2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--UNIT 3 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（含答案与解析）
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The three astronauts aboard the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship have entered China Space Station the command of Ye Guangfu.
2.The details of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries have been under (negotiate) for several years.
3. a practical point of view, the most straightforward approach is to throw ourselves into the task hand.
4.It is known that the removal of the drug dependence causes painful (withdraw) symptoms.
5.(2024湖北荆门期末)However, not all reviewers are like this. Some of them are writing positive reviews in return a payment or gifts from the maker.
6.(2021天津3月改编)China's National Highway 318, (extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
7.(2024新课标Ⅰ)According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
8.(2023全国甲)With millions of people likely (take)on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.
Ⅱ.选词填空
set sail;in a league of one's own; withdraw from; find one's way to
China's Antarctic expeditions date back to the early 1980s. In 1984, China's expedition team 1. the Antarctic.In October, 1994, known as Snow Dragon(雪龙号), the icebreaker carrying a research team 2. from Shanghai, which was China's first Antarctic expedition with our own icebreaker. On April, 2023, our researchers 3. Antarctica, finishing the 39th Antarctic expedition. Snow Dragon is 4. during the polar mission.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.(2023全国甲写作)在那个时期,急需统一度量衡,以保证国家赋税收入。(urgent)
In the phase to unify weights and measures to guarantee the country's tax revenue.
2.正如预想的那样,这种新型材料非常环保,并且可以被重复利用。(as)
, this new material is environmentally friendly and can be reused.
3.他脸上的笑容就像春日里的阳光那样灿烂。他决定尽他所能去帮助那些有需要的人。(what引导的宾语从句)
The smile on his face was as brilliant as the sun on a spring day. He decided to do in need.(读后续写—人物描写)
4.由于帐篷所剩无几,士兵把它们分发给灾民,而他们自己睡在地上。(there be...left;distribute)
, so the soldiers the victims, and they themselves slept on the ground.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Trade and curiosity often form the 1 (found) of mankind's greatest achievements.
Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers 2 (search) for sea routes from west to east. But merchants and explorers from the East set sail many years before Columbus first 3 (do). Apart from the Silk Road forming from China to other countries, a trading route across the sea was extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, 4 (centre) around Ceylon.
When it was the Ming Dynasty, it further developed relations with the regions to the west of China. Seven large 5 (fleet)sailed west for trade and exploration, which were under the command of Zheng He. They set sail from the South China Sea and eventually 6 the east coast of Africa.
To reach out across the sea continues to be 7 strong wish now. The sea routes travelled by Zheng He in ancient times are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, 8 belongs to the Belt and Road Initiative.
China is also involved in other important projects with 9 (it) friends across the sea. The need to trade 10 the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to cross the sea far into the future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024江西宜春期末)
Seagrass meadows(海草床) are the lungs of the sea. Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks, 1 huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks was recently discovered, offering the world a tool 2 (fight) climate change.
In this study, tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their 3 (high) consistent associations with seagrass ecosystems. They spend 70% of their time in seagrass meadows. The team equipped eight tiger sharks 4 satellite tags, and used a 360-degree camera on a shark for the first time ever.
So far, the world's largest seagrass ecosystem, measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers, 5 (discover). This reflects a 41% increase compared with previous estimates of global seagrass. In terms of climate change, seagrass is 35 times 6 (fast) in removing carbon than tropical rainforests. Yet seagrass meadows are rapidly disappearing, with over 92% of seagrass meadows in the UK 7 (go). Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration 8 (project). This new discovery offers optimism and proves the importance of the ocean for healing.
The sharks led us to the seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas, 9 is likely to be the most significant blue carbon sink on the planet. The discovery shows us that ocean exploration and research play an important role in solving 10 (globe) issues like climate change.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024福建三明一中月考)
Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship(MAS) set sail from Plymouth, England. The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. But unlike the original Mayflower, there are no people on board. Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence(AI) system called the “AI Captain”.
The MAS is a project run by an organization called ProMare along with IBM, aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. The new Mayflower's electric motor is powered by solar energy. The builders of the ship say they hope that it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach. If this can be handled by machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research.
Since the MAS didn't have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the sea water.
Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team decided to withdraw it to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again.
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The top speed for the MAS is about 10 miles per hour. That may seem slow, but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the journey.
1.What can be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A.Travelling across the Atlantic. B.Developing new AI captain systems.
C.Testing the new robotic ship of IBM. D.Exploring the ocean with high technology.
2.What aspect of the MAS does the third paragraph tell us
A.Its operating system. B.Its working principle.
C.Its functional equipment. D.Its design philosophy.
3.What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A.The AI Captain sent wrong instructions.
B.The electric motor got affected by something.
C.The scientists wanted to change the ship's route.
D.The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis.
4.What could be the best title for the text
A.A Robotic Ship's Global Voyage B.New Mayflower Crossing the Atlantic
C.New Mayflower's Failed Mission D.AI Captain System Guiding a Robotic Ship
B
(2024山东临沂月考)
Sea life near Turkey is being threatened by a layer of brown foam on the ocean's surface.
The actual name of the foam is mucilage(黏液). Scientists first noticed and described mucilage in 2007, when it was found near Turkey. Then, it was also found in other parts of the Aegean Sea, near Greece.
This year's outbreak of mucilage is the worst ever logged. It's been developing for seven months and is now covering large parts of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea, surrounded by land belonging to Turkey, and connected to the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.
There are many different kinds of algae(海藻), and it's natural and normal for algae to grow in the ocean or in other bodies of water. But when there is lots of food for the algae, and other conditions are just right, there can be “an algae bloom” which results in algae growing quickly and in huge amounts and in very bad situations, mucilage is the result.
There are two main causes for the outbreak of mucilage. One is the heavy pollution—sewage, fertilizers and other chemicals flowing into the Sea of Marmara. The second cause is higher water temperatures caused by climate change.
The mucilage causes problems in lots of different ways. By covering the ocean's surface, it stops sunlight from reaching all the marine life below. “The mucilage is now covering the sea surface like a canvas tent,” says Muharrem Balci, who teaches biology at Istanbul University. Because there is so much algae, it takes in lots of oxygen from the sea water. That means there's very little oxygen left for the other sea creatures that depend on it. The BBC reports that divers in the area have beheld large numbers of dying fish. After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, and it covers the seafloor, threatening to poison creatures that live there, like crabs and mussels. This year, the mucilage has been found as deep as 30 meters below the surface.
5.What do we know about mucilage
A.It generally doesn't last long. B.It had never existed before 2007.
C.It is mainly formed in the inland sea. D.It was first noticed near Turkey.
6.What does the underlined part “an algae bloom” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.A good harvest of algae. B.The increasing use of algae.
C.The explosive growth of algae. D.The continuing popularity of algae.
7.What can be inferred about mucilage from the last paragraph
A.It can greatly threaten sea life. B.It has drawn attention worldwide.
C.It will lead to food shortages. D.It benefits some sea creatures but harms others.
8.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.New kinds of algae are found in Turkey
B.Turkey's coastal waters are covered with mucilage
C.Endangered sea creatures have been protected
D.The Sea of Marmara has seen an increase in water temperatures
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.under 考查介词。设空处构成固定短语under the command of...,意为“在……的指挥下”,故填under。句意:神舟十八号载人飞船上的三名航天员已经进入了中国空间站,由叶光富指挥。
2.negotiation 考查名词。be under negotiation意为“在商谈/谈判中”,故填negotiation。句意:两国之间自由贸易协定的细节已经谈判了好几年。
3.From;in/on/at 考查介词。from a/an...point of view表示“从……的角度看”;表示“手头的”用in/on/at hand。句意:从实际的角度来看,最简单的方法就是让我们自己投入到手头的任务中去。
4.withdrawal 考查名词。句意:众所周知,对毒瘾的戒除会导致痛苦的脱瘾症状。根据语境可知设空处应修饰后面的名词symptoms,提示词为动词withdraw,应用其名词形式,withdrawal symptoms 意为“脱瘾症状”,故填withdrawal。
5.for 考查介词。句意:然而,并不是所有的评论家都是这样。他们中的一些人写正面评价以换取制造者的付款或礼物。in return for为固定搭配,意为“作为对……的回报”。故填for。
6.extending 考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知,is known是句子的谓语,且空前没有连词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。extend与句子主语China's National Highway 318之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填extending。句意:中国的318国道从上海到樟木,延伸出五千多千米,因为它令人惊叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。
7.which 考查定语从句。句意:根据这一理论,人们以适合社交媒体的心态处理数字化文本,而社交媒体通常不那么严肃,而且与阅读印刷品相比,他们投入的脑力更少。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文的 social media,在从句中作主语,故填which。
8.to take 考查动词不定式。句意:随着数百万人在未来几周内可能参加DIY项目,新的研究表明,超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。分析句子结构可知,设空处是with复合结构中的一部分,作宾语补足语,表示将来要发生的动作,故填不定式to take。
Ⅱ.1.found its way to 2.set sail 3.withdrew from 4.in a league of its own
Ⅲ.1.there was an urgent need 2.As expected 3.what he could to help those 4.There were few tents left;distributed them to
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.foundation 考查名词。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知,此处应填名词。此处指贸易和好奇心往往构成人类最伟大成就的基础。故填foundation。
2.to search 考查不定式。inspire sb. to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”。故填to search。句意:马可·波罗的故事激励欧洲探险家寻找从西到东的海上航线。
3.did 考查动词的时态。 句意:但是,东方的商人和探险家的起航时间比哥伦布首次起航早很多年。根据本段语境可知,描述的事发生在过去,故填did。
4.centred/centring 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了从中国到其他国家的丝绸之路外,以锡兰为中心,一个横跨海洋的贸易路线沿着印度洋的海岸延伸。意为“以……为中心”时,centre既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词,可用centre around...或centre...around...,因此作状语时,既可用过去分词也可用现在分词。
5.fleets 考查名词复数。 fleet意为“船队,舰队”,是可数名词,根据Seven可知,此处应用复数形式。故填fleets。
6.to 考查介词。set sail from...to...为固定搭配,意为“从……起航到……”,故填to。
7.a 考查冠词。句意:如今,跨海越洋仍然是一个强烈的愿望。wish意为“愿望”,是可数名词,此处泛指“一个强烈的愿望”,strong的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
8.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词短语the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,后面内容缺主语,结合语境可知,前面的名词短语即后面内容的主语,所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。句意:随着属于“一带一路”倡议的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,古代郑和航行过的海上航线再度受到关注。
9.its 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处后是名词,提示词是代词,所以用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。
10.and 考查连词。设空处前的“The need to trade”和设空处后的“the desire to enhance relationships”是两个并列的成分,所以用and连接。句意:贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将促使中国跨海越洋,走向遥远的未来。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海洋之肺——海草床,其碳去除速度是热带雨林的35倍。由于虎鲨的帮助,最近在巴哈马群岛浅滩发现了一片巨大的海草床,为世界提供了对抗气候变化的工具。
1.a 考查冠词。句意:由于虎鲨的帮助,最近在巴哈马群岛浅滩发现了一片巨大的海草床,为世界提供了对抗气候变化的工具。此处泛指“一片巨大的海草床”,且huge的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。
2.to fight 考查不定式。本句谓语为was discovered,故此处应用非谓语动词,分析句子结构和语境可知此处应填不定式,作tool的后置定语。故填to fight。
3.highly 考查副词。句意:由于虎鲨与海草生态系统有着高度持续的联系,在这次研究中选择虎鲨作为研究工具。此处应填入副词highly“高度地”修饰后面的形容词consistent,作状语。
4.with 考查介词。句意:(研究)小组给八头虎鲨配备了卫星标签,并有史以来首次在鲨鱼身上使用360度摄像机。此处应填入介词with,构成固定搭配equip...with...,意为“用……装备……;给……配备……”。
5.has been discovered 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,世界上最大的海草生态系统已经被发现,面积至少为66,900平方千米。结合时间状语So far可知,句子时态用现在完成时,主语the world's largest seagrass ecosystem与提示词discover“发现”为被动关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has been discovered。
6. faster 考查形容词比较级。句意:在气候变化方面,海草在除碳方面的速度是热带雨林的35倍。根据后面的than可知,此处表示对比,应填入形容词fast的比较级faster“更快的”。
7.gone 考查形容词。句意:然而,海草床正在迅速消失,英国超过92%的海草床已经消失。分析句子结构可知,此处为with复合结构,应填入形容词gone“不复存在的”作宾补。
8.projects 考查名词复数。句意:科学家们正在收集种子,并试图通过恢复项目种植新的海草床。空前无冠词修饰,故此处应填可数名词的复数形式projects。
9.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:鲨鱼把我们带到了巴哈马群岛的海草生态系统,这可能是地球上最重要的蓝色碳汇。分析句子结构可知,逗号前内容意思完整,逗号后缺少主语,结合语境可知缺少的主语即前面的the seagrass ecosystem,所以本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the seagrass ecosystem,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词which。
10.global 考查形容词。句意:这一发现向我们展示了海洋探索和研究在解决像气候变化这样的全球性问题中发挥着重要的作用。此处应填入形容词global“全球的”作定语,修饰名词issues。
【高频词汇】 1.assistance n.帮助 2.consistent adj.持续的,连续的 3.association n.联系;联合 4.estimate n.估计,估价 5.optimism n.乐观;乐观主义
6.significant adj.重要的,意义重大的
【熟词生义】 sink n.汇,壑
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一艘名为五月花号的自动驾驶船横渡大西洋的情况,并介绍了它的功能配置以及遇到的困难。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea”可知,MAS项目旨在测试收集海洋信息的不同技术,所以其终极使命可能是用高科技探索海洋。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的关键信息“Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself...different kinds of tools and sensors...special listening devices...and even a special ‘tongue’ that can report back on the chemicals in the sea water.”可知,第三段提到了导航的摄像机和雷达,各种各样的工具和传感器,特殊的监听装置,甚至还有特殊的“舌头”,可以汇报海水中的化学物质,这些都是MAS的功能配置。故选C。A.它的操作系统;B.它的工作原理;D.它的设计哲学。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down”和“the team decided to withdraw it to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again”可知,马达被某些东西影响,减慢了航行速度,导致MAS返航进行修理。故选B。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及下文介绍可知,文章主要说明了被命名为五月花号的自动驾驶船横渡大西洋的情况,同时介绍了这艘船的功能配置以及遇到的困难。由此可知,B项“新五月花号横渡大西洋”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
易错归因
本题易误选D项,D项将AI Captain System作为一个信息重点,但该信息只在第一段最后一句被提及,不是文章的重点。
【高频词汇】 1.original adj.起初的,原来的
2.automatically adv.自动地 3.handle v.操纵;处理
4.advance n.进步,进展 5.detect v.查明,察觉;探测 6.track v.追踪,跟踪
【熟词生义】 1.fix v.解决 2.put out起航;离港
3.service v.检修;保养
长难句
原句 The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。 “The 15-meter ship...Mayflower”是主句,crossing of the Atlantic表示“横渡大西洋”;which引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the original Mayflower,在从句中作主语;what引导介词to后面的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语。
译文 这艘 15 米长的船将重现 1620年原来的五月花号横渡大西洋的场景,该船将第一批欧洲移民带到了现在的马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。由于污染和全球气候变暖,马尔马拉海的海藻大量繁殖,形成了很多海洋黏液。文章主要介绍了海洋黏液产生的原因以及带来的严重危害。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,科学家们第一次注意到并描述黏液是在2007年,当时它在土耳其附近被发现。所以黏液最初是在土耳其附近被发现的。故选D项。
易错归因
本题学生易误选B项。文中提到黏液第一次被发现是在2007年,但这并不表明之前这种物质不存在,B项表述过于绝对。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线部分所在句可知,当海藻有很多食物,且其他条件正合适的时候,就会发生“an algae bloom”,导致海藻快速、大量地生长,在非常糟糕的情况下,就会产生黏液。所以推断出画线部分指的是“海藻的迅速增长”。故选C项。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二、四、五句可知,黏液在很多方面都造成了问题。它覆盖了海洋表面,阻止阳光照射到下面所有的海洋生物,同时太多的海藻从海水中吸收大量的氧气,这意味着留给其他依赖氧气生存的海洋生物的氧气很少;结合最后一段倒数第二句可知,黏液会沉到海底,覆盖海底,可能会毒害生活在那里的生物。由此推断出,海洋黏液对海洋生物的危害极大。故选A项。
8.B 主旨大意题。文章第一句指出土耳其附近的海洋生物正受到海面上一层棕色泡沫的威胁。第二段指出这种物质是黏液,后面几段介绍了海洋黏液爆发的情况、原因以及影响,所以B项“土耳其的沿海水域覆盖着黏液”作为标题最合适。故选B项。
【高频词汇】 1.threaten v.威胁,恐吓 2.layer n.层;层次 3.outbreak n.爆发,突然发生 4.surround v.围绕,环绕;包围 5.belong to 属于 6.connect v.(使)连接;把……联系起来 7.result in导致,造成 8.poison v.毒害
【差距词汇】 1.sewage n.污水,污物 2.canvas n.帆布
3.crab n.螃蟹
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The three astronauts aboard the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship have entered China Space Station the command of Ye Guangfu.
2.The details of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries have been under (negotiate) for several years.
3. a practical point of view, the most straightforward approach is to throw ourselves into the task hand.
4.It is known that the removal of the drug dependence causes painful (withdraw) symptoms.
5.(2024湖北荆门期末)However, not all reviewers are like this. Some of them are writing positive reviews in return a payment or gifts from the maker.
6.(2021天津3月改编)China's National Highway 318, (extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
7.(2024新课标Ⅰ)According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
8.(2023全国甲)With millions of people likely (take)on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.
Ⅱ.选词填空
set sail;in a league of one's own; withdraw from; find one's way to
China's Antarctic expeditions date back to the early 1980s. In 1984, China's expedition team 1. the Antarctic.In October, 1994, known as Snow Dragon(雪龙号), the icebreaker carrying a research team 2. from Shanghai, which was China's first Antarctic expedition with our own icebreaker. On April, 2023, our researchers 3. Antarctica, finishing the 39th Antarctic expedition. Snow Dragon is 4. during the polar mission.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.(2023全国甲写作)在那个时期,急需统一度量衡,以保证国家赋税收入。(urgent)
In the phase to unify weights and measures to guarantee the country's tax revenue.
2.正如预想的那样,这种新型材料非常环保,并且可以被重复利用。(as)
, this new material is environmentally friendly and can be reused.
3.他脸上的笑容就像春日里的阳光那样灿烂。他决定尽他所能去帮助那些有需要的人。(what引导的宾语从句)
The smile on his face was as brilliant as the sun on a spring day. He decided to do in need.(读后续写—人物描写)
4.由于帐篷所剩无几,士兵把它们分发给灾民,而他们自己睡在地上。(there be...left;distribute)
, so the soldiers the victims, and they themselves slept on the ground.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Trade and curiosity often form the 1 (found) of mankind's greatest achievements.
Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers 2 (search) for sea routes from west to east. But merchants and explorers from the East set sail many years before Columbus first 3 (do). Apart from the Silk Road forming from China to other countries, a trading route across the sea was extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, 4 (centre) around Ceylon.
When it was the Ming Dynasty, it further developed relations with the regions to the west of China. Seven large 5 (fleet)sailed west for trade and exploration, which were under the command of Zheng He. They set sail from the South China Sea and eventually 6 the east coast of Africa.
To reach out across the sea continues to be 7 strong wish now. The sea routes travelled by Zheng He in ancient times are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, 8 belongs to the Belt and Road Initiative.
China is also involved in other important projects with 9 (it) friends across the sea. The need to trade 10 the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to cross the sea far into the future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024江西宜春期末)
Seagrass meadows(海草床) are the lungs of the sea. Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks, 1 huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks was recently discovered, offering the world a tool 2 (fight) climate change.
In this study, tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their 3 (high) consistent associations with seagrass ecosystems. They spend 70% of their time in seagrass meadows. The team equipped eight tiger sharks 4 satellite tags, and used a 360-degree camera on a shark for the first time ever.
So far, the world's largest seagrass ecosystem, measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers, 5 (discover). This reflects a 41% increase compared with previous estimates of global seagrass. In terms of climate change, seagrass is 35 times 6 (fast) in removing carbon than tropical rainforests. Yet seagrass meadows are rapidly disappearing, with over 92% of seagrass meadows in the UK 7 (go). Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration 8 (project). This new discovery offers optimism and proves the importance of the ocean for healing.
The sharks led us to the seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas, 9 is likely to be the most significant blue carbon sink on the planet. The discovery shows us that ocean exploration and research play an important role in solving 10 (globe) issues like climate change.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024福建三明一中月考)
Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship(MAS) set sail from Plymouth, England. The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. But unlike the original Mayflower, there are no people on board. Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence(AI) system called the “AI Captain”.
The MAS is a project run by an organization called ProMare along with IBM, aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. The new Mayflower's electric motor is powered by solar energy. The builders of the ship say they hope that it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach. If this can be handled by machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research.
Since the MAS didn't have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the sea water.
Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team decided to withdraw it to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again.
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The top speed for the MAS is about 10 miles per hour. That may seem slow, but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the journey.
1.What can be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A.Travelling across the Atlantic. B.Developing new AI captain systems.
C.Testing the new robotic ship of IBM. D.Exploring the ocean with high technology.
2.What aspect of the MAS does the third paragraph tell us
A.Its operating system. B.Its working principle.
C.Its functional equipment. D.Its design philosophy.
3.What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A.The AI Captain sent wrong instructions.
B.The electric motor got affected by something.
C.The scientists wanted to change the ship's route.
D.The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis.
4.What could be the best title for the text
A.A Robotic Ship's Global Voyage B.New Mayflower Crossing the Atlantic
C.New Mayflower's Failed Mission D.AI Captain System Guiding a Robotic Ship
B
(2024山东临沂月考)
Sea life near Turkey is being threatened by a layer of brown foam on the ocean's surface.
The actual name of the foam is mucilage(黏液). Scientists first noticed and described mucilage in 2007, when it was found near Turkey. Then, it was also found in other parts of the Aegean Sea, near Greece.
This year's outbreak of mucilage is the worst ever logged. It's been developing for seven months and is now covering large parts of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea, surrounded by land belonging to Turkey, and connected to the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.
There are many different kinds of algae(海藻), and it's natural and normal for algae to grow in the ocean or in other bodies of water. But when there is lots of food for the algae, and other conditions are just right, there can be “an algae bloom” which results in algae growing quickly and in huge amounts and in very bad situations, mucilage is the result.
There are two main causes for the outbreak of mucilage. One is the heavy pollution—sewage, fertilizers and other chemicals flowing into the Sea of Marmara. The second cause is higher water temperatures caused by climate change.
The mucilage causes problems in lots of different ways. By covering the ocean's surface, it stops sunlight from reaching all the marine life below. “The mucilage is now covering the sea surface like a canvas tent,” says Muharrem Balci, who teaches biology at Istanbul University. Because there is so much algae, it takes in lots of oxygen from the sea water. That means there's very little oxygen left for the other sea creatures that depend on it. The BBC reports that divers in the area have beheld large numbers of dying fish. After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, and it covers the seafloor, threatening to poison creatures that live there, like crabs and mussels. This year, the mucilage has been found as deep as 30 meters below the surface.
5.What do we know about mucilage
A.It generally doesn't last long. B.It had never existed before 2007.
C.It is mainly formed in the inland sea. D.It was first noticed near Turkey.
6.What does the underlined part “an algae bloom” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.A good harvest of algae. B.The increasing use of algae.
C.The explosive growth of algae. D.The continuing popularity of algae.
7.What can be inferred about mucilage from the last paragraph
A.It can greatly threaten sea life. B.It has drawn attention worldwide.
C.It will lead to food shortages. D.It benefits some sea creatures but harms others.
8.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.New kinds of algae are found in Turkey
B.Turkey's coastal waters are covered with mucilage
C.Endangered sea creatures have been protected
D.The Sea of Marmara has seen an increase in water temperatures
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.under 考查介词。设空处构成固定短语under the command of...,意为“在……的指挥下”,故填under。句意:神舟十八号载人飞船上的三名航天员已经进入了中国空间站,由叶光富指挥。
2.negotiation 考查名词。be under negotiation意为“在商谈/谈判中”,故填negotiation。句意:两国之间自由贸易协定的细节已经谈判了好几年。
3.From;in/on/at 考查介词。from a/an...point of view表示“从……的角度看”;表示“手头的”用in/on/at hand。句意:从实际的角度来看,最简单的方法就是让我们自己投入到手头的任务中去。
4.withdrawal 考查名词。句意:众所周知,对毒瘾的戒除会导致痛苦的脱瘾症状。根据语境可知设空处应修饰后面的名词symptoms,提示词为动词withdraw,应用其名词形式,withdrawal symptoms 意为“脱瘾症状”,故填withdrawal。
5.for 考查介词。句意:然而,并不是所有的评论家都是这样。他们中的一些人写正面评价以换取制造者的付款或礼物。in return for为固定搭配,意为“作为对……的回报”。故填for。
6.extending 考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知,is known是句子的谓语,且空前没有连词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。extend与句子主语China's National Highway 318之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填extending。句意:中国的318国道从上海到樟木,延伸出五千多千米,因为它令人惊叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。
7.which 考查定语从句。句意:根据这一理论,人们以适合社交媒体的心态处理数字化文本,而社交媒体通常不那么严肃,而且与阅读印刷品相比,他们投入的脑力更少。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文的 social media,在从句中作主语,故填which。
8.to take 考查动词不定式。句意:随着数百万人在未来几周内可能参加DIY项目,新的研究表明,超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。分析句子结构可知,设空处是with复合结构中的一部分,作宾语补足语,表示将来要发生的动作,故填不定式to take。
Ⅱ.1.found its way to 2.set sail 3.withdrew from 4.in a league of its own
Ⅲ.1.there was an urgent need 2.As expected 3.what he could to help those 4.There were few tents left;distributed them to
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.foundation 考查名词。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知,此处应填名词。此处指贸易和好奇心往往构成人类最伟大成就的基础。故填foundation。
2.to search 考查不定式。inspire sb. to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”。故填to search。句意:马可·波罗的故事激励欧洲探险家寻找从西到东的海上航线。
3.did 考查动词的时态。 句意:但是,东方的商人和探险家的起航时间比哥伦布首次起航早很多年。根据本段语境可知,描述的事发生在过去,故填did。
4.centred/centring 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了从中国到其他国家的丝绸之路外,以锡兰为中心,一个横跨海洋的贸易路线沿着印度洋的海岸延伸。意为“以……为中心”时,centre既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词,可用centre around...或centre...around...,因此作状语时,既可用过去分词也可用现在分词。
5.fleets 考查名词复数。 fleet意为“船队,舰队”,是可数名词,根据Seven可知,此处应用复数形式。故填fleets。
6.to 考查介词。set sail from...to...为固定搭配,意为“从……起航到……”,故填to。
7.a 考查冠词。句意:如今,跨海越洋仍然是一个强烈的愿望。wish意为“愿望”,是可数名词,此处泛指“一个强烈的愿望”,strong的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
8.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词短语the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,后面内容缺主语,结合语境可知,前面的名词短语即后面内容的主语,所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。句意:随着属于“一带一路”倡议的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,古代郑和航行过的海上航线再度受到关注。
9.its 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处后是名词,提示词是代词,所以用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。
10.and 考查连词。设空处前的“The need to trade”和设空处后的“the desire to enhance relationships”是两个并列的成分,所以用and连接。句意:贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将促使中国跨海越洋,走向遥远的未来。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海洋之肺——海草床,其碳去除速度是热带雨林的35倍。由于虎鲨的帮助,最近在巴哈马群岛浅滩发现了一片巨大的海草床,为世界提供了对抗气候变化的工具。
1.a 考查冠词。句意:由于虎鲨的帮助,最近在巴哈马群岛浅滩发现了一片巨大的海草床,为世界提供了对抗气候变化的工具。此处泛指“一片巨大的海草床”,且huge的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。
2.to fight 考查不定式。本句谓语为was discovered,故此处应用非谓语动词,分析句子结构和语境可知此处应填不定式,作tool的后置定语。故填to fight。
3.highly 考查副词。句意:由于虎鲨与海草生态系统有着高度持续的联系,在这次研究中选择虎鲨作为研究工具。此处应填入副词highly“高度地”修饰后面的形容词consistent,作状语。
4.with 考查介词。句意:(研究)小组给八头虎鲨配备了卫星标签,并有史以来首次在鲨鱼身上使用360度摄像机。此处应填入介词with,构成固定搭配equip...with...,意为“用……装备……;给……配备……”。
5.has been discovered 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,世界上最大的海草生态系统已经被发现,面积至少为66,900平方千米。结合时间状语So far可知,句子时态用现在完成时,主语the world's largest seagrass ecosystem与提示词discover“发现”为被动关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has been discovered。
6. faster 考查形容词比较级。句意:在气候变化方面,海草在除碳方面的速度是热带雨林的35倍。根据后面的than可知,此处表示对比,应填入形容词fast的比较级faster“更快的”。
7.gone 考查形容词。句意:然而,海草床正在迅速消失,英国超过92%的海草床已经消失。分析句子结构可知,此处为with复合结构,应填入形容词gone“不复存在的”作宾补。
8.projects 考查名词复数。句意:科学家们正在收集种子,并试图通过恢复项目种植新的海草床。空前无冠词修饰,故此处应填可数名词的复数形式projects。
9.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:鲨鱼把我们带到了巴哈马群岛的海草生态系统,这可能是地球上最重要的蓝色碳汇。分析句子结构可知,逗号前内容意思完整,逗号后缺少主语,结合语境可知缺少的主语即前面的the seagrass ecosystem,所以本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the seagrass ecosystem,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词which。
10.global 考查形容词。句意:这一发现向我们展示了海洋探索和研究在解决像气候变化这样的全球性问题中发挥着重要的作用。此处应填入形容词global“全球的”作定语,修饰名词issues。
【高频词汇】 1.assistance n.帮助 2.consistent adj.持续的,连续的 3.association n.联系;联合 4.estimate n.估计,估价 5.optimism n.乐观;乐观主义
6.significant adj.重要的,意义重大的
【熟词生义】 sink n.汇,壑
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一艘名为五月花号的自动驾驶船横渡大西洋的情况,并介绍了它的功能配置以及遇到的困难。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea”可知,MAS项目旨在测试收集海洋信息的不同技术,所以其终极使命可能是用高科技探索海洋。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的关键信息“Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself...different kinds of tools and sensors...special listening devices...and even a special ‘tongue’ that can report back on the chemicals in the sea water.”可知,第三段提到了导航的摄像机和雷达,各种各样的工具和传感器,特殊的监听装置,甚至还有特殊的“舌头”,可以汇报海水中的化学物质,这些都是MAS的功能配置。故选C。A.它的操作系统;B.它的工作原理;D.它的设计哲学。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down”和“the team decided to withdraw it to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again”可知,马达被某些东西影响,减慢了航行速度,导致MAS返航进行修理。故选B。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及下文介绍可知,文章主要说明了被命名为五月花号的自动驾驶船横渡大西洋的情况,同时介绍了这艘船的功能配置以及遇到的困难。由此可知,B项“新五月花号横渡大西洋”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
易错归因
本题易误选D项,D项将AI Captain System作为一个信息重点,但该信息只在第一段最后一句被提及,不是文章的重点。
【高频词汇】 1.original adj.起初的,原来的
2.automatically adv.自动地 3.handle v.操纵;处理
4.advance n.进步,进展 5.detect v.查明,察觉;探测 6.track v.追踪,跟踪
【熟词生义】 1.fix v.解决 2.put out起航;离港
3.service v.检修;保养
长难句
原句 The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。 “The 15-meter ship...Mayflower”是主句,crossing of the Atlantic表示“横渡大西洋”;which引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the original Mayflower,在从句中作主语;what引导介词to后面的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语。
译文 这艘 15 米长的船将重现 1620年原来的五月花号横渡大西洋的场景,该船将第一批欧洲移民带到了现在的马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。由于污染和全球气候变暖,马尔马拉海的海藻大量繁殖,形成了很多海洋黏液。文章主要介绍了海洋黏液产生的原因以及带来的严重危害。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,科学家们第一次注意到并描述黏液是在2007年,当时它在土耳其附近被发现。所以黏液最初是在土耳其附近被发现的。故选D项。
易错归因
本题学生易误选B项。文中提到黏液第一次被发现是在2007年,但这并不表明之前这种物质不存在,B项表述过于绝对。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线部分所在句可知,当海藻有很多食物,且其他条件正合适的时候,就会发生“an algae bloom”,导致海藻快速、大量地生长,在非常糟糕的情况下,就会产生黏液。所以推断出画线部分指的是“海藻的迅速增长”。故选C项。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二、四、五句可知,黏液在很多方面都造成了问题。它覆盖了海洋表面,阻止阳光照射到下面所有的海洋生物,同时太多的海藻从海水中吸收大量的氧气,这意味着留给其他依赖氧气生存的海洋生物的氧气很少;结合最后一段倒数第二句可知,黏液会沉到海底,覆盖海底,可能会毒害生活在那里的生物。由此推断出,海洋黏液对海洋生物的危害极大。故选A项。
8.B 主旨大意题。文章第一句指出土耳其附近的海洋生物正受到海面上一层棕色泡沫的威胁。第二段指出这种物质是黏液,后面几段介绍了海洋黏液爆发的情况、原因以及影响,所以B项“土耳其的沿海水域覆盖着黏液”作为标题最合适。故选B项。
【高频词汇】 1.threaten v.威胁,恐吓 2.layer n.层;层次 3.outbreak n.爆发,突然发生 4.surround v.围绕,环绕;包围 5.belong to 属于 6.connect v.(使)连接;把……联系起来 7.result in导致,造成 8.poison v.毒害
【差距词汇】 1.sewage n.污水,污物 2.canvas n.帆布
3.crab n.螃蟹
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