2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--UNIT 3 Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Languag（含答案与解析）e
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.We listened to the unbelievable news with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
2.The crowd applauded the children their wonderful performance on Children's Day.
3.(2024河南周口月考)Mr. Thompson was a (profession)teacher with a deep understanding of the importance of a balanced lifestyle.
4.The year 2024 saw the successful launch of China's Shenzhou-18 (man) spacecraft.
5.In a sense, many parents see their children as an (extend) of themselves.
6.The 125th anniversary celebration of Peking University was held on its campus and the CCTV-1 was giving live (cover).
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
1.(2021浙江1月写作)被选择代表全体学生向新西兰的学生表示热烈欢迎是我的荣幸。(for引出不定式的逻辑主语)
It is an honor to extend a warm welcome to students from New Zealand on behalf of all the students.
2.人们呼吁政府采取有效的措施来控制雾霾。(measure)
People call on the government the smog.
3.据说他已经被一所名牌大学录取了。(admit)
He is said a famous university.
4.(2023新课标Ⅱ)该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。(aim)
The program science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
5.他吃惊地发现他的个人信息被泄露了。
He that his personal information had been leaked.
6.我们匆忙赶到飞机场,却被告知由于台风,航班被推迟了。(不定式作结果状语)
We hurried to the airport, that the flight had been put off due to the typhoon.
7.减少工业污染和净化水需要共同的努力。(joint)
It took the industrial pollution and clean the water.
8.正如人们所说的,克服焦虑的一个关键方法是对你想与世界分享的东西充满热情。(as, overcome)
, one key way is to become passionate about what you want to share with the world.(读后续写—结尾升华)
9.当然,孩子们不完全对他们的游戏成瘾负责。(blame)
Of course, children for their game addiction.
10.与此同时,所有这些经历之后,我发现增强与邻居之间的信任关系极其重要。(vital;bond)
, after all these experiences, I with the neighbours.
11.(2023新课标Ⅰ)想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先咬一个小洞,冒着汤汁溢出的风险释放蒸汽,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤汁在你的舌头上爆开。(whether+不定式)
To eat one, you have to decide in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill, or the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024河北保定期中)
Great white sharks, the largest predatory(捕食性的) sharks in the world with the most fatal attacks on humans, are tough to imagine as newborn babies. That is partially because no one has beheld one in the wild, it seems, until now.
Wildlife filmmaker Carlos Gauna and UC Riverside biology doctoral student Phillip Sternes were scanning the waters for sharks on July 9, 2023, near Santa Barbara on California's central coast. That day, something exciting appeared on the viewfinder of Gauna's drone camera. It was a shark pup(幼崽) unlike any they'd ever seen.
“We extended the images, put them in slow motion, and realized the white layer was being shed(蜕) from the body as it was swimming,” Sternes said. “I believe it was a newborn great white shark shedding its embryonic layer.”
These observations are logged in a new paper in the journal Environmental Biology of Fishes. What Gauna and Sternes observed could help solve the long-standing mystery of the great white shark's birthing habits. This may well be the first evidence we have of a pup in the wild. Great white sharks, referred to only as white sharks by scientists, are gray on the top and white on the bottom. But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.
Though the paper authors acknowledge that it is possible that the white layer the shark shed might have been caused by a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark. First, the female great white sharks give birth to live pups. A second reason is the presence of large, potentially pregnant great white sharks in this location. Finally, this location off the coast of central California has long been proposed as a birthing location for great white sharks. Many scholars believe they are born farther out at sea.
Great white sharks are listed as an international endangered species. “Further research is needed to confirm these waters are indeed a great breeding ground. But if they are, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help great white sharks keep thriving,” Sternes said.
1.What do we know about what appeared on Gauna's drone camera
A.It is rare in the world. B.It is tough to identify.
C.It is not open to the public. D.It is unbelievable to scientists.
2.What does the pup look like
A.Pure gray. B.White only on the bottom.
C.Gray on the top. D.Pure white.
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.How female great white sharks give birth to pups.
B.How the observers prove they saw a baby shark.
C.Why the observers believe they saw a newborn shark.
D.Why the observers think the white layer is caused by a skin condition.
4.What does Sternes hope for if their assumption is confirmed
A.Helping great white sharks to stop breeding.
B.Using laws to protect great white sharks and the breeding ground.
C.Listing great white sharks as an endangered species.
D.A further study to confirm great white shark breeding waters.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023山东日照期末)
Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year—by comparison, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours of energy every year.
The advantages of wave power are clear. 1 Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution-free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is so huge that the energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electricity systems. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always on the move. 2
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or installing electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. 3 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High costs are a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. 4 Because constant movement can lead to more damage, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.
5 For many ocean-bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.
A.Wave energy still needs to be explored.
B.They are not affordable to many countries.
C.Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy.
D.Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced.
E.They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems.
F.Maintenance of the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive.
G.This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024湖南湘楚名校月考)
In May 1869, John Wesley Powell, a former Union Army major who had lost most of his right 1 in the Battle of Shiloh, led 10 2 in launching four heavy wooden boats loaded to the gunwales with 10 months of supplies.
Three of the boats were made of oak, more suitable for cruising lakes than busting through rapids. None of the men were 3 boatmen. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them. 4 , it was the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark. Meanwhile, over 500 rapids and 1,000 miles of 5 currents awaited them.
Though Powell had boats custom-made for the 6 , they were heavy. He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated(横越) a river. He packed so much food that it 8 sank the boats from the start.
Much of the journey was spent 9 boats damaged while portaging around rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood. Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce, and Powell went inland to 10 with the Indians for food. The expedition spent days in 11 water and 46-degree heat. Three men deserted the cause along the way. The crew slept on boulders(巨石)and 12 wet clothing the next morning. And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead. But at the end of the arduous(艰难的)journey, they had successfully 13 the challenges and mapped a wilderness previously labeled as “territory unknown”. As the West expanded, Powell's maps would be 14 .
Beauty is in the living of life, in looking beyond the challenges to the 15 of the small moments we achieve—sometimes against all odds.
1.A.leg B.arm
C.ear D.finger
2.A.explorers B.soldiers
C.heroes D.boatmen
3.A.merciful B.greedy
C.experienced D.honest
4.A.Still B.Otherwise
C.Thus D.And
5.A.remote B.quiet
C.unknown D.vast
6.A.tour B.journey
C.strait D.fleet
7.A.live B.hunt
C.hide D.survive
8.A.nearly B.already
C.mostly D.never
9.A.making B.handling
C.rowing D.repairing
10.A.talk B.discuss
C.fight D.negotiate
11.A.shallow B.freezing
C.violent D.polluted
12.A.pulled in B.pulled up
C.pulled on D.pulled at
13.A.adapted to B.stuck to
C.saw to D.got to
14.A.reliable B.priceless
C.measurable D.considerable
15.A.strength B.attempt
C.position D.wonder
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Learning About Language &
Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.mixture 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a和空后的介词of判断此处应该填名词mixture。句意:我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则难以置信的新闻。
2.for 考查介词。applaud sb. for sth.意为“因某事称赞/赞赏某人”。句意:观众因孩子们在儿童节的精彩表演而赞赏他们。
3.professional 考查形容词。句意:汤普森先生是一位专业的教师,对平衡的生活方式的重要性有着深刻的理解。 此处作定语,故填形容词professional,意为“职业的,专业的”。
4.manned 考查形容词。句意:2024年中国成功发射了神舟十八号载人宇宙飞船。此处应填入形容词修饰名词spacecraft,manned意为“载人的”。
5.extension 考查名词。根据前面的冠词an和后面的介词of可知此处应用名词,故填extension。句意:从某种意义上说,许多父母把他们的孩子看作他们自身的延伸。
6.coverage 考查名词。句意:北京大学125周年庆典在其校园内举行,中央电视台综合频道进行了现场直播。coverage为名词,意为“新闻报道”,live coverage表示“现场直播,现场报道”。
Ⅱ.1.for me to be chosen 2.to take effective measures to control 3.to have been admitted to/into 4.aims to help students develop 5.was astonished/surprised to find
6.only to be told 7.joint effort(s) to reduce 8.As people say/As is said;to overcome anxiety 9.aren't completely to blame 10.Meanwhile;found it vital to bond 11.whether to bite a small hole;to put
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了野生动物电影制片人Carlos Gauna和生物学博士研究生Phillip Sternes在加利福尼亚海岸首次拍摄到新生大白鲨蜕去胚层的珍贵画面,这一发现有助于揭示大白鲨繁殖习惯的奥秘。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“That is partially because no one has beheld one in the wild, it seems, until now.”及第二段的“It was a shark pup unlike any they'd ever seen.”可知,镜头中出现的鲨鱼幼崽是之前没有人看见过的,且和以前他们见到的大白鲨不像,由此可知这在世界上是罕见的。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.”可知,这只大白鲨幼崽是纯白色的。故选D。
3.C 主旨大意题。根据第五段的“the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark”可知他们两人认为他们看到的实际上是一只新生的大白鲨,并通过“First...A second reason is...Finally...”进行了证明,所以第五段主要讲的是观察者认为他们看到的是一只大白鲨幼崽的原因。故选C。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But if they are, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help great white sharks keep thriving”可知,如果他们的假设得到证实,Sternes希望利用法律途径保护大白鲨及它们的繁殖地。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.fatal adj.致命的 2.evidence n.证据;证明 3.acknowledge v.承认 4.give birth to生(孩子),产(仔) 5.presence n.出现 6.propose v.建议
7.endangered adj.濒危的 8.confirm v.证实;确认
【差距词汇】 1.viewfinder n.(照相机的)取景器
2.embryonic adj.胚胎的 3.thrive v.茁壮成长
长难句
原句 Though the paper authors acknowledge that it is possible that the white layer the shark shed might have been caused by a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句,acknowledge后面是由(第一个)that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中it作形式主语,(第二个)that从句是真正的主语,在that从句中又含有一个省略关系代词的定语从句the shark shed,修饰the white layer;主句中believe后面是省略that的宾语从句,在宾语从句中what引导主语从句。
译文 尽管论文作者承认鲨鱼蜕下的白色层可能是由一种皮肤病导致的,但两人认为他们看到的实际上是一只新生的大白鲨。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了波浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。
1.D 细节句。根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.(波浪能的优势显而易见。)”可知,D选项“波浪能在产生时不会释放温室气体”承接上文,具体说明波浪能的环保优势,符合语境,故选D。
2.G 细节句。 上文谈到,波浪发电还有很大的潜力,因为许多国家都能利用海洋为他们的电力系统提供动力。而且,波浪几乎不会中断,几乎总是在运动。G项“这使得波浪能发的电成为一种更可靠的能源”承接上文,说明其结果,符合语境。故选G。
3.E 细节句。设空处上文谈到波浪能的缺点也令人担心。直接在海滩上建造工厂或架电线可能具有挑战性。下文谈到当地的捕鱼区可能会受到影响或者工厂会导致更多的海岸侵蚀。上下文都是在讲波浪发电的不利方面,E项“它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害”与上下文意思一致,都是在讲波浪能的不利方面。故选E。
4.F 细节句。上文谈到,高昂的成本也是一个问题,波浪能是一项处于发展早期阶段的新兴能源技术,因此计算成本是困难的。下文讲了由于不断的运转会导致更多的损坏,波浪能工厂很可能需要定期和昂贵的维护。F项“在流动的盐水中的工厂的维护费用非常昂贵”与上下文都是费用方面的问题,符合语境,故选F。
易错归因
本题容易误选B项,因为B项也与费用有关。B项主要有两个问题:一是代词They的指代无处落地,They在前面没有指代内容;二是“很多国家支付不起”与前面的“计算成本是困难的”也是矛盾的,既然不好计算成本,何谈支付不起呢
5.C 主旨句。 设空处位于段首,后文谈到波浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力,但各个国家能够使用波浪能还有赖于这个行业需要做的一些工作。故C项“尽管存在挑战,但波浪能还是有未来的”能够统领下文,符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.appealing adj.吸引人的 2.renewable adj.可再生的 3.by comparison比较起来 4.have access to可使用;可接近;可进入 5.interrupt vt.使中断,使暂停 6.calculate v.计算 7.enormous adj.巨大的
【差距词汇】 1.turbine n.汽轮机,涡轮机 2.kinetic energy n.动能 3.erosion n.侵蚀,腐蚀
长难句
原句 However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是the industry,谓语是needs,宾语是more funding and research,“to finalize the technologies involved”是不定式短语作目的状语,involved作后置定语修饰technologies。so that引导目的状语从句。
译文 然而,该行业需要更多的资金和研究来最终确定所涉及的技术,以便各国能够开始在他们的可再生能源清单中加上波浪能。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1869年5月,失去右臂的前联邦军少校约翰·威斯利·鲍威尔率领10名队员,乘坐四艘满载10个月补给的重型木船进行探险的故事。尽管面临重重困难,如急流、船只破损、食物短缺等,他们仍坚持完成了探险,成功绘制了此前未知的区域的地图。
1.B 根据第二段中的“The one-armed captain”可知,鲍威尔只有一条胳膊,所以这里指失去了大部分右臂(arm)。故选B项。
2.A 根据第三段中“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness”及第四段中的 “expedition(探险队)”可推知,鲍威尔一行人要完成的是一次探险,故招募的人是懂得如何在荒野中生存的探险者(explorers)。故选A项。
易错归因
本题易误选D项,原因是第二段提到了“None of the men were 3 boatmen.”,但根据第三段的“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river.”可排除D项。
3.C 根据第三段中“but had never navigated a river”可知,这些人不懂得如何横越河流,所以鲍威尔招募的不是有经验的(experienced)船员。故选C项。
4.A 上文陈述了鲍威尔的探险队面临的成员不专业、地图不完整的问题,下文“it was the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark”却肯定其意义,并把这次探险与刘易斯和克拉克的探险相提并论,上下文有转折关系。副词still意为“但,不过”,符合语境。故选A项。
5.C 根据第四段的“The expedition spent days in 11 water”和“And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead.”可知,鲍威尔一行人的航行充满未知的(unknown)水流。故选C项。
6.B 根据第四段中“Much of the journey”和“the arduous journey”可知,用journey表示长途旅程,journey为原词复现。故选B项。 tour强调观光。
7.D 根据下文“but had never navigated a river”可推知,上下文是转折关系,这些人知道如何在荒野中生存下来(survive),但从未横越过河流。故选D项。
8.A 根据上文“He packed so much food”可知,鲍威尔带了如此多的食物,以至于险些(nearly)把船弄沉。故选A项。
9.D 根据下文的“boats damaged”可知,要修理(repairing)受损的船只。故选D项。
10.D 根据前文“Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce”可知他们的食物丢失或变质了,也很少有野味可寻,所以下文“Powell went inland to 10 with the Indians for food”应是鲍威尔去内陆与印第安人协商(negotiate)获得食物。故选D项。
11.B 根据下文的“46-degree heat”和“Three men deserted the cause along the way.”可推知,句中描述的是探险队经历的极端环境,结合选项,freezing water“冰冷的水”可与热形成对比,符合语境。故选B项。
12.C 根据前文提到的船员在石头上睡觉可推断第二天早上应穿上(pulled on)衣服。故选C项。pull in吸引;pull up(使车)停下;pull at抓住并不断拉扯。
13.A 根据上文的“successfully”可推知,他们最终成功适应了(adapted to)面临的种种挑战。故选A项。stick to坚持;see to照料;get to到达。
14.B 根据上文“mapped a wilderness previously labeled as ‘territory unknown’”可知,鲍威尔绘制了此前未知的区域的地图,所以他的地图将是无价(priceless)之宝。故选B项。
15.D 句意:美丽在于生命的存在,在于超越挑战,去发现我们所实现的微小时刻的奇迹——有时会凶多吉少。设空处位于文中最后一句,对全文进行升华。根据语境可知应选D项。
【高频词汇】 1.supplies n.补给,补给品 2.expedition n.探险(队) 3.carve v.雕刻 4.previously adv.以前地,先前地
【熟词生义】 1.major n.少校 2.rapids n.急流
3.game n.野禽,野味 4.desert v.遗弃,背弃 5.cause n.事业
【差距词汇】 1.recruit v.招募;吸收(新成员)
2.portage v.搬运,运输 3.oar n.桨 4.driftwood n.漂流木
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.We listened to the unbelievable news with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
2.The crowd applauded the children their wonderful performance on Children's Day.
3.(2024河南周口月考)Mr. Thompson was a (profession)teacher with a deep understanding of the importance of a balanced lifestyle.
4.The year 2024 saw the successful launch of China's Shenzhou-18 (man) spacecraft.
5.In a sense, many parents see their children as an (extend) of themselves.
6.The 125th anniversary celebration of Peking University was held on its campus and the CCTV-1 was giving live (cover).
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
1.(2021浙江1月写作)被选择代表全体学生向新西兰的学生表示热烈欢迎是我的荣幸。(for引出不定式的逻辑主语)
It is an honor to extend a warm welcome to students from New Zealand on behalf of all the students.
2.人们呼吁政府采取有效的措施来控制雾霾。(measure)
People call on the government the smog.
3.据说他已经被一所名牌大学录取了。(admit)
He is said a famous university.
4.(2023新课标Ⅱ)该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。(aim)
The program science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
5.他吃惊地发现他的个人信息被泄露了。
He that his personal information had been leaked.
6.我们匆忙赶到飞机场,却被告知由于台风,航班被推迟了。(不定式作结果状语)
We hurried to the airport, that the flight had been put off due to the typhoon.
7.减少工业污染和净化水需要共同的努力。(joint)
It took the industrial pollution and clean the water.
8.正如人们所说的,克服焦虑的一个关键方法是对你想与世界分享的东西充满热情。(as, overcome)
, one key way is to become passionate about what you want to share with the world.(读后续写—结尾升华)
9.当然,孩子们不完全对他们的游戏成瘾负责。(blame)
Of course, children for their game addiction.
10.与此同时,所有这些经历之后,我发现增强与邻居之间的信任关系极其重要。(vital;bond)
, after all these experiences, I with the neighbours.
11.(2023新课标Ⅰ)想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先咬一个小洞,冒着汤汁溢出的风险释放蒸汽,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤汁在你的舌头上爆开。(whether+不定式)
To eat one, you have to decide in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill, or the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024河北保定期中)
Great white sharks, the largest predatory(捕食性的) sharks in the world with the most fatal attacks on humans, are tough to imagine as newborn babies. That is partially because no one has beheld one in the wild, it seems, until now.
Wildlife filmmaker Carlos Gauna and UC Riverside biology doctoral student Phillip Sternes were scanning the waters for sharks on July 9, 2023, near Santa Barbara on California's central coast. That day, something exciting appeared on the viewfinder of Gauna's drone camera. It was a shark pup(幼崽) unlike any they'd ever seen.
“We extended the images, put them in slow motion, and realized the white layer was being shed(蜕) from the body as it was swimming,” Sternes said. “I believe it was a newborn great white shark shedding its embryonic layer.”
These observations are logged in a new paper in the journal Environmental Biology of Fishes. What Gauna and Sternes observed could help solve the long-standing mystery of the great white shark's birthing habits. This may well be the first evidence we have of a pup in the wild. Great white sharks, referred to only as white sharks by scientists, are gray on the top and white on the bottom. But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.
Though the paper authors acknowledge that it is possible that the white layer the shark shed might have been caused by a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark. First, the female great white sharks give birth to live pups. A second reason is the presence of large, potentially pregnant great white sharks in this location. Finally, this location off the coast of central California has long been proposed as a birthing location for great white sharks. Many scholars believe they are born farther out at sea.
Great white sharks are listed as an international endangered species. “Further research is needed to confirm these waters are indeed a great breeding ground. But if they are, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help great white sharks keep thriving,” Sternes said.
1.What do we know about what appeared on Gauna's drone camera
A.It is rare in the world. B.It is tough to identify.
C.It is not open to the public. D.It is unbelievable to scientists.
2.What does the pup look like
A.Pure gray. B.White only on the bottom.
C.Gray on the top. D.Pure white.
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.How female great white sharks give birth to pups.
B.How the observers prove they saw a baby shark.
C.Why the observers believe they saw a newborn shark.
D.Why the observers think the white layer is caused by a skin condition.
4.What does Sternes hope for if their assumption is confirmed
A.Helping great white sharks to stop breeding.
B.Using laws to protect great white sharks and the breeding ground.
C.Listing great white sharks as an endangered species.
D.A further study to confirm great white shark breeding waters.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023山东日照期末)
Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year—by comparison, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours of energy every year.
The advantages of wave power are clear. 1 Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution-free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is so huge that the energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electricity systems. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always on the move. 2
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or installing electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. 3 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High costs are a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. 4 Because constant movement can lead to more damage, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.
5 For many ocean-bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.
A.Wave energy still needs to be explored.
B.They are not affordable to many countries.
C.Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy.
D.Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced.
E.They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems.
F.Maintenance of the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive.
G.This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024湖南湘楚名校月考)
In May 1869, John Wesley Powell, a former Union Army major who had lost most of his right 1 in the Battle of Shiloh, led 10 2 in launching four heavy wooden boats loaded to the gunwales with 10 months of supplies.
Three of the boats were made of oak, more suitable for cruising lakes than busting through rapids. None of the men were 3 boatmen. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them. 4 , it was the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark. Meanwhile, over 500 rapids and 1,000 miles of 5 currents awaited them.
Though Powell had boats custom-made for the 6 , they were heavy. He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated(横越) a river. He packed so much food that it 8 sank the boats from the start.
Much of the journey was spent 9 boats damaged while portaging around rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood. Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce, and Powell went inland to 10 with the Indians for food. The expedition spent days in 11 water and 46-degree heat. Three men deserted the cause along the way. The crew slept on boulders(巨石)and 12 wet clothing the next morning. And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead. But at the end of the arduous(艰难的)journey, they had successfully 13 the challenges and mapped a wilderness previously labeled as “territory unknown”. As the West expanded, Powell's maps would be 14 .
Beauty is in the living of life, in looking beyond the challenges to the 15 of the small moments we achieve—sometimes against all odds.
1.A.leg B.arm
C.ear D.finger
2.A.explorers B.soldiers
C.heroes D.boatmen
3.A.merciful B.greedy
C.experienced D.honest
4.A.Still B.Otherwise
C.Thus D.And
5.A.remote B.quiet
C.unknown D.vast
6.A.tour B.journey
C.strait D.fleet
7.A.live B.hunt
C.hide D.survive
8.A.nearly B.already
C.mostly D.never
9.A.making B.handling
C.rowing D.repairing
10.A.talk B.discuss
C.fight D.negotiate
11.A.shallow B.freezing
C.violent D.polluted
12.A.pulled in B.pulled up
C.pulled on D.pulled at
13.A.adapted to B.stuck to
C.saw to D.got to
14.A.reliable B.priceless
C.measurable D.considerable
15.A.strength B.attempt
C.position D.wonder
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Learning About Language &
Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.mixture 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a和空后的介词of判断此处应该填名词mixture。句意:我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则难以置信的新闻。
2.for 考查介词。applaud sb. for sth.意为“因某事称赞/赞赏某人”。句意:观众因孩子们在儿童节的精彩表演而赞赏他们。
3.professional 考查形容词。句意:汤普森先生是一位专业的教师,对平衡的生活方式的重要性有着深刻的理解。 此处作定语,故填形容词professional,意为“职业的,专业的”。
4.manned 考查形容词。句意:2024年中国成功发射了神舟十八号载人宇宙飞船。此处应填入形容词修饰名词spacecraft,manned意为“载人的”。
5.extension 考查名词。根据前面的冠词an和后面的介词of可知此处应用名词,故填extension。句意:从某种意义上说,许多父母把他们的孩子看作他们自身的延伸。
6.coverage 考查名词。句意:北京大学125周年庆典在其校园内举行,中央电视台综合频道进行了现场直播。coverage为名词,意为“新闻报道”,live coverage表示“现场直播,现场报道”。
Ⅱ.1.for me to be chosen 2.to take effective measures to control 3.to have been admitted to/into 4.aims to help students develop 5.was astonished/surprised to find
6.only to be told 7.joint effort(s) to reduce 8.As people say/As is said;to overcome anxiety 9.aren't completely to blame 10.Meanwhile;found it vital to bond 11.whether to bite a small hole;to put
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了野生动物电影制片人Carlos Gauna和生物学博士研究生Phillip Sternes在加利福尼亚海岸首次拍摄到新生大白鲨蜕去胚层的珍贵画面,这一发现有助于揭示大白鲨繁殖习惯的奥秘。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“That is partially because no one has beheld one in the wild, it seems, until now.”及第二段的“It was a shark pup unlike any they'd ever seen.”可知,镜头中出现的鲨鱼幼崽是之前没有人看见过的,且和以前他们见到的大白鲨不像,由此可知这在世界上是罕见的。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.”可知,这只大白鲨幼崽是纯白色的。故选D。
3.C 主旨大意题。根据第五段的“the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark”可知他们两人认为他们看到的实际上是一只新生的大白鲨,并通过“First...A second reason is...Finally...”进行了证明,所以第五段主要讲的是观察者认为他们看到的是一只大白鲨幼崽的原因。故选C。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But if they are, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help great white sharks keep thriving”可知,如果他们的假设得到证实,Sternes希望利用法律途径保护大白鲨及它们的繁殖地。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.fatal adj.致命的 2.evidence n.证据;证明 3.acknowledge v.承认 4.give birth to生(孩子),产(仔) 5.presence n.出现 6.propose v.建议
7.endangered adj.濒危的 8.confirm v.证实;确认
【差距词汇】 1.viewfinder n.(照相机的)取景器
2.embryonic adj.胚胎的 3.thrive v.茁壮成长
长难句
原句 Though the paper authors acknowledge that it is possible that the white layer the shark shed might have been caused by a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句,acknowledge后面是由(第一个)that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中it作形式主语,(第二个)that从句是真正的主语,在that从句中又含有一个省略关系代词的定语从句the shark shed,修饰the white layer;主句中believe后面是省略that的宾语从句,在宾语从句中what引导主语从句。
译文 尽管论文作者承认鲨鱼蜕下的白色层可能是由一种皮肤病导致的,但两人认为他们看到的实际上是一只新生的大白鲨。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了波浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。
1.D 细节句。根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.(波浪能的优势显而易见。)”可知,D选项“波浪能在产生时不会释放温室气体”承接上文,具体说明波浪能的环保优势,符合语境,故选D。
2.G 细节句。 上文谈到,波浪发电还有很大的潜力,因为许多国家都能利用海洋为他们的电力系统提供动力。而且,波浪几乎不会中断,几乎总是在运动。G项“这使得波浪能发的电成为一种更可靠的能源”承接上文,说明其结果,符合语境。故选G。
3.E 细节句。设空处上文谈到波浪能的缺点也令人担心。直接在海滩上建造工厂或架电线可能具有挑战性。下文谈到当地的捕鱼区可能会受到影响或者工厂会导致更多的海岸侵蚀。上下文都是在讲波浪发电的不利方面,E项“它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害”与上下文意思一致,都是在讲波浪能的不利方面。故选E。
4.F 细节句。上文谈到,高昂的成本也是一个问题,波浪能是一项处于发展早期阶段的新兴能源技术,因此计算成本是困难的。下文讲了由于不断的运转会导致更多的损坏,波浪能工厂很可能需要定期和昂贵的维护。F项“在流动的盐水中的工厂的维护费用非常昂贵”与上下文都是费用方面的问题,符合语境,故选F。
易错归因
本题容易误选B项,因为B项也与费用有关。B项主要有两个问题:一是代词They的指代无处落地,They在前面没有指代内容;二是“很多国家支付不起”与前面的“计算成本是困难的”也是矛盾的,既然不好计算成本,何谈支付不起呢
5.C 主旨句。 设空处位于段首,后文谈到波浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力,但各个国家能够使用波浪能还有赖于这个行业需要做的一些工作。故C项“尽管存在挑战,但波浪能还是有未来的”能够统领下文,符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.appealing adj.吸引人的 2.renewable adj.可再生的 3.by comparison比较起来 4.have access to可使用;可接近;可进入 5.interrupt vt.使中断,使暂停 6.calculate v.计算 7.enormous adj.巨大的
【差距词汇】 1.turbine n.汽轮机,涡轮机 2.kinetic energy n.动能 3.erosion n.侵蚀,腐蚀
长难句
原句 However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是the industry,谓语是needs,宾语是more funding and research,“to finalize the technologies involved”是不定式短语作目的状语,involved作后置定语修饰technologies。so that引导目的状语从句。
译文 然而,该行业需要更多的资金和研究来最终确定所涉及的技术,以便各国能够开始在他们的可再生能源清单中加上波浪能。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1869年5月,失去右臂的前联邦军少校约翰·威斯利·鲍威尔率领10名队员,乘坐四艘满载10个月补给的重型木船进行探险的故事。尽管面临重重困难,如急流、船只破损、食物短缺等,他们仍坚持完成了探险,成功绘制了此前未知的区域的地图。
1.B 根据第二段中的“The one-armed captain”可知,鲍威尔只有一条胳膊,所以这里指失去了大部分右臂(arm)。故选B项。
2.A 根据第三段中“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness”及第四段中的 “expedition(探险队)”可推知,鲍威尔一行人要完成的是一次探险,故招募的人是懂得如何在荒野中生存的探险者(explorers)。故选A项。
易错归因
本题易误选D项,原因是第二段提到了“None of the men were 3 boatmen.”,但根据第三段的“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river.”可排除D项。
3.C 根据第三段中“but had never navigated a river”可知,这些人不懂得如何横越河流,所以鲍威尔招募的不是有经验的(experienced)船员。故选C项。
4.A 上文陈述了鲍威尔的探险队面临的成员不专业、地图不完整的问题,下文“it was the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark”却肯定其意义,并把这次探险与刘易斯和克拉克的探险相提并论,上下文有转折关系。副词still意为“但,不过”,符合语境。故选A项。
5.C 根据第四段的“The expedition spent days in 11 water”和“And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead.”可知,鲍威尔一行人的航行充满未知的(unknown)水流。故选C项。
6.B 根据第四段中“Much of the journey”和“the arduous journey”可知,用journey表示长途旅程,journey为原词复现。故选B项。 tour强调观光。
7.D 根据下文“but had never navigated a river”可推知,上下文是转折关系,这些人知道如何在荒野中生存下来(survive),但从未横越过河流。故选D项。
8.A 根据上文“He packed so much food”可知,鲍威尔带了如此多的食物,以至于险些(nearly)把船弄沉。故选A项。
9.D 根据下文的“boats damaged”可知,要修理(repairing)受损的船只。故选D项。
10.D 根据前文“Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce”可知他们的食物丢失或变质了,也很少有野味可寻,所以下文“Powell went inland to 10 with the Indians for food”应是鲍威尔去内陆与印第安人协商(negotiate)获得食物。故选D项。
11.B 根据下文的“46-degree heat”和“Three men deserted the cause along the way.”可推知,句中描述的是探险队经历的极端环境,结合选项,freezing water“冰冷的水”可与热形成对比,符合语境。故选B项。
12.C 根据前文提到的船员在石头上睡觉可推断第二天早上应穿上(pulled on)衣服。故选C项。pull in吸引;pull up(使车)停下;pull at抓住并不断拉扯。
13.A 根据上文的“successfully”可推知,他们最终成功适应了(adapted to)面临的种种挑战。故选A项。stick to坚持;see to照料;get to到达。
14.B 根据上文“mapped a wilderness previously labeled as ‘territory unknown’”可知,鲍威尔绘制了此前未知的区域的地图,所以他的地图将是无价(priceless)之宝。故选B项。
15.D 句意:美丽在于生命的存在,在于超越挑战,去发现我们所实现的微小时刻的奇迹——有时会凶多吉少。设空处位于文中最后一句,对全文进行升华。根据语境可知应选D项。
【高频词汇】 1.supplies n.补给,补给品 2.expedition n.探险(队) 3.carve v.雕刻 4.previously adv.以前地,先前地
【熟词生义】 1.major n.少校 2.rapids n.急流
3.game n.野禽,野味 4.desert v.遗弃,背弃 5.cause n.事业
【差距词汇】 1.recruit v.招募;吸收(新成员)
2.portage v.搬运,运输 3.oar n.桨 4.driftwood n.漂流木
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