D．whose
3．He seems not to have grasped ________ I meant, ________ greatly upsets me.
A．what; who B．that; that C．what; which D．how; which
4．Beijing, __________ is the capital of China, is a city with a long history.
A．that B．where C．when D．which
5．He was very rude to the customs officer, ________ of course made things even worse.
A．who B．whom C．what D．which
只能用that,不用which 的情况
　(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。如：
All that he said is true. 所有他说的都是真的。
　(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。如：
This is the only book that the old woman is interested in. 这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。如：
It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。
　(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如：
如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的书。
　(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。如：
He talked about the people and the things that he remembered. 他谈论他记起得的人和事。
典例分析
1．I like the farm ________ I visited last week.
A．where B．that C．who D．whom
2．When I have difficulty in learning English, my teacher Miss Chen always gives me some advice ________ can be useful.
A．that B．what C．who D．whose
3．The earth is the planet ________ provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it.
A．whose B．who C．what D．that
4．—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A．that B．who C．what D．who
5．The app “MAYI” encourages people to give away the clothes ________ they don’t need to the poor.
A．what B．whom C．who D．that
定语从句中的主谓一致易错情况
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。
He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。
典例分析
1．In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A．who B．that C．whom D．what
2．The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.
A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was
3．Hemingway（海明威）is the only one of the most famous writers with many wonderful works ________ born in America.
A．that were B．who was C．who were
4．Mr. Lang is a great Chinese pianist ________ become popular with many people around the world.
A．who have B．who has C．whom has D．that have
5．He is one of my friends who ________ working hard.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·山东·三模）—Do you know ________ will direct the new movie
—Cohen, ________ short films won awards, was chosen to direct the movie.
A．whom; whose B．who; whose C．whose; who D．whom; who
2．（2024·天津南开·二模）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
3．（2024·天津·二模）After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants.
A．what B．that C．whose D．which
4．（2024·天津和平·二模）Our defeat, _______ some players blame themselves, was caused by bad luck.
A．for what B．for which C．to whom D．on which
5．（2024·天津河西·二模）John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him.
A．where B．why C．that D．which
6．（2024·天津河东·二模）Recent accidents, ________ fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog.
A．as B．which C．whose D．where
7．（2024·天津·二模）The masterpiece in the exhibition absolutely showed us a vivid scene __________ our ancestors went hunting and resisted the wild beast.
A．when B．why C．which D．where
8．（2024·天津·二模）There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters.
A．when B．which C．where D．of which
9．（2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced.
A．how B．that C．which D．where
10．（2024·天津河西·三模）After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be.
A．that B．where
C．what D．how
11．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into.
A．where B．why C．when D．which
12．（2024·天津南开·一模）Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply.
A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom
13．（2024·天津·一模）I admire my English teacher greatly as he always tries his best to create an atmosphere ______ students’ interest can be actively aroused.
A．where B．that C．which D．when
14．（2024·天津和平·一模）I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it.
A．which B．that C．where D．what
15．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The president stood by a window inside the room, ______, looking over the square.
A．where I entered B．into which I entered
C．which I entered D．that I entered
16．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The engineers made two big plans for the dam, ______ was never put in force.
A．one of them B．which
C．one of which D．every one of which
17．（2023·天津和平·二模）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．of whom B．about which C．from which D．by whom
18．（2022·山东·二模）Every student likes the woman teacher ______ temper is very gentle.
A．whose B．who C．that D．whom
19．（2020·江苏南通·二模）An interviewee should be good at grasping every opportunity _____he is supposed to show his best self to others.
A．when B．where C．that D．which
20．（2013·重庆·一模）______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for _______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.
A．As; whom B．What; whose
C．It; whose D．What; whom
二、翻译
21．（2024·上海·模拟预测）我们历时三年时间，开发了一款体育器材，既强身健体，又促进心理健康。(commit)
22．（2024·上海金山·二模）值得一提的是，这个城市的权力部门迅速而有效地解决游客的投诉，这被认为是成功的危机管理。(address)
23．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）受到优秀运动员们为梦想和荣誉全力以赴的可贵精神的影响，很多年轻人喜欢上了看乒乓球比赛，并开始学习打乒乓。(fond)
24．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车，其创新设计颇受年轻消费者的青睐。（transition）
25．（2024·上海金山·一模）这个国家不顾人民的安危将废水排入大海，这个行为受到了当地渔民和邻国人民的强烈抗议。(which)
26．（2024·上海金山·一模）凡今天购买这款手机的顾客可享七折优惠。(discount)
27．（2024·上海长宁·一模）中美领导人在旧金山会晤，意义非凡，吸引了世界的关注，推动了中美关系的发展。(importance)
28．（2024·上海闵行·一模）她梦想记录祖国的壮丽风景, 这激励她去探索自然中尚未被发现的角落，并通过摄影来保留那份美丽。(which)
29．（23-24高三上·上海青浦·期末）我们都没有想到，那个曾经腼腆的男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁。 (It)
30．（21-22高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位忧心忡忡的母亲直到成功为她一周没吃过蔬菜的儿子在送餐应用上抢到了2公斤 卷心菜，才感到如释重负。(Not until …)
试卷第1页，共3页名词性从句（讲义）
目录
一 主语从句
二 宾语从句
三 表语从句
四 同位语从句
五 名词性从句易错题剖析
六 高考模拟试题
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：
1. It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
2. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
3. It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）
4. It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）
用it作形式主语的结构
1. It is+名词+从句
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is an honor that… 非常荣幸……
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
2. It is+形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
3. It is+不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that… 似乎……
It happened (to sb.) that… 碰巧……
4. It+过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道……
It has been proved that… 已证实……
It is said that… 据说……
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
1. if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
2. It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It is said that our headmaster will go to New York next week.
错误表达：That our headmaster will go to New York next week is said.
3. It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. x-kw
4. It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
5. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely
what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
what引导主语从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不充当任何成分。
例如：
1. What you said yesterday is right.
2. That she is still alive is a consolation(安慰).
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
作动词的宾语
1. 由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）。
例如：
I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
2. 由what，whether (if) 引导的宾语从句。
例如：
She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
I wonder whether you can help me with my English. 我想知道你是否能帮我学习英语。
3. 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我说她会接受我的邀请。
作介词的宾语
例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
作形容词的宾语
例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。
it可以作为形式宾语
it不仅可以作形式主语，还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。
例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个月就会结婚了。
后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：
正确表达：I admire their winning the match.
错误表达：I admire that they won the match.
否定转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有The reason is that…和It is because…等结构。
例如：
1. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2. This is why we can’t get the support of the people. xk/w
3. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。
例如：
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1. 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2. 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例如：
(1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
（第一个that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
(2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
（that引导同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
名词性从句易错题剖析
易错陷阱1：主语从句连接词what/that/whether/if易混易错点
【分析】 1.that引导主语从句时，无词义，只起连接作用，一般不能省略。what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
whether引导的主语从句可放在句首，if引导主语从句在句尾，且用it作形式主语。
It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。
What引导主语从句时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，若表语是复数，则谓语用复数。
易错陷阱2：宾语从句引导词及介词后接宾语从句易混易错点
【分析】1.doubt用于肯定句时，宾语从句用whether，doubt用于否定句时，宾语从句用that引导。
介词后跟宾语从句时只能用wh-类连接词引导；如：I’m surprised at what he said.
介词后如果跟that从句，要先加it作形式宾语，再加that从句。
如：depend on it that...; rely on it that...; see to it that...等。
宾语从句的时态：主句是现在时或将来时，从句用句意的各种时态。主句是过去时， 从句用相应的过去时态。 从句表示客观事实或真理，从句都用现在时。
易错陷阱3：表语从句引导词及三个句式易混易错点
【分析】1. as if/as though 引导时，从句可用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。
That is why+结果，表示“那就是.....的原因”。
That is because+原因，表示“那是因为......”。
The reason why/for... is that ..., 表示“......的原因是......”。
易错陷阱4：同位语从句与定语从句易混易错点
【分析】that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作句子成分；that引导定语从句时，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。同位语经常修饰的名词有：fact, idea, news, promise, information, message, belief, opinion, possibility, thought, wish, truth, question, problem, reply, answer, report, suggestion, advice, order, warning等。
主语从句引导词what/that/whether/if易混易错点
【例1】 Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US govt. and now able to produce their own 5G phones, a great victory! does not kill you will make you stronger!
易错分析：谓语动词判断错误容易易引起句子结构的误判，两个动词时需先判断主句谓语动词。
【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：杀不死你的，会让你更强大！引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的东西”应用what。故填what。
__________ people in western countries think we Muslim women are oppressed and controlled by men is wrong.
易错分析：长难句结构分析失误，主句谓语动词容易找错。
【答案】That
【解析】考查主语从句。这是一个复合句。主句谓语动词是is。句意：西方国家的人认为我们穆斯林妇女被男性所压迫是错误的。主语是一个主语从句，且在主语从句中谓语动词think后又跟了一个宾语从句we Muslim women are oppressed and controlled by men。主语从句中并不缺少句子成分，故用That。
It is possible _________ caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
易错分析：对形式主语it的用法掌握不牢。
【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，真正的主语是设空处所引导的从句，且该空在从句中不作任何成分，故填that。句意：咖啡因也可能导致人类的先天缺陷。
For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. ___________ is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：特别的是，她能毫无口音地背出来。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，“什么”的意思，用连词what，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
宾语从句引导词及介词后跟宾语从句易混易错点
【例2】 These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ___________ carried her through a life of hard choices.
易错分析：本题因为句子成分判断错误引起句意理解不当，从而影响并列连词and之后的句子成分和句意。
【答案】 what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：她的这些话让我们看到了这位了不起的女人的内心，以及是什么让她度过了艰难的人生选择。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词into的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh themselves and compare their weight to ___________ it was at the Start of Summer.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在立秋的第一天，人们通常会称自己的体重，并与立夏时的体重进行比较。句子分析可知，“___________it was at the Start of Summer”为名词性从句作介词to的宾语，设空处引导名词性从句，在句中作表语，表示“立夏时的体重”，此宾语从句用连接代词what引导。故填what。
Many love to find out ___________ the pictures were originally taken.
易错分析：只关注句子成分而忽略句意则容易误填that。句法和句意结合是解题必不可少的。
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：许多人喜欢找出这些照片最初是在哪里拍摄的。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文需要表示地点的连词，所以用where。故填where。
Phrases like “replace weapons of war with gifts of jade and silk” and “gentle as jade” perfectly show___________jade symbolizes in the minds of Chinese people.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：“化干戈为玉帛”、“温柔如玉”等短语，完美地展现了玉在中国人心目中的象征。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
表语从句引导词及三个句式易混易错点
【例3】This is___________they need an English trainer.
易错分析：表语从句三大易混句式掌握不牢，且句意理解不清。
【答案】 why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are ___________we’re here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, legally, for their valuable fur.
易错分析：表语从句中往往涉及长句，则句子结构分析和句意都不可忽视。
【答案】why
【解析】考查表语从句连接词。句意：清新稀薄的空气，白雪覆盖的山脉和优雅的动物在平原上奔跑，这就是我们来到这里的原因——观察藏羚羊，它们被非法猎杀，以获取宝贵的皮毛。根据谓语动词“are”可知，空处引导表语从句，在句中作状语；根据句意，应用连接副词why，表示“我们为什么来到这里”。故填why。
It has rich cultural tourism resources as it is___________ Mount Tai rises, the Yellow River flows into the sea, and Confucius was born.
【答案】where
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这里是泰山的所在地、黄河入海口、孔子诞生地，文化旅游资源丰富。分析句子，设空处引导的是表语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在山东省这里”用where。故填where。
In my case this is___________ happened—my parents turned in to me and my needs and the shyness all but disappeared completely over time.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：就我而言，事情就是这样：我的父母向我求助，随着时间的推移，我的需求和害羞几乎完全消失了。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，空白处在表语从句中做主语，表示内容，使用what连接表语从句，故填what。
同位语从句与定语从句易混易错点
【例4】Therefore our findings raise an exciting possibility___________ we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.”
易错分析：同位语从句经常修饰的名词记忆不牢，而且句子较长容易引起句意理解错误。
【答案】that
【解析】考查连接词。句意：因此，我们的发现提出了一种令人兴奋的可能性，即我们可以通过培养乐观等积极态度来促进健康和幸福。本句为同位语从句修饰possibility，且从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。故填that。
Despite the fact ___________ a skywell’s size and design vary from region to region, it is almost always rectangular (长方形) and located in the core of a house.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：尽管天井的尺寸和设计因地区而异，但它几乎总是矩形的，位于房屋的核心。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导同位语从句，对前面的名词fact进行解释和说明，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
My question ___________ I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
易错分析：同位语从句引导词不仅用that，还可用其他连词如，whether, who, what, when, where等。
【答案】how
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：我如何与他保持联系的问题还没有得到答复。分析句子结构，可知question后从句为同位语从句，根据从句结构及被修饰词question可知应使用连接副词。由句意可知填how，表示方式。
Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea___________he wanted to race against the sun to see who ran faster!
【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：看到日出和日落，夸父突然有了一个主意，他想和太阳赛跑，看谁跑得更快！idea后面接同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，应用that。故填that。
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects accomplished such impressive design and construction.
A．that B．what C．which D．how
【答案】D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：游览紫禁城时，我对中国古代建筑师如何完成如此令人印象深刻的设计和建造感到惊讶。分析句子可知，介词by后接一个宾语从句，空白处在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，故应用how引导该宾语从句。故选D项。
2．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it.
A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个古代花瓶非常特别，我会尽我所能来修复它。do后接宾语从句，从句中can后省略了动词do，设空处需填宾语从句引导词，且在从句中作宾语表示内容，whatever“任何一切”符合题意。故选C。
3．（2024·山东·三模）______ I have got a full mark is good news for me.
A．As B．If C．Whether D．That
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我得了满分这个消息对我来说是个好消息。空处引导主语从句。主语从句中不缺成分，句意完整，所以用that引导该从句。故选D。
4．（2024·山东·三模）He spends a lot of time on Tik Tok. That’s ______ his sight get worse and worse.
A．because B．why C．how D．what
【答案】B
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他在Tik Tok上花费了很多时间。这就是为什么他的视力越来越差的原因。空处需要引导表语从句。根据“He spends a lot of time on Tik Tok.”可知，表语从句需要连接副词why引导，表示“这就是为什么视力越来越差的原因”。而because引导表语从句时表示原因，how引导表语从句时表示方式，what引导表语从句时在从句中作主语或宾语等，所以A，C，D均不正确。故选B。
5．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about Understanding its theme is the most important thing.
A．that B．when C．how D．what
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你难道没有想到这首英文诗是关于什么的吗？理解它的主题是最重要的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里it是形式主语，空格处引导的从句是真正的主语成分，从句缺少介词about的宾语，上下文需要“什么”的意思，用连词what引导。故选D。
6．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile.
A．what B．that C．which D．how
【答案】A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在与他人交流时，我认为最有效的是微笑。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，结合句子结构可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语成分，意为“最有效的事情”。故选A项。
7．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory.
A．that B．what C．how D．whether
【答案】D
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：这位科学家正在研究睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系。A. that(无意义)；B. what什么，……的事；C. how如何，怎样；D. whether是否。根据后文there is a relationship between sleep and memory可知，此处表示“有关睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系的研究”，用whether引导。故选D。
8．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu.
A．that B．which C．what D．when
【答案】A
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我从王先生那里得知一个消息，他被邀请参加在成都举行的2023年世界智能制造大会。分析句子结构可知，“______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu”是同位语从句，解释说明message的内容，且从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导，that在同位语从句中不作成分，无词义，只起引导作用，且不可省略。故选A项。
9．（2024·天津·一模）It remains to be seen __________ the traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation after they are released.
A．whether B．which C．that D．what
【答案】A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：交通法规发布后是否能适应实际情况还有待观察。A. whether是否；B. which哪个；C. that那个；D. what什么。分析句子可知，It作形式主语，真正主语是后面的句子，空格处为主语从句连接词，从句不缺成分，缺“是否”含义，A项whether符合句意。故选A项。
10．（2024·天津武清·一模）If you spend equal time studying each subject, the chances are ______ you may fail in the exam.
A．how B．what C．when D．that
【答案】D
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：如果你花同样的时间学习每门科目，你可能会在考试中不及格。are是系动词，“you may fail in the exam”是表语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导，故选D。
11．（2024·天津和平·三模）How long do you think ______ the conflict between Russia and Ukraine comes to an end
A．it will be since B．will it be until C．it will be before D．will-it be when
【答案】C
【详解】考查插入语及固定句式的用法。句意：你认为俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的冲突要多久才能结束？do you think是插入语，它用疑问句的形式，后面应该用陈述语气，故排除BD；这里固定句式it will be +some time before +…表示“还要过多久才能……”。故选C。
12．（2024·天津北辰·三模）______ counts now is not to blame anyone but to make a united effort to solve the problem.
A．How B．What C．That D．Which
【答案】B
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：现在重要的不是责怪任何人，而是团结一致解决问题。分析句子结构可知，该空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代事物，用连接代词What。故选B项。
13．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The question is ________ the film is worth seeing.
A．where B．that C．whether D．what
【答案】C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是这部电影是否值得一看。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，从句缺少“是否”含义，应用whether引导。故选C。
14．（2024·天津河东·一模）With the high-quality development, Tianjin has taken a new look. It isn’t ______it used to be.
A．what B．how C．that D．which
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：随着高质量的发展，天津面貌一新。它不是以前的样子了。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句缺少表语成分，描述事物，用连接代词what引导从句。故选A项。
15．（2024·天津和平·一模）Can you fill me ______ has happened
A．in on what B．in that C．with which D．on what
【答案】A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你能告诉我发生了什么吗？fill sb. in on sth.为固定短语，表示“告诉某人某事件的细节”，设空处应用连接代词what (什么)引导的宾语从句，在从句中作主语，故选A项。
16．（23-24高三下·天津·一模）Dr. Hart says ______ he really admires is the way ______ she has acknowledged good health not only makes her more beautiful, but happier too.
A．which, that B．that, what C．what, that D．that, which
【答案】C
【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：Hart博士说他真正钦佩的是，她认可健康的身体不仅使她更美丽，而且更快乐。分析句子可知，第一空引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词替代先行词在从句中作状语，用关系代词that引导，是固定用法。故选C。
17．（23-24·上海·三模）It was widely confirmed by scientists that that was exactly ________ global greenhouse gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible.
A．why B．how C．when D．whether
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：科学家们普遍认为，这正是需要尽快解决全球温室气体排放问题的原因。A. why为什么，……的原因；B. how如何，怎样；C. when什么时候；D. whether是否。句子分析可知，“________ global greenhouse gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible”在that引导的主语从句中作表语，设空处在表语从句中作状语，根据句中“It was widely confirmed by scientists”以及空后“global greenhouse gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible”可知设空处表示“……的原因”用连接副词why。故选A。
18．（23-24·广东广州·三模）The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that C．which D．why
【答案】B
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：经理建议我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。分析句子可知，空处引导同位语从句，补充说明suggestion的内容，从句中结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故选B。
19．（2024·山东·一模）—__________he will want to do is nothing.
—Really It may sometimes become quite a problem.
A．That B．Whether C．How D．What
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：——他什么也不想做。——真的？有时这可能会成为一个相当大的问题。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语，意为“做的事情”。故选D项。
20．（23-24高三上·天津二模）________ is often the case, I assume, is the fact that when looking back, the bittersweet senior life is always one’s highlight in pursuit of dream.
A．As B．Which C．That D．What
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我认为，往往的情况是，当回首往事时，苦乐参半的老年生活总是人们追求梦想的亮点。分析句子结构可知，I assume是插入语，“________is often the case”是主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what引导主语从句，故选D。
二、翻译
21．（23-24高三·上海宝山·三模）不管他怎么辩解，也无法说服在场的人认同他是无辜的。(persuade)
【答案】However he tried to find an excuse for himself, he couldn’t persuade the people present to believe that he was innocent.
【详解】考查状语从句，宾语从句和动词。分析所给中文句子，“不管他怎么辩解”应该用however引导的让步状语从句，主语是“他”，译为“he”，“辩解”作谓语，可翻译为“try to find an excuse for himself”描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时，“也无法说服在场的人认同他是无辜的”作主句，主语是“他”，译为“he”，“无法说服”作谓语，根据题干要去用persuade，译为“couldn’t persuade”，“在场的人”作宾语，译为“the people present”，“认同”为不定式作宾语补足语，译为“to believe”，“他是无辜的”为that引导的宾语从句，译为“he was innocent”。故译为：However he tried to find an excuse for himself, he couldn’t persuade the people present to believe that he was innocent.
22．（23-24高三·上海宝山·二模）坦白说，你昨天在会上表达的观点还是有争议的。(controversial)
【答案】Frankly speaking, what you said at the meeting yesterday is still controversial.
【详解】考查主语从句、固定短语和时态。“坦白说”作状语，用固定短语frankly speaking，位于句首，首字母大写。主语“你昨天在会上表达的观点”用主语从句，根据“昨天”可知从句用一般过去时，故用what you said at the meeting yesterday，其中what引导主语从句，且在从句中作said的宾语。“还是有争议的”理解为“目前还是有争议的”故主句用一般现在时，故用is still controversial表示。故翻译为：Frankly speaking, what you said at the meeting yesterday is still controversial.
23．（23-24高三·上海普陀·一模）我们要关注的不是孩子们的言语，而是他们在创造性地解决问题的情况下的行动。(not...but)
【答案】What we need to focus on is not what children say, but what action they take to creatively solve problems.
【详解】考查主语从句和固定短语。此处第一个主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指事物用what；主语为we，表示“要”短语need to do sth.；表示“关注”应用focus on；表示“不是……而是……”句型为not…but…；表示“孩子们的言语”应用what children say，what引导表语从句；表示“他们在创造性地解决问题的情况下的行动”翻译为what action they take to creatively solve problems。陈述事实，时态为一般现在时。故翻译为What we need to focus on is not what children say, but what action they take to creatively solve problems.
24．（23-24高三·上海松江·二模）球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力固然重要，但场上取胜的关键在于团队合作。(matter)
【答案】Whether a player has excellent scoring ability matters, but the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork.
【详解】考查句子结构。本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。表示“球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力”用whether引导主语从句，为whether a player has excellent scoring ability，表示谓语“固然重要”用动词matter的第三人称单数形式matters；表示“场上取胜的关键在于团队合作”为the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork，主语the 可以后的to是介词，介词短语to winning on the field作后置定语，动名词winning作介词宾语，动词短语lie in“在于”是固定搭配。句首字母大写，故翻译为Whether a player has excellent scoring ability matters, but the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork。
25．（2024·上海崇明·二模）毫无疑问，这个历史小镇已成为了很多游客追捧的旅游胜地。(doubt)
【答案】There’s no doubt that the historic town has become a popular tourist attraction for many tourists.
【详解】考查固定句型、名词短语和形容词。“毫无疑问”可用固定句型there’s no doubt that…，that引导同位语从句，从句描述过去发生的行为现在产生的结果，时态应用现在完成时，主语“这个历史小镇”可用名词短语the historic town，为单数，谓语“已成为了”可用动词has become，表语“很多游客追捧的旅游胜地”可用名词短语a popular tourist attraction for many tourists，其中形容词popular作修饰tourist attraction的定语。故可译为：There’s no doubt that the historic town has become a popular tourist attraction for many tourists.
试卷第1页，共3页名词性从句（讲义）
目录
一 主语从句
二 宾语从句
三 表语从句
四 同位语从句
五 名词性从句易错题剖析
六 高考模拟试题
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：
1. It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
2. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
3. It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）
4. It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）
用it作形式主语的结构
1. It is+名词+从句
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is an honor that… 非常荣幸……
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
2. It is+形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
3. It is+不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that… 似乎……
It happened (to sb.) that… 碰巧……
4. It+过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道……
It has been proved that… 已证实……
It is said that… 据说……
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
1. if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
2. It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It is said that our headmaster will go to New York next week.
错误表达：That our headmaster will go to New York next week is said.
3. It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. x-kw
4. It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
5. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely
what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
what引导主语从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不充当任何成分。
例如：
1. What you said yesterday is right.
2. That she is still alive is a consolation(安慰).
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
作动词的宾语
1. 由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）。
例如：
I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
2. 由what，whether (if) 引导的宾语从句。
例如：
She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
I wonder whether you can help me with my English. 我想知道你是否能帮我学习英语。
3. 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我说她会接受我的邀请。
作介词的宾语
例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
作形容词的宾语
例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。
it可以作为形式宾语
it不仅可以作形式主语，还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。
例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个月就会结婚了。
后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：
正确表达：I admire their winning the match.
错误表达：I admire that they won the match.
否定转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有The reason is that…和It is because…等结构。
例如：
1. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2. This is why we can’t get the support of the people. xk/w
3. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。
例如：
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1. 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2. 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例如：
(1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
（第一个that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
(2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
（that引导同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
名词性从句易错题剖析
易错陷阱1：主语从句连接词what/that/whether/if易混易错点
【分析】 1.that引导主语从句时，无词义，只起连接作用，一般不能省略。what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
whether引导的主语从句可放在句首，if引导主语从句在句尾，且用it作形式主语。
It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。
What引导主语从句时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，若表语是复数，则谓语用复数。
易错陷阱2：宾语从句引导词及介词后接宾语从句易混易错点
【分析】1.doubt用于肯定句时，宾语从句用whether，doubt用于否定句时，宾语从句用that引导。
介词后跟宾语从句时只能用wh-类连接词引导；如：I’m surprised at what he said.
介词后如果跟that从句，要先加it作形式宾语，再加that从句。
如：depend on it that...; rely on it that...; see to it that...等。
宾语从句的时态：主句是现在时或将来时，从句用句意的各种时态。主句是过去时， 从句用相应的过去时态。 从句表示客观事实或真理，从句都用现在时。
易错陷阱3：表语从句引导词及三个句式易混易错点
【分析】1. as if/as though 引导时，从句可用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。
That is why+结果，表示“那就是.....的原因”。
That is because+原因，表示“那是因为......”。
The reason why/for... is that ..., 表示“......的原因是......”。
易错陷阱4：同位语从句与定语从句易混易错点
【分析】that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作句子成分；that引导定语从句时，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。同位语经常修饰的名词有：fact, idea, news, promise, information, message, belief, opinion, possibility, thought, wish, truth, question, problem, reply, answer, report, suggestion, advice, order, warning等。
主语从句引导词what/that/whether/if易混易错点
【例1】 Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US govt. and now able to produce their own 5G phones, a great victory! does not kill you will make you stronger!
易错分析：谓语动词判断错误容易易引起句子结构的误判，两个动词时需先判断主句谓语动词。
__________ people in western countries think we Muslim women are oppressed and controlled by men is wrong.
易错分析：长难句结构分析失误，主句谓语动词容易找错。
It is possible _________ caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
易错分析：对形式主语it的用法掌握不牢。
For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. ___________ is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent.
宾语从句引导词及介词后跟宾语从句易混易错点
【例2】 These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ___________ carried her through a life of hard choices.
易错分析：本题因为句子成分判断错误引起句意理解不当，从而影响并列连词and之后的句子成分和句意。
On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh themselves and compare their weight to ___________ it was at the Start of Summer.
Many love to find out ___________ the pictures were originally taken.
易错分析：只关注句子成分而忽略句意则容易误填that。句法和句意结合是解题必不可少的。
Phrases like “replace weapons of war with gifts of jade and silk” and “gentle as jade” perfectly show___________jade symbolizes in the minds of Chinese people.
表语从句引导词及三个句式易混易错点
【例3】This is___________they need an English trainer.
易错分析：表语从句三大易混句式掌握不牢，且句意理解不清。
The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are ___________we’re here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, legally, for their valuable fur.
易错分析：表语从句中往往涉及长句，则句子结构分析和句意都不可忽视。
It has rich cultural tourism resources as it is___________ Mount Tai rises, the Yellow River flows into the sea, and Confucius was born.
In my case this is___________ happened—my parents turned in to me and my needs and the shyness all but disappeared completely over time.
同位语从句与定语从句易混易错点
【例4】Therefore our findings raise an exciting possibility___________ we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.”
易错分析：同位语从句经常修饰的名词记忆不牢，而且句子较长容易引起句意理解错误。
Despite the fact ___________ a skywell’s size and design vary from region to region, it is almost always rectangular (长方形) and located in the core of a house.
My question ___________ I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
易错分析：同位语从句引导词不仅用that，还可用其他连词如，whether, who, what, when, where等。
Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea___________he wanted to race against the sun to see who ran faster!
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects accomplished such impressive design and construction.
A．that B．what C．which D．how
2．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it.
A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever
3．（2024·山东·三模）______ I have got a full mark is good news for me.
A．As B．If C．Whether D．That
4．（2024·山东·三模）He spends a lot of time on Tik Tok. That’s ______ his sight get worse and worse.
A．because B．why C．how D．what
5．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about Understanding its theme is the most important thing.
A．that B．when C．how D．what
6．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile.
A．what B．that C．which D．how
7．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory.
A．that B．what C．how D．whether
8．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu.
A．that B．which C．what D．when
9．（2024·天津·一模）It remains to be seen __________ the traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation after they are released.
A．whether B．which C．that D．what
10．（2024·天津武清·一模）If you spend equal time studying each subject, the chances are ______ you may fail in the exam.
A．how B．what C．when D．that
11．（2024·天津和平·三模）How long do you think ______ the conflict between Russia and Ukraine comes to an end
A．it will be since B．will it be until C．it will be before D．will-it be when
12．（2024·天津北辰·三模）______ counts now is not to blame anyone but to make a united effort to solve the problem.
A．How B．What C．That D．Which
13．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The question is ________ the film is worth seeing.
A．where B．that C．whether D．what
14．（2024·天津河东·一模）With the high-quality development, Tianjin has taken a new look. It isn’t ______it used to be.
A．what B．how C．that D．which
15．（2024·天津和平·一模）Can you fill me ______ has happened
A．in on what B．in that C．with which D．on what
16．（23-24高三下·天津·一模）Dr. Hart says ______ he really admires is the way ______ she has acknowledged good health not only makes her more beautiful, but happier too.
A．which, that B．that, what C．what, that D．that, which
17．（23-24·上海·三模）It was widely confirmed by scientists that that was exactly ________ global greenhouse gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible.
A．why B．how C．when D．whether
18．（23-24·广东广州·三模）The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that C．which D．why
19．（2024·山东·一模）—__________he will want to do is nothing.
—Really It may sometimes become quite a problem.
A．That B．Whether C．How D．What
20．（23-24高三上·天津二模）________ is often the case, I assume, is the fact that when looking back, the bittersweet senior life is always one’s highlight in pursuit of dream.
A．As B．Which C．That D．What
二、翻译
21．（23-24高三·上海宝山·三模）不管他怎么辩解，也无法说服在场的人认同他是无辜的。(persuade)
22．（23-24高三·上海宝山·二模）坦白说，你昨天在会上表达的观点还是有争议的。(controversial)
23．（23-24高三·上海普陀·一模）我们要关注的不是孩子们的言语，而是他们在创造性地解决问题的情况下的行动。(not...but)
24．（23-24高三·上海松江·二模）球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力固然重要，但场上取胜的关键在于团队合作。(matter)
25．（2024·上海崇明·二模）毫无疑问，这个历史小镇已成为了很多游客追捧的旅游胜地。(doubt)
试卷第1页，共3页状语从句（讲义）
目录
一 状语从句概念及分类
二 状语从句易错题分析
三 高考模拟试题
状语从句概念及分类
状语从句在句中相当于副词，做状语，又叫副词性从句。
状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever引导。
例如：
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
在我住的地方有很多树。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里，我都会想到你。
方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, as if, as though引导。
（1）as的用法
Will you please do the experiment as I am doing
请按我的方法做这个实验好吗？
（2）as if, as though的用法，
①引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气，常与look/seem/taste/smell/sound等词连用。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看来要下雨。
②从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻，通常用虚拟语气。
The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.
这个受伤的男子行动起来似乎什么也没有发生似的。
说明：
as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语。
例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
原因状语从句
because，as，since与for的不同用法：
相同之处：
中文都表示“因为”，均为连词。
区别：
（1）如果表示原因的状语从句语气较强，在整个句子中占重要位置，是句子的主要部分，一般用“because”。即回答why问句的提问，应用because。
— Why did they come to China 他们为什么要去中国？
— Because their father wanted to work in China. 因为他们的父母想到中国工作。
（2）如果原因不重要，或为人所知，一般用as或since。它所引导的从句常常放在句首。
As you ask, I will tell you.
你既然问我，我就告诉你。
（3）for引导的句子表示原因，语气较because弱，类似一种补充说明，一般不用它来回答why提出的问题。它引导的从句不能放在句首，而且前面一般用逗号与主句分开。
We can’t go, for it’s raining.
由于天下雨，我们不能走了。
说明：
for是并列连词。
目的状语从句
表示目的状语从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。
例如：
You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.
你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多穿点衣服，以防天冷。
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so…that或such…that引导。so...that与such…that之间可以转换。
例如：
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
(= He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.)
这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。
条件状语从句
连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.
例如：
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
(= If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk.)
如果不太累，我们去散散步。
让步状语从句
（1）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。
例如：
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
（2）as, though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
例如：
Child as though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
虽然他是个孩子，但是他知道该做什么，不该做什么。
（3）ever if, even though即使。
例如：
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。
（4）whether…or… 不管……都。
例如：
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
信不信由你，这确实是真的。
（5）“no matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”。
例如：
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (= Whatever happened, he would not mind.)
不管发生什么，他不在意。
替换：
no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
提醒：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.
囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
比较while, when, as
（1）as, when引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如：
Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
我一刹车，就有一个人向我走来。
（2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。
例如：
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
赶完活后，你可以休息一下。
（3）从句表示“随时间推移”的连词能用as，不用when 或while。
例如：
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight.
我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you.
等着我叫你。
否定句：
She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock.
她直到6点才到。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
区别：
（1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
例如：
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
（2）until when疑问句中，until要放在句首。
例如：
— Until when are you staying 你待到什么时候？
— Until next Monday. 待到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
（1）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。
例如：
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
（2）It is not until… that…
例如：
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
表示“一…就…”的结构
（1）as soon as, once, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute 引导的状语从句，常译作“一……就……”
（2）hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as也可以表示“一……就……”的意思。
在这些结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
例如：
I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
刚回家，就下起雨来了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
状语从句易错题分析
误判并列句和状语从句
The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, preserving ecological buffer zones, ________ leaving behind precious natural assests (资产) for future generations”.
【答案】 and
【易错分析】句子较长，造成逻辑意思理解困难，误以为定语从句或状语从句。
【解题思路】考查并列连词。GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性（完整性）、保护生物多样性、保护生态缓冲区、_____为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然金鞘（资产）”的指导原则。
Guide dogs offer social, physical and mental benefits for some people who are blind， training them is an expensive and long process.
【答案】 and
【易错分析】句子较长，造成逻辑意思理解困难，误以为定语从句或状语从句。
【解题思路】考查并列连词。上下文之间为转折关系。句意：导盲犬为一些盲人提供了社会，身体和心理上的好处，但是训练他们是一个昂贵而漫长的过程。
【名师点津】并列句和状语从句中的连词是语法填空题中常考点之一。连词分为并列连词和从属连词，常考的并列连词有and，but，or，so，while，when等；
状语从句的省略
Though ________(defeat) , he still felt sad.
【答案】defeated
【易错分析】为熟练掌握状语从句的省略用法。
【解题思路】though是连词应当引导让步状语从句，从句中无主语，可知考查状语从句的省略。观察defeat与he是被动关系，故填defeated。
【名师点津】在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，并且含有be动词时，可把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略。或只需考虑所给动词和主语的逻辑关系，主动用doing,被动则用done。
When ________ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
【答案】comparing
【易错分析】 为熟练掌握状语从句的省略用法, 没有仔细推断主语we和compare在本句中的逻辑主被动关系。
【解题思路】由连词when及动词可知本题考查省略句。句意：当我们比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意到差异，而没有注意到许多相似之处。主语we与compare为主动关系，故填comparing。
状语从句类别判断失误
（改错) Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol.
【答案】Whether改为If或When
【易错分析】分析长难句逻辑不清楚，单纯从语法角度看不出来，加强对句意的分析。
【解题思路】考查状语从句连接词。句意：当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的，由句意可知，该句阐述的是一个事实，需用if或when引导，位于句首，首字母大写，故将whether改为If或When。
【名师点津】引导状语从句的从属连词
1. 时间状语从句 （1）when，while，as； (2) as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once表示“一……就……”。（3）before与since；(4)every time，each time，next time，the last time，any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。
2. 条件状语从句 （1）till，until和not...until ； (2) if，unless＝if...not，so/as long as，in case，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等
3. 地点状语从句 where和wherever
4. 让步状语从句 While/Though/Although
5. 原因状语从句 because，as，since(既然)，now that，seeing that，considering that。
6. 方式状语从句 as，as if，as though
7. 结果状语从句 so...that...，such...that...。
8. 目的状语从句 （1）so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)/lest。 （1）in order that，so that
（3）for fear that，in case (that)/lest
典例分析
Wang saw the lively scene ________ she was traveling in Aksu.
【答案】when/while/as
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：王在阿克苏旅游时看到了这热闹的一幕。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when/while/as引导。故填when/while/as。
The power rationing in Jiangsu also forced factories in the key manufacturing(制造业） industry to cut or even stop their operations________ the end of the month.
【答案】填until/till
【解析】考查连词。句意：江苏的限电还迫使关键制造业的工厂减产甚至停产，直到月底。根据语境可知，句子表示“江苏的限电还迫使关键制造业的工厂减产甚至停产，直到月底”，空格处意为“直到”，是until/till，故填until/till。
3．I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing ________ they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.
【答案】As long as
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：只要他们知道我在做什么，他们就不会介意。引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”应用as long as，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As long as。
4．Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny ________ they think they are
【答案】as
【解析】考查连词。句意：是外国人不懂英式幽默，还是英国人真的不像他们自己认为的那样有趣？根据“just not so funny”和“they think they are”可知此处要用连词，短语so...as...意为“与……一样”。故填as。
5．Much ________ I like this book, I like others much better.
【答案】as/though
【解析】考查让步状语从句的倒装。句意：虽然我很喜欢这本书，但我更喜欢其他书。分析句子可知，句子为让步状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，句子为部分倒装，构成“强调对象+as/though+主语+其他部分”，故应用“as/though”引导从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。故填as/though。
6．______ the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the study of electricity.
【答案】Whatever
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管真相如何，富兰克林确实对电学的研究做出了贡献。由“Franklin did make contributions to the study of electricity”可知，句子表示“不管真相如何，富兰克林确实对电学的研究做出了贡献”，空格处意为“无论什么”，用whatever引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Whatever。
7．________ a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
【答案】While/Although
【解析】考查连词和让步状语从句。句意：虽然大量的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这片森林食物链中的一员。由“a significant number of jaguars survive here”可知，句子表示“虽然大量的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这片森林食物链中的一员”，空格处意为“虽然，尽管”，是while/although，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填While/Although。
8．He didn’t formally retire ______ last December. Then he flew to Italy to visit his daughter.
【答案】until
【解析】考查连词。句意：他直到去年12月才正式退休，然后就飞往意大利去看望女儿了。not…until…直到……才……，是一个固定句型，引导时间状语从句，故填until。
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Scientists have discovered that it is hundreds of years ______ plastic breaks down, whereas for paper, the period is much shorter.
A．when B．before C．since D．after
【答案】B
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：科学家们发现塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的分解周期要短得多。A. when当……时候；B. before在……之前；C. since自从；D. after在……之后。空处引导时间状语从句，为连词词性；根据句意，塑料分解之前有数百年的时间，故应用before。故选B。
2．（2024·天津·二模）You should bring your jacket with you __________ the weather takes a turn and becomes cold later.
A．so that B．as if C．in case D．even if
【答案】C
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：你应该带上一件夹克，以防过会儿变天，天气会冷。A. so that以至于；B. as if好像；C. in case以防万一；D. even if即使。根据句意，带上夹克的目的就是为了防止天气变冷，in case符合题意，故选C项。
3．（2024·天津·二模）With my father’s guidance and encouragement, I learned how to ride a bike ________ I knew it.
A．when B．until C．as D．before
【答案】D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在父亲的指导和鼓励下，我不知不觉地学会了骑自行车。A. when当……时；B. until直到；C. as因为；D. before在……之前。分析句子结构可知，此处是时间状语从句。before sb. knew it表示“不知不觉中；在自知之前”。故选D项。
4．（2024·天津河北·一模）Please ensure you have a backup of all your documents ________ the system upgrade encounters unexpected issues.
A．even if B．as if C．ever since D．in case
【答案】D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：请确保您已备份了所有文件，以防系统升级遇到意外问题。A. even if即使；B. as if好像；C.ever since自从；D. in case以防。根据上文“Please ensure you have a backup of all your documents”可知备份文件是以防升级遇到意外问题，in case“以防”符合题意，引导目的状语从句。故选D。
5．（23-24·天津和平·三模）______the council has provided places for us to take our empty bottles for recycling, many of us still throw glass bottles into the ordinary dustbins.
A．However B．Even though C．On account of D．Despite
【答案】B
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管委员会为我们提供了回收空瓶子的地方，但我们中的许多人仍然把玻璃瓶扔进了普通的垃圾箱。A. However然而；B. Even though即使，尽管；C. On account of由于；D. Despite不管。分析句子可知，空处应用连词even though“即使，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故选B。
6．（2024·山东·一模）—She is highly skilled at dealing with difficulties.
—__________ she’s had special training, see
A．Because B．Because of C．As if D．As long as
【答案】A
【详解】考查连词和介词辨析。句意：——她非常善于处理困难。——因为她受过特殊训练，明白吗？A. Because因为；B. Because of因为；C. As if好像；D. As long as只要；根据语境和后文“see ”可知，此处说明“她善于处理困难的原因”，because of是介词短语，不接从句。故选A项。
7．（2024·天津·三模）_______ you form the habit of taking regular exercise and stick to it, you will be much healthier.
A．As long as B．In case C．As if D．Even if
【答案】A
【详解】考查状语从句连接词辨析。句意：只要你养成定期锻炼的习惯并坚持下去，你就会健康得多。A. As long as只要；B. In case以防万一；C. As if仿佛，好像；D. Even if尽管。分析句子以及根据句意，此处引导的是条件状语从句，表示“只要你养成定期锻炼的习惯并坚持下去”，表示条件。故选A。
8．（2024·广东广州·二模）______hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A．Whatever B．Whichever C．However D．Whenever
【答案】C
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥都是困难的。A. Whatever无论什么；B. Whichever无论哪一个；C. However无论怎样；D. Whenever无论什么时候。分析句意可知，空处为让步状语从句的引导词，意思为“无论怎样”，however =no matter how无论怎么，引导让步状语从句。故选C。
9．（2024·上海·二模）________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A．Unpopular as has white been B．As unpopular white has been
C．As white has been unpopular D．Unpopular as white has been
【答案】D
【详解】考查倒装结构和从句。句意：虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用部分倒装结构，构成“形容词+as+主语+谓语”结构。故选D。
10．（2024·天津和平·二模）You can learn enough first aid knowledge in a few minutes—________ it’s from reading a book, attending a course or watching videos online.
A．when B．as C．whether D．once
【答案】C
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：你可以在几分钟内学到足够的急救知识——无论是通过读书、参加课程还是在线观看视频。固定结构：whether...or...“不管……还是……”。引导让步状语从句。结合句意及选项可知，选项C符合题意，故选C。
11．（2024·重庆一模）________ my head had cleared, my brain was beginning to function much better.
A．Now that B．Although C．Due to D．Despite
【答案】A
【详解】考查连词。句意：由于我的头脑清醒了，我的大脑开始运转得更好了。A. now that 既然；由于；B. although conj. 虽然；C. due to 由于；因为；D. despite prep. 尽管，虽然。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要连词，表示“因为，由于”的意思，引导原因状语从句。C选项的是介词短语。故选A。
12．（2024·湖南·三模）_____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A．If B．While C．Because D．As
【答案】B
【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管因特网很有帮助，但我并不认为在网上花太多时间是一个好主意。根据句意可知上下文表示转折关系，句中while相当于although/though。故B项正确。
13．（2024·北京石景山·一模）She was such a proud person that she would die she would admit she was wrong.
A．since B．when
C．unless D．before
【答案】D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：她是个如此骄傲的人以至于她宁愿死也不愿承认她是错的。这里用before，这个词翻译的时候很灵活，可以是“才…，就…，还没来得及…”，也可以像这题一样翻译成表示“宁愿…，决不…，与其…，毋宁…”常与will或would连用，所以选D。
14．（2024浙江·三模）　　　　 online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
A．Since B．After
C．While D．Unless
【答案】C
【详解】试题分析：句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是其所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
15．（2024高三·天津·三模）______ more and more people may turn to the Internet for the latest news, it is unlikely that the newspaper will disappear．
A．When B．Because C．Since D．While
【答案】D
【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然越来越多的人愿意上网看最新的新闻，但是报纸也不会消失。A.When 当……时；B. Because 因为； C. Since自从。D.While尽管。分析句子可知，逗号前后两句是转折关系，所以此处用while引导让步状语从句。故选D。
二、翻译
16．（2024·上海普陀·二模）人们常常抱怨飞机餐难吃，主要是因为在飞机上人们的味觉和嗅觉都会暂时失灵。(complain) （汉译英）
【答案】People often complain about airline food, mainly because people’s sense of taste and smell will be temporarily lost on the plane.
【详解】考查短语、时态和原因状语从句。“人们”翻译为people，在句中作主语；“常常”用副词often，所以用一般现在时；“抱怨”用短语complain about；“飞机餐”翻译为airline food；“主要是”用副词mainly；“因为”用连词because，引导原因状语从句；从句陈述将要发生的事情，用一般将来时；“人们的味觉和嗅觉”翻译为 people’s sense of taste and smell，在从句中作主语；“都会暂时失灵”翻译为be temporarily lost；“在飞机上”翻译为on the plane。故翻译为People often complain about airline food, mainly because people’s sense of taste and smell will be temporarily lost on the plane.
17．（2024·上海长宁·二模）比赛结束时，观众席上掌声雷动。(burst)
【答案】When the game was over, a burst of applause came from the audience.
When the game was over, the audience burst into applause.
【详解】考查动词短语、时态和状语从句。“比赛结束时”是时间状语从句，用从属连词when引导，主语“比赛”用the game表示，“结束”用短语be over表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态was over；“观众席上掌声雷动”是主句，可用“掌声”作主语，译为a burst of applause，“观众席上”理解为“来自观众席”，谓语“来自”用动词短语come from表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态came from，宾语“观众席”用the audience表示，也可用“观众”作主语，译为the audience，“掌声雷动”理解为“爆发出掌声”，谓语“爆发”用动词短语burst into表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态burst into，宾语“掌声”用applause表示。综上，全句可译为：When the game was over, a burst of applause came from the audience./When the game was over, the audience burst into applause.
18．（2024·上海长宁·二模）由于路面结冰，部分高速公路临时封闭，致使许多乘客困在路上，出门前最好留意天气预报。（trap）
【答案】As roads were frozen/covered with ice, some freeways/expressways/highways were closed temporarily, and many passengers were trapped on the roads. It’s better to listen to the weather broadcast before starting out/setting off/leaving/departure.
【详解】考查时态、原因状语从句、动词短语。分析句子结构，“由于路面结冰”为时间状语从句，使用连词as连接从句，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，句子可以使用“主系表”结构或“主谓结构”，也即使用过去分词做表语或使用一般过去时的被动语态，翻译为：As roads were frozen或As roads were covered with ice；表示“高速公路”含义的表达为：freeway或expressway或highway，“部分高速公路临时封闭”为主谓结构，因主语与谓语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，翻译为：some freeways/expressways/highways were closed temporarily；“致使许多乘客困在路上” 为主谓结构，因主语与谓语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，翻译为：many passengers were trapped on the roads；表示“最好……”含义的表达为：It is better to do；表示“留意天气预报”含义的表达为：listen to the weather broadcast；表示“出门前”含义的表达为：before starting out或before setting off或before leaving或before departure，翻译为：It’s better to listen to the weather broadcast before starting out/setting off/leaving/departure，故翻译为：As roads were frozen/covered with ice, some freeways/expressways/highways were closed temporarily, and many passengers were trapped on the roads. It’s better to listen to the weather broadcast before starting out/setting off/leaving/departure.
19．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）由于大量接触到当地人的语言，约翰不知不觉就学会了当地口音。(before)
【答案】Through heavy exposure to/ Exposed a lot to local people’s speech/ language, John acquired/picked up their accent before he realized it.
【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语、名词、时间状语从句和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“由于大量接触到当地人的语言”应为介词短语Through heavy exposure/Exposed a lot to local people’s speech；表示“学会，习得”应为动词短语pick up；表示“他们的口音”为名词短语their accent；后接连词before引导的时间状语从句，表示“意识到”为动词realize；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时。故翻译为：Through heavy exposure to/ Exposed a lot to local people’s speech/ language, John acquired/picked up their accent before he realized it.
20．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）当我们在互联网上发布信息时，必须考虑潜在的后果，因为某些细节可能会被媒体误解或夸大。(likely) (汉译英)
【答案】When we post information on the Internet, it’s essential to consider its potential consequences, as certain details are likely to be misinterpreted or overstated by the media.
【详解】考查状语从句、固定句型和时态。根据句中的“当……时”可知，这里应用when引导时间状语从句，根据句中的“因为……”可知，这里应用as引导原因状语从句。“在互联网上”可表示为on the Internet；“发布信息”可表示为post information；“必须……”可用固定句型it’s essential to do...表示；“考虑”可表示为consider；“潜在的”可表示为potential；“后果”可表示为consequences；“某些细节”可表示为certain details；“可能……”可用固定句型be likely to do...表示，主语为certain details，谓语应用复数形式；“媒体”可表示为the media；“误解”可表示为misinterpret；“夸大”可表示为overstate。根据句意可知，这里陈述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：When we post information on the Internet, it’s essential to consider its potential consequences, as certain details are likely to be misinterpreted or overstated by the media.
21．（23-24高三·上海·一模）自从他的小说在网络上走红之后，他便经历了一场“破天的富贵”，成为了文坛的新星。(since)
【答案】Since his novel went viral online, he has experienced a “sudden surge of fame and fortune”, becoming a new star in the literary world.
【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句、非谓语动词。表示“自从”用since，引导时间状语从句；表示“他的小说”用his novel，作主语；表示“走红”用固定短语go viral，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式went，表示“在网络上”用online，表示“自从他的小说在网络上走红之后”用时间状语从句Since his novel went viral online。在主句中：表示“他”用he，作主语；表示“经历”用experience，根据句意和句中Since可知，experience这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语是第三人称单数代词，所以助动词用has；表示“破天的富贵”用sudden surge of fame and fortune，其前用冠词a表示“一场”。表示“成为”用become，与he为主动关系，用现在分词作状语；表示“文坛的新星”用a new star in the literary world，作表语。故翻译为Since his novel went viral online, he has experienced a “sudden surge of fame and fortune”, becoming a new star in the literary world.
22．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）离职，不管是什么工作，是一个艰难的改变，即使对于那些期待退休的人来说也是如此。(no matter)
【答案】Quitting a job, no matter what it is, is a difficult change, and it is same even for those looking forward to retirement.
【详解】考查状语从句和非谓语动词。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“离职”应用quit a job，此处为动名词短语作主语；表示“不管是什么工作”应用no matter what it is，no matter what引导让步状语从句；表示“是”应用be，动名词作主语，be动词用is；表示“一个艰难的改变”应用a difficult change；表示“那些”应用those；表示“期待”应用look forward to，此处作定语修饰those，look forward to和those之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语，表示“即使对那些期待退休的人来说也是如此”应用it is same even for those looking forward to retirement；“离职，不管是什么工作，是一个艰难的改变”和“即使对于那些期待退休的人来说也是如此。”是并列关系，需用连词and连接。故翻译成：Quitting a job, no matter what it is, is a difficult change, and it is same even for those looking forward to retirement.
23．（23-24上海宝山·三模）在填写高考志愿时，如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时，你会怎样妥善处理？（agree）
【答案】While filling in the college entrance examination application, if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’, how would you like to solve it properly
【详解】
考查状语从句中的省略、状语从句和动词。表示“在填写高考志愿时”应为时间状语从句，引导词为while，表示“填写高考志愿”应为fill in the college entrance examination application，结合句意，该句描述的是动作在进行，从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词，所以从句可以省去“主语+be动词”，应译为while filling in the college entrance examination application，位于句首时，while的首字母需大写；表示“如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时”应为if引导的条件状语从句，表示“你的意见”应为your idea，表示“你的父母的意见”可以使用所有格形式your parents’，表示“相左”也就是“不一致”应为agree on的否定形式，结合句意可知，条件状语从句描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，主语your idea为第三人称单数，所以表示“不一致”应为doesn’t agree on，所以条件状语从句译为if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’；表示“你会怎样妥善处理”应为特殊疑问句，表示“怎样”应为how，表示“妥善处理”应为solve it properly，表示“你会……”应为you would like to do sth.，在疑问句中，将would提至主语之前，所以主句应译为how would you like to solve it properly。故翻译为While filling in the college entrance examination application, if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’, how would you like to solve it properly
24．（2024·上海杨浦·一模）他的古画修复水平如此之高，使得那幅尘封已久的画作重现光彩。（such）
【答案】His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has made the one covered under the dust for a long time/the long buried one regain/ return to its former glory.
His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has restored the one covered under the dust for a long time to its former glamour.
【详解】考查名词短语、动词、结果状语从句和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“他修复古画的技巧”应为名词短语His skill of restoring the ancient paintings；表示“达到”为动词reach；后接such…that…引导的结果状语从句，表示“水平”为名词level；在从句中，表示“使得”为动词make，表示“那幅尘封已久的画作”可译为the one covered under the dust for a long time，表示“回到，重回”应为动词短语return to或restore...to...；表示“昔日的辉煌”应为名词短语its former glory。结合句意可知，该句主句应为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时。故翻译为：His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has made the one covered under the dust for a long time return to its former glory.
25．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）只要这项研究的结果能够应用于新技术的开发，我们的努力就会得到回报。(so long as)
【答案】So long as the results of this research can be applied to the development of new technologies, our efforts will be rewarded.
【详解】考查状语从句和动词。表示“只要”用so long as，其引导条件状语从句，时态符合“主将从现”。表示“研究的结果”用the results of this research；表示“能够应用于新技术的开发”用can be applied to the development of new technologies，此处构成情态动词的被动语态；表示“我们的努力就会得到回报”用our efforts will be rewarded，此处表示将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时，同时our efforts与reward之间是被动关系，故使用一般将来时的被动语态。故翻译为So long as the results of this research can be applied to the development of new technologies, our efforts will be rewarded.
试卷第1页，共3页状语从句（讲义）
目录
一 状语从句概念及分类
二 状语从句易错题分析
三 高考模拟试题
状语从句概念及分类
状语从句在句中相当于副词，做状语，又叫副词性从句。
状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever引导。
例如：
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
在我住的地方有很多树。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里，我都会想到你。
方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, as if, as though引导。
（1）as的用法
Will you please do the experiment as I am doing
请按我的方法做这个实验好吗？
（2）as if, as though的用法，
①引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气，常与look/seem/taste/smell/sound等词连用。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看来要下雨。
②从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻，通常用虚拟语气。
The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.
这个受伤的男子行动起来似乎什么也没有发生似的。
说明：
as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语。
例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
原因状语从句
because，as，since与for的不同用法：
相同之处：
中文都表示“因为”，均为连词。
区别：
（1）如果表示原因的状语从句语气较强，在整个句子中占重要位置，是句子的主要部分，一般用“because”。即回答why问句的提问，应用because。
— Why did they come to China 他们为什么要去中国？
— Because their father wanted to work in China. 因为他们的父母想到中国工作。
（2）如果原因不重要，或为人所知，一般用as或since。它所引导的从句常常放在句首。
As you ask, I will tell you.
你既然问我，我就告诉你。
（3）for引导的句子表示原因，语气较because弱，类似一种补充说明，一般不用它来回答why提出的问题。它引导的从句不能放在句首，而且前面一般用逗号与主句分开。
We can’t go, for it’s raining.
由于天下雨，我们不能走了。
说明：
for是并列连词。
目的状语从句
表示目的状语从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。
例如：
You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.
你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多穿点衣服，以防天冷。
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so…that或such…that引导。so...that与such…that之间可以转换。
例如：
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
(= He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.)
这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。
条件状语从句
连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.
例如：
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
(= If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk.)
如果不太累，我们去散散步。
让步状语从句
（1）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。
例如：
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
（2）as, though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
例如：
Child as though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
虽然他是个孩子，但是他知道该做什么，不该做什么。
（3）ever if, even though即使。
例如：
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。
（4）whether…or… 不管……都。
例如：
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
信不信由你，这确实是真的。
（5）“no matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”。
例如：
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (= Whatever happened, he would not mind.)
不管发生什么，他不在意。
替换：
no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
提醒：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.
囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
比较while, when, as
（1）as, when引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如：
Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
我一刹车，就有一个人向我走来。
（2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。
例如：
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
赶完活后，你可以休息一下。
（3）从句表示“随时间推移”的连词能用as，不用when 或while。
例如：
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight.
我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you.
等着我叫你。
否定句：
She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock.
她直到6点才到。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
区别：
（1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
例如：
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
（2）until when疑问句中，until要放在句首。
例如：
— Until when are you staying 你待到什么时候？
— Until next Monday. 待到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
（1）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。
例如：
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
（2）It is not until… that…
例如：
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
表示“一…就…”的结构
（1）as soon as, once, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute 引导的状语从句，常译作“一……就……”
（2）hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as也可以表示“一……就……”的意思。
在这些结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
例如：
I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
刚回家，就下起雨来了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
状语从句易错题分析
误判并列句和状语从句
The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, preserving ecological buffer zones, ________ leaving behind precious natural assests (资产) for future generations”.
Guide dogs offer social, physical and mental benefits for some people who are blind， training them is an expensive and long process.
状语从句的省略
Though ________(defeat) , he still felt sad.
When ________ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
状语从句类别判断失误
（改错) Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol.
典例分析
Wang saw the lively scene ________ she was traveling in Aksu.
The power rationing in Jiangsu also forced factories in the key manufacturing(制造业） industry to cut or even stop their operations________ the end of the month.
3．I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing ________ they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.
4．Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny ________ they think they are
5．Much ________ I like this book, I like others much better.
6．______ the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the study of electricity.
7．________ a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
8．He didn’t formally retire ______ last December. Then he flew to Italy to visit his daughter.
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Scientists have discovered that it is hundreds of years ______ plastic breaks down, whereas for paper, the period is much shorter.
A．when B．before C．since D．after
2．（2024·天津·二模）You should bring your jacket with you __________ the weather takes a turn and becomes cold later.
A．so that B．as if C．in case D．even if
3．（2024·天津·二模）With my father’s guidance and encouragement, I learned how to ride a bike ________ I knew it.
A．when B．until C．as D．before
4．（2024·天津河北·一模）Please ensure you have a backup of all your documents ________ the system upgrade encounters unexpected issues.
A．even if B．as if C．ever since D．in case
5．（23-24·天津和平·三模）______the council has provided places for us to take our empty bottles for recycling, many of us still throw glass bottles into the ordinary dustbins.
A．However B．Even though C．On account of D．Despite
6．（2024·山东·一模）—She is highly skilled at dealing with difficulties.
—__________ she’s had special training, see
A．Because B．Because of C．As if D．As long as
7．（2024·天津·三模）_______ you form the habit of taking regular exercise and stick to it, you will be much healthier.
A．As long as B．In case C．As if D．Even if
8．（2024·广东广州·二模）______hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A．Whatever B．Whichever C．However D．Whenever
9．（2024·上海·二模）________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A．Unpopular as has white been B．As unpopular white has been
C．As white has been unpopular D．Unpopular as white has been
10．（2024·天津和平·二模）You can learn enough first aid knowledge in a few minutes—________ it’s from reading a book, attending a course or watching videos online.
A．when B．as C．whether D．once
11．（2024·重庆一模）________ my head had cleared, my brain was beginning to function much better.
A．Now that B．Although C．Due to D．Despite
12．（2024·湖南·三模）_____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A．If B．While C．Because D．As
13．（2024·北京石景山·一模）She was such a proud person that she would die she would admit she was wrong.
A．since B．when
C．unless D．before
14．（2024浙江·三模）　　　　 online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
A．Since B．After
C．While D．Unless
15．（2024高三·天津·三模）______ more and more people may turn to the Internet for the latest news, it is unlikely that the newspaper will disappear．
A．When B．Because C．Since D．While
二、翻译
16．（2024·上海普陀·二模）人们常常抱怨飞机餐难吃，主要是因为在飞机上人们的味觉和嗅觉都会暂时失灵。(complain) （汉译英）
17．（2024·上海长宁·二模）比赛结束时，观众席上掌声雷动。(burst)
18．（2024·上海长宁·二模）由于路面结冰，部分高速公路临时封闭，致使许多乘客困在路上，出门前最好留意天气预报。（trap）
19．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）由于大量接触到当地人的语言，约翰不知不觉就学会了当地口音。(before)
20．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）当我们在互联网上发布信息时，必须考虑潜在的后果，因为某些细节可能会被媒体误解或夸大。(likely) (汉译英)
21．（23-24高三·上海·一模）自从他的小说在网络上走红之后，他便经历了一场“破天的富贵”，成为了文坛的新星。(since)
22．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）离职，不管是什么工作，是一个艰难的改变，即使对于那些期待退休的人来说也是如此。(no matter)
23．（23-24上海宝山·三模）在填写高考志愿时，如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时，你会怎样妥善处理？（agree）
24．（2024·上海杨浦·一模）他的古画修复水平如此之高，使得那幅尘封已久的画作重现光彩。（such）
25．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）只要这项研究的结果能够应用于新技术的开发，我们的努力就会得到回报。(so long as)
试卷第1页，共3页特殊句式和情景交际（讲义）
目录
一 全部倒装
二 部分倒装
三 省略句
四 反意疑问句
五 强调句句型
六 情景交际的分类
七 易混交际用语辨析
八 高考模拟试题
最常见到的四种特殊句式：全部倒装、部分倒装、省略句和反意疑问句。
全部倒装
1. There be句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用live，exist，remain，stand等作谓语。例如：
(1) There are many students in the classroom.
(2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.
2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如：
Here comes the bus.
Out went the children.
3. 由then引起，谓语为come，follow的句子。例如：
(1) Then came a new difficulty.
(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
5. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如：
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
部分倒装
1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意：①在only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
Only when you have finished your homework（从句用正常语序） can you go to the cinema.
②only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.
2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子：
表示否定意义的副词never，nor，neither；xk;w
表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little；
含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不)，in no time(很快)，at no time(在任何时候都不)，not until, not only … but also...，no sooner...than
(1) Never shall I believe you again.
(2) Little did he know who the woman was.
(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 以so开头，用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。译作“也不是，也没有”。例如：
The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.
－I don’t think I can walk any further.
—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.
注意：当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况，译作“的确，正是”时，用正常语序。例如：
— Tom works hard.
— So he does and so do you.
4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should，had，可以把if省略，而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
例如：
If there should be a flood, what would we do
Should there be a flood, what would we do
5. 频度副词及短语often，always，now and then，many a time，every other day等放在句首时，有时也倒装。
例如：Many a time has he come to comfort me.
6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。 例如：May you succeed!
省略句
1. 如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动词，只保留分词和其他成分。例如：
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (Lost in thought为As he was lost in thought的省略)
2. 如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话，从句的句尾可省略。例如：
(1) Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).
(2) Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won’t (sweep the floor).
3. 在回答问句及其他形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号to，而把动词和其他部分省略。例如：
— I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat
— Not at all. I’d be happy to. (I’d be happy to后省略了look after your cat)
4. 在英语中，有一些特殊的省略结构，如：What/How about... Why not do... 等实际上已形成了习惯用法。例如：
— I usually go there by train.
— Why not try going by boat for a change
反意疑问句
反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式。
1、反意疑问句的一般情况
(1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone，everybody，someone，no one，nobody，somebody等时，其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they，强调个体也可用he。例如：
Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t he
Everyone knows what money means, doesn’t he/don’t they
(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this，that或these，those时，附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。
例如：This is important, isn’t it
These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they
(3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything，anything，nothing等时，附加问句中的主语用it。
例如：Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it
(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，如：never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，no，none， no one，rarely，nowhere，nothing，nobody，few，little等，附加问句一般用肯定式。
例如：She seldom goes to the cinema, does she
2、常见句型的反意疑问句
(1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时，其后的附加问句也用there。
There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow, won’t there
(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题：
①祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问部分只能用will you。
Don’t forget the meeting, will you xk,w
②祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。
Give me some cigarettes, will you/ won’t you
3、复合句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分是“I’m sure，I’m afraid，I don’t think (suppose，expect，imagine，believe等)+宾语从句”结构时，附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意陈述部
分的否定转移现象。
例如：
I’m sure that he is late for school, isn’t he
I don’t think she cares, does she
4、关于情态动词的反意疑问句
(1) 陈述部分中有have/had to，附加疑问句部分通常用do的相应形式代替。例如：
You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus, don’t you
(2) 陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must；陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。
例如：
You mustn’t walk on the grass, must you
You must be very thirsty, aren’t you （对想在情况的推测）
It must have snowed last night, didn’t it （对过去情况的推测）
(3) 陈述部分是I wish，表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。
例如：
I wish to see you again, may I
强调句句型
1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。
eg. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他撞见李萍是在昨天。
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
eg. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？
3. 强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
4. 注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that， who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that， who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was …… ，其余的时态用It is ……
not … until … 句型的强调句
句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
eg. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
注意：此句型只用until，不用till.
谓语动词的强调
It is/ was …… that …… 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did.
eg. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
情景交际的分类
社会交往
1.问候与应答
表示“问候”的常用语 常用应答语
Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. How do you do (初次见面) Nice to meet you. (初次见面) Nice to see you(熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇) 与问候语相同(对Nice to meet/see you的回 答还可以用Me, too.)
How are you (用于比较熟悉的人之间) A: How are you B: Fine, thank you. And you A: Very well, thank you.
①代向某人问候：Best wishes/regards to sb. give one’s wishes/regards to sb. give one’s best wishes/regards to sb. ②替某人向……问好：say “Hi/ Hello” to sb. from sb. Please remember me to... Please send my best regards to...
感谢与应答
表示“感谢”的常用语 常用应答语
Thank you very much./Many thanks./Thanks a lot.非常感谢您。(得到别人的帮助、礼物等) Thank you all/just the same./Thank you anyway. 还是要谢谢您。(没得到或不需要对方的帮助时) No, thank you./No, thanks. 不用了，谢谢您。(拒绝别人提供的帮助或物品时) That’s all right./It’s all right/Not at all./You’re welcome./Not problem.没什么/不客气。 Don’t mention it./It’s really nothing at all. 实在不值一提。 It’s a pleasure./(It’s)My pleasure. 这是我的荣幸。(别人得到你的帮助向你道谢时) I’m glad you like it. 很高兴您能喜欢它。(别人得到你的礼物道谢时)
道歉与应答
表示“道歉”的常用语 常用应答语
Sorry./Pardon./I beg your pardon.请原谅/很抱歉。 I am sorry for my being late.很抱歉，我来晚了。 Please forgive me for what I said to you. 请原谅我对你说的那些话。 Excuse me for my interruption.请原谅我的打扰。 I apologize to you for my rudeness. 我因我的粗鲁向你道歉。 That’s all right./It’s all right./That’s nothing./That’s OK./No problem.没关系。 Forget it./It doesn’t matter./It’s no big deal.没关系。
.邀请与应答
表示“邀请”的常用语 常用应答语
Would you like to...您愿意……吗？ Will/Would/Can/Could you come to... 您愿意来……吗？ Could/May I have the honor/pleasure of your coming to my birthday party 我能有幸邀请您来参加我的生日聚会吗？ We’ll be glad if you can come to my party. 如果你能来参加聚会的话，我会非常高兴的。 接受邀请 Yes, I’d love/be glad to.好的，我很愿意。 Yes, with pleasure.好的，非常荣幸。 All right.好的。 Sure, why not 当然，为什么不呢？ Sure. That’s a good idea.当然。好主意。 委婉拒绝 I’m sorry, but I can’t.真对不起，可是我不能呀！ I’d love to, but I won’t be free then. 我很愿意，不过那时我没空。 I’m afraid I can’t.恐怕不行。
祝贺(福、愿)与应答
表示“祝贺(福、愿)”的常用语 常用应答语
Good luck!祝你好运！ Best wishes to you.(给你)最美好的祝愿！ Congratulations!祝贺！ Well done!干得太棒了！ May you success/succeed!祝你成功！ Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!新年、圣诞快乐！ Happy birthday to you.祝你生日快乐！ Have a nice/good time/journey.祝你旅途愉快！ 视具体情况选用： Thank you! The same to you. You, too.

请求与应答
表示“请求”的常用语 常用应答语
May I have your permission to use your car 我可以用一下您的车吗？ Could I have a word with the manager 我可以和经理谈一下吗？ Do you mind if I smoke here 我抽烟你介意吗？ Would you mind me/my smoking here 我抽烟你介意吗？ 肯定 Yes./Sure./Certainly.行/当然可以。 Yes, (do)please./Go ahead, please.好，请吧。 That’s OK/all right.行/可以。 Of course, you may.你当然可以。 No, of course not./Certainly not./No, go ahead./Not at all.当然不介意。 No, go ahead(用来应答Do you mind if I…的请求) 否定 I’m sorry you can’t.抱歉，你不能。 I’m sorry，but you’d better not.抱歉，你最好别这样。
求助、提供帮助与应答
表示“求助、提供帮助”的常用语 常用应答语
Can you help me /Can you lend me a hand /Will you do me a favor 您能帮我吗？ I would feel much obliged if you can do me a favor.如果你肯帮忙的话，我会非常感激的。 With pleasure.非常乐意。
Can I help you /What can I do for you /Is there anything I can do for you /Would you like me to help you 需要(我)帮助吗？ If you don’t mind，I’ll carry the desk for you. 你要是不介意的话，我来为你搬桌子。 需要别人帮助时 Yes, please. 好的，请吧。 Thanks. That would be nice/fine./That’s kind of you. 谢谢。您太好了。 不需要别人帮助时 No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 不用了，谢谢。我自己能行。 Thank you all the same.还是要谢谢你。
劝告、建议与应答
表示“劝告、建议”的常用语 常用应答语
I advise you (not) to...我劝你…… You’d better (not)...你最好…… I suggest/recommend that you (should)...我建议你 Why not... 为什么不…… Why don’t you do... 干吗不…… How/What about doing... ……好不好？/……怎么样？ Shall we... 让我们……，好吗？ Let’s..., shall we 让我们……，好吗？ 肯定：Good idea. That’s great idea. That’s fine. Why not (That/It)Sounds great. Yes, I suppose so. 否定：I’d love to, but… It’s an idea, but… I’m afraid I can’t do that. I’m afraid I can’t follow your advice. That’s impossible, but thank you all the same.
态度、情感类
同意和不同意
表示“同意”的常用语 表示“不同意”的常用语
No problem.没问题。 That’s true/right.正确。/就是那样。 That’s a good idea./What a good idea!真是好主意。 Excellent!/That’s fine. /好极了。 All right./OK.行。 I totally agree./I couldn’t agree with you more. 我完全同意。 Of course!当然可以！ It’s up to you.由你定。 No, I don’t think so.不，我觉得不是这样。 Do you think so 你这样认为吗？ No way.绝不可能/没门。 I’m afraid I really can’t agree with you. 恐怕我真的不敢苟同你的观点。 It is not proper for you to say so. 你这样说是不合适的。 I can’t agree with everything you’ve said. 我不完全同意你的观点。 It depends.看情况而定。
鼓励和安慰
表示“鼓励”的常用语 表示“安慰”的常用语
Well done!干得好！ You can do it.你能行。 You’ll make it.你会成功的。 Just have a try.试一下。 Do be confident.务必自信。 Come on!/Cheer up!/Keep trying! 来吧/加油/继续努力！ —We’ve missed the train！ —Never mind，there’ll be another in ten minutes. “我们没赶上火车！”“别担心，过十分钟还有一班。” Don’t worry(No worry).不要担忧(不急)。 Don’t feel so nervous.不要紧张。 Take your time.慢慢来。 Take it easy，everything will turn fine. 不要紧张，一切会变好的。
同情(遗憾)
表示“同情(遗憾)”的常用语
Please accept my deep sympathy.请接受我深切的慰问。 You must be disappointed.你一定很失望。 You must be feeling very sad.你一定感觉很难过。 It must be hard for you.对你来说太难以忍受。 Oh, that’s such hard luck!哦，运气真是不好！Bad luck! 倒霉！不走运！ What a pity/shame! 多么可惜！ It’s regrettable that...令人遗憾的是……。 It’s unfortunate that...不幸的是……。
惊奇
表示“惊奇”的常用语
Really 真的吗？ Is that so 真的是这样的吗？ 是那样吗？ How come 怎么会这样？ Dear me哎呀(表示惊讶) Oh, dear!/Good heavens!/Goodness!/My God! 我的天哪/我的上帝！
易混交际用语辨析
第一组
Come on. 来! 快! 得了! 除表示催促外，还表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等。
Hurry up！ 赶紧！快点！ 表示催促对方快点行动。
What’s up 怎么啦？ 发生什么事了？ 表示关心、好奇。
第二组
It’s my/a pleasure. =My pleasure =A pleasure. 不用谢；没关系；这是我乐意做的。 是我的荣幸。 对对方感谢时的回答。
With pleasure. 当然可以；愿意效劳。 类似的答语还有： All right, OK, No problem, I’d like to, Certainly等 用于对别人的请求表示乐意去做的场合。
第三组
What’s up 怎么了/有什么事吗？ 有何贵干？ 表示关心或关注。
What if… 如果(假如)……将会怎么样？ ＝What will or would happen if …
So what 那又怎么样？ 表示无所谓的态度。
How come 怎么回事？ 怎么搞的？ 为什么？ 怎么会这样？ 通常用在你觉得奇怪而问问什么的时候。当你不愿意回答别人的某个问题时也可说How come 意思是“Why do you ask that It’s none of your business.”
How so 为什么(会是这样呢) 为什么(这么说) 表示惊异、纳闷、不理解等。
第四组
All right. 好；行；可以。 用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请。
That’s all right. ①不用谢；别客气； ②没关系；不介意； ③可以，没有问题。 ①对别人致谢的回答。=That’s OK./Not at all. /You are welcome； ②对别人致歉时的答语=It doesn’t matter/Never mind； ③在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑情况时常用。
That is right. 正确；对。 用于表示对某事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用right作答。
第五组
Take it easy. 慢点；放松些；沉住气；别紧张；慢慢来。 表示安慰对方“不要过度紧张”。
Take your time. 别着急；慢慢来。 表示允许对方“慢慢做，不用着急”。
第六组
That’s something. 太好了；太棒了。 向他人表示祝贺。
That’s (not)the case. 情况就是(不是)这样的。 相当于(Not)Exactly“正是(并非)如此”的意思。
第七组
Got it. 明白啦。 对别人的提醒或吩咐的应答。
Made it. 成功。成功做成……。 表示某人事业获得成功。 表示某人做成某事。
较为陌生的交际用语
交际用语 表达意义
I couldn’t agree less. 我绝对/完全不同意。与“I couldn’t agree more”意义相反。
Mind your own business. 这不用你管! 你少管闲事! 这关你什么事
I can’t help it. ①表示帮不上忙：我也没办法/这不是我的错。 ②表示控制不住某种情感或思想等：我控制不住/我忍不住/我没法不……。
It can’t be helped. 没有办法或帮不上忙：无可挽回/这是无法避免的/实在没办法/只好这样。
It’s /was nothing. ①用来回答感谢或类似于感谢的句子：没什么/不用谢/这不算什么。 ②用来回答称赞：不行/不好/不算什么/不好意思。 ③用来回答道歉：没什么/没关系。
Same here. 我也一样/这里也一样。
It’s a real bargain. 真便宜。便宜货。划得来的交易。
It’s a deal. 成交。一言为定。
It’s no big deal. 没什么大不了的。没什么大不了的事。
谚语和俗语
More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。 A watched pot never boils心急吃不了热豆腐。
Constant dripping wears away the stone.滴水穿石。 Time lost cannot be recalled.光阴一去不复返。
Lost time is never found again.时不再来。 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。
It’s never too late to mend.改过迁善从不嫌晚(亡羊补牢，未为迟也)。
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。
A roaring lion kills no game.空谈不如行动。 To stand still is to move back.逆水行舟，不进则退。
An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 Every minute counts.分秒必争。
A good beginning makes a good ending.善始才有善终。 Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。
Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 A rising tide lifts all boats.水涨众船高。
Many hands make light work.众人搭柴火焰高。 Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
An old pan is the one that makes good food.姜还是老的辣。
Cheerful company shortens the miles旅有好旅伴，不觉行程远。
Lookers-on see most of the game.旁观者清。
A bad workman always blames his tools.拙匠总怪工具差。
The best fish are/swim near the bottom.好鱼居水底(有价值的东西不能轻易得到)。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作/学习不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.
领马河边易，逼马饮水难(不要逼人做不愿做的事)。
All that dogs bark at are not thieves./All are not thieves that dogs bark at.狗吠者未必是贼(勿以貌取人)。
It is a good horse that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.良马会失蹄，贤妻有牢骚。
Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石(自己有弱点，勿揭他人短)。
Nothing brave, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Where there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望(留得青山在，不怕没柴烧)。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳(一次上当，下次小心)。
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。
As the tree, so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
He that corrects not small faults will not control great ones.小错不纠，大错难控。
Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.无风不起浪。
If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, try again.再接再厉，终会成功。
Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。
East or west, home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。
You cannot have your cake and eat it too.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。
A little pot is soon hot量小易怒。 Forgive and forget既往不咎。
The world is your oyster.你可随心所欲了。 It really costs me an arm and a leg。真太贵了。
It really gets on my nerves心神不宁。 It beats my brains out绞尽脑汁。
It pulls my legs开玩笑，愚弄我。 be the apple of their eye掌上明珠
have their feet of clay有弱点 be in the red有债务，赤字
be green with envy羡慕嫉妒 kill the fatted calf设宴欢迎/款待
have egg on your face丢脸 wash your hands off撒手不管
get down off your high horse别摆架子，省省吧。 a Jekyll and Hyde existence过双重人格的生活
give sb. a cold shoulder对某人很不屑(没有好脸色)，让某人吃闭门羹
a wet blanket扫兴的人或物 a green finger新手
a black sheep害群之马 a fat cat有钱有势的人
a bad apple坏人 a hard/tough nut难对付的人
an early bird早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人) a lucky dog幸运儿
a piece of cake小菜一碟，易事一件 child’s play小儿科、轻而易举
as easy as pie小事一桩 a cup of tea小意思
a hard nut to crack很棘手的事情 a David and Goliath battle强弱悬殊，以弱战强
a catch-22 situation用来形容任何自相矛盾、不合逻辑的规定或条件所造成的无法摆脱的困境、难以逾越的障碍，表示人们处于左右为难的境地，或者是一件事陷入了死循环，或者跌进逻辑陷阱等等。
a Pandora’s box“潘多拉的盒子”被用来比喻造成灾害的根源
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·山东·三模）It was ________ 11th December ________ Xu Chengcheng got the first prize in National English Speech Competition.
A．in; when B．in; that C．on; when D．on; that
【答案】D
【详解】考查介词和强调句。句意：在12月11日那天，徐程程获得了全国英语演讲比赛的第一名。空1：此处指在12月11日那天，指具体的某一天应用介词on；空2：此处为强调句“it was+被强调部分+that+其他”结构，此处强调时间状语on 11th December，故填that。故选D。
2．（2024·山东·三模）There ______ an English Evening next Tuesday.
A．was B．will be C．will have D．is going to have
【答案】B
【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：下周二将举办英语晚会。分析句子可知，句中时间状语是next Tuesday，因此使用一般将来时，且此句是there be句型。故选B项。
3．（2024·山东·三模）I______ come here yesterday. I just stood here.
A．do B．does C．did D．done
【答案】C
【详解】考查谓语动词的强调。句意：我昨天确实来这里了。我只是站在这儿。分析句意可知，此处考查使用助动词对谓语动词come“到来”加以强调，结合时间状语yesterday可知句子时态是一般过去时，使用“助动词did+动词原形”对谓语动词进行强调。故选C项。
4．（2024·山东泰安·一模）— ________ into the night sky spelling the message “One World One Family”. We were very excited about it.
— Yeah. As a Chinese we were proud of it.
A．Up went the fireworks B．Went up the fireworks
C．Up did the fireworks go D．Up the fireworks went
【答案】A
【详解】考查全部倒装。句意：——烟花升入夜空，拼出“同一个世界，同一个家庭”的字样。我们对此非常兴奋。——是的。作为中国人，我们为此感到自豪。副词up放在句首，且主语the fireworks为名词，句子要用全部倒装，即：Up+谓语+主语+其他。went是本句谓语，放在主语the fireworks前。故选A。
5．（23-24·上海·三模）________ in the future to bridge the gender gap and diversity in the scientific field
A．Do you suggest what we can do B．What do you suggest that we should do
C．Do you suggest what can we do D．What do you suggest we do
【答案】D
【详解】考查插入语。句意：你建议我们今后如何弥合科学领域的性别差距和多样性？分析句子可知，本句原本应为what should we do， do you suggest为插入语，应放在特殊疑问词后，do you suggest后应用陈述语序，且suggest后应用虚拟语气，should可以省略，所以可构成What do you suggest we do。故选D项。
6．（2024·甘肃兰州·三模）It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins.
A．that; buried B．when; buried
C．that; burying D．when; burying
【答案】A
【详解】考查it强调句句式和过去分词。句意：地震是在凌晨3点发生的。数百人丧生，许多人被埋在废墟中。去掉it was和空格后句子完整，所以此处为it强调句句式，即“it be+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”，且此处强调的是物，所以应用that。在with的复合结构中，动词bury意为“埋”，和逻辑主语a lot构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故选A。
7．（23-24·上海二模）The local government announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes.
A．the residents would be allowed B．had the residents been allowed
C．would the residents be allowed D．the residents had been allowed
【答案】C
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：当地政府宣布，只有当大火被控制住以后，居民们才可以返回家中。分析句子可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，only+强调时间状语从句when the fire was under control置于句首，主句使用部分倒装的形式，主句使用的是一般过去时，宾语从句“允许”的动作还未发生，故应用过去将来时，部分到装时，将助动词would置于主语之前。故选C。
8．（·上海·二模）________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A．Unpopular as has white been B．As unpopular white has been
C．As white has been unpopular D．Unpopular as white has been
【答案】D
【详解】考查倒装结构和从句。句意：虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用部分倒装结构，构成“形容词+as+主语+谓语”结构。故选D。
9．（2024山东一模）________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A．So anxious were the couple B．So curious were the couple
C．Such eager the couple were D．The couple were such curious
【答案】B
【详解】考查倒装句及形容词词义辨析。句意：那对夫妇对野生植物那么好奇以致于他们决定去Madagascar作进一步的研究。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用“so +形容词（副词）”放在句首引导结果状语从句，此时句子要用倒装形式。anxious焦虑的；curious好奇的。根据句意可知，curious符合题意。故选B项。
10．（2024·广东·三模）________that it was already the fourth time that he _________abroad.
A．So lucky was he; traveled B．So lucky he was; traveled
C．So lucky was he; had traveled D．So lucky he was; had traveled
【答案】C
【详解】考查倒装句式和固定句式。句意：他很幸运，这已经是他第四次出国旅行了。在so... that…结构中，若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装，因此第一空填So lucky was he；It is（was）the first time that…这一固定句型中，若主句是谓语是is，则从句谓语用现在完成时，若主句谓语是was，则从句谓语用过去完成时；因此第二空填had traveled。故选C项。
11．（2024·天津二模）—How’s the project going
—_________. All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.
A．Easy come easy go B．Far from it C．It just depends D．So far so good
【答案】D
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——项目进行得怎么样了 ——到目前为止一切顺利。我们要做的就是完成最后一点工作。A. Easy come easy go得来容易，去得快；B. Far from it远非如此；C. It just depends视情况而定；D. So far so good到目前为止一切顺利。根据“All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.”可知，工作已经快要完成，一切顺利。故选D项。
12．（2024·天津河北·二模）— Did Bob keep working on that math problem even after we left
— ______. He stayed back and managed to solve it late into the night.
A．You’re kidding B．That’s it C．That’s all right D．Go ahead
【答案】B
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——即使我们离开了，鲍勃还在继续研究那道数学题吗？——是的。他留下来并设法在深夜解决了它。A. You’re kidding你在开玩笑；B. That’s it就是这样，的确如此；C. That’s all right没关系；D. Go ahead前进，开始。根据“He stayed back and managed to solve it late into the night.(他留下来并设法在深夜解决了它)”可知，回答是肯定的，“That’s it”符合语境，故选B项。
13．（2024·天津南开·二模）—Tony, you’ve been accepted into our club.
—_________ That’s great.
A．Good idea! B．Congratulations! C．Have I D．Pardon
【答案】C
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——Tony，你已经被我们的俱乐部接受了。——真的吗？太好了！A. Good idea! 好主意！B. Congratulations! 恭喜！C. Have I 真的吗？D. Pardon 请再说一遍？根据下文“That’s great.”可知，Tony得知自己被俱乐部接受，最合适的回应是表示惊喜或者确认，因此C选项“真的吗？”最为恰当。故选C。
14．（2024·天津南开·二模）—Why are you always late
—_________ I’ve never delayed work.
A．So what B．Why not C．What for D．Why me
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你为什么总是迟到？——那又怎样？我从未耽误工作。A. So what那又怎样；B. Why not为什么不；C. What for为何目的；D. Why me为什么是我。根据后文“I’ve never delayed work(我从未耽误工作)”可知，此处是在表达对总是迟到这件事的不在意，So what“那又怎样”符合语境。故选A。
15．（2024·天津·二模）—Did you have a wonderful time in Hainan last week
—______. It was extremely hot and the food there didn’t suit me.
A．That’s right B．I couldn’t agree more C．Not really D．Very good
【答案】C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你上星期在海南玩得愉快吗？——不完全是。天气非常热，那里的食物不适合我。A. That’s right没错；B. I couldn’t agree more我完全同意；C. Not really不完全是；D. Very good很好。根据答语中It was extremely hot and the food there didn’t suit me可以判断出，回答者玩得并不开心。 故选C。
16．（2024·天津和平·二模）— Is your baby any better now
—_______. She just ate too much and brought up all the things she ate.
A．Nothing serious B．Nothing special. C．Nothing else D．Nothing better
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你的宝宝现在好些了吗？——没什么大问题。她只是吃得太多，把吃的东西都吐出来了。A. Nothing serious没什么大问题；B. Nothing special没什么特别的，一般，马马虎虎；C. Nothing else没有别的；D. Nothing better并没有更好。根据回答中提到的“她只是吃得太多，把吃的东西都吐出来了”，这表明宝宝的情况不是很严重，只是暂时的不适，因此答案是A. Nothing serious，表明宝宝没有什么大碍。故选A。
17．（2024·天津和平·二模）—Should we go hiking in the mountains this weekend
—The weather forecast doesn’t look good. _______ and plan an indoor activity instead.
A．Better play it safe B．It’s better than nothing
C．I can’t agree more D．Take it easy
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——这个周末我们去爬山好吗？——天气预报看起来不太好。为了安全起见，最好计划一个室内活动。A. Better play it safe最好谨慎行事；B. It’s better than nothing总比什么都没有好；C. I can’t agree more我完全同意；D. Take it easy放松。根据“The weather forecast doesn’t look good”和“and plan an indoor activity instead”可知，此处是指要谨慎行事，为了安全起见。故选A。
18．（2024·天津河东·二模）—I’m wondering if Linda will agree to our plan.
—________
A．I’m afraid so. B．Leave me alone.
C．It doesn’t hurt to ask. D．Sure, it is!
【答案】C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我在想琳达是否会同意我们的计划。——问问也无妨。A. I’m afraid so.恐怕是这样；B. Leave me alone.别烦我；C. It doesn’t hurt to ask.问问也无妨；D. Sure, it is!当然，它是。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短句It doesn’t hurt to ask“问问也无妨”，满足句意要求。故选C项。
19．（2024·天津河东·二模）—Dad, will you help me through the work please
—________
A．Come on! B．You have my word.
C．You must be kidding. D．Cheer up!
【答案】B
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——爸爸，你能帮我完成工作吗？——我向你保证。A. Come on!加油；B. You have my word.我向你保证；C. You must be kidding.你在开玩笑吧；D. Cheer up!加油。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短句You have my word“我向你保证”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
20．（2024·天津·二模）— I’ll never understand physics. It’s so complicated!
— __________. With effort and patience, you can definitely master it!
A．Never say never B．Hard to say C．No wonder D．Never mind
【答案】A
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——我永远也搞不懂物理。太复杂了！——永不说不。只要努力和耐心，你一定能掌握它！A. Never say never永远不要说不；B. Hard to say难以确定；C. No wonder难怪；D. Never mind没关系。结合语境以及下文中的“With effort and patience, you can definitely master it!”可知，只要努力和耐心就可以掌握，所以，此处应是劝说不要放弃，所以“永远不要说不”符合语境。故选A项。
21．（2024·天津·二模）—I heard John spent all his savings on that fancy car!
— __________. That’s not like him at all.
A．You can’t be serious! B．Congratulations to him!
C．I’m happy for him. D．That’s a good investment.
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我听说约翰把他所有的积蓄都花在那辆豪车上了！——你不是认真的吧！这一点也不像他。A. You can’t be serious! 你不是认真的吧！B. Congratulations to him! 祝贺他！C. I’m happy for him. 我为他高兴。D. That’s a good investment. 这是一项不错的投资。根据下文That’s not like him at all.可知，此处表示不相信对方说的话，认为对方在开玩笑。故选A。
22．（2024·天津·一模）— Are you going to have your essay published
—______ It’s too good an opportunity to miss.
A．No problem! B．You bet. C．What for D．Why bother
【答案】B
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你的论文要发表吗？——没错。这是一个不容错过的好机会。A. No problem!没问题；B. You bet.当然，没错；C. What for 为什么；D. Why bother 何必呢。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短语You bet“当然，没错”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
23．（2024·天津·一模）— Skipping breakfast is a good way to lose weight.
—______. Actually it has the opposite effect.
A．I can’t agree more B．That’s not the case
C．That’s it D．I’m glad to know that
【答案】B
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——不吃早餐是减肥的好方法。——事实并非如此。实际上它有相反的效果。A. I can’t agree more我完全同意；B. That’s not the case事实并非如此；C. That’s it就是这样；D. I’m glad to know that听到这个我很高兴。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短句That’s not the case“事实并非如此”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
24．（2024·山东济南·二模）— Would you please go out for a walk with me
— ______, but I’m too busy at that moment.
A．That’s right B．Of course not C．I’d like to D．With pleasure
【答案】C
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——你能和我一起出去散步吗 ——我很想去，但是我现在太忙了。A. That’s right没错；B. Of course not当然不；C. I’d like to我想去；D. With pleasure十分愿意。对于“Would you like... ”提出的建议或要求，委婉的拒绝用“I’d like/love to, but...”。故选C。
25．（2024·天津·二模）—Do you know who designed the mascots of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou
—______. Zhang Wen, a teacher of China Academy of Art.
A．You got me there B．Hold your horses
C．You bet D．You have a point there
【答案】C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你知道第19届杭州亚运会吉祥物是谁设计的吗？——当然。张文，中国美术学院教师。A. You got me there你把我难住了；B. Hold your horses慢一点，不要着急；C. You bet当然；D. You have a point there你说得有道理。根据前文“Do you know who designed the mascots of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou ”可知，对方在提问，所以应用C项“You bet”来肯定地回答对方的问题，表示自己确实知道答案。故选C项。
26．（2024·天津河西·三模）—I’m afraid I can’t pass the English exam.
— ______. It can’t be as difficult as you expected.
A．Not to worry B．Take your time
C．That’s right D．I have no idea
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我恐怕无法通过英语考试。——不用担心，它不会像你预期的那么难。A. Not to worry不用担心；B. Take your time慢慢来；C. That’s right没错； D. I have no idea我不知道。根据下文“It can’t be as difficult as you expected”可知，此处是在安慰对方不必担心，因为英语考试会像你预期的那么难。故选A。
27．（2024·天津·二模）—Do you think you will be able to finish your term paper by this weekend
—_______. I am occupied with experiments these days.
A．Not a little B．No wonder C．Not a chance D．Not to mention it
【答案】C
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——你认为你能在这个周末之前完成你的学期论文吗 ——不可能，我一整天将都在忙试验。A. Not a little很，十分，许多；B. No wonder难怪；C. Not a chance不可能 ；D. Not to mention it不客气。根据下文的“I am occupied with experiments these days (我一整天将都在忙试验)”可知，此处应该是不可能完成论文的，所以用Not a chance表示“不可能”符合语境。故选C项。
28．（2024·天津南开·一模）—Why don’t we go to a movie
—________
A．I’m game. B．What’s up C．What a relief! D．I really envy you.
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我们为什么不去看电影呢？——我愿意去。A. I’m game.表示“我愿意尝试”；B. What’s up 表示“怎么了？”；C. What a relief!表示“可轻松了！” ；D. I really envy you.表示“我真羡慕你。”。前一说话者“Why don’t we go to a movie ”提议去看电影，回答者应是说自己愿意。故选A。
29．（2024·天津红桥·一模）—Are you content with your present job
-—______. I prefer one with flexible hours.
A．That all depends B．It’s a pity C．Not in the least D．You can bet on that
【答案】C
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——你对现在的工作满意吗 ——一点也不。我喜欢时间灵活的工作。A. That all depends那还得看情况；B. It’s a pity真可惜；C. Not in the least一点也不；D. You can bet on that没错，当然。根据“I prefer one with flexible hours.”可知，对现在的工作一点也不满意。故选C。
30．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—I’ll enter the speech competition tomorrow.
—________.
A．Good luck B．With pleasure C．Congratulations D．Good idea
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我明天要参加演讲比赛。——祝你好运。A. Good luck祝你好运；B. With pleasure很乐意；C. Congratulations!祝贺你；D. Good idea好主意。结合语境可知，要祝福参赛的人，空格处应表达“祝你好运”，故用Good luck。故选A。
31．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—How is everything with you
—________.
A．Well, pretty good B．How do you do
C．No, I don’t think so D．And you
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你一切都好吗？ ——嗯，很好。A. Well, pretty good嗯，很好；B. How do you do你好；C. No, I don’t think so不，我不这么认为；D. And you那你呢。对方问是否一切都好，空格处应表达“很好”，故用Well, pretty good。故选A。
32．（2024·天津·一模）—What happened Your boss seems to ______.
—Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press
A．be over the moon B．laugh his head off
C．be all ears D．let off steam
【答案】D
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——发生了什么？你的老板似乎在发脾气。——你不知道他的秘书把秘密报告泄露给新闻界了吗？A. be over the moon非常高兴；B. laugh his head off狂笑，笑掉大牙；C. be all ears全神贯注地倾听；D. let off steam发泄怒气。根据上下文句意可知，此处为固定短语let off steam“发泄怒气”，满足句意要求。故选D项。
33．（2024·天津·一模）—I couldn’t think too highly of the Spirng Gala, where many advanced and popular elements are adopted to present the splendid stage effect.
“— ______. I had to stay in hospital the whole night due to a car accident and missed it.
A．Good luck B．I mean it
C．Just my luck D．By all means
【答案】C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我对春晚的评价不能再高了，它采用了许多先进和流行的元素来呈现精彩的舞台效果。——我真倒霉。因为一场车祸，我不得不在医院住了一晚上，错过了。A. Good luck好运；B. I mean it我是认真的；C. Just my luck真倒霉；D. By all means一定，务必。根据上下文句意可知，此处为固定短语Just my luck“真倒霉”，满足句意要求。故选C项。
34．（23-24高二下·天津·阶段练习）— William didn’t show up at the get-together last night.
—________ He’s always taking an active part in such activities.
A．Why not B．What for C．How come D．So what
【答案】C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——威廉没有出现在昨晚的聚会上。——怎么回事？他总是积极参加这样的活动。A. Why not为什么不呢；B. What for为什么，有什么用处；C. How come怎么回事；D. So what那又怎样。根据空后“He’s always taking an active part in such activities.”可知，威廉总是积极参加这样的活动而没有出现在昨晚的聚会上，此处是问怎么回事，故选C。
35．（2024·天津河东·一模）－How do you find this film. John
- ______.
A．I find it at the cinema B．By chance
C．Oh, very interesting D．No wonder
【答案】C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——约翰，你觉得这部电影怎么样？——哦，非常有趣！A. I find it at the cinema我在电影院里找到的；B. By chance偶然地；C. Oh, very interesting哦，非常有趣；D. No wonder怪不得。根据上文“How do you find this film. John (约翰，你觉得这部电影怎么样？)”可知此处在向约翰询问有关对电影的看法，C项“Oh, very interesting哦，非常有趣”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。
二、翻译
36．（23-24高三上·上海宝山·三模）在填写高考志愿时，如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时，你会怎样妥善处理？（agree）
【答案】While filling in the college entrance examination application, if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’, how would you like to solve it properly
【详解】
考查状语从句中的省略、状语从句和动词。表示“在填写高考志愿时”应为时间状语从句，引导词为while，表示“填写高考志愿”应为fill in the college entrance examination application，结合句意，该句描述的是动作在进行，从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词，所以从句可以省去“主语+be动词”，应译为while filling in the college entrance examination application，位于句首时，while的首字母需大写；表示“如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时”应为if引导的条件状语从句，表示“你的意见”应为your idea，表示“你的父母的意见”可以使用所有格形式your parents’，表示“相左”也就是“不一致”应为agree on的否定形式，结合句意可知，条件状语从句描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，主语your idea为第三人称单数，所以表示“不一致”应为doesn’t agree on，所以条件状语从句译为if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’；表示“你会怎样妥善处理”应为特殊疑问句，表示“怎样”应为how，表示“妥善处理”应为solve it properly，表示“你会……”应为you would like to do sth.，在疑问句中，将would提至主语之前，所以主句应译为how would you like to solve it properly。故翻译为While filling in the college entrance examination application, if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’, how would you like to solve it properly
37．（2024·上海长宁·一模）只有坚持理想和信念，并做好失败的准备，一切看起来不可能战胜的困难终将迎刃而解。(Only)
【答案】Only by holding our ideals and beliefs, and being prepared for failure can all the problems that seem to be unable to conquer be solved at last.
【详解】考查部分倒装。表示“只有做某事”应用only by doing，only+状语位于句首，句子应用部分倒装。表示“坚持理想和信念”应用hold our ideals and beliefs。表示“做好失败的准备”应用be prepared for failure。表示“能够”应用情态动词can。表示“一切困难”应用all the problems，表示“看起来不可能战胜的”应用定语从句，在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为problems，所以应用关系代词that，表示“看起来不可能战胜”应用seem to be unable to conquer。表示“解决”应用动词solve，和主语构成被动关系。表示“最终”应用at last。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为Only by holding our ideals and beliefs, and being prepared for failure can all the problems that seem to be unable to conquer be solved at last.
38．（2024·上海一模·）我们唯有充分利用时间、斗志昂扬， 才能开创美好未来。（Only)
【答案】Only by making full use of/making the most of time and being in high spirits / being eager(willing) to fight (struggle) can we create(develop/shape) a wonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright) future. (或者only when/if...)
【详解】考查倒装句，情态动词和短语。表示“唯有”应用only；表示“充分利用时间”应用making full use of/making the most of time；表示“斗志昂扬”应用being in high spirits / being eager(willing) to fight (struggle)；表示“开创”应用create(develop/shape)；表示“美好未来”可用wonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright) future。分析句意和提示可知，此句应用only来引导部分倒装的句型。可用only加状语/状语从句位于句首。故翻译为Only by making full use of/making the most of time and being in high spirits / being eager(willing) to fight (struggle) can we create(develop/shape) a wonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright) future. (或者only when/if...)。
39．（2024·上海·三模）这位忧心忡忡的母亲直到成功为她一周没吃过蔬菜的儿子在送餐应用上抢到了2公斤 卷心菜，才感到如释重负。(Not until …) （汉译英）
【答案】Not until this anxious/worried/concerned mother succeeded in ordering two kilograms of cabbage on the food-delivery app for her son, who hadn’t eaten vegetables for a week, did she feel relieved.
【详解】考查短语、时态、定语从句和倒装。not until直到……才……，位于句首，主句要部分倒装。 succeeded in doing sth.成功做某事； two kilograms of 两公斤； on the food-delivery app 在送餐应用上；for a week(持续)一星期。句中先行词为her son，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Not until this anxious/worried/concerned mother succeeded in ordering two kilograms of cabbage on the food-delivery app for her son, who hadn’t eaten vegetables for a week, did she feel relieved.
40．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？(there be)
【答案】I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by mistake/accident, so is there any possibility of withdrawing it
【详解】考查时态、固定短语、there be句型的一般疑问句式。表示“点击”含义的表达为：click (on)，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时；表示“刚刚”含义的表达为：just；表示“提交申请”含义的表达为：Submit Application；表示“不小心”含义的表达为：by mistake或by accident；表示“还有可能撤回吗？”含义的表达为：is there any possibility of withdrawing it ，该句为一般疑问句，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，用so连接，故翻译为：I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by mistake/accident, so is there any possibility of withdrawing it
试卷第1页，共3页特殊句式和情景交际（讲义）
目录
一 全部倒装
二 部分倒装
三 省略句
四 反意疑问句
五 强调句句型
六 情景交际的分类
七 易混交际用语辨析
八 高考模拟试题
最常见到的四种特殊句式：全部倒装、部分倒装、省略句和反意疑问句。
全部倒装
1. There be句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用live，exist，remain，stand等作谓语。例如：
(1) There are many students in the classroom.
(2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.
2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如：
Here comes the bus.
Out went the children.
3. 由then引起，谓语为come，follow的句子。例如：
(1) Then came a new difficulty.
(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
5. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如：
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
部分倒装
1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意：①在only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
Only when you have finished your homework（从句用正常语序） can you go to the cinema.
②only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.
2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子：
表示否定意义的副词never，nor，neither；xk;w
表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little；
含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不)，in no time(很快)，at no time(在任何时候都不)，not until, not only … but also...，no sooner...than
(1) Never shall I believe you again.
(2) Little did he know who the woman was.
(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 以so开头，用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。译作“也不是，也没有”。例如：
The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.
－I don’t think I can walk any further.
—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.
注意：当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况，译作“的确，正是”时，用正常语序。例如：
— Tom works hard.
— So he does and so do you.
4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should，had，可以把if省略，而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
例如：
If there should be a flood, what would we do
Should there be a flood, what would we do
5. 频度副词及短语often，always，now and then，many a time，every other day等放在句首时，有时也倒装。
例如：Many a time has he come to comfort me.
6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。 例如：May you succeed!
省略句
1. 如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动词，只保留分词和其他成分。例如：
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (Lost in thought为As he was lost in thought的省略)
2. 如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话，从句的句尾可省略。例如：
(1) Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).
(2) Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won’t (sweep the floor).
3. 在回答问句及其他形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号to，而把动词和其他部分省略。例如：
— I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat
— Not at all. I’d be happy to. (I’d be happy to后省略了look after your cat)
4. 在英语中，有一些特殊的省略结构，如：What/How about... Why not do... 等实际上已形成了习惯用法。例如：
— I usually go there by train.
— Why not try going by boat for a change
反意疑问句
反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式。
1、反意疑问句的一般情况
(1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone，everybody，someone，no one，nobody，somebody等时，其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they，强调个体也可用he。例如：
Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t he
Everyone knows what money means, doesn’t he/don’t they
(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this，that或these，those时，附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。
例如：This is important, isn’t it
These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they
(3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything，anything，nothing等时，附加问句中的主语用it。
例如：Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it
(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，如：never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，no，none， no one，rarely，nowhere，nothing，nobody，few，little等，附加问句一般用肯定式。
例如：She seldom goes to the cinema, does she
2、常见句型的反意疑问句
(1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时，其后的附加问句也用there。
There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow, won’t there
(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题：
①祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问部分只能用will you。
Don’t forget the meeting, will you xk,w
②祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。
Give me some cigarettes, will you/ won’t you
3、复合句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分是“I’m sure，I’m afraid，I don’t think (suppose，expect，imagine，believe等)+宾语从句”结构时，附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意陈述部
分的否定转移现象。
例如：
I’m sure that he is late for school, isn’t he
I don’t think she cares, does she
4、关于情态动词的反意疑问句
(1) 陈述部分中有have/had to，附加疑问句部分通常用do的相应形式代替。例如：
You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus, don’t you
(2) 陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must；陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。
例如：
You mustn’t walk on the grass, must you
You must be very thirsty, aren’t you （对想在情况的推测）
It must have snowed last night, didn’t it （对过去情况的推测）
(3) 陈述部分是I wish，表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。
例如：
I wish to see you again, may I
强调句句型
1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。
eg. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他撞见李萍是在昨天。
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
eg. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？
3. 强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
4. 注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that， who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that， who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was …… ，其余的时态用It is ……
not … until … 句型的强调句
句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
eg. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
注意：此句型只用until，不用till.
谓语动词的强调
It is/ was …… that …… 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did.
eg. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
情景交际的分类
社会交往
1.问候与应答
表示“问候”的常用语 常用应答语
Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. How do you do (初次见面) Nice to meet you. (初次见面) Nice to see you(熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇) 与问候语相同(对Nice to meet/see you的回 答还可以用Me, too.)
How are you (用于比较熟悉的人之间) A: How are you B: Fine, thank you. And you A: Very well, thank you.
①代向某人问候：Best wishes/regards to sb. give one’s wishes/regards to sb. give one’s best wishes/regards to sb. ②替某人向……问好：say “Hi/ Hello” to sb. from sb. Please remember me to... Please send my best regards to...
感谢与应答
表示“感谢”的常用语 常用应答语
Thank you very much./Many thanks./Thanks a lot.非常感谢您。(得到别人的帮助、礼物等) Thank you all/just the same./Thank you anyway. 还是要谢谢您。(没得到或不需要对方的帮助时) No, thank you./No, thanks. 不用了，谢谢您。(拒绝别人提供的帮助或物品时) That’s all right./It’s all right/Not at all./You’re welcome./Not problem.没什么/不客气。 Don’t mention it./It’s really nothing at all. 实在不值一提。 It’s a pleasure./(It’s)My pleasure. 这是我的荣幸。(别人得到你的帮助向你道谢时) I’m glad you like it. 很高兴您能喜欢它。(别人得到你的礼物道谢时)
道歉与应答
表示“道歉”的常用语 常用应答语
Sorry./Pardon./I beg your pardon.请原谅/很抱歉。 I am sorry for my being late.很抱歉，我来晚了。 Please forgive me for what I said to you. 请原谅我对你说的那些话。 Excuse me for my interruption.请原谅我的打扰。 I apologize to you for my rudeness. 我因我的粗鲁向你道歉。 That’s all right./It’s all right./That’s nothing./That’s OK./No problem.没关系。 Forget it./It doesn’t matter./It’s no big deal.没关系。
.邀请与应答
表示“邀请”的常用语 常用应答语
Would you like to...您愿意……吗？ Will/Would/Can/Could you come to... 您愿意来……吗？ Could/May I have the honor/pleasure of your coming to my birthday party 我能有幸邀请您来参加我的生日聚会吗？ We’ll be glad if you can come to my party. 如果你能来参加聚会的话，我会非常高兴的。 接受邀请 Yes, I’d love/be glad to.好的，我很愿意。 Yes, with pleasure.好的，非常荣幸。 All right.好的。 Sure, why not 当然，为什么不呢？ Sure. That’s a good idea.当然。好主意。 委婉拒绝 I’m sorry, but I can’t.真对不起，可是我不能呀！ I’d love to, but I won’t be free then. 我很愿意，不过那时我没空。 I’m afraid I can’t.恐怕不行。
祝贺(福、愿)与应答
表示“祝贺(福、愿)”的常用语 常用应答语
Good luck!祝你好运！ Best wishes to you.(给你)最美好的祝愿！ Congratulations!祝贺！ Well done!干得太棒了！ May you success/succeed!祝你成功！ Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!新年、圣诞快乐！ Happy birthday to you.祝你生日快乐！ Have a nice/good time/journey.祝你旅途愉快！ 视具体情况选用： Thank you! The same to you. You, too.

请求与应答
表示“请求”的常用语 常用应答语
May I have your permission to use your car 我可以用一下您的车吗？ Could I have a word with the manager 我可以和经理谈一下吗？ Do you mind if I smoke here 我抽烟你介意吗？ Would you mind me/my smoking here 我抽烟你介意吗？ 肯定 Yes./Sure./Certainly.行/当然可以。 Yes, (do)please./Go ahead, please.好，请吧。 That’s OK/all right.行/可以。 Of course, you may.你当然可以。 No, of course not./Certainly not./No, go ahead./Not at all.当然不介意。 No, go ahead(用来应答Do you mind if I…的请求) 否定 I’m sorry you can’t.抱歉，你不能。 I’m sorry，but you’d better not.抱歉，你最好别这样。
求助、提供帮助与应答
表示“求助、提供帮助”的常用语 常用应答语
Can you help me /Can you lend me a hand /Will you do me a favor 您能帮我吗？ I would feel much obliged if you can do me a favor.如果你肯帮忙的话，我会非常感激的。 With pleasure.非常乐意。
Can I help you /What can I do for you /Is there anything I can do for you /Would you like me to help you 需要(我)帮助吗？ If you don’t mind，I’ll carry the desk for you. 你要是不介意的话，我来为你搬桌子。 需要别人帮助时 Yes, please. 好的，请吧。 Thanks. That would be nice/fine./That’s kind of you. 谢谢。您太好了。 不需要别人帮助时 No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 不用了，谢谢。我自己能行。 Thank you all the same.还是要谢谢你。
劝告、建议与应答
表示“劝告、建议”的常用语 常用应答语
I advise you (not) to...我劝你…… You’d better (not)...你最好…… I suggest/recommend that you (should)...我建议你 Why not... 为什么不…… Why don’t you do... 干吗不…… How/What about doing... ……好不好？/……怎么样？ Shall we... 让我们……，好吗？ Let’s..., shall we 让我们……，好吗？ 肯定：Good idea. That’s great idea. That’s fine. Why not (That/It)Sounds great. Yes, I suppose so. 否定：I’d love to, but… It’s an idea, but… I’m afraid I can’t do that. I’m afraid I can’t follow your advice. That’s impossible, but thank you all the same.
态度、情感类
同意和不同意
表示“同意”的常用语 表示“不同意”的常用语
No problem.没问题。 That’s true/right.正确。/就是那样。 That’s a good idea./What a good idea!真是好主意。 Excellent!/That’s fine. /好极了。 All right./OK.行。 I totally agree./I couldn’t agree with you more. 我完全同意。 Of course!当然可以！ It’s up to you.由你定。 No, I don’t think so.不，我觉得不是这样。 Do you think so 你这样认为吗？ No way.绝不可能/没门。 I’m afraid I really can’t agree with you. 恐怕我真的不敢苟同你的观点。 It is not proper for you to say so. 你这样说是不合适的。 I can’t agree with everything you’ve said. 我不完全同意你的观点。 It depends.看情况而定。
鼓励和安慰
表示“鼓励”的常用语 表示“安慰”的常用语
Well done!干得好！ You can do it.你能行。 You’ll make it.你会成功的。 Just have a try.试一下。 Do be confident.务必自信。 Come on!/Cheer up!/Keep trying! 来吧/加油/继续努力！ —We’ve missed the train！ —Never mind，there’ll be another in ten minutes. “我们没赶上火车！”“别担心，过十分钟还有一班。” Don’t worry(No worry).不要担忧(不急)。 Don’t feel so nervous.不要紧张。 Take your time.慢慢来。 Take it easy，everything will turn fine. 不要紧张，一切会变好的。
同情(遗憾)
表示“同情(遗憾)”的常用语
Please accept my deep sympathy.请接受我深切的慰问。 You must be disappointed.你一定很失望。 You must be feeling very sad.你一定感觉很难过。 It must be hard for you.对你来说太难以忍受。 Oh, that’s such hard luck!哦，运气真是不好！Bad luck! 倒霉！不走运！ What a pity/shame! 多么可惜！ It’s regrettable that...令人遗憾的是……。 It’s unfortunate that...不幸的是……。
惊奇
表示“惊奇”的常用语
Really 真的吗？ Is that so 真的是这样的吗？ 是那样吗？ How come 怎么会这样？ Dear me哎呀(表示惊讶) Oh, dear!/Good heavens!/Goodness!/My God! 我的天哪/我的上帝！
易混交际用语辨析
第一组
Come on. 来! 快! 得了! 除表示催促外，还表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等。
Hurry up！ 赶紧！快点！ 表示催促对方快点行动。
What’s up 怎么啦？ 发生什么事了？ 表示关心、好奇。
第二组
It’s my/a pleasure. =My pleasure =A pleasure. 不用谢；没关系；这是我乐意做的。 是我的荣幸。 对对方感谢时的回答。
With pleasure. 当然可以；愿意效劳。 类似的答语还有： All right, OK, No problem, I’d like to, Certainly等 用于对别人的请求表示乐意去做的场合。
第三组
What’s up 怎么了/有什么事吗？ 有何贵干？ 表示关心或关注。
What if… 如果(假如)……将会怎么样？ ＝What will or would happen if …
So what 那又怎么样？ 表示无所谓的态度。
How come 怎么回事？ 怎么搞的？ 为什么？ 怎么会这样？ 通常用在你觉得奇怪而问问什么的时候。当你不愿意回答别人的某个问题时也可说How come 意思是“Why do you ask that It’s none of your business.”
How so 为什么(会是这样呢) 为什么(这么说) 表示惊异、纳闷、不理解等。
第四组
All right. 好；行；可以。 用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请。
That’s all right. ①不用谢；别客气； ②没关系；不介意； ③可以，没有问题。 ①对别人致谢的回答。=That’s OK./Not at all. /You are welcome； ②对别人致歉时的答语=It doesn’t matter/Never mind； ③在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑情况时常用。
That is right. 正确；对。 用于表示对某事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用right作答。
第五组
Take it easy. 慢点；放松些；沉住气；别紧张；慢慢来。 表示安慰对方“不要过度紧张”。
Take your time. 别着急；慢慢来。 表示允许对方“慢慢做，不用着急”。
第六组
That’s something. 太好了；太棒了。 向他人表示祝贺。
That’s (not)the case. 情况就是(不是)这样的。 相当于(Not)Exactly“正是(并非)如此”的意思。
第七组
Got it. 明白啦。 对别人的提醒或吩咐的应答。
Made it. 成功。成功做成……。 表示某人事业获得成功。 表示某人做成某事。
较为陌生的交际用语
交际用语 表达意义
I couldn’t agree less. 我绝对/完全不同意。与“I couldn’t agree more”意义相反。
Mind your own business. 这不用你管! 你少管闲事! 这关你什么事
I can’t help it. ①表示帮不上忙：我也没办法/这不是我的错。 ②表示控制不住某种情感或思想等：我控制不住/我忍不住/我没法不……。
It can’t be helped. 没有办法或帮不上忙：无可挽回/这是无法避免的/实在没办法/只好这样。
It’s /was nothing. ①用来回答感谢或类似于感谢的句子：没什么/不用谢/这不算什么。 ②用来回答称赞：不行/不好/不算什么/不好意思。 ③用来回答道歉：没什么/没关系。
Same here. 我也一样/这里也一样。
It’s a real bargain. 真便宜。便宜货。划得来的交易。
It’s a deal. 成交。一言为定。
It’s no big deal. 没什么大不了的。没什么大不了的事。
谚语和俗语
More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。 A watched pot never boils心急吃不了热豆腐。
Constant dripping wears away the stone.滴水穿石。 Time lost cannot be recalled.光阴一去不复返。
Lost time is never found again.时不再来。 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。
It’s never too late to mend.改过迁善从不嫌晚(亡羊补牢，未为迟也)。
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。
A roaring lion kills no game.空谈不如行动。 To stand still is to move back.逆水行舟，不进则退。
An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 Every minute counts.分秒必争。
A good beginning makes a good ending.善始才有善终。 Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。
Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 A rising tide lifts all boats.水涨众船高。
Many hands make light work.众人搭柴火焰高。 Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
An old pan is the one that makes good food.姜还是老的辣。
Cheerful company shortens the miles旅有好旅伴，不觉行程远。
Lookers-on see most of the game.旁观者清。
A bad workman always blames his tools.拙匠总怪工具差。
The best fish are/swim near the bottom.好鱼居水底(有价值的东西不能轻易得到)。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作/学习不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.
领马河边易，逼马饮水难(不要逼人做不愿做的事)。
All that dogs bark at are not thieves./All are not thieves that dogs bark at.狗吠者未必是贼(勿以貌取人)。
It is a good horse that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.良马会失蹄，贤妻有牢骚。
Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石(自己有弱点，勿揭他人短)。
Nothing brave, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Where there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望(留得青山在，不怕没柴烧)。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳(一次上当，下次小心)。
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。
As the tree, so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
He that corrects not small faults will not control great ones.小错不纠，大错难控。
Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.无风不起浪。
If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, try again.再接再厉，终会成功。
Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。
East or west, home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。
You cannot have your cake and eat it too.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。
A little pot is soon hot量小易怒。 Forgive and forget既往不咎。
The world is your oyster.你可随心所欲了。 It really costs me an arm and a leg。真太贵了。
It really gets on my nerves心神不宁。 It beats my brains out绞尽脑汁。
It pulls my legs开玩笑，愚弄我。 be the apple of their eye掌上明珠
have their feet of clay有弱点 be in the red有债务，赤字
be green with envy羡慕嫉妒 kill the fatted calf设宴欢迎/款待
have egg on your face丢脸 wash your hands off撒手不管
get down off your high horse别摆架子，省省吧。 a Jekyll and Hyde existence过双重人格的生活
give sb. a cold shoulder对某人很不屑(没有好脸色)，让某人吃闭门羹
a wet blanket扫兴的人或物 a green finger新手
a black sheep害群之马 a fat cat有钱有势的人
a bad apple坏人 a hard/tough nut难对付的人
an early bird早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人) a lucky dog幸运儿
a piece of cake小菜一碟，易事一件 child’s play小儿科、轻而易举
as easy as pie小事一桩 a cup of tea小意思
a hard nut to crack很棘手的事情 a David and Goliath battle强弱悬殊，以弱战强
a catch-22 situation用来形容任何自相矛盾、不合逻辑的规定或条件所造成的无法摆脱的困境、难以逾越的障碍，表示人们处于左右为难的境地，或者是一件事陷入了死循环，或者跌进逻辑陷阱等等。
a Pandora’s box“潘多拉的盒子”被用来比喻造成灾害的根源
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·山东·三模）It was ________ 11th December ________ Xu Chengcheng got the first prize in National English Speech Competition.
A．in; when B．in; that C．on; when D．on; that
2．（2024·山东·三模）There ______ an English Evening next Tuesday.
A．was B．will be C．will have D．is going to have
3．（2024·山东·三模）I______ come here yesterday. I just stood here.
A．do B．does C．did D．done
4．（2024·山东泰安·一模）— ________ into the night sky spelling the message “One World One Family”. We were very excited about it.
— Yeah. As a Chinese we were proud of it.
A．Up went the fireworks B．Went up the fireworks
C．Up did the fireworks go D．Up the fireworks went
5．（23-24·上海·三模）________ in the future to bridge the gender gap and diversity in the scientific field
A．Do you suggest what we can do B．What do you suggest that we should do
C．Do you suggest what can we do D．What do you suggest we do
6．（2024·甘肃兰州·三模）It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins.
A．that; buried B．when; buried
C．that; burying D．when; burying
7．（23-24·上海二模）The local government announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes.
A．the residents would be allowed B．had the residents been allowed
C．would the residents be allowed D．the residents had been allowed
8．（2024·上海·二模）________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A．Unpopular as has white been B．As unpopular white has been
C．As white has been unpopular D．Unpopular as white has been
9．（2024山东一模）________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A．So anxious were the couple B．So curious were the couple
C．Such eager the couple were D．The couple were such curious
10．（2024·广东·三模）________that it was already the fourth time that he _________abroad.
A．So lucky was he; traveled B．So lucky he was; traveled
C．So lucky was he; had traveled D．So lucky he was; had traveled
11．（2024·天津二模）—How’s the project going
—_________. All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.
A．Easy come easy go B．Far from it C．It just depends D．So far so good
12．（2024·天津河北·二模）— Did Bob keep working on that math problem even after we left
— ______. He stayed back and managed to solve it late into the night.
A．You’re kidding B．That’s it C．That’s all right D．Go ahead
13．（2024·天津南开·二模）—Tony, you’ve been accepted into our club.
—_________ That’s great.
A．Good idea! B．Congratulations! C．Have I D．Pardon
14．（2024·天津南开·二模）—Why are you always late
—_________ I’ve never delayed work.
A．So what B．Why not C．What for D．Why me
15．（2024·天津·二模）—Did you have a wonderful time in Hainan last week
—______. It was extremely hot and the food there didn’t suit me.
A．That’s right B．I couldn’t agree more C．Not really D．Very good
16．（2024·天津和平·二模）— Is your baby any better now
—_______. She just ate too much and brought up all the things she ate.
A．Nothing serious B．Nothing special. C．Nothing else D．Nothing better
17．（2024·天津和平·二模）—Should we go hiking in the mountains this weekend
—The weather forecast doesn’t look good. _______ and plan an indoor activity instead.
A．Better play it safe B．It’s better than nothing
C．I can’t agree more D．Take it easy
18．（2024·天津河东·二模）—I’m wondering if Linda will agree to our plan.
—________
A．I’m afraid so. B．Leave me alone.
C．It doesn’t hurt to ask. D．Sure, it is!
19．（2024·天津河东·二模）—Dad, will you help me through the work please
—________
A．Come on! B．You have my word.
C．You must be kidding. D．Cheer up!
20．（2024·天津·二模）— I’ll never understand physics. It’s so complicated!
— __________. With effort and patience, you can definitely master it!
A．Never say never B．Hard to say C．No wonder D．Never mind
21．（2024·天津·二模）—I heard John spent all his savings on that fancy car!
— __________. That’s not like him at all.
A．You can’t be serious! B．Congratulations to him!
C．I’m happy for him. D．That’s a good investment.
22．（2024·天津·一模）— Are you going to have your essay published
—______ It’s too good an opportunity to miss.
A．No problem! B．You bet. C．What for D．Why bother
23．（2024·天津·一模）— Skipping breakfast is a good way to lose weight.
—______. Actually it has the opposite effect.
A．I can’t agree more B．That’s not the case
C．That’s it D．I’m glad to know that
24．（2024·山东济南·二模）— Would you please go out for a walk with me
— ______, but I’m too busy at that moment.
A．That’s right B．Of course not C．I’d like to D．With pleasure
25．（2024·天津·二模）—Do you know who designed the mascots of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou
—______. Zhang Wen, a teacher of China Academy of Art.
A．You got me there B．Hold your horses
C．You bet D．You have a point there
26．（2024·天津河西·三模）—I’m afraid I can’t pass the English exam.
— ______. It can’t be as difficult as you expected.
A．Not to worry B．Take your time
C．That’s right D．I have no idea
27．（2024·天津·二模）—Do you think you will be able to finish your term paper by this weekend
—_______. I am occupied with experiments these days.
A．Not a little B．No wonder C．Not a chance D．Not to mention it
28．（2024·天津南开·一模）—Why don’t we go to a movie
—________
A．I’m game. B．What’s up C．What a relief! D．I really envy you.
29．（2024·天津红桥·一模）—Are you content with your present job
-—______. I prefer one with flexible hours.
A．That all depends B．It’s a pity C．Not in the least D．You can bet on that
30．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—I’ll enter the speech competition tomorrow.
—________.
A．Good luck B．With pleasure C．Congratulations D．Good idea
31．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—How is everything with you
—________.
A．Well, pretty good B．How do you do
C．No, I don’t think so D．And you
32．（2024·天津·一模）—What happened Your boss seems to ______.
—Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press
A．be over the moon B．laugh his head off
C．be all ears D．let off steam
33．（2024·天津·一模）—I couldn’t think too highly of the Spirng Gala, where many advanced and popular elements are adopted to present the splendid stage effect.
“— ______. I had to stay in hospital the whole night due to a car accident and missed it.
A．Good luck B．I mean it
C．Just my luck D．By all means
34．（23-24高二下·天津·阶段练习）— William didn’t show up at the get-together last night.
—________ He’s always taking an active part in such activities.
A．Why not B．What for C．How come D．So what
35．（2024·天津河东·一模）－How do you find this film. John
- ______.
A．I find it at the cinema B．By chance
C．Oh, very interesting D．No wonder
二、翻译
36．（23-24高三上·上海宝山·三模）在填写高考志愿时，如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时，你会怎样妥善处理？（agree）
37．（2024·上海长宁·一模）只有坚持理想和信念，并做好失败的准备，一切看起来不可能战胜的困难终将迎刃而解。(Only)
38．（2024·上海一模·）我们唯有充分利用时间、斗志昂扬， 才能开创美好未来。（Only)
39．（2024·上海·三模）这位忧心忡忡的母亲直到成功为她一周没吃过蔬菜的儿子在送餐应用上抢到了2公斤 卷心菜，才感到如释重负。(Not until …) （汉译英）
40．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？(there be)
试卷第1页，共3页语法综合测试（一）
时间 ：90分钟 满分：100分
语法填空(所给词的适当形式填空)（每题1分，共100小题）
1．According to Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata, across Africa, all giraffe populations (decline) by over 70 percent in the past 20 years from 36,000 to less than 9,000 today.
【答案】have declined
【详解】考查动态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata的数据，在整个非洲，长颈鹿的数量在过去的20年里减少了70%以上，从36000只减少到现在的不到9000只。decline(减少，下降)是句中谓语动词，与主语giraffe populations之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语in the past 20 years，描述从过去开始持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，复数形式。故填have declined。
2．Chang Shana, an outstanding designer and educator in China, was just 13 when her love affair with Dunhuang (begin).
【答案】began
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：中国杰出的设计师和教育家常莎娜13岁时就爱上了敦煌。根据上文“was just 13 when her love affair with Dunhuang”可知用一般过去时。故填began。
3．Young athletes (wear) sports clothing bearing Chinese elements, such as dragons and pandas.
【答案】wore
【详解】考查时态。句意：年轻的运动员穿着带有中国元素的运动服，比如龙和熊猫。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式wore，故填wore。
4．In the past decades, with the rapid development of science and technology, our daily life (change) a lot.
【答案】has changed
【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，随着科学技术的飞速发展，我们的日常生活改变了很多。根据本句的时间状语in the past decades可知，该句子应该用现在完成时。故填has changed。
5．The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people.
【答案】had contacted
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当主人到达挤满了人的酒吧时，他已经提前和我联系了。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合该句时间状语by the time he reached…可知，此处应为过去完成时。故填had contacted。
6．The 25- year- old lady, who from Princeton University Law School, has many novel ideas. After , she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. (graduate)
【答案】 graduated graduation
【详解】考查一般过去时和名词。句意：这位25岁的女士毕业于普林斯顿大学法学院，她有很多新奇的想法。毕业后，她打工帮助兄弟姐妹支付学费。第一空是定语从句的谓语部分，且从句是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；第二空用名词作After的宾语，graduation“毕业”，不可数名词，故填①graduated；②graduation。
7．Between rows of trees (stand) a new building, which is supposed to be our new library.
【答案】stands
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：在一排排树之间矗立着一座新建筑，它应该是我们的新图书馆。分析句子可知，句子为完全倒装句，句子的主语为a new building，空处应为谓语动词，由is supposed to可知，句子应用一般现在时，单数名词作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填stands。
8．At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
【答案】lies
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：山顶上有一座古老的小屋，从那里可以看到整个城市的美景。分析可知，本句为地点状语置于句首的全部倒装句，空处为主句谓语动词，根据后文has可知，此处为一般现在时。主语an old cottage是单数，主谓一致，故填lies。
9．My husband is always talking about the economy, but I’d rather he (focus) more on our children’s education.
【答案】focused
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我丈夫总是谈论经济，但我宁愿他多关注一下我们孩子的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处应为“would rather+从句”结构，从句中的谓语动词通常使用虚拟语气，根据并列句的谓语动词is always talking可知，此处表示的是现在的情况，所以谓语动词应使用一般过去时，focus与句子主语he之间为主动关系。故填focused。
10．Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually (reveal) the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations.
【答案】reveals
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：研究蜻蜓在飞行过程中保持稳定的方式，实际上揭示了它们用来摆脱棘手情况的技术。设空处在句中作谓语；分析句子可知，that dragonflies remain stable during flight为定语从句，修饰way，主句的主语是Investigating the way，为动名词短语作主语，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词reveal用第三人称单数形式。故填reveals。
11．Wang Jing, a woman from Shenyang city, Liaoning province in northeast China, (engage) in this novel art form for 27 years.
【答案】has engaged/has been engaging
【详解】考查主谓一致和现在完成时或现在完成进行时。句意：来自中国东北辽宁省沈阳市的王静女士已经从事这一新颖的艺术形式27年了。根据“for 27 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，也可以理解为动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并在将来的某段时间里仍将继续，所以应用现在完成进行时。主语为第三人称单数。动词短语engage in意为“从事”。故填has engaged/has been engaging。
12．It is the second time in a row that Suzhou (top) the ranking.
【答案】has topped
【详解】考查动词时态和固定句型。句意：这是苏州连续第二次荣登榜首。观察句子可知，这是固定句型：It’s+序数词+time+that+从句，从句中要用现在完成时，主语Suzhou为单数形式，助动词用has。故填has topped。
13．The World Health Organization warns that millions of people (suffer) from indoor air pollution at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves at home.
【答案】are suffering
【详解】考查时态。句意：世界卫生组织警告说，目前有数百万人遭受室内空气污染，这是由于在家里使用危险燃料和炉灶造成的。根据时间状语“at the present time”此句描述的事情正在发生，谓语动词应该使用现在进行时，主语millions of people为复数意义，故填are suffering。
14．These beautiful black faced spoonbills are some of the world's rarest birds. The birds (fly) all the way from their summer home to this wetland, where they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land.
【答案】have flown
【详解】考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意：这些美丽的黑脸琵鹭是世界上最稀有的鸟类之一。这些鸟从它们夏天的家一路飞到这片湿地，它们将在这里过冬。现在，它们盘旋着陆。所给动词fly在句中作谓语，根据“this wetland”及“where they will spend the winter”可知，这种鸟现在已到达此地，将在此地过冬，由此可知，该空应使用现在完成时态，主语为复数名词，助动词使用复数形式。故填have flown。
15．Not only are tea- related customs found across the country, but also they (influence) the rest of the world since ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.
【答案】have influenced/have been influencing
【详解】考查现在完成（进行）时。句意：与茶有关的习俗不仅遍布全国，而且自古以来就通过古丝绸之路和贸易路线影响着世界其他地区。根据since ancient times可知句子用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍会持续下去，主语they表示复数意义，故填have influenced/have been influencing。
16．I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.
【答案】was searching
【详解】考查时态。句意：我正在网上搜索相关信息时，手机响了。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，再根据句意和when my cellphone rang可知，这里谓语动词用过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的动作，be doing sth. when...表“正在做某事，正在那时……”，为固定句型。故填was searching。
17．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I (have)time，I would certainly go to the movies with you.
【答案】had
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。如果我有时间，我一定会和你一起去看电影。根据语境和句子结构分析，此句为虚拟语气句子，根据I am too busy now，可知此句是对现在的虚拟，句子从句用一般过去时，主句用would/could/should/might+do。故填had。
18．Then relatively thinner sugar is added to support the outline and fill in the figure of the body in a combination of zig-zags or other patterns, supported by a wooden stick. “Painting” artistic pieces from melted sugar (differ) from regular painting.
【答案】differs
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然后加入相对较薄的糖来支撑轮廓，并在一根木棍的支撑下，以锯齿或其他图案的组合填充身体的图形。用融化的糖制成的“绘画”艺术作品不同于普通的绘画。根据句意以及上一句动词is可知，此处为陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为“Painting” artistic pieces from melted sugar为动名词短语，谓语用三单形式。故填differs。
19．He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his business (operate) in China for 10 years.
【答案】has been operating/has operated
【详解】考查时态。句意：他提到，中国市场对玉石产品很重要，他的生意已经在中国经营了10年。根据句意以及后面的时间状语for 10 years可知，此处应用现在完成进行时态或者现在完成时。故填has been operating/has operated。
20．The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).
【答案】featured
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
21．Among his impressive consideration (be) Harvard, Stanford, and MIT.
【答案】are
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：哈佛大学、斯坦福大学和麻省理工学院都是他令人印象深刻的考虑对象。根据上下句时态可知，本句描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，分析句子结构可知，本句为全部倒装句，主语是Harvard, Stanford, and MIT，be动词应用are。故填are。
22．Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer (be) the Sami people, who made this territory their home. In 1909, to keep the land’s natural state, the government made Sarek a national park.
【答案】were
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：很快，驯鹿开始到达。跟随驯鹿的是萨米人，他们把这片土地作为自己的家园。1909年，为了保持这片土地的自然状态，政府将沙瑞克定为国家公园。分析句子可知，此处为完全倒装的主谓一致，谓语的数应和后面的主语Sami people一致，为动词复数形式，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为一般过去时。故填were。
23．They broke my windows and (threat) me.
【答案】threatened【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他们打破我的窗户并且威胁我。分析句子可知，空处应为动词，与“broke”并列作谓语，故应为过去式；threaten为动词，表示“威胁”，符合句意。故填threatened。
24．I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time.
【答案】threw
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。
25．It (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body.
【答案】impacts
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它影响下半身的正常形成。分析句子可知，impact作谓语，it指代上文提到的CRS，主语和谓语之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述事实用一般现在时，故填impacts。
26．I decided to volunteer for this year’s half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee (visit) my school.
【答案】visited
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在组委会主席参观我的学校后，我决定志愿参加今年的半程马拉松比赛。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填visited。
27．In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners.
【答案】were produced
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知，主句为一般过去时，主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。
28．This device, however (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature.
【答案】uses
【详解】考查时态。句意：然而，这一设备使用了一个热电发电机，利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语，为单数，与谓语动词use之间为主动关系，且根据后文的creates可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填uses。
29． Next year, after graduating from college, I (have) a job teaching English.
【答案】will have/am going to have
【详解】考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。
30．Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to people who (break) these rules.
【答案】broke
【详解】考查时态。句意：专家们说，这些文本可以证明公元前三世纪的政府对违反这些规则的人施以残酷的惩罚。分析句子可知，定语从句中缺少谓语动词。根据句中时间状语in the third century BC可知，发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填broke。
31．Citizen scientists are called to help researchers look through the tens of thousands of photos taken by cameras (place) in strategic spots throughout the sites.
【答案】placed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：公民科学家被呼吁帮助研究人员查看由放置在各个地点的重要位置的摄像机拍摄的数万张照片。“(place) in strategic spots”作后置定语，place(放置)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语cameras之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填placed。
32．One agency, (base) in Woodbridge, is expected to receive $1. 5 million.
【答案】based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一家机构，总部在Woodbridge，预计将获得150万美元。分析句子可知，“____ (base) in Woodbridge”作定语，主语One agency与动词base是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词，故填based。
33．She applied the classic patterns to her own modern designs in a creative way after conducting research into the variety of patterns (find) on the murals (壁画).
【答案】found
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对壁画上的各种图案进行了研究，并创造性地将这些经典图案运用到自己的现代设计中。分析句子结构可知find在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语patterns构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填found。
34．I learned this while (take) care of a seagull unfortunate enough to swallow a hook.
【答案】taking
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：我学到以上这些是在我照看一只不够走运吞了挂钩的海鸥期间。while引导从句的主语与主句主语一致，为I，I与take care of之间为主动关系，还原完整的主谓结构应为“while I was taking care of …”, 从句中主语与be动词可以省略，其省略形式为“while taking care of…”。故填taking。
35．Are the worms hurt by (eat) plastic
【答案】eating
【详解】考查动名词。句意：黄粉虫是否会因为进食塑料而受害呢？设空处在介词by的后面，应用动名词做介词宾语。故填eating。
36． (engage) myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, where the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape.
【答案】To engage
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了融入当地的工业氛围，我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店，在这里，先进的制造业与自然美景的共存最为明显，因为它坐落在风景秀丽的湖边，周围环绕着充满活力的景观。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。句首字母大写，故填To engage。
37．One agency, based in Woodbridge, is expected (receive) $1. 5 million.
【答案】to receive
【详解】考查不定式。句意：一家位于伍德布里奇(Woodbridge)的机构预计将获得150万美元。be expected to do sth.“被预计……”，用不定式作主语补足语，故填to receive。
38．To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks (identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites.
【答案】to identify
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更好地了解这里的野生动物，肯尼亚野生观察组织试图识别和追踪保护区的长颈鹿。seek to do是固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to identify。
39．Eager to show their personalities to the world, young people find national identity a good way to distinguish themselves from others, and culture is the perfect medium (explain) why young people are passionate about traditional culture.
【答案】to explain
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻人渴望向世界展示自己的个性，他们发现国家身份是区分自己和他人的好方法，而文化是解释为什么年轻人对传统文化充满热情的完美媒介。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词medium。故填to explain。
40．According to a report on the traditional culture trend in 2021, (release) on Feb. 3 by Bilibili, an online video-sharing platform popular among younger people, more than 177 million of the platform’s users were in favor of videos featuring traditional culture.
【答案】released
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在年轻人中很受欢迎的在线视频分享平台哔哩哔哩2月3日发布的2021年传统文化趋势报告显示，该平台超过1.77亿用户喜欢传统文化视频。句中谓语是were，空格处用非谓语动词，report和release之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动，作后置定语。故填released。
41．They declared that clothes ( make) of it can be used to transform the temperature of the human body into electrical energy, which can drive electronic devices.
【答案】made
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们宣称，用它制作的衣服可以用来将人体的温度转化为电能，从而驱动电子设备。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个过去分词用来作定语修饰前面的名词clothes。故填made。
42．I was incredibly fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing, both of which left me fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly (long) to explore further.
【答案】longing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我非常幸运地穿越了苏州和南京，这两个城市都让我着迷于它们真正令人印象深刻的地方，并渴望进一步探索。动词left后接复合宾语，动词long和宾语me之间是主动关系，应用其现在分词作宾语补足语。故填longing。
43．Marine scientists also study how waves and currents affect organisms (live)in the oceans.
【答案】living
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海洋科学家还研究波浪和洋流如何影响生活在海洋中的生物。分析句子结构可知，study后为宾语从句，该从句谓语是affect，故空格处在从句中为非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰名词organisms(生物)，organisms与live(生活)是主动关系，故为现在分词living。故答案为living。
44．They’re exceptional examples of a building tradition and function (represent) a particular type of group living and defensive organization in a harmonious relationship with their environment.
【答案】representing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是建筑传统和功能的特殊例子，代表了一种特定类型的群体生活和防御组织，与他们的环境保持着和谐的关系。分析句子结构可知，此处使用非谓语动词，a building tradition and function与represent“代表”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示主动，作后置定语。故填representing。
45．Keen for their sons and daughters to succeed in life, they see (be) fluent in a second or third language as an advantage.
【答案】being
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：出于对子女成功人生的渴望，他们认为精通第二或第三语言是一大优势。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用动名词，故填being。
46． (nail) the two shelves together, she wiped away the sweat and had a rest.
【答案】Having nailed
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：把两个架子钉在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一会儿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，nail与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词wiped之前，所以此处使用现在分词的完成式，即having nailed，且位于句首，having的首字母需大写。故填Having nailed。
47．It was really cold outside, but Jethro stayed indoors (wrap) in a warm blanket (毯子) and drinking hot chocolate.
【答案】wrapped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：外面真的很冷，但叶忒罗裹着温暖的毯子呆在家里，喝着热巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语be wrapped in表示“被包裹在”，wrap和Jethro逻辑上是被动关系，应用wrap的过去分词形式，和drinking并列，作方式状语，说明谓语行为发生的方式。故填wrapped。
48．Only in retrospect (回顾) did the value of appreciating a movie without judging, (accompany) by the joy of sharing become self-evident to me.
【答案】accompanied
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有回顾时，不加评判地欣赏一部电影，伴随着分享的喜悦，这种价值对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒装，已有谓语动词，空处是非谓语动词，accompany“伴随”和the value of appreciating a movie逻辑上是被动关系，应用accompany的过去分词形式，作定语。故填accompanied。
49．Generally, working as a nurse is (demand), which demands of nurses (be) caring and patient.
【答案】 demanding to be
【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意：一般来说，护士的工作要求很高，这就要求护士要有爱心和耐心。第一空使用形容词demanding“要求高的”作表语；demand of sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，固定短语。故填①demanding；②to be。
50．Some farmers would like to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling (provide) better education for their children.
【答案】to provide
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：一些农民想离开家乡到城市工作，努力为他们的孩子提供更好的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语，根据struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”可知，此处应为动词不定式作宾语。故填to struggle。
51．The of the students look forward to in English because English can find a job easily. (major)
【答案】 majority majoring majors
【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意：大多数学生都希望主修英语，因为英语专业的学生很容易找到工作。分析句子结构可知，第一空为固定短语the majority of意为“大多数……”所以第一空为major的名词majority；第二空为非谓语动词作宾语，根据look forward to中的to为介词可知，此处应为动名词形式作宾语，所以第二空应为majoring；第三空为名词作主语，结合句意可知，此处指的是“英语专业的学生”，分析句子结构可知，此处使用名词作主语，空前无限定词，所以使用名词复数形式majors表示泛指，意为“主修学生”，第三空应为majors。故填①majority；②majoring；③majors。
52．He made a mistake, (ruin) his chance of going abroad.
【答案】ruining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他犯了一个错误，失去了出国的机会。ruin的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填ruining。
53． (trap) in a net around the rock，the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air.
【答案】Trapped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这只海豚被困在岩石周围的网中，无法游上去呼吸空气。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语动词，the dolphin与trap为被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，位于句首时，首字母应大写。故填Trapped。
54．Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, (damage) a nerve in my hand.
【答案】damaging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一次，我在梁上玩某种把戏时，摔倒在石头上，伤了手上的神经。damage的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作结果状语，故填damaging。
55．Up to now food and water (deliver) to the disaster -stricken area, where many people (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help.
【答案】 have been delivered surviving
【详解】考查动词语态、非谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，食物和水已经送到了受灾地区，那里的许多幸存者迫切需要帮助。①处为主句谓语，由Up to now可知，句子用现在完成时，主语food and water与deliver“递送，运载”为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。where引导的定语从句的系动词为are，②处为非谓语动词，且people与survive“幸存”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰people。故填①have been delivered ②surviving。
56．To win an honour for his country, he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race, (set) a good example to others.
【答案】setting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了为国家赢得荣誉，即使在比赛中受伤，他也没有放弃，为其他人树立了好榜样。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，set“树立”和he逻辑上是主动关系，应用set的现在分词形式，作结果状语。故填setting。
57．Two fifths of the buildings (destroy) in the earthquake last weekend, (leave) the whole world shocked.
【答案】 were destroyed leaving
【详解】考查时态语态和非谓语。句意：五分之二的建筑在上周末的地震中被毁，全世界都震惊了。分析句子可知，第一空考查谓语动词，主语Two fifths of the buildings，为复数，与destroy为被动关系，再由last weekend可知，这里应用一般过去时的被动语态；第二空考查非谓语，前面句子和leave为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填were destroyed；leaving。
58．Life isn’t about how (survive) the storm; it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
【答案】to survive
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存；而是要学会在雨中舞蹈。分析句子可知，这里考查特殊疑问词加to do的结构，在本句中作介词后宾语。故填to survive。
59．Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the (affect) areas.
【答案】affected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大量捐款涌入受灾地区。本句谓语为have been flooding，此处为非谓语动词，且areas与affect“影响，侵袭”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语，修饰areas。故填affected。
60．Yesterday,I climbed the mountain top to the fresh air. Although I became when I was on the top,the of fresh air was worth it. (breath)
【答案】 breathe breathless breath
【详解】考查动词、形容词和名词。句意：昨天，我爬上山顶呼吸新鲜空气。虽然在山顶上我气喘吁吁的，但呼吸新鲜空气是值得的。第一个空需填入动词构成动词不定式作状语，即breathe；第二个空需填入形容词作表语，表示“气喘吁吁的”，即breathless；第三个空需填名词作主语，表示“呼吸”，即breath，由was可知，应填breath。故填①breathe；②breathless；③breath。
61．My aim is (try) out for a talent show to prove that even a person with no arms is capable of playing the piano.
【答案】to try
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我的目标是参加一场才艺表演，以证明即使是没有手臂的人也有能力弹钢琴。分析句子可知，空处应用不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。故填to try。
62．These mountains are a splendid sight when (view) from the valley floor.
【答案】viewed
【详解】考查省略句。句意：从谷底往下看，这些山是一幅壮丽的景色。在when引导的时间状语从句中，主语和主句相同，可以省略从句的主语和系动词。动词view意为“观看”，和主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填viewed。
63．Frank turned away, (pretend) not to notice me, and hurried away.
【答案】pretending
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：弗兰克转过身去，假装没看见我，匆匆走开了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，pretend与逻辑主语Frank之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填pretending。
64．I used in Beijing, but now I have got used to in the small town. (live)
【答案】 to live living
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去住在北京，但现在我已经习惯了住在小镇上。根据句意及英文提示可知，①处使用固定短语used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，用ive的不定式，作宾语。②处使用固定短语get used to doing sth.“习惯做某事”，用ive的动名词，作宾语。故填①to live ②living。
65．You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance, which makes it easy for you (adapt)to the new life in Beijing.
【答案】to adapt
【详解】考查不定式。句意：你最好提前掌握一些基础汉语，这会让你更容易适应在北京的新生活。分析句子结构，make +it +形容词+for sb to do为固定短语，含义为“某人做某事是……的”，所以空白处填动词不定式作真正的宾语，it作形式宾语，故填to adapt。
66． (attract) by the idea of working abroad, I have made up my mind to improve my spoken English.
【答案】Attracted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被出国工作的想法所吸引，我已下定决心提高我的英语口语。本句谓语为have made，此处为非谓语动词，且I与attract“吸引”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Attracted。
67．Whenever feeling depressed, I prefer (read) the Novel Column which includes a lot of imaginative stories.
【答案】to read
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每当感到沮丧时，我更喜欢读小说专栏，里面有很多富有想象力的故事。根据prefer to to do sth.“较喜欢做某事”可知，此处用read的不定式形式to read，作宾语。故填to read。
68．One of the biggest in our life is ourselves to overcome the problems. (challenge)
【答案】 challenges to challenge challenging
【详解】考查名词、动词不定式和形容词。句意：我们生活中最大的挑战之一是挑战自己，克服具有挑战性的问题。第一个空需填入名词作宾语，one of 后接名词的复数，即challenges；第二个空需填入动词不定式作表语，表示“去做某事”，即to challenge；第三个空需填形容词作定语，表示“具有挑战性的”，即challenging。故填①challenges ②to challenge ③challenging。
69．No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left (want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不过，无论我在哪里买，一屉都不够，两屉又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子结构可知，此处考查leave ＋宾语＋宾语补足语结构，表示“使我想着下次多买点”，其被动语态的变式结构，在被动语态中，原宾补变成为主补。所给动词want在句子中作主语补足语，与主语I构成逻辑上的主动关系应用现在分词形式。故填wanting。
70．With our eyes (contact) together, I figured out the reason why he didn’t appear at the scene.
【答案】contacting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的目光交汇在一起，我明白了他没有出现在现场的原因。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”结构，contact和宾语eyes之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾补，故填contacting。
71．Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic (turn) into carbon dioxide.
【答案】is turned
【详解】考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该研究合著者吴唯民说，24小时之内，塑料就被转化为二氧化碳了。say后接宾语从句，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，此处turn作谓语，与主语the plastic之间为动宾关系，聚苯乙烯是被黄粉虫消化而转化成二氧化碳的，故用被动语态，主语the plastic为不可数名词，助动词应用is。故填is turned。
72．In 2008, a total of 46 Fujiantulou sites (list) as World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
【答案】were listed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2008年，共有46处福建土楼遗址被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。时间状语In 2008表明事情发生在过去，46 Fujiantulou sites与list“把……列入名单”之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填were listed。
73．David still refused to look at me and his head (bury) in his arms.
【答案】was buried
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：大卫仍然不肯看我，头埋在胳膊里。主语head和动词bury之间是被动关系，结合refused可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填was buried。
74．So far, through the remote video monitoring system and the use of BDS and other equipment, the intelligent and information based three dimension system of the “sky and ground” for biodiversity protection (establish).
【答案】has been established
【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：目前，通过远程视频监控系统和北斗系统等设备的使用，已经建立起生物多样性保护“天地一体”的智能化、信息化立体体系。主语system和动词establish之间是被动关系，根据时间状语So far可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填has been established。
75．Fountain pens (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
【答案】were used
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。主语pens和动词use之间是被动语态，根据long ago可知，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词使用were。故填were used。
76．The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS.
【答案】was spotted
【详解】
考查动词语态。句意：这这位美国巨星被拍到与一名年轻的卡塔尔残疾男孩Al Muftah在一起。这名男孩出生时患有一种罕见的CRS。分析句子可知，spot作谓语，与主语superstar是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填was spotted。
77．A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, (sit) in a garden on top of a hill.
【答案】sits
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一座白色的电话亭，被称为“风的电话”，坐落在山顶的花园里。根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。主语为A white telephone booth，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填sits。
78．The river (pollute) by waste products from the factory since it was built.
【答案】has been polluted
【详解】考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：自从工厂建成以来，这条河就被工厂的废物污染了。根据时间状语从句since it was built可知，pollute“污染”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，主语The river与pollute之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。又因主语The river是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been polluted。
79．You can charge them at maximum rate and the rest of the energy (go) out as heat.
【答案】goes
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：你可以用最高功率给它们充电，剩余的能量将以热量的形式跑出来。描述事实用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数。故填goes。
80．Finally the slave trade (abolish) in 1807.
【答案】was abolished
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：最终奴隶贸易在1807年被废止。分析句子结构可知，abolish在句子中作为谓语动词使用，主语slave trade承受abolish的动作，结合“in 1807”可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，并且主语为单数意义。故填was abolished。
81．The boy can (memory) the data easily.
【答案】memorize
【详解】考查动词。句意：这个男孩能很容易地记住这些数据。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形。memorize意为“记忆，记住”，为及物动词。故填memorize。
82．I made my decision. Nothing will make me (change) my mind.
【答案】change
【详解】考查使役动词。句意：我做了决定。没有什么能让我改变主意。make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，其中do前省略了不定式符号to，故change“改变”用动词原形。故填change。
83．Our school offers good and you will be well with knowledge and skills for your future job．(equip)
【答案】 equipment equipped
【详解】考查名词和动词。句意：我们的学校提供良好的设备，你将获得未来工作所需的知识和技能。第一个空应用名词，作offers的宾语，equipment意为“设备”，为不可数名词。 equip意为“配备”，为及物动词，be equipped with意为“被配有，获得”，为固定搭配，所以第二个空应用过去分词equipped。故填equipment；equipped。
84．My neighbors volunteered （take） care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.
【答案】to take
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：去年夏天我度假时，我的邻居自愿照顾我的宠物狗。根据前文volunteer可知，其后面要接动词不定式来作宾语，故答案为to take。
85．She went on working though (blame)by the manager.
【答案】blamed
【详解】考查省略句。句意：虽然她被经理责备了，但还在继续工作。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查though引导的让步状语从句的省略结构，省略了从句的主语和be动词，所以完整的从句是though she was blamed by the manager，blame和主语she之间是被动的关系。故填blamed。
86．She (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.
【答案】persuaded　
【详解】考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“lit in me a fire for literature”可知，此处表述的是过去发生的事情。另外连词and连接了两个并列的谓语动词，所以需要保持时态的一致性。故填persuaded。
87．Neither my parents nor my younger sister (be) at home today.
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：我父母和我妹妹今天都不在家。由句中使用neither ...nor(既不……也不)连接两个主语可知，主谓一致应遵循“就近原则”，即和较近的主语保持一致，就近的主语“my sister”为单数，谓语动词用三单，根据时间状语today(今天)可知，时态为一般现在时，故填is。
88．They are one of Africa’s most impressive and popular animals, and yet the (adore) creatures are still little studied and not well understood.
【答案】adorable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：它们是非洲最令人印象深刻和最受欢迎的动物之一，然而，人们对这种可爱的生物的研究仍然很少，也没有得到很好的理解。修饰名词creatures，用形容词adorable作定语，意为“可爱的”。故填adorable。
89． (difference)forms of life live in various areas of the ocean. Some are limited to coastal and shelf areas, while others live in the open sea.
【答案】Different
【详解】考查形容词。句意：不同形式的生命生活在海洋的不同区域。该空修饰后面名词forms(形式)，故填形容词Different，意为“不同的”，作定语。故答案为Different。
90．They declared that clothes made of it can be used to transform the temperature of the human body into electrical energy, which can drive (electricity) devices.
【答案】electric
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们宣称，用它制作的衣服可以用来将人体的温度转化为电能，从而驱动电子设备。根据空格后的名词devices可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词且意义为“用电的”。故填electric。
91．In many countries, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered (innocence) until the court proves that he or she is guilty.
【答案】innocent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在许多国家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭证明他或她有罪之前，他或她被视为无罪。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词innocent“无罪的”在句中作主语补足语。故填innocent。
92．Because it was a (demand) task, the manager demanded that we (work) extra hours to meet customers’ (demand).
【答案】 demanding should work/work demands
【详解】考查形容词、虚拟语气、名词。句意：因为这是一项要求很高的任务，经理要求我们加班以满足顾客的要求。①处使用形容词demanding“要求高的”，作定语，修饰名词task。demanded后为that引导的宾语从句，demand的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should也可以省略，②处使用should work或work。③处用名词demand“要求”，结合句意可知，要求不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作meet的宾语。故填①demanding②should work或work③demands。
93．In fact, children consider this method (effect) when others use it.
【答案】effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意： 事实上，当别人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为这种方法是有效的。需填入形容词作宾语补足语，需要的词义为“有效的”，即effective，故填effective。
94．He also said roads aren’t designed to make safe for bicyclists to share the road with cars.
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意：他还说道路的设计并不是为了让自行车和汽车共享道路。分析句子结构可知，此空应用it做形式宾语，代替后面的不定式to share the road with cars。故填it。
95．Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made much more convenient and popular both in China and overseas.
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意：例如，自行车共享本身并不新鲜。但中国已经使它在中国和海外更加方便和流行。空处填代词it指代前面出现过的Bike sharing作宾语。故填it。
96．At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine.
【答案】those/the ones
【详解】考查代词。句意：我们工厂有几台机器与这本杂志上描述的类似。空格处需要填入代词作宾语，此处表示的是“杂志描述的机器当中的”，所以用those指代那些，或者用the ones。故填those或者the ones。
97．—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
—What do you think of over there
【答案】that
【详解】考查代词。句意：——愚蠢的我!我忘了我的行李长什么样了。——你觉得那边那个怎么样？结合句意可知，此处指的是上文中的“luggage”，根据句中的over there可知此处为远指，且luggage为不可数名词，所以此处使用代词that。故填that。
98．High-rises decorate the city’s skyline, creating a distinct contrast the ancient neighborhoods, temples, and buildings that were occupied previously by people.
【答案】to/with
【详解】考查介词。句意：高层建筑装饰着城市的天际线，与以前被人类占据的古老社区、寺庙和建筑形成鲜明的对比。contrast to/with“与……形成鲜明对比”是固定搭配，故填to/with。
99．The main elements behind the unpleasant situation appear to be illegal hunting, land degradation (恶化) and lack habitat.
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词。句意：造成这种不愉快局面的主要因素似乎是非法狩猎、土地退化和缺乏栖息地。lack of...是固定短语，意为“缺乏……”。故填of。
100．She applied the classic patterns her own modern designs in a creative way after conducting research into the variety of patterns found on the murals (壁画).
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意：她对壁画上的各种图案进行了研究，并创造性地将这些经典图案运用到自己的现代设计中。结合句意表示“运用到”短语为apply sth. to。故填to。
试卷第1页，共3页语法综合测试（一）
时间 ：90分钟 满分：100分
语法填空(所给词的适当形式填空)（每题1分，共100小题）
1．According to Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata, across Africa, all giraffe populations (decline) by over 70 percent in the past 20 years from 36,000 to less than 9,000 today.
2．Chang Shana, an outstanding designer and educator in China, was just 13 when her love affair with Dunhuang (begin).
3．Young athletes (wear) sports clothing bearing Chinese elements, such as dragons and pandas.
4．In the past decades, with the rapid development of science and technology, our daily life (change) a lot.
5．The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people.
6．The 25- year- old lady, who from Princeton University Law School, has many novel ideas. After , she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. (graduate)
7．Between rows of trees (stand) a new building, which is supposed to be our new library.
8．At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
9．My husband is always talking about the economy, but I’d rather he (focus) more on our children’s education.
10．Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually (reveal) the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations.
11．Wang Jing, a woman from Shenyang city, Liaoning province in northeast China, (engage) in this novel art form for 27 years.
12．It is the second time in a row that Suzhou (top) the ranking.
13．The World Health Organization warns that millions of people (suffer) from indoor air pollution at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves at home.
14．These beautiful black faced spoonbills are some of the world's rarest birds. The birds (fly) all the way from their summer home to this wetland, where they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land.
15．Not only are tea- related customs found across the country, but also they (influence) the rest of the world since ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.
16．I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.
17．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I (have)time，I would certainly go to the movies with you.
18．Then relatively thinner sugar is added to support the outline and fill in the figure of the body in a combination of zig-zags or other patterns, supported by a wooden stick. “Painting” artistic pieces from melted sugar (differ) from regular painting.
19．He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his business (operate) in China for 10 years.
20．The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).
21．Among his impressive consideration (be) Harvard, Stanford, and MIT.
22．Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer (be) the Sami people, who made this territory their home. In 1909, to keep the land’s natural state, the government made Sarek a national park.
23．They broke my windows and (threat) me.
24．I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time.
25．It (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body.
26．I decided to volunteer for this year’s half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee (visit) my school.
27．In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners.
28．This device, however (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature.
29． Next year, after graduating from college, I (have) a job teaching English.
30．Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to people who (break) these rules.
31．Citizen scientists are called to help researchers look through the tens of thousands of photos taken by cameras (place) in strategic spots throughout the sites.
32．One agency, (base) in Woodbridge, is expected to receive $1. 5 million.
33．She applied the classic patterns to her own modern designs in a creative way after conducting research into the variety of patterns (find) on the murals (壁画).
34．I learned this while (take) care of a seagull unfortunate enough to swallow a hook.
35．Are the worms hurt by (eat) plastic
36． (engage) myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, where the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape.
37．One agency, based in Woodbridge, is expected (receive) $1. 5 million.
38．To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks (identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites.
39．Eager to show their personalities to the world, young people find national identity a good way to distinguish themselves from others, and culture is the perfect medium (explain) why young people are passionate about traditional culture.
40．According to a report on the traditional culture trend in 2021, (release) on Feb. 3 by Bilibili, an online video-sharing platform popular among younger people, more than 177 million of the platform’s users were in favor of videos featuring traditional culture.
41．They declared that clothes ( make) of it can be used to transform the temperature of the human body into electrical energy, which can drive electronic devices.
42．I was incredibly fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing, both of which left me fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly (long) to explore further.
43．Marine scientists also study how waves and currents affect organisms (live)in the oceans.
44．They’re exceptional examples of a building tradition and function (represent) a particular type of group living and defensive organization in a harmonious relationship with their environment.
45．Keen for their sons and daughters to succeed in life, they see (be) fluent in a second or third language as an advantage.
46． (nail) the two shelves together, she wiped away the sweat and had a rest.
47．It was really cold outside, but Jethro stayed indoors (wrap) in a warm blanket (毯子) and drinking hot chocolate.
48．Only in retrospect (回顾) did the value of appreciating a movie without judging, (accompany) by the joy of sharing become self-evident to me.
49．Generally, working as a nurse is (demand), which demands of nurses (be) caring and patient.
50．Some farmers would like to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling (provide) better education for their children.
51．The of the students look forward to in English because English can find a job easily. (major)
52．He made a mistake, (ruin) his chance of going abroad.
53． (trap) in a net around the rock，the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air.
54．Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, (damage) a nerve in my hand.
55．Up to now food and water (deliver) to the disaster -stricken area, where many people (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help.
56．To win an honour for his country, he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race, (set) a good example to others.
57．Two fifths of the buildings (destroy) in the earthquake last weekend, (leave) the whole world shocked.
58．Life isn’t about how (survive) the storm; it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
59．Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the (affect) areas.
60．Yesterday,I climbed the mountain top to the fresh air. Although I became when I was on the top,the of fresh air was worth it. (breath)
61．My aim is (try) out for a talent show to prove that even a person with no arms is capable of playing the piano.
62．These mountains are a splendid sight when (view) from the valley floor.
63．Frank turned away, (pretend) not to notice me, and hurried away.
64．I used in Beijing, but now I have got used to in the small town. (live)
65．You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance, which makes it easy for you (adapt)to the new life in Beijing.
66． (attract) by the idea of working abroad, I have made up my mind to improve my spoken English.
67．Whenever feeling depressed, I prefer (read) the Novel Column which includes a lot of imaginative stories.
68．One of the biggest in our life is ourselves to overcome the problems. (challenge)
69．No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left (want) more next time.
70．With our eyes (contact) together, I figured out the reason why he didn’t appear at the scene.
71．Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic (turn) into carbon dioxide.
72．In 2008, a total of 46 Fujiantulou sites (list) as World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
73．David still refused to look at me and his head (bury) in his arms.
74．So far, through the remote video monitoring system and the use of BDS and other equipment, the intelligent and information based three dimension system of the “sky and ground” for biodiversity protection (establish).
75．Fountain pens (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
76．The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS.
77．A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, (sit) in a garden on top of a hill.
78．The river (pollute) by waste products from the factory since it was built.
79．You can charge them at maximum rate and the rest of the energy (go) out as heat.
80．Finally the slave trade (abolish) in 1807.
81．The boy can (memory) the data easily.
82．I made my decision. Nothing will make me (change) my mind.
83．Our school offers good and you will be well with knowledge and skills for your future job．(equip)
84．My neighbors volunteered （take） care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.
85．She went on working though (blame)by the manager.
86．She (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.
87．Neither my parents nor my younger sister (be) at home today.
88．They are one of Africa’s most impressive and popular animals, and yet the (adore) creatures are still little studied and not well understood.
89． (difference)forms of life live in various areas of the ocean. Some are limited to coastal and shelf areas, while others live in the open sea.
90．They declared that clothes made of it can be used to transform the temperature of the human body into electrical energy, which can drive (electricity) devices.
91．In many countries, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered (innocence) until the court proves that he or she is guilty.
92．Because it was a (demand) task, the manager demanded that we (work) extra hours to meet customers’ (demand).
93．In fact, children consider this method (effect) when others use it.
94．He also said roads aren’t designed to make safe for bicyclists to share the road with cars.
95．Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made much more convenient and popular both in China and overseas.
96．At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine.
97．—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
—What do you think of over there
98．High-rises decorate the city’s skyline, creating a distinct contrast the ancient neighborhoods, temples, and buildings that were occupied previously by people.
99．The main elements behind the unpleasant situation appear to be illegal hunting, land degradation (恶化) and lack habitat.
100．She applied the classic patterns her own modern designs in a creative way after conducting research into the variety of patterns found on the murals (壁画).
试卷第1页，共3页语法综合测试（二）
时间 ：90分钟 满分：100分
语法填空(用适当的词填空)（每题1分，共100小题）
1．A school-home is exactly it sounds like. We get the homeless off the street, and we educate them so they don’t have to return to the street. We teach them how to be gardeners, painters, carpenters, bricklayers, electricians, and air-conditioning repairmen.
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一所“学校之家”就是它听起来的样子。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句like是介词，缺少宾语，指物，用连接代词what引导表语从句，故填what。
2．The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing can be seen as a good example of young people have embraced China Chic.
【答案】how
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：2022年北京冬奥会可以被视为年轻人接受中国风的一个很好的例子。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，根据语境可知，句子表示“2022年北京冬奥会可以被视为年轻人是如何接受中国风的一个很好的例子”，空格处意为“如何”，用how引导宾语从句，故填how。
3．Although we do not know very much about kind of life forms exist in deep ocean trenches(深海沟), marine scientists have found a certain type of jellyfish(水母) in the Mariana Trench, the world’s deepest ocean area.
【答案】what
【详解】考查代词。句意：虽然我们对深海海沟中存在什么样的生命形式并不十分了解，但海洋科学家在世界上最深的海洋区域马里亚纳海沟中发现了某种水母。分析句子结构可知，about后为宾语从句，what kind of意为“什么样的”，故答案为what。
4．Keep in mind body language plays a huge role communication because it accounts for over 50 per cent of communication.
【答案】 that in
【详解】考查从句和介词。句意：请记住，肢体语言在交流中起着巨大的作用，因为它占交流的50%以上。分析句子可知，空①引导宾语从句，从句“body language plays a huge role________communication”句意完整，成分齐全，用连词that引导从句，空二为介词in，play a role in...“在……起作用”，是固定短语，故填①that；②in。
5．Why is it some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us
【答案】that
【详解】考查强调句。句意：到底是为什么一些人比我们其他人聪明得多或者有创造性得多？分析句子可知，此处是强调句型的特殊疑问句式，结构为“特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分”。故填that。
6．You can’t imagine excited I was when hearing the news that you will need some volunteers.
【答案】how
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你无法想象当听到你需要一些志愿者的消息时我有多兴奋。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句作imagine的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“多么”应为how修饰空后的excited，所以此处应使用连接副词how。故填how。
7．What some teenagers don’t realize is difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
【答案】how
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一些青少年没有意识到的是，在他们吸毒成瘾后，生活是多么的艰难。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意以及空后的形容词difficult可知，此处表示“多么”应为连接副词how引导表语从句。故填how。
8．I have sent Miss Green an invitation to our party, but I don’t have the slightest idea she will accept it.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我有发送格林小姐邀请我们的聚会，但是我一点都不知道她是否会接受它。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的同位语从句对idea解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，但句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”，所以此处使用whether。故填whether。
9．You love your parents for the fact they created you, raised you and are part of a source of who you are.
【答案】that
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：你爱父母处于这样的事实：他们生了你，养育了你，是你生命源头的一部分。分析句子结构，这是一个包含同位语从句的复合句，先行词为：fact，因从句结构完整且句意完整，使用连接代词that连接同位语从句，故填that。
10．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be busy.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息说学生们将把郊游推迟到下周，那时他们不忙。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的同位语从句，对word意为“消息”解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
11．The fact of the matter is most people consume far more protein than they actually need.
【答案】that
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：事实上，大多数人摄入的蛋白质远远超过了他们实际需要的量。分析句子结构，本句为包含表语从句的复合句，因从句结构完整且句意完整，使用连接代词that连接表语从句，故填that。
12．The main feature of the weather of the Grain Rain is it is rainy, and the rainfall increases after the Grain Rain solar term.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：谷雨天气的主要特征是多雨，谷雨节气过后雨量增加。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故填that。
13．Ever wonder it would feel like to hide away in a dark cave without being connected to the outside world for 40 days Fifteen people in France just did that.
【答案】what
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：你有没有想过，如果在一个黑暗的洞穴里躲藏40天，与外界完全断绝联系会是什么感觉？法国有15个人刚刚做了这件事。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，空白处在从句中作宾语表示内容，使用连接代词what连接宾语从句，故填what。
14．She says that both Greece and China have rich cultures and traditions dating back to ancient times, and there is so much to learn from each other.
【答案】that
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她说，希腊和中国都有丰富的文化和传统，可以追溯到古代，有很多东西可以相互学习。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句作says的宾语，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
15．Getting up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you the time to squeeze in a workout before you get distracted (分神). This is morning people tend to be healthier and happier.
【答案】why
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：早起也有助于缓解压力和紧张，因为它让你有时间在分心之前进行一次锻炼。这就是为什么早晨起来的人往往更健康、更快乐的原因。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，因空白处在表语从句中作状语表示原因，使用连接副词连接表语从句，故填why。
16．Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：有些人表示怀疑，因为难以置信的是，在田地里工作了一整天后，她看起来如此完美。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的主语从句，it为形式主语，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that引导主语从句作真正主语。故填that。
17．The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are we’re here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, legally, for their valuable fur.
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：清新稀薄的空气，白雪覆盖的山脉和优雅的动物在平原上奔跑，这就是我们来到这里的原因——观察藏羚羊，它们被非法猎杀，以获取宝贵的皮毛。根据谓语动词“are”可知，空处引导表语从句，在句中作状语；根据句意，应用连接副词why，表示“我们为什么来到这里”。故填why。
18．Despite the fact a skywell’s size and design vary from region to region, it is almost always rectangular (长方形) and located in the core of a house.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：尽管事实是天井的尺寸和设计因地区而异，但它几乎总是矩形的，位于房屋的核心。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导同位语从句，对前面的抽象名词fact进行解释和说明，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
19．On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh themselves and compare their weight to it was at the Start of Summer.
【答案】what
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在立秋的第一天，人们通常会称自己的体重，并与立夏时的体重进行比较。句子分析可知，“______it was at the Start of Summer”为名词性从句作介词to的宾语，设空处引导名词性从句，在句中作表语，表示“立夏时的体重”，此宾语从句用连接代词what引导。故填what。
20．This was typically Huang Quande, fisherman-turned-photo model, looked in his photos with tourists from China and abroad.
【答案】how
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是渔夫出身的模特黄全德在与中外游客合影时的典型表情。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导表语从句，在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”的意思，用连词副词how。故填how。
21．But after assessing the number of extant pandas in the late 1970s, China came to realize the fact the animals had become a rare and endangered species.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：但在20世纪70年代末对现存大熊猫的数量进行评估后，中国开始意识到这样一个事实，即大熊猫已经成为一种稀有濒危物种。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，对“fact”解释说明，在从句中不作成分，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that。故填that。
22．Therefore our findings raise an exciting possibility we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：因此，我们的发现提出了一种令人兴奋的可能性，即我们可以通过培养乐观等积极态度来促进健康和幸福。本句为同位语从句解释说明抽象名词possibility的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。故填that。
23．We should trust life and trust our own abilities to understand is right and wrong, what decision to make and how to solve problems.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们应该相信生活，相信我们自己的能力，知道什么是对的，什么是错的，做什么决定，如何解决问题。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，所以需要what引导宾语从句。故填what。
24．Phrases like “replace weapons of war with gifts of jade and silk” and “gentle as jade” perfectly show jade symbolizes in the minds of Chinese people.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：“化干戈为玉帛”、“温柔如玉”等短语，完美地展现了玉在中国人心目中的象征。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“玉象征的东西”，故应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
25．She noted that cultural integration has always been a proposition(主张) of the Maltese government, and cooperation between the two sides should be based on equality and mutual benefit in order to be sustainable.
【答案】that
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：她指出，文化融合一直是马耳他政府的主张，双方的合作应该建立在平等互利的基础上，以实现可持续发展。分析可知，“________ cooperation between the two sides should be based on equality and mutual benefit in order to be sustainable”与前文that从句并列为动词“noted”的宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，意思完整，为事实陈述句，因此空格处用that引导宾语从句。同时从语法方面来说，句中出现两个或两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个从句的that可以省略，其余的并列宾语从句中的that要保留。故填that。
26．Today the future of Dafen may depend on it is able to earn respect of the art world.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查宾语从句连词。句意：如今大芬的未来能取决于它能否赢得艺术界的尊重。分析句子可知，介词“on”后接的句子是宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，但缺乏“是否”含义，故填whether。
27．Sheng said a friend of his, the head of Beijing Tsinghua Chang gung Hospital told him that one of the biggest problems in dealing with COVID-19 was healthcare workers treating patients were getting infected themselves. Zheng said he wanted to do something to deal with this situation.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：Sheng说，他的一位朋友，北京清华长庚医院的院长告诉他，应对COVID-19的最大问题之一是治疗患者的医护人员自己也被感染了。分析知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构和句意完整，用that引导。故填that。
28．And contrary to Western cynics say, that help comes with no strings attached.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：与西方愤世嫉俗者所说的相反，这种帮助是没有附加条件的。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代说的内容，应用连接代词what。故填what。
29．As research into TCM continues to advance and more individuals embrace it for their healthcare needs, the field is definite to grow.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：随着对中医的研究不断推进，越来越多的人接受中医来满足他们的医疗需求，这个领域肯定会增长。空格处引导宾语从句，从句谓语 need缺少宾语，指事物，使用连接代词what引导宾语从句，故填what。
30．Its unique taste of freshness, sourness, hotness and spiciness is modern people and young people prefer.
【答案】what
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：其独特的鲜、酸、辛、辣的口感是现代人和年轻人的最爱。分析句子，设空处引导表语从句。表语从句缺宾语，表示“现代人和年轻人的最爱的东西”，所以用what引导该从句。故填what。
31．Zhong Wen’ an, chief engineer at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, said they had completed the most extensive rehearsal before launch, is also the final joint rehearsal.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：西昌卫星发射中心总工程师钟文安表示，他们已经完成了发射前最广泛的彩排，这也是最后一次联合彩排。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词rehearsal，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
32．It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials protect items during shipping.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它被用于各种产品，从保持饮料冷热的杯子，到在运输过程中保护物品的包装材料。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是packaging materials，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
33．To engage myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为了融入当地的工业氛围，我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店，在这里，先进的制造业与自然美景的共存最为明显，因为它坐落在风景秀丽的湖边，周围环绕着充满活力的景观。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the “industrial park”，根据句意，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。
34．She was much younger than the other members in the conservation and research team at the Mogao Caves, leader was her father Chang Shuhong (1904-1994), a noted painter and director of the Dunhuang Academy.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她比莫高窟保护和研究小组的其他成员年轻得多，莫高窟保护和研究小组的组长是她的父亲常书鸿（1904—1994）——著名画家以及敦煌研究院院长。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the conservation and research team，先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
35．While this was a (compete) race, what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination participants showed during the race.
【答案】 competitive that/which
【详解】考查形容词和定语从句。句意：虽然这是一场有竞争力的比赛，但真正重要的不是冠军头衔，而是参与者在比赛中表现出的决心。分析句子结构可知，第一空为形容词作定语修饰名词race，compete的形容词为competitive意为“有竞争力的”；第二空为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少showed的宾语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词determination指的是事物，所以此处应为that或者which。故填①competitive②that/which。
36．Some people grow up in more formal families hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些人在比较正式的家庭长大，在那里拥抱并不常见。其他人可能会经历让拥抱变得不愉快的虐待。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为more formal families，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
37．“There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ...
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和平共处。”她的寓言是这样开头的。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为town“城镇”，所以应用关系副词where。作地点状语。故填where。
38．Woesler said that one of the reasons modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics.
【答案】why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：沃斯勒说，中国现代文学吸引他的一个原因是，许多作品都具有强烈的地域特色。分析句子可知，此处引导限定词定语从句，先行词为the reasons，关系词替代先行词在从句中作原因状语从句，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。
39．Adolescence is an important period in a person’s growth guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters of the teenagers.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：青春期是一个人成长的重要时期，这时期在塑造青少年性格方面急需指导。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为an important period，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。
40．Tom's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school, clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆对中国竹笛的喜爱始于小学，清脆的笛声引导他走上了学习长笛的道路。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为the Chinese bamboo flute，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰clear sound，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
41．Hua Mulan, the story of has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534).
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：花木兰是北魏（386－534）的一位战士，中国历代都有花木兰的故事。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hua Mulan，为人，作介词of后宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
42．According to IBM, it is the first machine can debate complicated topics with humans.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：根据IBM的说法，这是第一台可以与人类辩论复杂话题的机器。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词the first machine，为物，在从句中作主语，且先行词中有序数词first，所以这里只能用关系代词that。故填that。
43．China has many museums in the collections of cultural relics are beyond count. It would be a pity if so many cultural relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in museum cabinets，lifeless and cold.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国有许多博物馆，里面收藏的文物数不胜数。如果这么多文物和文化遗产只陈列在博物馆的柜子里，毫无生气，冷冰冰的，那将是一种遗憾。分析句子可知，此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是many museums，指物，作介词in后面的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
44．Some people intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些意图赚大钱的人很感激有机会增加收入，认为这就是他们的幸福所在。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为Some people，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰intention，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
45．None of the people knew the reason the car before his house was damaged.
【答案】why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意: 没有人知道他家门前那辆车被损坏的原因。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason, 设空处在定语从句中作原因状语，应该用关系副词 why。故填why。
46．It will be guided by three “red lines”, one of will include about 103 million hectares of permanent farmland with the aim of boosting safety, improving quality and preventing nonagricultural use.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它将由三条“红线”引导, 其中一条将包括约1.03亿公顷的永久性农田，旨在加强安全、提高质量和防止非农业利用。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词three “red lines”指物，设空处在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which，故填which。
47．Besides clean water and refreshing air, the village impresses many with its stone streets, ancient-style farm houses and various venues people can go hiking, play baseball and go fishing.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：除了干净的水和清新的空气，这个村庄给许多人留下了深刻的印象，它有着石头街道、古式的农舍和各种各样的活动场所，人们可以在那里徒步旅行、打棒球和钓鱼。空处引导定语从句，先行词venues表示地点，设空处在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where，故填where。
48．The origin of facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, leading actors used to wear masks.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：京剧中使用的脸谱的起源可以追溯到南北朝时期，当时的主角常戴面具。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Northern and Southern Dynasties，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
49．An elephant herd fascinated locals and other people around the world by making a 500-kilometer trip through southwestern China finally returned home.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一群大象在中国西南部进行了500千米的旅行，吸引了当地人和其他世界各地的人，最终回到了家乡。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，设空处在定语从句中作主语, 需用关系代词，先行词An elephant herd指物，所以使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
50．Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021 she became the country's first woman to conduct a spacewalk.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意: 2021年11月7日，中国航天员王亚平创造了历史，成为中国首位进行太空行走的女性。先行词为November 7, 2021，表示时间，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词when, 故填when。
51．Toward the end of my teaching career, I became a teacher librarian, aroused my love for being surrounded by books.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我的教学生涯接近尾声时，我成了一名教师图书管理员，这引起了我对被书籍包围的热爱。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代作者成为一名教师图书管理员这件事，定语从句缺主语，故填which。
52．Exercise is something can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：运动有助于让你看起来状态很好、感觉很好、身体健康。分析句子可知，空处应填关系代词引导限制性定语从句， 先行词是不定代词something，指物，在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。故填that。
53．The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, causes the storage of fat.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大脑将节食和（对食物的）限制解读为饥饿，这会导致脂肪的储存。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，先行词为前面的整个主句，指的是事，所以使用关系代词which。故填which。
54．The first thing coming to my mind is to get a driving license, is a must for most college students.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想到的第一件事是拿到驾照, 这是大多数大学生必须做的事。设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词driving license指物，设空处在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
55．Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something is bothering you.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不要害怕或者尴尬去讨论烦扰自己的事情。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词为不定代词something（指物），故填that。
56．Campers sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.
【答案】who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：报名参加为期两周的特工营的学员能够通过在彩弹场学习策略和军事技巧来了解真正的特工生活。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句, 且在从句中作主语，先行词Campers指人，所以使用关系代词who或that。 故填who/that
57．Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：裁判将选出多达50名荣誉奖得主，每个人将获得一件T恤以纪念Earhart的最后一次飞行。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语, 所以使用关系代词，先行词winners指人，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以使用关系代词who。故填 who。
58．Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs (幼兽) have ever been born here.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“Spot”和“Strip”是这里出生的第一批小老虎。空格后的部分是定语从句，定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词tiger cubs被序数词修饰，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。
59．We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills can be used for either good or bad purposes.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们更喜欢将情商描述为一系列既可从善也可为恶的特定技巧。设空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为skills（指物），其前无特殊修饰词，使用that或which引导。故填that/which。
60．His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：小男孩的爸爸经常用下载了彩色图片的平板电脑逗他笑，一戳这些图片它们就会活灵活现的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词tablet computer指物，所以此处使用关系代词which或者that。故填which/that。
61．To become an artist or expert in calligraphy, one has to practice word by word and stroke by stroke the spirit of the practice gets into one’s mind.
【答案】until/till
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：要成为一名艺术家或书法专家，一个人必须一笔一画地练习直到将练习的精髓铭记于心。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“直到……”符合句意。故填until/till。
62．It has been 2 years we hired a cleaning lady and for some reason my husband has become very demanding toward her.
【答案】since
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我们已经两年没有雇佣一位清洁女工了，出于某种原因，我丈夫对她要求很高。分析句子可知，设空处缺少连词引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……”应使用since。故填since。
63．He realized that it was important to do all that he wanted to do without postponing them, it was fixing a friendship that had problems or going on an adventurous vacation.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：他意识到，不推迟自己想做的事情是很重要的，无论是修复有问题的友谊还是去进行一次冒险的假期。分析句子结构，根据上文“He realized that it was important to do all that he wanted to do without postponing them(他意识到，不推迟自己想做的事情是很重要的)”以及下文“it was fixing a friendship that had problems or going on an adventurous vacation(修复有问题的友谊还是去进行一次冒险的假期)”可知上下文之间为转折关系，使用表示让步关系的连接代词whether连接从句，表示“无论”含义，故填whether。
64． planes and trains brought our world close together, it was the first link that ever connected the East and the West and the life blood of international trade in ancient time.
【答案】Before
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在飞机和火车将我们的世界紧密联系在一起之前，它是连接东西方的第一条纽带，是古代国际贸易的命脉。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”应用before，首字母应大写，故填Before。
65．The Losar celebrations come to an end with a grand ceremony. People gather in public spaces and light incense (香) and candles offering food, drinks and other items to the gods.
【答案】while/when
【详解】考查连词。句意：洛萨尔庆典以盛大的仪式结束。人们聚集在公共场所，点燃熏香和蜡烛，向神灵供奉食物、饮料和其他物品。根据语境可知，句子表示“当人们向神灵供奉食物、饮料和其他物品时，人们会聚集在公共场所，点燃熏香和蜡烛”，空格处意为“当……的时候”，用while或者when，引导时间状语从句。当时间状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句中含有be动词时，可以在从句中省略了主语和be动词。故填while/when。
66． moment she arrived home, she set out to clean the house.
【答案】The
【详解】考查时间状语从句和冠词。句意：她一到家就开始打扫房子。分析句子可知，“ moment she arrived home”是时间状语从句，可用定冠词the构成词组the moment引导时间状语从句，其意为“一……就……”；句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
67． (instant) he saw me, he held out his hands to shake hands with me.
【答案】Instantly
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：他一看到我就伸出手来和我握手。根据语境可知，空处需要引导时间状语从句。instantly在此处相当于一个连词，可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。故填Instantly。
68．The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
【答案】when
【详解】考查固定句式。句意：女孩还没按门铃，门就突然被打开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。hardly...when意为“一……就”，为固定句式，所以应用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
69．No matter how (ambition) your goal is, you’re more likely to attain it if you’re willing to start small.
【答案】ambitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：无论你的目标多么宏伟，如果你愿意从小处着手，你就更有可能实现它。no matter how“无论如何；不管怎样”引导让步状语从句，后接形容词或副词，分析句子可知，空处应用名词ambition的形容词形式ambitious“雄心勃勃的”在句中作系动词is的表语。故填ambitious。
70． tough the situation is, you should take a positive attitude.
【答案】However
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管情况多么艰难，你都应该采取积极的态度。根据空后内容可推知，此处表示让步的关系，且空后为“形容词+主语+系动词”的结构，应用意为“不管怎样，无论如何”的连接副词however引导让步状语从句，且空处位于句首，however的首字母需大写。故填However。
71．Not I got back home did my daughter go to bed.
【答案】until
【详解】考查连词。句意：直到我回到家，我女儿才上床睡觉。分析句子可知，空处应为连词，引导状语从句；not until引导时间状语从句，位于句首时，主句部分倒装，表示“直到……才……”，符合句子结构和句意。故填until。
72．Tim got emotional during his event in New York City Tuesday night recalling his recent conversation with dad.
【答案】when
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：周二晚上，Tim在纽约市的活动中回忆起他最近与父亲的谈话时情绪激动。结合句意可知，此处指“当他在回忆起他最近与父亲的谈话时”，用when引导时间状语从句，当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，完整从句为when he was recalling his recent conversation with dad.故填when。
73．Who knows how long it will be Mr Smith wants to try something else
【答案】before
【详解】考查连词。句意：谁知道史密斯先生要过多久才会想尝试别的东西呢？it will be...before...意为“要过多久才会……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词before表示“在……之前”引导时间状语从句。故填before。
74． you come first or last, it is important to remember that at any sporting event, you face two competitors: your fellow competitors and yourself.
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查连词。句意：无论你是第一名还是最后一名，重要的是要记住，在任何体育赛事中，你都面临着两个竞争者：你的竞争对手和你自己。whether...or...是……还是……，引导让步状语从句。根据句意，故填Whether。
75．Hungry and tired, I was about to lose my temper the deliveryman appeared with sweat running down his face.
【答案】when
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我又饿又累，正想发脾气的时候，快递员满脸是汗地出现了。分析句子，句中构成“be about to do when+从句”的固定句型，意为“即将做某事，就在此时……”，空处应用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
76．You should make a response to him you accept the job or not.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管你是否接受这份工作，你都应该对他作出回应。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填让步状语从句的引导词，whether...or not表示“无论(不管)是……还是……”，所以应填whether。故填whether。
77．He was inspired by them to go and teach he was needed the most.
【答案】where
【详解】考查连词。句意：他受到他们的激励，去最需要他的地方教学。分析句子可知，空处应为连词，引导地点状语从句，表示“去最需要他的地方教学”，故应用连词where。故填where。
78．He feels so happy he followed his heart when choosing what to do with his life, even though it may not be what others expected of him.
【答案】that
【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：他感到很开心，在选择自己的生活时，他听从了自己的内心，即使这可能不是别人对他的期望。分析句子可知，此处为连词so…that…“如此……以至于”引导的结果状语从句，满足句意要求。故填that。
79．Generous husband he might be, he was more than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings on a diamond necklace.
【答案】as /though
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他可能是个慷慨的丈夫，但他对妻子非常生气——她把他们所有的积蓄都花在一条钻石项链上了。分析句子，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，表示“尽管”用as/though，此处构成了倒装表语的结构。故填as/though。
80．Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【答案】as/when
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，人口增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，以便更快地烹饪。分析句子可知，空处需用从属连词引导空后内容，作句子的时间状语，结合Over time和the population grew可推知，此处表示随着人口增长或当人口增长时，空处应用as“随着”或when“当……时”。故答案是as/when。
81．On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
【答案】so
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在我们回家的路上，雨下得如此大，以致于我们不禁想知道要多久才能到那里。分析句子结构可知，此句含“so ... that ...”，意为“意思是"如此……以致于……"，that引导结果状语从句，空处修饰副词hard，应用副词so。故填so。
82． it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking.
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是寻求指导的盲人还是寻求支持的老年人，扶手都是用来步行的。分析可知，本句是让步状语从句，用whether...or...引导，符合句意和语境要求，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。
83．Though it is 5 years he retired from his work place, the old professor remains active in the academic circles.
【答案】since
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：尽管自从这位老教授从他工作岗位上退休已经5年了，他在学术圈仍保持活跃。“It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时”是固定句型，表示“自从……以来多长时间”，故填since。
84．There’ll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems of our environment will get even worse, we do something now.
【答案】unless
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非我们现在做一些事情，要不然交通将更加堵塞，温度将持续上升，因而环境问题将更加恶化。由语境可知，此处表示“除非”，故用unless引导条件状语从句。故填unless。
85．Absurd it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
【答案】as/though
【详解】考查倒装。句意：尽管听起来很荒谬，在场的每个人都被他在非洲的冒险故事逗乐了。分析句子可知，逗号前的部分是一个倒装句，表语absurd提到了句首；再由句意可知，空格处应该填入一个连词，且意义为“尽管”，所以应该用as（as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装）或though（though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装，也可以不用倒装）。故填as或though。
86．Hot the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
【答案】as/though
【详解】考查让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为长途旅行后我们太累了。分析句子可知，句子前后存在让步关系，此处是一个让步状语从句，且运用了部分倒装，as或though引导让步状语从句时需部分倒装。故填as或though。
87．Much I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
【答案】as/though
【详解】考查让步状语从句的部分倒装。句意：虽然我很尊重他，但我不能同意他的建议。此处考查“名词/形容词/副词+as/ though+主语+动词”，题中副词much提前至句首，设空处应用连接词as或though，构成让步状语从句的倒装结构。故填as/ though。
88．It was not his father came back that he went to bed.
【答案】until
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：直到他父亲回来，他才上床睡觉。固定结构：not until表示“直到……才……”，本句使用了强调句型：It was not until + 被强调成分+ that+其它。故填until。
89．“ the patterns and colors may be different, paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people,” says Yang Huizi, an art teacher at Beijing Union University.
【答案】Although/Though/While
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：“尽管样式和颜色可能会有所不同，但是剪纸所承载的维系人们之间的情感纽带的功能却是一样的。”北京联合大学的艺术老师杨慧子说道。结合语意，the patterns and colors may be different和paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people之间是让步关系，所以此处应用although、though或while引导让步状语从句。句首字母要大写。故填Although、Though或While。
90． you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
【答案】Unless
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你能睡好，否则一两个晚上之后，你就不能集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性。根据句意可知，此处是条件状语从句，unless意为“除非，如果不”符合句意，句首大写。故填Unless。
91．It was my headteacher I respect most helped me out whenever I was in trouble.
【答案】who/that
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：每当我遇到困难时，帮助我的是我最尊敬的班主任。分析句子可知，本句是强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他”，本句中被强调部分是主语my headteacher，指人，故填who或that。
92．It is by learning cooking I have strengthened my relationship with my parents.
【答案】that
【详解】考查强调句式。句意：正是通过学习烹饪，我加强了与父母的关系。分析句子可知，该句为it is …that…的强调句式，被强调部分为by learning cooking，为强调状语成分。故填that。
93．As (plan), it will be held on the playground from 5 p. m. to 8 p. m. next Sunday.
【答案】planned
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：按计划，下周日下午5点到8点在操场举行。分析句意可知，plan和主语之间是被动关系，所以as从句中要用一般现在时的被动语态，即用it is planed，又因为状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，所以从句中的it is可以省略。故填planned。
94．Once (dry) and processed to make green tea, their value increases significantly.
【答案】dried
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦干燥并加工成绿茶，它们的价值就会大大增加。此处为once+过去分词作状语的省略形式，还原为完整的句子应该是once they are dried and processed to make green tea的条件状语从句，当从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词时，从句省略主语和be动词。故填dried。
95．While the Qinling Mountains have long been known as the northern edge of giant panda habitat, was only in 2005 that the Qinling panda was recognized as a distinct subspecies of giant panda.
【答案】it
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：虽然秦岭一直被称为大熊猫栖息地的北部边缘，但直到2005年，秦岭大熊猫才被确认为大熊猫的一个独特亚种。观察句子结构可知，此处为强调句句型“It be+被强调部分+that+…”，故填it。
96．Though (disconnect), the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others.
【答案】disconnected
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然没有连接，但电话有一个令人惊讶的用途：帮助人们说出他们在别人面前感到尴尬的话。在though等引导的让步状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。主语the phone与disconnect之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填disconnected。
97．When (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
【答案】seen
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
98．You’d better take the price, the quality and so on into consideration when (buy).
【答案】buying
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：买的时候你最好把价格、质量等综合考虑一下。分析句子可知，此处用了when引导时间状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，buy“购买”和被省略的主语you之间是主动关系，应用buy的现在分词形式，完整形式为when you are buying。故填buying。
99．The researchers are still working hard to figure out it was that caused the disease.
【答案】what
【详解】考查强调句。句意：研究人员仍在努力找出是什么导致了这种疾病。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作figure out的宾语，宾语从句中使用了强调句型it was…that…，句中缺少主语，结合caused the disease可知，主语指物，应用连词what作引导词。故填what。
100．Only when I had another failure in my job-seeking I realize knowledge is valuable.
【答案】did
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：只有当我又一次求职失败时，我才意识到知识的价值。分析句子可知，此处是only置于句首，修饰时间状语从句，主句用部分倒装，结合从句时态可知，句子是一般过去时，将助动词did置于主语前，故填did。
试卷第1页，共3页语法综合测试（二）
时间 ：90分钟 满分：100分
语法填空(用适当的词填空)（每题1分，共100小题）
1．A school-home is exactly it sounds like. We get the homeless off the street, and we educate them so they don’t have to return to the street. We teach them how to be gardeners, painters, carpenters, bricklayers, electricians, and air-conditioning repairmen.
2．The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing can be seen as a good example of young people have embraced China Chic.
3．Although we do not know very much about kind of life forms exist in deep ocean trenches(深海沟), marine scientists have found a certain type of jellyfish(水母) in the Mariana Trench, the world’s deepest ocean area.
4．Keep in mind body language plays a huge role communication because it accounts for over 50 per cent of communication.
5．Why is it some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us
6．You can’t imagine excited I was when hearing the news that you will need some volunteers.
7．What some teenagers don’t realize is difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
8．I have sent Miss Green an invitation to our party, but I don’t have the slightest idea she will accept it.
9．You love your parents for the fact they created you, raised you and are part of a source of who you are.
10．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be busy.
11．The fact of the matter is most people consume far more protein than they actually need.
12．The main feature of the weather of the Grain Rain is it is rainy, and the rainfall increases after the Grain Rain solar term.
13．Ever wonder it would feel like to hide away in a dark cave without being connected to the outside world for 40 days Fifteen people in France just did that.
14．She says that both Greece and China have rich cultures and traditions dating back to ancient times, and there is so much to learn from each other.
15．Getting up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you the time to squeeze in a workout before you get distracted (分神). This is morning people tend to be healthier and happier.
16．Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.
17．The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are we’re here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, legally, for their valuable fur.
18．Despite the fact a skywell’s size and design vary from region to region, it is almost always rectangular (长方形) and located in the core of a house.
19．On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh themselves and compare their weight to it was at the Start of Summer.
20．This was typically Huang Quande, fisherman-turned-photo model, looked in his photos with tourists from China and abroad.
21．But after assessing the number of extant pandas in the late 1970s, China came to realize the fact the animals had become a rare and endangered species.
22．Therefore our findings raise an exciting possibility we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.
23．We should trust life and trust our own abilities to understand is right and wrong, what decision to make and how to solve problems.
24．Phrases like “replace weapons of war with gifts of jade and silk” and “gentle as jade” perfectly show jade symbolizes in the minds of Chinese people.
25．She noted that cultural integration has always been a proposition(主张) of the Maltese government, and cooperation between the two sides should be based on equality and mutual benefit in order to be sustainable.
26．Today the future of Dafen may depend on it is able to earn respect of the art world.
27．Sheng said a friend of his, the head of Beijing Tsinghua Chang gung Hospital told him that one of the biggest problems in dealing with COVID-19 was healthcare workers treating patients were getting infected themselves. Zheng said he wanted to do something to deal with this situation.
28．And contrary to Western cynics say, that help comes with no strings attached.
29．As research into TCM continues to advance and more individuals embrace it for their healthcare needs, the field is definite to grow.
30．Its unique taste of freshness, sourness, hotness and spiciness is modern people and young people prefer.
31．Zhong Wen’ an, chief engineer at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, said they had completed the most extensive rehearsal before launch, is also the final joint rehearsal.
32．It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials protect items during shipping.
33．To engage myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape.
34．She was much younger than the other members in the conservation and research team at the Mogao Caves, leader was her father Chang Shuhong (1904-1994), a noted painter and director of the Dunhuang Academy.
35．While this was a (compete) race, what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination participants showed during the race.
36．Some people grow up in more formal families hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant.
37．“There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ...
38．Woesler said that one of the reasons modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics.
39．Adolescence is an important period in a person’s growth guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters of the teenagers.
40．Tom's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school, clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning.
41．Hua Mulan, the story of has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534).
42．According to IBM, it is the first machine can debate complicated topics with humans.
43．China has many museums in the collections of cultural relics are beyond count. It would be a pity if so many cultural relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in museum cabinets，lifeless and cold.
44．Some people intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies.
45．None of the people knew the reason the car before his house was damaged.
46．It will be guided by three “red lines”, one of will include about 103 million hectares of permanent farmland with the aim of boosting safety, improving quality and preventing nonagricultural use.
47．Besides clean water and refreshing air, the village impresses many with its stone streets, ancient-style farm houses and various venues people can go hiking, play baseball and go fishing.
48．The origin of facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, leading actors used to wear masks.
49．An elephant herd fascinated locals and other people around the world by making a 500-kilometer trip through southwestern China finally returned home.
50．Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021 she became the country's first woman to conduct a spacewalk.
51．Toward the end of my teaching career, I became a teacher librarian, aroused my love for being surrounded by books.
52．Exercise is something can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy.
53．The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, causes the storage of fat.
54．The first thing coming to my mind is to get a driving license, is a must for most college students.
55．Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something is bothering you.
56．Campers sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.
57．Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
58．Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs (幼兽) have ever been born here.
59．We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills can be used for either good or bad purposes.
60．His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.
61．To become an artist or expert in calligraphy, one has to practice word by word and stroke by stroke the spirit of the practice gets into one’s mind.
62．It has been 2 years we hired a cleaning lady and for some reason my husband has become very demanding toward her.
63．He realized that it was important to do all that he wanted to do without postponing them, it was fixing a friendship that had problems or going on an adventurous vacation.
64． planes and trains brought our world close together, it was the first link that ever connected the East and the West and the life blood of international trade in ancient time.
65．The Losar celebrations come to an end with a grand ceremony. People gather in public spaces and light incense (香) and candles offering food, drinks and other items to the gods.
66． moment she arrived home, she set out to clean the house.
67． (instant) he saw me, he held out his hands to shake hands with me.
68．The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
69．No matter how (ambition) your goal is, you’re more likely to attain it if you’re willing to start small.
70． tough the situation is, you should take a positive attitude.
71．Not I got back home did my daughter go to bed.
72．Tim got emotional during his event in New York City Tuesday night recalling his recent conversation with dad.
73．Who knows how long it will be Mr Smith wants to try something else
74． you come first or last, it is important to remember that at any sporting event, you face two competitors: your fellow competitors and yourself.
75．Hungry and tired, I was about to lose my temper the deliveryman appeared with sweat running down his face.
76．You should make a response to him you accept the job or not.
77．He was inspired by them to go and teach he was needed the most.
78．He feels so happy he followed his heart when choosing what to do with his life, even though it may not be what others expected of him.
79．Generous husband he might be, he was more than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings on a diamond necklace.
80．Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
81．On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
82． it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking.
83．Though it is 5 years he retired from his work place, the old professor remains active in the academic circles.
84．There’ll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems of our environment will get even worse, we do something now.
85．Absurd it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
86．Hot the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
87．Much I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
88．It was not his father came back that he went to bed.
89．“ the patterns and colors may be different, paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people,” says Yang Huizi, an art teacher at Beijing Union University.
90． you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
91．It was my headteacher I respect most helped me out whenever I was in trouble.
92．It is by learning cooking I have strengthened my relationship with my parents.
93．As (plan), it will be held on the playground from 5 p. m. to 8 p. m. next Sunday.
94．Once (dry) and processed to make green tea, their value increases significantly.
95．While the Qinling Mountains have long been known as the northern edge of giant panda habitat, was only in 2005 that the Qinling panda was recognized as a distinct subspecies of giant panda.
96．Though (disconnect), the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others.
97．When (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
98．You’d better take the price, the quality and so on into consideration when (buy).
99．The researchers are still working hard to figure out it was that caused the disease.
100．Only when I had another failure in my job-seeking I realize knowledge is valuable.
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