2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION（含答案与解析） |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册
单元达标检测
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Why does the woman talk to the man
A.To order some furniture.
B.To recommend a job.
C.To ask for help.
2.What does the woman ask the man to do
A.Put a bag away. B.Fetch a bag. C.Pick up her son.
3.What type of book is the woman reading
A.Science fiction. B.Horror fiction. C.Romantic fiction.
4.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A.A library. B.A writer. C.A book.
5.What do we know about the woman
A.She has free lunch in her company.
B.She's a very hard-working employee.
C.She got a low bonus.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What does the woman's backpack look like
A.It is made of leather.
B.There is a pattern on it.
C.A handkerchief is tied to it.
7.How does the woman probably feel in the end
A.Disappointed. B.Relieved. C.Worried.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What did the woman just do
A.She rushed for the train.
B.She got off the train.
C.She came back from town.
9.What do we know about the woman
A.Her coat was lost.
B.Her phone was stolen.
C.Her sports shoes are dirty.
10.Which word can best describe the woman
A.Disorganized. B.Reliable. C.Sporty.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What's the man's problem
A.His dormitory is too noisy.
B.He is hard to get along with.
C.He is looked down upon.
12.What does the man ask the woman to do
A.Communicate with David.
B.Change his room.
C.Forbid David having fun.
13.Who is the woman
A.David's friend.
B.The man's teacher.
C.The man's classmate.
听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。
14.What does the man suggest the woman do about her book
A.Call a publisher.
B.Advertise it herself.
C.Ask their teacher for advice.
15.How many pages does the woman's book have
A.About 200. B.About 350. C.About 700.
16.What will the woman give the man to read
A.A digital copy.
B.A printed copy.
C.A handwritten copy.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.What is the biggest difference between weak AI and strong AI
A.Cost.
B.Service time.
C.Human involvement.
18.Which of the following belongs to weak AI
A.Apple's Siri. B.A self-driving car. C.AlphaGo.
19.What is many experts' attitude toward the future of AI
A.Supportive. B.Uncertain. C.Critical.
20.What will be discussed about AI next
A.The problems to deal with.
B.An example of weak AI.
C.The benefits of it.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
1.The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses to a strange-looking meteorite(陨石)in England. Not long after, it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and an invasion is around the corner. What is it like for man, the dominator of Earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens
2.The Dune Saga(沙丘) by Frank Herbert Published from 1965 to 1985, The Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul's descendants(后裔),ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.
3.The Space Trilogy by C.S. Lewis This series contains three books that were published from 1938 to 1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus. On these planets,the residents are not corrupt(腐败的), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.
4.Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burns them. The main character,Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture is obsessed with a society of television but doesn't realize the value and the freedom that come with literature.
21.Where is Dr. Elwin Ransom originally from
A.Earth. B.Venus.
C.Mars. D.Arrakis.
22.Which book explores the potential of technology to make humans less free
A.The War of the Worlds. B.The Dune Saga.
C.The Space Trilogy. D.Fahrenheit 451.
23.What do the four kinds of books have in common
A.They show an imaginary world.
B.They each have two main characters.
C.They explore the nature of humanity.
D.They were published in the 20th century.
B
I believe in the power of science fiction, not just for its capacity to turn dreams into reality, but also for its power to gather those who share a common view about the future. For me,that's true of my relationship with my dad. Some fathers and sons bond over sports, fishing or hunting, but my dad and I bond over Star Trek. We tried a trip to Disney World, but one of my earliest memories wasn't Mickey, but a Klingon battle cruiser on the screen.
Over the years, nearly every situation has become far away for my dad and me. When it's warm at night, we're not driving along some dark streets in Indiana, but going at slow speed with stars dimly shining. Both of us are thinking of them, without needing to say a word. All these imaginations of other universes have together created a private universe for my dad and me.
Gene Roddenberry, creator of Star Trek, once said, “Science fiction is a way of thinking, a way of logic that bypasses a lot of nonsense. It allows people to look directly at important subjects.” A lifetime of science fiction has influenced more than just my relationship with my dad, and it has also helped me shape my own hopes for the future. I'm now a science fiction writer.
Yes, science fiction has made me into a “nerd” and it has also been a source of joy for my family, making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology. Thank those authors who have shared their visions; the world and my family are better for it. Thank my dad, who is both the best storyteller and the best man I have ever known.
24.What contributes to the bond between the author and his father
A.Their similar dream. B.Their love for each other.
C.Their common interest. D.Their hobby of fishing.
25.What does the author mainly want to show in Paragraph 2
A.His deep impression of his dad.
B.His feeling of staying with his dad.
C.His earliest memory of his dad.
D.His good relationship with his dad.
26.How does science fiction help the author at present
A.It leads him to pursue a desirable career.
B.It brings him the courage to live better.
C.It inspires him to face the danger of technology.
D.It makes him a source of his family's joy.
27.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Wonders Science Brings.
B.The Power of Science Fiction.
C.The Stories About Science Fiction.
D.The Time Together with My Father.
C
Shortly after its opening on the first day of Chinese New Year, The Wandering Earth began to gain momentum(展现强劲势头). In a little over a week, it made 2.8 billion yuan in the domestic market alone. The film's popularity and success have come as a surprise to many reviewers especially since there hasn't been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past. Many agree that this film will change the embarrassing situation and bring a new age of Chinese science fiction.
As a genre(类型), Chinese science fiction has lagged behind general fiction in both the film and publishing industries. Even Liu Cixin's(the author who wrote the short story on which The Wandering Earth is based) The Three-Body Problem—which is currently quite popular—didn't have many readers until it was translated into English and won the Hugo Award in 2015. Personally, I haven't read much of any genre written in Chinese, but I do notice that there aren't many separate sections in the bookstore dedicated to science fiction. I cannot speak for everyone, but some people seem to have misunderstandings regarding the genre.
My parents were the type who tried to steer me in the direction of non-fiction and the classics. They believed that science fiction and fantasies were “unrealistic nonsense” and would “rot my brain”. Actually, great science fiction writers do their research. More often than not, one can learn a great deal about science and its possible development from reading science fiction. Sure, some of the concepts may be confusing or technical in nature, but that is also part of the appeal. Things like the Internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized(建立理论) in science fiction before they were invented. The authors simply use a combination of science and their imagination to create worlds different from the Earth of today, from which we can get bits and pieces that can be turned into reality.
The world is changing. There may very well be a time when Earth is no longer able to sustain the entire population. We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships; perhaps we will be forced to move Earth to a new system just like what The Wandering Earth shows. Each of these scenarios has appeared in science fiction multiple times. If we are prepared for what is to come, we can look to modern science fiction for a window into the future.
28.What can we know about The Wandering Earth
A.Critics thought highly of the film before its release.
B.It is the first time that Chinese science fiction has achieved such success.
C.The film was adapted from a short story in The Three-Body Problem.
D.This film will put Chinese science fiction into a new age.
29.We can learn from the article that the author .
A.has little interest in science fiction
B.has never read Chinese science fiction
C.was not advocated reading science fiction by his parents
D.has not been prepared for the future development
30.What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A.The practical significance of science fiction.
B.Real technologies inspired by science fiction.
C.People's misunderstandings about science fiction.
D.Imaginary worlds created by science fiction writers.
31.What does the underlined word “scenarios” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Strategies. B.Proposals. C.Ideas. D.Pictures.
D
Imagine if your clothes could pick up the sounds of everything going on around you. Scientists have created a fibre(纤维) which can pick up sounds and could be used as a hearing aid to monitor heartbeats or even in spacecraft.
The new fibre works like a microphone. It picks up sounds and turns them into vibrations(震动) and then electrical signals, in a similar way to how ears work. When woven(编织) into a shirt, the fibre can even detect a wearer's heartbeat, the researchers say. The fibre can hear sounds as low as those in a quiet library, as well as louder sounds from heavy road traffic. It can even accurately tell the direction of sudden sounds like handclaps.
The fibre was created by engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) and researchers at the Rhode Island School of Design. “Wearing a piece of clothing that can hear, you might talk through it to answer phone calls and communicate with others,” said lead author Yet Wan, who created the technology at MIT.
Once they had created the fibre, the team wove it into a more traditional piece of clothing which was much more flexible. When it was woven into the back of a shirt, it was able to pick up the sound of people clapping and even tell the direction of the clap. When woven into the shirt's lining(内衬), it could pick up the person's heartbeat, which the researchers think could be used in a pregnant woman's clothes to monitor a baby's heartbeat.
As well as wearable hearing aids and clothes that track your heartbeat, the team says there are possibilities beyond clothing. “It can be integrated into a spacecraft's skin to listen to space dust, or embedded in(嵌入) buildings to detect cracks or strains,” Yet suggests. “It can even be woven into a smart net to monitor fish in the ocean.”
32.What is the scientists' new invention
A.A lightweight fibre. B.A new skin of spacecraft.
C.A fibre that can hear. D.A microphone that can talk.
33.What can we learn about the new material
A.It is easily damaged by loud sounds.
B.It can even pick up faint sounds.
C.It works more accurately than human ears.
D.It fails to recognize the direction of sounds.
34.What did the team do after creating the new material
A.They wove it into babies' clothes.
B.They turned it into a fishing net.
C.They put it into mass production.
D.They tested its performance.
35.What do Yet's words in the last paragraph suggest
A.The fibre has a wide range of applications.
B.The fibre can bring in a big profit.
C.The fibre needs to be improved.
D.The fibre is more expensive than traditional material.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Writing a great science fiction novel is a long, hard process. As with any novel, you'll want to construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose. 36
Remember that science fiction is about ideas. Different from other genres, a good science fiction story depends on a great imagination. 37 In sci-fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit. For example, many early works of sci-fi make their questions obvious. In The War of the Worlds, the question is:What would happen to human society if it were invaded(入侵) by technologically advanced aliens
38 It's one thing to have a great idea or situation, but it's another to have a story. While science fiction novels are often thought experiments, they also can't just be thought experiments. That means you're going to have to come up with an appealing story that brings these questions to life. Ask yourself:What is the change that will occur over the course of your story, either in the world or in the life of the main characters
Create an interesting world. 39 The intricately(错综复杂地) imagined details that make up your world should flow in some way from the idea at the heart of your story. In that way, the world you create in your sci-fi novel also reveals something about your point of view on the real world. Even the most fantastically imagined story is still a reflection of real-world questions and problems.
Make sure the rules of your world are consistent.One of the qualities that set sci-fi novels apart from the works of fantasy and surrealism(超现实主义) is that no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys internally consistent logic. 40 But instead of being absurd, it must be understandable and in order for it to feel believable.
A.Focus on character development.
B.Make sure you're telling a good story.
C.That said, writing science fiction requires many unique considerations.
D.That logic will necessarily be different from the logic that governs reality.
E.Before you start writing, have some sense of the question your novel is asking.
F.A sci-fi novel set in a technologically backward world would violate the rules of the reality.
G.World building is one of the most important parts of creating a compelling sci-fi story.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence-driven chatbot(聊天程序) that responds to user prompts, has dominated social networks in recent weeks. Its 41 is such that within days of its launch, OpenAI, the artificial intelligence company behind the chatbot, announced that 1 million people had logged on. In comparison, Facebook and Spotify took months to attract that level of 42 . The attraction is obvious:ChatGPT can generate jokes, essays and computer code from a short writing prompt.
There's nothing 43 in software that produces fluent and logical writing. ChatGPT's predecessor, the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3(GPT-3), could do that too. Both were trained on an unimaginably large amount of data to answer questions in a 44 way. But ChatGPT has been fine-tuned by being fed with the data on human “conversations”, which significantly 45 the truthfulness and informativeness of its answers.
46 , ChatGPT still produces answers that seem reasonable but are incorrect or nonsensical. Even the bot itself says, “My responses are not intended to be taken as 47 .” This might be a big problem on the Internet, as many web platforms 48 the capability to protect themselves against a flood of AI-generated content. Such websites as Stack Overflow, where users can find answers to programming-related questions, had to ban ChatGPT-produced posts, as human administrators(管理员) could not 49 the volumes of believable but wrong replies. It is 50 to provide tools that could be used to mass-produce fake news and messages.
Letting loose ChatGPT raises the question of whether content produced by it can be truly trusted. A human author is 51 their work in a way AI is not. Artificial intelligence has no human 52 :ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it produces a response; it has no grasp of human experience, and cannot tell if it is 53 . While OpenAI has safeguards to refuse inappropriate requests, such as to tell users how to commit crimes, these can be bypassed. AI's potential for harm should not be 54 . In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.
No one knows what will happen to such technologies if the software engineers of the future will themselves be software programs. “Human supervision and 55 are required,” OpenAI's researchers have warned.
41.A.attempt B.appeal C.purpose D.solution
42.A.involvement B.point
C.competition D.ambition
43.A.harmful B.positive C.novel D.obvious
44.A.creative B.general C.simple D.believable
45.A.converted B.impressed C.increased D.limited
46.A.In brief B.As a result C.Even so D.Loosely speaking
47.A.facts B.routine
C.discrimination D.details
48.A.expel B.lack C.expect D.improve
49.A.answer B.provide C.handle D.collect
50.A.experimental B.risky
C.unnecessary D.reliable
51.A.scared of B.open to
C.pleased with D.responsible for
52.A.consciousness B.innovation
C.emotion D.curiosity
53.A.fitting in B.hanging on
C.making sense D.achieving goals
54.A.rejected B.blamed
C.underestimated D.contributed
55.A.civilization B.caution
C.loss D.pressure
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peter took his brother to the movies last night. The cinema is next to his house, so it's very convenient. The title of the film is The Boy's Sweat, 56 (recommend) to him by his classmate. The movie 57 (be) very hot recently, 58 (attract) a large number of viewers. The main character of the film is James, 59 boy, born in the Republic of Cuba. Because his parents are too busy to look after him, he is very independent. He has been fond of reading comic books and watching science fiction 60 (movie) since his childhood. It is the influence of mysterious organizations in comic books 61 makes him definitely convinced of the 62 (exist) of aliens and mysterious power. He also believes that one day there will be a disaster in the home 63 we live, so he is aware of his duty to protect it. James is a bit awkward in many aspects, but he works 64 (silent) like a cow, constantly overcoming the difficulties on his way and moving one step closer to his goal. His spirit has a great effect 65 many young people.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,中国国际展览中心(China International Exhibition Center)正在举办智能机器人展览。请给你的交换生朋友Arthur写一封邮件,邀请他一起去参观,内容包括:
1.时间和地点;
2.展览相关情况;
3.诚邀一同前往。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Arthur,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I loved reading books very much as a child, but my single mother was struggling financially, so I often went to the library to read for free. My favorite books were science fiction. Once, I spent a whole afternoon reading science fiction in the library.
While I was enjoying reading, an illness nearly knocked me down. My illness was very strange, and no one really knew what it was. I always woke up with a rush of urine(尿). And then I found out that the disease had impacted my entire life. I remember when I was in the sixth grade, I had to go to the bathroom in the middle of a class. Realizing I had to go to the front of the class and write my name on the blackboard in order to go to the bathroom, I put up with it. By the end of class, the urine had soaked through(渗透) my jeans and my chair had been wet. Since then I had no deskmate. And my shame spread from my class to the whole school.
After that, I became more isolated and silent, but I got a ride to the library once a week and checked out all the science fiction novels I could carry. Thanks to them, I got through the days when I was sick and couldn't go to school.
When I was fifteen, the high school asked my mother to take me out from school. My mother and I were both relieved. I had managed to get excellent grades despite missing 85% of my classes, but the school couldn't put up with my absence from school most of the time. My mother could see how sick I was, and knew how much I actually wanted to be there. But the school officials had started to get involved.
Worse still, my mother died suddenly not long after I dropped out of school, leaving me an orphan at 17.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Just when I couldn't live anymore, a science-fiction magazine saved me.
My background made my science-fiction works more creative.
答案全解全析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A
9.C 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.A
17.C 18.A 19.A 20.A 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.C
25.D 26.A 27.B 28.B 29.C 30.A 31.C 32.C
33.B 34.D 35.A 36.C 37.E 38.B 39.G 40.D
41.B 42.A 43.C 44.D 45.C 46.C 47.A 48.B
49.C 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.C 54.C 55.B
56.recommended 57.has been 58.attracting 59.a 60.movies 61.that 62.existence 63.where 64.silently 65.on
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书,包括它们的作者和主要内容。
21.A 细节理解题。根据第三个表格中的“taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth”以及“When Ransom returns to Earth”可知,Dr. Elwin Ransom来自地球。故选A。
22.D 细节理解题。根据最后一个表格中的第一句可知1953年这部极珍贵的小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟。故选D。
23.A 细节理解题。根据四个表格中的细节:
表格一 Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then
表格二 is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction
表格三 taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus
表格四 Future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology.
可知,这四种书的共同特点是:它们都展示了一个想象的世界。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。
24.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,有些父亲和儿子会因为运动、钓鱼或打猎而增进感情,但作者和父亲却因为《星际迷航》而增进感情。故选C。
25.D 推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句“我们两个人都在想着它们,不需要说一句话。所有这些对其他宇宙的想象共同为我和父亲创造了一个私人的宇宙。”可知,该段主要叙述了作者和父亲共同的爱好及其相关经历,体现了他们之间的良好关系。故选D。
26.A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,科幻小说不仅影响了作者和父亲的关系,还帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。作者现在是一名科幻小说作家。故选A。
27.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句可知,作者相信科幻小说的力量,不仅因为它能把梦想变成现实,还因为它能把那些对未来有着共同愿景的人联系在一起。后文主要讲述了作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。因此,“科幻小说的力量”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,作者以《流浪地球》的成功为例并结合自己读科幻小说的切身经历告诉我们科幻小说也有一定的现实意义——我们可以从中寻找一个了解未来的窗口。
28.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “since there hasn't been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past”可知,中国的科幻小说以前从来没取得过这样的成功,由此推断《流浪地球》是中国科幻小说第一次获得这样的成功。故选B。 本题易误选D项,原因在于忽视了第一段最后一句开头的“Many agree”,D项信息是很多人的观点,不一定是真实客观的。
29.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“My parents were the type...would ‘rot my brain’.(我的父母是那种试图引导我读纪实文学和名著的人。他们认为科幻小说和幻想作品是‘不切实际的谬论’,会‘腐蚀我的大脑’。)”可知,作者的父母不提倡他读科幻小说,故选C项。
30.A 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容,特别是“Actually, great science fiction writers...from reading science fiction.”可知人们可以从阅读科幻小说中学到很多关于科学及其可能的发展的知识,也就是说科幻小说对人们的现实生活是有影响的,所以本段主要介绍的是科幻小说的现实意义,故选A项。
31.C 词义猜测题。根据上文可知世界在变化,未来有一天我们可能住在火星上,也可能住在巨大的宇宙飞船里;也许我们将被迫把地球移到一个新的系统里,所以these scenarios指的是上文的这些设想,所以scenarios意为“设想,预测”,和ideas意思相近,故选C项。
D
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家发明出能听到声音的纤维,这种纤维不仅能被制成衣服监测心跳,还有望应用在更广泛的领域,如太空飞船、建筑和海洋探索中。
32.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientists have created a fibre (纤维) which can pick up sounds”可知,科学家的新发明是一种能听到声音的纤维。故选C。
33.B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The fibre can hear sounds as low as those in a quiet library”可知,这种新材料能听到像安静的图书馆里那样低的声音,B项中的“faint sounds(微弱的声音)”符合题意。故选B。
34.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,这种材料被发明出来后,研究团队把它织进了传统衣物中,当这种材料被编织到衬衫后面时,它可以捕捉到人们鼓掌的声音,织进衬衫的内衬时它可以捕捉到人的心跳。所以研究团队对其进行了性能测试,故选D。
35.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“there are possibilities beyond clothing” “It can be integrated...detect cracks or strains” “It can even be woven into a smart net to monitor fish in the ocean.”可知,这种材料除了制成衣服之外还可能有更加广泛的用途,比如集成到航天器外壳,嵌入建筑物,甚至编织成一个智能网。故选A。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。创作科幻小说是一个漫长且艰难的过程。文章说明了在科幻小说的创作中需要考虑的几个独特因素。
36.C 过渡句。由空前句可知,创作科幻小说和创作其他任何小说一样,创作者都想要构建一个令人满意的情节、发展有趣的角色,写优雅、生动的散文。C项中的“That said(话虽如此)”“requires many unique considerations(需要很多独特的考虑因素)”是对上一句的转折,同时引出本文的主题——写科幻小说时要考虑的几个独特因素,起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。
37.E 细节句。空后句“In sci-fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.”说在科幻小说中,那些问题可以是含蓄的,也可以是明确的。其中“those questions”与E项中的“have some sense of the question”相呼应,而且下文举例说明了写科幻小说所提出的问题,多次提到question(s)。故选E。
38.B 主旨句。该空位于段首,应为该段的主旨句。空后句谈到有了好的想法或情景并不意味着就有了一个故事;B项中的“telling a good story”与空后句及下文中的“have a story”和“come up with an appealing story”呼应。所以本段主要说明科幻小说要有吸引人的故事。故选B。
39.G 细节句。由此段首句“Create an interesting world.”可知本段介绍要创造一个有趣的世界,G项中的“World building”与“Create an interesting world”语义相符。所以G项(创造世界是创作一个引人入胜的科幻故事最重要的部分之一)符合该段的主题。故选G。
40.D 细节句。空前句表明无论那个世界多么奇怪或者荒诞,它仍然遵循内在一致的逻辑;D项(那种逻辑必然与支配现实的逻辑不同)中的“That logic”指的就是空前句中的“internally consistent logic”。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT是一款人工智能驱动的聊天程序,可以对用户提示做出回应,但它可能存在一些弊端和问题。
41.B 根据上文“has dominated social networks in recent weeks”以及下文“1 million people had logged on”可推知,此处指它的吸引力(appeal)如此之大,以至于推出这款聊天程序的人工智能公司OpenAI在它发布的几天内就宣布有100万人登录了它。故选B项。
42.A 根据上文提到的几天内就有100万人登录了ChatGPT以及该句中的“In comparison”可推知,此处为相比之下,Facebook和Spotify花了几个月时间才吸引到这样的参与度(involvement)。故选A项。
43.C 根据下文“ChatGPT's predecessor, the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3), could do that too.”可知,ChatGPT的前辈GPT-3也可以做到这一点,所以此处指能写出流畅而有逻辑的文字没有什么新奇的(novel)。故选C项。
44.D 根据下文“which significantly 45 the truthfulness and informativeness of its answers”可推知,此处指两个程序都按照大量的数据接受了训练,以可信的(believable)方式回答问题。故选D项。
45.C 根据上文提到的两个程序都接受了训练,以及“But ChatGPT has been fine-tuned by being fed with the data on human ‘conversations’”可知,此处指ChatGPT被输入了人类“对话”数据,这大大提高了(increased)其答案的真实性和信息量。故选C项。
46.C 根据下文“ChatGPT still produces answers that seem reasonable but are incorrect or nonsensical”可推知,此处指即便如此(Even so),ChatGPT仍然会给出一些看似合理但实际上是不正确或毫无意义的答案。故选C项。
47.A 根据上文提到的ChatGPT仍然会给出一些看似合理但实际上是不正确或毫无意义的答案可知,此处指就连自动程序自己也会说:“我的回答并不想被视为事实(facts)。”故选A项。
48.B 根据该句中的“This might be a big problem on the Internet”以及“to protect themselves against a flood of AI-generated content”可知,此处指这可能是互联网上的一个大问题,因为许多网络平台缺乏(lack)保护自己免受人工智能生成的内容洪流影响的能力。故选B项。
49.C 根据下文“tools that could be used to mass-produce fake news and messages”可推知,此处指人类管理员无法处理(handle)大量可信但错误的回复。故选C项。
50.B 根据下一段的“Letting loose ChatGPT raises the question of whether content produced by it can be truly trusted.”以及“In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.”可推知,此处指提供可能用于大规模制造假新闻和假信息的工具是有风险的(risky)。故选B项。
51.D 根据下文“Artificial intelligence has no human 52 :ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say...; it has no grasp of human experience, and cannot...”可推知,此处指人类作者能对自己的作品负责(responsible for...),而人工智能则不能。故选D项。
52.A 根据下文“ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it produces a response”可知,此处指人工智能没有人类的意识。故选A项。
53.C 根据该句中的“it has no grasp of human experience”可知,这里指它不了解人类的经验,也不知道这些经验是否有意义(making sense)。故选C项。
54.C 根据下文“In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.”可知,此处指人工智能的潜在危害不应被低估(underestimated)。故选C项。
55.B 根据上文提到的人工智能的潜在危害不应被低估,如果落入坏人之手,它可能成为大规模杀伤性武器,以及该句中的supervision(监督)可推知,此处指人类的监督和谨慎(caution)是必要的。故选B项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了彼得和弟弟昨晚看的电影《男孩的汗水》,电影中的主角詹姆斯从小爱读科幻小说,受此影响坚信外星人和神秘力量的存在。
56.recommended 考查过去分词。句意:电影的名字是《男孩的汗水》,是同学推荐给他的。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语,设空处作The Boy's Sweat的后置定语,应用非谓语动词。recommend“推荐”和The Boy's Sweat逻辑上是被动关系,所以应用recommend的过去分词形式。故填recommended。
57.has been 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这部电影最近很火,吸引了大量的观众。分析句子可知,设空处为句子的谓语,时间状语为recently,应用现在完成时,且主语The movie为单数,助动词用has。故填has been。
58.attracting 考查现在分词。句子主干成分完整,设空处的动作和谓语动作同时发生,作伴随状语,attract“吸引”和句子主语The movie逻辑上是主动关系,应用attract的现在分词形式。故填attracting。
59.a 考查冠词。句意:这部电影的主角是詹姆斯,一个出生在古巴共和国的男孩。分析句子可知,此处是同位语,介绍詹姆斯的身份,表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,boy的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
60.movies 考查名词复数。science fiction movie意为“科幻电影”,在句中作watching的宾语,空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语,故应用movie的复数形式。故填movies。
61.that 考查强调句。句意:正是连环漫画杂志中神秘组织的影响使他坚信外星人和神秘力量的存在。此处为强调句型“It is+被强调部分+that...”,被强调部分为句子的主语the influence of mysterious organizations in comic books。故填that。
62.existence 考查名词。根据设空处前面的冠词the和后面的介词of可知这里应用exist的名词形式existence“存在”(不可数名词)。
63.where 考查定语从句。句意:他也相信有一天我们生活的家园会发生灾难,所以他意识到他有责任保护它。分析句子可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词home,先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点,作地点状语,应用关系副词where。
64.silently 考查副词。设空处修饰动词works,应用副词,故填silently“默默地,静静地”。
65.on 考查介词。have a great effect on...表示“对……有很大的影响”。故填on。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently There is an impressive collection of smart robots on show at the China International Exhibition Center from January 5, lasting for 3 days.
The exhibition shows the latest technologies and related products from home and abroad. Visitors can enjoy fun interaction with many clever robots, which not only demonstrate the dramatic development of high technology but also arouse their interest in robotic science.
Would you like to visit the exhibition along with me I'm sure you will benefit a lot from it. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Just when I couldn't live anymore, a science-fiction magazine saved me. When I read Writer's Digest, an idea came into my mind. Why didn't I make a living by writing for it That's something I could do. After finishing my first novel, I contacted the magazine. Guess what!My novel was accepted.I thought with relief that my life made sense at last. It's a career path where all of my reading paid off and where I wouldn't be shut out because of my illness.
My background made my science-fiction works more creative. I didn't know what it was like to have a normal family and life, but that was what made my science fiction unique. One of my science-fiction novels was about a magical island world where teenagers fight light wars against mirrors joyfully. Being different, it turned out, was a benefit when it came to writing science fiction. Thanks to science fiction, without it, I would never have had any dreams and would never have made anything I could share with the world.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册
单元达标检测
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Why does the woman talk to the man
A.To order some furniture.
B.To recommend a job.
C.To ask for help.
2.What does the woman ask the man to do
A.Put a bag away. B.Fetch a bag. C.Pick up her son.
3.What type of book is the woman reading
A.Science fiction. B.Horror fiction. C.Romantic fiction.
4.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A.A library. B.A writer. C.A book.
5.What do we know about the woman
A.She has free lunch in her company.
B.She's a very hard-working employee.
C.She got a low bonus.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What does the woman's backpack look like
A.It is made of leather.
B.There is a pattern on it.
C.A handkerchief is tied to it.
7.How does the woman probably feel in the end
A.Disappointed. B.Relieved. C.Worried.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What did the woman just do
A.She rushed for the train.
B.She got off the train.
C.She came back from town.
9.What do we know about the woman
A.Her coat was lost.
B.Her phone was stolen.
C.Her sports shoes are dirty.
10.Which word can best describe the woman
A.Disorganized. B.Reliable. C.Sporty.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What's the man's problem
A.His dormitory is too noisy.
B.He is hard to get along with.
C.He is looked down upon.
12.What does the man ask the woman to do
A.Communicate with David.
B.Change his room.
C.Forbid David having fun.
13.Who is the woman
A.David's friend.
B.The man's teacher.
C.The man's classmate.
听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。
14.What does the man suggest the woman do about her book
A.Call a publisher.
B.Advertise it herself.
C.Ask their teacher for advice.
15.How many pages does the woman's book have
A.About 200. B.About 350. C.About 700.
16.What will the woman give the man to read
A.A digital copy.
B.A printed copy.
C.A handwritten copy.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.What is the biggest difference between weak AI and strong AI
A.Cost.
B.Service time.
C.Human involvement.
18.Which of the following belongs to weak AI
A.Apple's Siri. B.A self-driving car. C.AlphaGo.
19.What is many experts' attitude toward the future of AI
A.Supportive. B.Uncertain. C.Critical.
20.What will be discussed about AI next
A.The problems to deal with.
B.An example of weak AI.
C.The benefits of it.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
1.The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses to a strange-looking meteorite(陨石)in England. Not long after, it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and an invasion is around the corner. What is it like for man, the dominator of Earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens
2.The Dune Saga(沙丘) by Frank Herbert Published from 1965 to 1985, The Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul's descendants(后裔),ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.
3.The Space Trilogy by C.S. Lewis This series contains three books that were published from 1938 to 1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus. On these planets,the residents are not corrupt(腐败的), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.
4.Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burns them. The main character,Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture is obsessed with a society of television but doesn't realize the value and the freedom that come with literature.
21.Where is Dr. Elwin Ransom originally from
A.Earth. B.Venus.
C.Mars. D.Arrakis.
22.Which book explores the potential of technology to make humans less free
A.The War of the Worlds. B.The Dune Saga.
C.The Space Trilogy. D.Fahrenheit 451.
23.What do the four kinds of books have in common
A.They show an imaginary world.
B.They each have two main characters.
C.They explore the nature of humanity.
D.They were published in the 20th century.
B
I believe in the power of science fiction, not just for its capacity to turn dreams into reality, but also for its power to gather those who share a common view about the future. For me,that's true of my relationship with my dad. Some fathers and sons bond over sports, fishing or hunting, but my dad and I bond over Star Trek. We tried a trip to Disney World, but one of my earliest memories wasn't Mickey, but a Klingon battle cruiser on the screen.
Over the years, nearly every situation has become far away for my dad and me. When it's warm at night, we're not driving along some dark streets in Indiana, but going at slow speed with stars dimly shining. Both of us are thinking of them, without needing to say a word. All these imaginations of other universes have together created a private universe for my dad and me.
Gene Roddenberry, creator of Star Trek, once said, “Science fiction is a way of thinking, a way of logic that bypasses a lot of nonsense. It allows people to look directly at important subjects.” A lifetime of science fiction has influenced more than just my relationship with my dad, and it has also helped me shape my own hopes for the future. I'm now a science fiction writer.
Yes, science fiction has made me into a “nerd” and it has also been a source of joy for my family, making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology. Thank those authors who have shared their visions; the world and my family are better for it. Thank my dad, who is both the best storyteller and the best man I have ever known.
24.What contributes to the bond between the author and his father
A.Their similar dream. B.Their love for each other.
C.Their common interest. D.Their hobby of fishing.
25.What does the author mainly want to show in Paragraph 2
A.His deep impression of his dad.
B.His feeling of staying with his dad.
C.His earliest memory of his dad.
D.His good relationship with his dad.
26.How does science fiction help the author at present
A.It leads him to pursue a desirable career.
B.It brings him the courage to live better.
C.It inspires him to face the danger of technology.
D.It makes him a source of his family's joy.
27.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Wonders Science Brings.
B.The Power of Science Fiction.
C.The Stories About Science Fiction.
D.The Time Together with My Father.
C
Shortly after its opening on the first day of Chinese New Year, The Wandering Earth began to gain momentum(展现强劲势头). In a little over a week, it made 2.8 billion yuan in the domestic market alone. The film's popularity and success have come as a surprise to many reviewers especially since there hasn't been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past. Many agree that this film will change the embarrassing situation and bring a new age of Chinese science fiction.
As a genre(类型), Chinese science fiction has lagged behind general fiction in both the film and publishing industries. Even Liu Cixin's(the author who wrote the short story on which The Wandering Earth is based) The Three-Body Problem—which is currently quite popular—didn't have many readers until it was translated into English and won the Hugo Award in 2015. Personally, I haven't read much of any genre written in Chinese, but I do notice that there aren't many separate sections in the bookstore dedicated to science fiction. I cannot speak for everyone, but some people seem to have misunderstandings regarding the genre.
My parents were the type who tried to steer me in the direction of non-fiction and the classics. They believed that science fiction and fantasies were “unrealistic nonsense” and would “rot my brain”. Actually, great science fiction writers do their research. More often than not, one can learn a great deal about science and its possible development from reading science fiction. Sure, some of the concepts may be confusing or technical in nature, but that is also part of the appeal. Things like the Internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized(建立理论) in science fiction before they were invented. The authors simply use a combination of science and their imagination to create worlds different from the Earth of today, from which we can get bits and pieces that can be turned into reality.
The world is changing. There may very well be a time when Earth is no longer able to sustain the entire population. We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships; perhaps we will be forced to move Earth to a new system just like what The Wandering Earth shows. Each of these scenarios has appeared in science fiction multiple times. If we are prepared for what is to come, we can look to modern science fiction for a window into the future.
28.What can we know about The Wandering Earth
A.Critics thought highly of the film before its release.
B.It is the first time that Chinese science fiction has achieved such success.
C.The film was adapted from a short story in The Three-Body Problem.
D.This film will put Chinese science fiction into a new age.
29.We can learn from the article that the author .
A.has little interest in science fiction
B.has never read Chinese science fiction
C.was not advocated reading science fiction by his parents
D.has not been prepared for the future development
30.What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A.The practical significance of science fiction.
B.Real technologies inspired by science fiction.
C.People's misunderstandings about science fiction.
D.Imaginary worlds created by science fiction writers.
31.What does the underlined word “scenarios” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Strategies. B.Proposals. C.Ideas. D.Pictures.
D
Imagine if your clothes could pick up the sounds of everything going on around you. Scientists have created a fibre(纤维) which can pick up sounds and could be used as a hearing aid to monitor heartbeats or even in spacecraft.
The new fibre works like a microphone. It picks up sounds and turns them into vibrations(震动) and then electrical signals, in a similar way to how ears work. When woven(编织) into a shirt, the fibre can even detect a wearer's heartbeat, the researchers say. The fibre can hear sounds as low as those in a quiet library, as well as louder sounds from heavy road traffic. It can even accurately tell the direction of sudden sounds like handclaps.
The fibre was created by engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) and researchers at the Rhode Island School of Design. “Wearing a piece of clothing that can hear, you might talk through it to answer phone calls and communicate with others,” said lead author Yet Wan, who created the technology at MIT.
Once they had created the fibre, the team wove it into a more traditional piece of clothing which was much more flexible. When it was woven into the back of a shirt, it was able to pick up the sound of people clapping and even tell the direction of the clap. When woven into the shirt's lining(内衬), it could pick up the person's heartbeat, which the researchers think could be used in a pregnant woman's clothes to monitor a baby's heartbeat.
As well as wearable hearing aids and clothes that track your heartbeat, the team says there are possibilities beyond clothing. “It can be integrated into a spacecraft's skin to listen to space dust, or embedded in(嵌入) buildings to detect cracks or strains,” Yet suggests. “It can even be woven into a smart net to monitor fish in the ocean.”
32.What is the scientists' new invention
A.A lightweight fibre. B.A new skin of spacecraft.
C.A fibre that can hear. D.A microphone that can talk.
33.What can we learn about the new material
A.It is easily damaged by loud sounds.
B.It can even pick up faint sounds.
C.It works more accurately than human ears.
D.It fails to recognize the direction of sounds.
34.What did the team do after creating the new material
A.They wove it into babies' clothes.
B.They turned it into a fishing net.
C.They put it into mass production.
D.They tested its performance.
35.What do Yet's words in the last paragraph suggest
A.The fibre has a wide range of applications.
B.The fibre can bring in a big profit.
C.The fibre needs to be improved.
D.The fibre is more expensive than traditional material.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Writing a great science fiction novel is a long, hard process. As with any novel, you'll want to construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose. 36
Remember that science fiction is about ideas. Different from other genres, a good science fiction story depends on a great imagination. 37 In sci-fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit. For example, many early works of sci-fi make their questions obvious. In The War of the Worlds, the question is:What would happen to human society if it were invaded(入侵) by technologically advanced aliens
38 It's one thing to have a great idea or situation, but it's another to have a story. While science fiction novels are often thought experiments, they also can't just be thought experiments. That means you're going to have to come up with an appealing story that brings these questions to life. Ask yourself:What is the change that will occur over the course of your story, either in the world or in the life of the main characters
Create an interesting world. 39 The intricately(错综复杂地) imagined details that make up your world should flow in some way from the idea at the heart of your story. In that way, the world you create in your sci-fi novel also reveals something about your point of view on the real world. Even the most fantastically imagined story is still a reflection of real-world questions and problems.
Make sure the rules of your world are consistent.One of the qualities that set sci-fi novels apart from the works of fantasy and surrealism(超现实主义) is that no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys internally consistent logic. 40 But instead of being absurd, it must be understandable and in order for it to feel believable.
A.Focus on character development.
B.Make sure you're telling a good story.
C.That said, writing science fiction requires many unique considerations.
D.That logic will necessarily be different from the logic that governs reality.
E.Before you start writing, have some sense of the question your novel is asking.
F.A sci-fi novel set in a technologically backward world would violate the rules of the reality.
G.World building is one of the most important parts of creating a compelling sci-fi story.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence-driven chatbot(聊天程序) that responds to user prompts, has dominated social networks in recent weeks. Its 41 is such that within days of its launch, OpenAI, the artificial intelligence company behind the chatbot, announced that 1 million people had logged on. In comparison, Facebook and Spotify took months to attract that level of 42 . The attraction is obvious:ChatGPT can generate jokes, essays and computer code from a short writing prompt.
There's nothing 43 in software that produces fluent and logical writing. ChatGPT's predecessor, the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3(GPT-3), could do that too. Both were trained on an unimaginably large amount of data to answer questions in a 44 way. But ChatGPT has been fine-tuned by being fed with the data on human “conversations”, which significantly 45 the truthfulness and informativeness of its answers.
46 , ChatGPT still produces answers that seem reasonable but are incorrect or nonsensical. Even the bot itself says, “My responses are not intended to be taken as 47 .” This might be a big problem on the Internet, as many web platforms 48 the capability to protect themselves against a flood of AI-generated content. Such websites as Stack Overflow, where users can find answers to programming-related questions, had to ban ChatGPT-produced posts, as human administrators(管理员) could not 49 the volumes of believable but wrong replies. It is 50 to provide tools that could be used to mass-produce fake news and messages.
Letting loose ChatGPT raises the question of whether content produced by it can be truly trusted. A human author is 51 their work in a way AI is not. Artificial intelligence has no human 52 :ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it produces a response; it has no grasp of human experience, and cannot tell if it is 53 . While OpenAI has safeguards to refuse inappropriate requests, such as to tell users how to commit crimes, these can be bypassed. AI's potential for harm should not be 54 . In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.
No one knows what will happen to such technologies if the software engineers of the future will themselves be software programs. “Human supervision and 55 are required,” OpenAI's researchers have warned.
41.A.attempt B.appeal C.purpose D.solution
42.A.involvement B.point
C.competition D.ambition
43.A.harmful B.positive C.novel D.obvious
44.A.creative B.general C.simple D.believable
45.A.converted B.impressed C.increased D.limited
46.A.In brief B.As a result C.Even so D.Loosely speaking
47.A.facts B.routine
C.discrimination D.details
48.A.expel B.lack C.expect D.improve
49.A.answer B.provide C.handle D.collect
50.A.experimental B.risky
C.unnecessary D.reliable
51.A.scared of B.open to
C.pleased with D.responsible for
52.A.consciousness B.innovation
C.emotion D.curiosity
53.A.fitting in B.hanging on
C.making sense D.achieving goals
54.A.rejected B.blamed
C.underestimated D.contributed
55.A.civilization B.caution
C.loss D.pressure
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peter took his brother to the movies last night. The cinema is next to his house, so it's very convenient. The title of the film is The Boy's Sweat, 56 (recommend) to him by his classmate. The movie 57 (be) very hot recently, 58 (attract) a large number of viewers. The main character of the film is James, 59 boy, born in the Republic of Cuba. Because his parents are too busy to look after him, he is very independent. He has been fond of reading comic books and watching science fiction 60 (movie) since his childhood. It is the influence of mysterious organizations in comic books 61 makes him definitely convinced of the 62 (exist) of aliens and mysterious power. He also believes that one day there will be a disaster in the home 63 we live, so he is aware of his duty to protect it. James is a bit awkward in many aspects, but he works 64 (silent) like a cow, constantly overcoming the difficulties on his way and moving one step closer to his goal. His spirit has a great effect 65 many young people.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,中国国际展览中心(China International Exhibition Center)正在举办智能机器人展览。请给你的交换生朋友Arthur写一封邮件,邀请他一起去参观,内容包括:
1.时间和地点;
2.展览相关情况;
3.诚邀一同前往。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Arthur,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I loved reading books very much as a child, but my single mother was struggling financially, so I often went to the library to read for free. My favorite books were science fiction. Once, I spent a whole afternoon reading science fiction in the library.
While I was enjoying reading, an illness nearly knocked me down. My illness was very strange, and no one really knew what it was. I always woke up with a rush of urine(尿). And then I found out that the disease had impacted my entire life. I remember when I was in the sixth grade, I had to go to the bathroom in the middle of a class. Realizing I had to go to the front of the class and write my name on the blackboard in order to go to the bathroom, I put up with it. By the end of class, the urine had soaked through(渗透) my jeans and my chair had been wet. Since then I had no deskmate. And my shame spread from my class to the whole school.
After that, I became more isolated and silent, but I got a ride to the library once a week and checked out all the science fiction novels I could carry. Thanks to them, I got through the days when I was sick and couldn't go to school.
When I was fifteen, the high school asked my mother to take me out from school. My mother and I were both relieved. I had managed to get excellent grades despite missing 85% of my classes, but the school couldn't put up with my absence from school most of the time. My mother could see how sick I was, and knew how much I actually wanted to be there. But the school officials had started to get involved.
Worse still, my mother died suddenly not long after I dropped out of school, leaving me an orphan at 17.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Just when I couldn't live anymore, a science-fiction magazine saved me.
My background made my science-fiction works more creative.
答案全解全析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A
9.C 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.A
17.C 18.A 19.A 20.A 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.C
25.D 26.A 27.B 28.B 29.C 30.A 31.C 32.C
33.B 34.D 35.A 36.C 37.E 38.B 39.G 40.D
41.B 42.A 43.C 44.D 45.C 46.C 47.A 48.B
49.C 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.C 54.C 55.B
56.recommended 57.has been 58.attracting 59.a 60.movies 61.that 62.existence 63.where 64.silently 65.on
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书,包括它们的作者和主要内容。
21.A 细节理解题。根据第三个表格中的“taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth”以及“When Ransom returns to Earth”可知,Dr. Elwin Ransom来自地球。故选A。
22.D 细节理解题。根据最后一个表格中的第一句可知1953年这部极珍贵的小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟。故选D。
23.A 细节理解题。根据四个表格中的细节:
表格一 Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then
表格二 is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction
表格三 taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus
表格四 Future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology.
可知,这四种书的共同特点是:它们都展示了一个想象的世界。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。
24.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,有些父亲和儿子会因为运动、钓鱼或打猎而增进感情,但作者和父亲却因为《星际迷航》而增进感情。故选C。
25.D 推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句“我们两个人都在想着它们,不需要说一句话。所有这些对其他宇宙的想象共同为我和父亲创造了一个私人的宇宙。”可知,该段主要叙述了作者和父亲共同的爱好及其相关经历,体现了他们之间的良好关系。故选D。
26.A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,科幻小说不仅影响了作者和父亲的关系,还帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。作者现在是一名科幻小说作家。故选A。
27.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句可知,作者相信科幻小说的力量,不仅因为它能把梦想变成现实,还因为它能把那些对未来有着共同愿景的人联系在一起。后文主要讲述了作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。因此,“科幻小说的力量”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,作者以《流浪地球》的成功为例并结合自己读科幻小说的切身经历告诉我们科幻小说也有一定的现实意义——我们可以从中寻找一个了解未来的窗口。
28.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “since there hasn't been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past”可知,中国的科幻小说以前从来没取得过这样的成功,由此推断《流浪地球》是中国科幻小说第一次获得这样的成功。故选B。 本题易误选D项,原因在于忽视了第一段最后一句开头的“Many agree”,D项信息是很多人的观点,不一定是真实客观的。
29.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“My parents were the type...would ‘rot my brain’.(我的父母是那种试图引导我读纪实文学和名著的人。他们认为科幻小说和幻想作品是‘不切实际的谬论’,会‘腐蚀我的大脑’。)”可知,作者的父母不提倡他读科幻小说,故选C项。
30.A 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容,特别是“Actually, great science fiction writers...from reading science fiction.”可知人们可以从阅读科幻小说中学到很多关于科学及其可能的发展的知识,也就是说科幻小说对人们的现实生活是有影响的,所以本段主要介绍的是科幻小说的现实意义,故选A项。
31.C 词义猜测题。根据上文可知世界在变化,未来有一天我们可能住在火星上,也可能住在巨大的宇宙飞船里;也许我们将被迫把地球移到一个新的系统里,所以these scenarios指的是上文的这些设想,所以scenarios意为“设想,预测”,和ideas意思相近,故选C项。
D
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家发明出能听到声音的纤维,这种纤维不仅能被制成衣服监测心跳,还有望应用在更广泛的领域,如太空飞船、建筑和海洋探索中。
32.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientists have created a fibre (纤维) which can pick up sounds”可知,科学家的新发明是一种能听到声音的纤维。故选C。
33.B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The fibre can hear sounds as low as those in a quiet library”可知,这种新材料能听到像安静的图书馆里那样低的声音,B项中的“faint sounds(微弱的声音)”符合题意。故选B。
34.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,这种材料被发明出来后,研究团队把它织进了传统衣物中,当这种材料被编织到衬衫后面时,它可以捕捉到人们鼓掌的声音,织进衬衫的内衬时它可以捕捉到人的心跳。所以研究团队对其进行了性能测试,故选D。
35.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“there are possibilities beyond clothing” “It can be integrated...detect cracks or strains” “It can even be woven into a smart net to monitor fish in the ocean.”可知,这种材料除了制成衣服之外还可能有更加广泛的用途,比如集成到航天器外壳,嵌入建筑物,甚至编织成一个智能网。故选A。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。创作科幻小说是一个漫长且艰难的过程。文章说明了在科幻小说的创作中需要考虑的几个独特因素。
36.C 过渡句。由空前句可知,创作科幻小说和创作其他任何小说一样,创作者都想要构建一个令人满意的情节、发展有趣的角色,写优雅、生动的散文。C项中的“That said(话虽如此)”“requires many unique considerations(需要很多独特的考虑因素)”是对上一句的转折,同时引出本文的主题——写科幻小说时要考虑的几个独特因素,起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。
37.E 细节句。空后句“In sci-fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.”说在科幻小说中,那些问题可以是含蓄的,也可以是明确的。其中“those questions”与E项中的“have some sense of the question”相呼应,而且下文举例说明了写科幻小说所提出的问题,多次提到question(s)。故选E。
38.B 主旨句。该空位于段首,应为该段的主旨句。空后句谈到有了好的想法或情景并不意味着就有了一个故事;B项中的“telling a good story”与空后句及下文中的“have a story”和“come up with an appealing story”呼应。所以本段主要说明科幻小说要有吸引人的故事。故选B。
39.G 细节句。由此段首句“Create an interesting world.”可知本段介绍要创造一个有趣的世界,G项中的“World building”与“Create an interesting world”语义相符。所以G项(创造世界是创作一个引人入胜的科幻故事最重要的部分之一)符合该段的主题。故选G。
40.D 细节句。空前句表明无论那个世界多么奇怪或者荒诞,它仍然遵循内在一致的逻辑;D项(那种逻辑必然与支配现实的逻辑不同)中的“That logic”指的就是空前句中的“internally consistent logic”。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT是一款人工智能驱动的聊天程序,可以对用户提示做出回应,但它可能存在一些弊端和问题。
41.B 根据上文“has dominated social networks in recent weeks”以及下文“1 million people had logged on”可推知,此处指它的吸引力(appeal)如此之大,以至于推出这款聊天程序的人工智能公司OpenAI在它发布的几天内就宣布有100万人登录了它。故选B项。
42.A 根据上文提到的几天内就有100万人登录了ChatGPT以及该句中的“In comparison”可推知,此处为相比之下,Facebook和Spotify花了几个月时间才吸引到这样的参与度(involvement)。故选A项。
43.C 根据下文“ChatGPT's predecessor, the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3), could do that too.”可知,ChatGPT的前辈GPT-3也可以做到这一点,所以此处指能写出流畅而有逻辑的文字没有什么新奇的(novel)。故选C项。
44.D 根据下文“which significantly 45 the truthfulness and informativeness of its answers”可推知,此处指两个程序都按照大量的数据接受了训练,以可信的(believable)方式回答问题。故选D项。
45.C 根据上文提到的两个程序都接受了训练,以及“But ChatGPT has been fine-tuned by being fed with the data on human ‘conversations’”可知,此处指ChatGPT被输入了人类“对话”数据,这大大提高了(increased)其答案的真实性和信息量。故选C项。
46.C 根据下文“ChatGPT still produces answers that seem reasonable but are incorrect or nonsensical”可推知,此处指即便如此(Even so),ChatGPT仍然会给出一些看似合理但实际上是不正确或毫无意义的答案。故选C项。
47.A 根据上文提到的ChatGPT仍然会给出一些看似合理但实际上是不正确或毫无意义的答案可知,此处指就连自动程序自己也会说:“我的回答并不想被视为事实(facts)。”故选A项。
48.B 根据该句中的“This might be a big problem on the Internet”以及“to protect themselves against a flood of AI-generated content”可知,此处指这可能是互联网上的一个大问题,因为许多网络平台缺乏(lack)保护自己免受人工智能生成的内容洪流影响的能力。故选B项。
49.C 根据下文“tools that could be used to mass-produce fake news and messages”可推知,此处指人类管理员无法处理(handle)大量可信但错误的回复。故选C项。
50.B 根据下一段的“Letting loose ChatGPT raises the question of whether content produced by it can be truly trusted.”以及“In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.”可推知,此处指提供可能用于大规模制造假新闻和假信息的工具是有风险的(risky)。故选B项。
51.D 根据下文“Artificial intelligence has no human 52 :ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say...; it has no grasp of human experience, and cannot...”可推知,此处指人类作者能对自己的作品负责(responsible for...),而人工智能则不能。故选D项。
52.A 根据下文“ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it produces a response”可知,此处指人工智能没有人类的意识。故选A项。
53.C 根据该句中的“it has no grasp of human experience”可知,这里指它不了解人类的经验,也不知道这些经验是否有意义(making sense)。故选C项。
54.C 根据下文“In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.”可知,此处指人工智能的潜在危害不应被低估(underestimated)。故选C项。
55.B 根据上文提到的人工智能的潜在危害不应被低估,如果落入坏人之手,它可能成为大规模杀伤性武器,以及该句中的supervision(监督)可推知,此处指人类的监督和谨慎(caution)是必要的。故选B项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了彼得和弟弟昨晚看的电影《男孩的汗水》,电影中的主角詹姆斯从小爱读科幻小说,受此影响坚信外星人和神秘力量的存在。
56.recommended 考查过去分词。句意:电影的名字是《男孩的汗水》,是同学推荐给他的。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语,设空处作The Boy's Sweat的后置定语,应用非谓语动词。recommend“推荐”和The Boy's Sweat逻辑上是被动关系,所以应用recommend的过去分词形式。故填recommended。
57.has been 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这部电影最近很火,吸引了大量的观众。分析句子可知,设空处为句子的谓语,时间状语为recently,应用现在完成时,且主语The movie为单数,助动词用has。故填has been。
58.attracting 考查现在分词。句子主干成分完整,设空处的动作和谓语动作同时发生,作伴随状语,attract“吸引”和句子主语The movie逻辑上是主动关系,应用attract的现在分词形式。故填attracting。
59.a 考查冠词。句意:这部电影的主角是詹姆斯,一个出生在古巴共和国的男孩。分析句子可知,此处是同位语,介绍詹姆斯的身份,表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,boy的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
60.movies 考查名词复数。science fiction movie意为“科幻电影”,在句中作watching的宾语,空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语,故应用movie的复数形式。故填movies。
61.that 考查强调句。句意:正是连环漫画杂志中神秘组织的影响使他坚信外星人和神秘力量的存在。此处为强调句型“It is+被强调部分+that...”,被强调部分为句子的主语the influence of mysterious organizations in comic books。故填that。
62.existence 考查名词。根据设空处前面的冠词the和后面的介词of可知这里应用exist的名词形式existence“存在”(不可数名词)。
63.where 考查定语从句。句意:他也相信有一天我们生活的家园会发生灾难,所以他意识到他有责任保护它。分析句子可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词home,先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点,作地点状语,应用关系副词where。
64.silently 考查副词。设空处修饰动词works,应用副词,故填silently“默默地,静静地”。
65.on 考查介词。have a great effect on...表示“对……有很大的影响”。故填on。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently There is an impressive collection of smart robots on show at the China International Exhibition Center from January 5, lasting for 3 days.
The exhibition shows the latest technologies and related products from home and abroad. Visitors can enjoy fun interaction with many clever robots, which not only demonstrate the dramatic development of high technology but also arouse their interest in robotic science.
Would you like to visit the exhibition along with me I'm sure you will benefit a lot from it. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Just when I couldn't live anymore, a science-fiction magazine saved me. When I read Writer's Digest, an idea came into my mind. Why didn't I make a living by writing for it That's something I could do. After finishing my first novel, I contacted the magazine. Guess what!My novel was accepted.I thought with relief that my life made sense at last. It's a career path where all of my reading paid off and where I wouldn't be shut out because of my illness.
My background made my science-fiction works more creative. I didn't know what it was like to have a normal family and life, but that was what made my science fiction unique. One of my science-fiction novels was about a magical island world where teenagers fight light wars against mirrors joyfully. Being different, it turned out, was a benefit when it came to writing science fiction. Thanks to science fiction, without it, I would never have had any dreams and would never have made anything I could share with the world.
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