2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What time is the man's appointment
A.2:15 p.m. B.2:30 p.m. C.2:45 p.m.
2.How is the weather at present
A.Sunny. B.Rainy. C.Cloudy.
3.What is the man doing
A.He is consulting.
B.He is complaining.
C.He is arguing with the woman.
4.What is most important for the woman now
A.Finding cheap food.
B.Having various foods.
C.Buying unpolluted food.
5.Where are the speakers most probably
A.In the library.
B.In the zoo.
C.In the classroom.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What is the possible relationship between the speakers
A.Salesman and customer.
B.Husband and wife.
C.Boss and secretary.
7.What is the matter with the printer
A.It runs out of paper.
B.The button is out of order.
C.Some paper is stuck inside.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.Who will accompany Kate to New York City
A.Nobody.
B.The man's roommate.
C.Her friend.
9.How will Kate go to New York
A.By car. B.By bike. C.By train.
10.What do Kate and Laura have in common
A.They both enjoy traveling.
B.They are both New Yorkers.
C.They both take an interest in music.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What are the speakers talking about
A.A trip.
B.The weather.
C.A place of interest.
12.What day is it today
A.Wednesday. B.Thursday. C.Friday.
13.What should the man take to the West Lake
A.Some water. B.Some food. C.A coat.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.Why is Sarah calling
A.To cancel her order.
B.To delay the delivery time.
C.To change the delivery address.
15.What will Sarah do next week
A.Have a business trip.
B.Run a machine.
C.Go downtown.
16.How will Sarah's package be dealt with
A.It will be left at her door.
B.It will be kept at a post office.
C.It will be returned to the supplier.
17.How much will Sarah's bill be
A.$150. B.$160. C.$170.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.Where is the ship
A.Stuck in thick sea ice.
B.About 3,000 meters beneath the ice.
C.About 100 meters beneath the ice.
19.How did the British explorer feel about the ship
A.Very surprised.
B.A little frightened.
C.A bit dissatisfied.
20.What did the exploring team do to the ship
A.They lifted it from the deep sea.
B.They left it in the deep sea.
C.They took away some parts of it.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grand Canyon River Hike
July 28-30
The coolest thing to do in Summer! A river hike is a combination of normal hiking and hiking along the course of rivers. It often involves walking in the water and on rocks, low-level rock climbing, crossing rivers, and swimming.
River hikes are fun but require average to high fitness level, good balance and swimming skills. Climbing skills are not necessary. They are not recommended to people afraid of heights or water, nor children under the age of 15.
TRIP SCHEDULE
Day 1 Friday
18:45 We're going to get out of Los Angeles. I'm waiting for you at Griffith Park!
19:00 Everyone's here. Time to go!
23:30 Arrive at the Guesthouse. Let's quickly get to the room and go for some quality sleep to recharge for the hike tomorrow.
Day 2 Saturday
07:00 Get up and have breakfast.
07:30 Pack all your belongings; we'll be on the bus for about 2 hours before reaching our drop-off point.
09:30 We will walk on the road for about 30 minutes to reach the starting point. Then we have 15 minutes to put our swimming suits on and apply some suncreams before getting ready for the hiking!
For the rest of the day, we will mainly be hiking on the rocks, stopping on the way for your self-prepared lunch when you want.
16:30 Finish the hike and get on the bus waiting for us. We're going to spend the night in the Guesthouse village.
18:30 Let's have dinner and enjoy the night!
Day 3 Sunday
9:00 Get up and have breakfast. After yesterday's exciting hike, today is mainly relaxing!
10:00 We will reach a nice river spot for swimming and jump from rocks before going back to the village where we will have lunch. Or you can just stay in the village, walk around and relax.
13:00 After group lunch we will take our private bus and head back to Los Angeles.
19:30/20:00 Estimated arrival time in Los Angeles.
Note:For details about costs and safety measures, please refer to the next page on our website.
21.What is clearly stated as a recommendation for the activity
A.Age. B.Climbing skill.
C.A fitness certificate. D.Physical height.
22.At about what time does the river hike start
A.7:30. B.9:30.
C.9:45. D.10:15.
23.What can we learn about the river hike
A.It's a weekend getaway.
B.Two lunches are provided.
C.It takes place in Los Angeles.
D.Hiking the whole trip is required.
B
Mallory Haske surfs nearly every day in the summer, and it really annoys her to see trash in the water or on the beach. So when her high school English teacher assigned a passion project, Haske came up with a creative idea that connected surfing with trash.
She collected litter on the beach and used it to create a surfboard in an effort to raise people's awareness of ocean pollution. “The feeling of catching a wave is fantastic. It's such a mental release,” said Haske, standing on the beach waxing(给……打蜡) her newly finished trash board. “I really hope it floats.”
Her teacher assigned the project months ago and was surprised to see how Haske's enthusiasm for it grew throughout the school year. “Not every student found their passion, but she did,” said the teacher. “I'm super proud of her.”
Over the winter, Haske, who would graduate soon, collected litter including cigarette butts, bottle caps, fast-food containers and masks along the resort area beach. “It was definitely a unique challenge,”Haske said.
She landed a sponsor and raised money from friends to create the surfboard, which cost about $1,000. Haske took custom orders and helped people build their own surfboards. Making one out of trash was a first for her. Nearly the entire board was made from recycled material and litter.
On Tuesday after school, Haske went out and attempted to ride a wave on her new board, but the mostly flat conditions made it difficult. The nose of the surfboard made by herself kept going under the water, but Haske stayed upbeat. “It's pretty heavy up front, but it's going to be my best friend,” Haske said after coming out of the water. “It's made for large waves.”
24.Why did Haske make the surfboard
A.To put trash to the best use.
B.To enter a surfing competition.
C.To pursue her passion for surfing.
D.To draw people's attention to ocean pollution.
25.Which of the following can best describe Haske
A.Proud and reliable.
B.Responsible and innovative.
C.Tough and faithful.
D.Imaginative and desperate.
26.How did Haske make the surfboard
A.With the help of environmentalists.
B.By cooperating with her parents.
C.By using the trash collected from the beach.
D.Under the guidance of her teacher.
27.What does the underlined word “upbeat”in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Optimistic. B.Cautious.
C.Peaceful. D.Discouraged.
C
In a joint effort to tackle the climate crisis, humans are turning to Offshore Wind Farms(OWFs) as a source of renewable energy. Electricity is one of the biggest forms of renewable energy. The world's largest OWF covers an area of 462 square kilometers, with each turbine(涡轮机) standing 200 meters above the sea. It has the capacity to power over 1.4 million homes. But what impact do the towering turbines have on life in the water below and the sky above
It's thought that OWFs could affect marine life in a number of ways, from noise disturbing the behaviors of fish and whales to changes in the diversity of species in the area. Seabirds that live in the North and Baltic Seas—where a vast majority of OWFs are placed—are also thought to be endangered by turbines. A report from BirdLife International found that twelve seabird species there were at high risk of crashing farms and seven at high risk of being displaced by their construction.
Not all impacts are negative though—some research has suggested that OWFs have the potential for environmental benefits too. A study tracking the movement of gray seals in the North Sea found that they were frequent visitors to two OWFs, searching between turbines for food. The researchers suggested that farms were acting like artificial reefs, representing a new and concentrated source of food. In areas where marine life has become less dense, they could allow life to flourish(繁荣) once again.
Even so, researchers explained that it's difficult to predict the full extent of the potential environmental outcomes of these unexpected artificial reefs. “Only a small proportion of the seals used wind farms or pipelines,” study author Deborah Russell told The Guardian at the time.
To avoid replacing one problem by a new one, it seems that researchers and developers will have to continue working hand in hand to ensure OWFs and marine life can successfully live side by side.
28.What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the main topic of the text.
B.To show the effect of OWFs on sea life.
C.To draw readers' attention to artificial reefs.
D.To introduce the largest OWF in the world.
29.How will OWFs affect the surrounding sea life
A.They will help all the gray seals survive.
B.They will increase the diversity of species.
C.They will become a threat to seabirds.
D.They will provide new resources for seabirds.
30.What should researchers and developers do next
A.Explore another source of renewable energy.
B.Reduce the bad effects of OWFs on the marine life.
C.Build new OWFs to supply power to more homes.
D.Make an accurate assessment of the effect of OWFs.
31.What is the best title for the text
A.OWFs—Friends or Enemies of Marine Life
B.The Pros and Cons of Wind Farms on Land
C.The Turbines—a Danger or Favor to Seals
D.The Shift to OWFs as a Source of New Energy
D
Escaping predators(掠食动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We are surprised by the intensity of the changes we see, how rapidly the content of oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on the marine ecosystem are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Ocean oxygen levels in some tropical regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons. First, the warmer the liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above the colder, saltier sea water. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water with the water in the depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it in the depths.
Ocean animals, large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge(庇护) in zones with the higher oxygen content or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification(酸化), but deoxygenation(脱氧) is the most pressing issue sea animals face today, Oschlies says. “After all,” he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimps(虾)move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of the low oxygen content than others. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in the oxygen content is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
32.According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most
A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.
B.The survival of predators and various other marine animals.
C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.
D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
33.Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean
A.The melt of the polar ice consumes much oxygen in the ocean.
B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.
C.The polar ice water on the surface prevents oxygen going down.
D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
34.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals' natural habitats.
B.Ocean acidification is a more serious problem than deoxygenation.
C.Not all ocean animals are disturbed by the decreasing oxygen levels.
D.Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
35.Where does the passage most probably come from
A.A biology textbook. B.A realistic novel.
C.A book review. D.A scientific journal.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take things from the sea, and we should give things to it.
We take fish from the sea—millions of kilograms of fish every year—to feed billions of people. 36 We take minerals from the sea. One way to get salt is to place sea water in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发). 37 Much gold and silver dissolve(溶解) in the water of the sea, too, but the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 38 Seaweed becomes many kinds of foods—even candy and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink sea water. 39 But sea water becomes fresh water when the salt and other impurities are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give to the sea Garbage. 40 Huge as it is, the sea cannot hold all the waste water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the sea is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the sea when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its ingredients may cause illness.
G.We take a lot from the sea and give little to the sea.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up in coastal Maine, Lynda Doughty spent lots of time out on the sea. There she often saw whales, seals and other marine animals. She developed a(n) 41 for the wildlife living along the coast.
“I remember being so amazed by them and 42 what was happening in their life,” Doughty said.
She also 43 that their life was influenced by pollution and other human-related activities. She wanted to do something to 44 these animals.
So she became a marine 45 and worked with organizations that provided help for sick and injured sea animals. But as many nonprofits closed their doors, Doughty decided to step in.
In 2011, she 46 her nonprofit, Marine Mammals of Maine, and has since provided help and medical care for more than 3,000 sea animals.
When the epidemic broke out, things became more difficult, but they couldn't 47 —the animals 48 needed their help.
“We were so nervous of how we would 49 as a nonprofit in uncertain times,” Doughty said. “ 50 , our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals.”
When another New England-based marine animal rescue program 51 its animal care during the epidemic period, Doughty's work became more 52 than ever.
“We could no longer take any 53 to their rescue center and there were not enough rehabilitation(康复) places for these animals. Actually, we were really 54 and there was more pressure for our center to stay open,” Doughty said.
“I feel this strong 55 to help these animals,” Doughty said. “This is what I was put on the earth to do.”
41.A.habit B.taste C.love D.approach
42.A.dreaming B.wondering C.estimating D.approving
43.A.declared B.imagined C.doubted D.noticed
44.A.protect B.attract C.evolve D.prevent
45.A.chemist B.biologist C.linguist D.psychologist
46.A.set out B.gave out C.set up D.gave up
47.A.go back B.wipe out C.come along D.slow down
48.A.already B.still C.even D.just
49.A.survive B.capture C.occupy D.quit
50.A.Normally B.Hopefully C.Naturally D.Luckily
51.A.started B.stopped C.continued D.forgot
52.A.generous B.delightful C.crucial D.terrifying
53.A.employees B.partners C.experts D.animals
54.A.assisted B.encouraged C.needed D.impressed
55.A.responsibility B.ability C.personality D.chance
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deep below the ocean's surface is a mysterious world that takes up 95% of Earth's living space. But the deep sea remains 56 (large) unexplored. As you dive down through this vast living space, you will notice that light starts fading rapidly. The deeper you dive, the 57 (low) the temperature becomes. At 13,000 feet, the temperature stays around freezing point, and there's no sunlight at all. Yet there is life—an astonishing 58 (vary) of creatures that you'll never imagine. You can't dive into the deep ocean on your own, of course. But scientists now have lots of advanced and complicated technologies 59 (explore) the vast deep sea.
It's hard to imagine that thousands of fascinating animals have adapted to life in this 60 (challenge) environment. Many of them look quite strange. Some have huge eyes while others seem to have only mouths. Their jaws—often filled with sharp teeth— 61 (be) always open.
The Census of Marine Life is an international project, 62 records the diversity, distribution, 63 abundance of marine life.The researchers have discovered more than 5,000 new species so far. The data and information 64 (collect) by the Census—30 million records and 2,600 papers contributed 65 the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,上周六你校在图书馆举办了一场学生英语演讲比赛,主题为“是否应该进行海洋探索”。现在请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.参赛对象;
2.比赛情况;
3.比赛意义。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We moved to a small seaside community in New Zealand 10 years ago, because my husband Phil worked as a biologist and he had to do research near the sea. I had seen seals(海豹) around Pilot Bay, which is near here. Sometimes you saw them out on the rocks, sunning themselves or playing—but usually in their own territory. They never thought about disturbing their neighbors.
It was a dark winter morning in August this year when a seal came. At 5:50 a.m., I left the house to go fitness training. I went down to the car parked in the driveway and heard a growl(咆哮). I thought our cat, Coco, must have chased a dog under the car. I jumped into the car to avoid getting my ankles bitten, and moved slowly, but then I felt the car hit something. When I got out to have a look, I couldn't see anything and thought it must have moved away. Then when I got back into my seat, I saw a baby seal in the headlights.
I thought, “Oh, my God.” but didn't panic—the ocean is just down the driveway and I thought it would find its way back. Off I went to the training center and gave everyone there a laugh when I said, “Sorry I'm late;there was a seal under the car.” I didn't think about it again until I got home. As I walked through the garage (车库), I noticed our baskets had been moved. I wondered if it was the seal, but then I guessed it could not be the seal because I didn't think it could fit through the cat door, which was the only way into the garage. But I was wrong. As I opened the door to the house, I brushed something and heard this flip-flip-flip-flip sound, and thought, “My God, that is the seal.”
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
It was so cute like a lovely soft toy.
We called the Animal Protection Station,and a worker came over.
答案全解全析
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A
9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.C
17.B 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.D
25.B 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.C 30.B 31.A 32.A
33.C 34.A 35.D 36.E 37.D 38.A 39.F 40.B
41.C 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.C 47.D 48.B
49.A 50.D 51.B 52.C 53.D 54.C 55.A
56.largely 57.lower 58.variety 59.to explore 60.challenging 61.are 62.which 63.and 64.collected 65.to
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一次大峡谷河远足的活动安排。
21.A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“They are not recommended to people afraid of heights or water, nor children under the age of 15.”可知,该活动明确建议15岁以下的儿童不要参加,对于年龄的要求比较严格。故选A。
22.D 推理判断题。根据Day 2 Saturday部分内容可知,从09:30开始,步行大概30分钟到达起点,然后做15分钟准备工作,由此可推知,沿河徒步旅行大约10:15开始。故选D。
23.A 细节理解题。根据Day 3 Sunday部分中“After yesterday's exciting hike”可知河边徒步是Day 2 Saturday的行程,即周末度假活动。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mallory Haske利用从海边捡的垃圾来制作冲浪板,并借此提醒人们注意保护海洋的故事。
24.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,Haske收集海滩上的垃圾制作冲浪板是想提高人们对海洋污染的认识。故选D。
25.B 推理判断题。第一段最后一句“因此,当她的高中英语老师布置了一个爱好项目时,Haske想出了一个创造性的想法,将冲浪和垃圾联系在一起。”说明她有创意。第二段第一句“她收集了海滩上的垃圾,并用它制作了一个冲浪板,以提高人们对海洋污染的认识。”说明Haske注意海洋环境保护,是一个有责任心的人。故选B。A.自豪的和可靠的;C.严厉的和忠诚的;D.富有想象力的和不顾一切的。
26.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句的“整个冬天,即将毕业的Haske沿着度假区的海滩收集垃圾”和第五段最后一句“几乎整个冲浪板都是由回收材料和垃圾制成的。”可知,Haske的冲浪板是由她在海边捡到的垃圾制成的。故选C。
27.A 词义猜测题。通过画线词所在句及后面一句 “她自己做的冲浪板的前端一直往水下钻,但Haske保持upbeat。Haske从水里出来后说:‘它的前面很沉,但它将成为我最好的朋友。它是为大浪而制作的。’”可知,虽然冲浪板不太好用,前端无法翘出水面,但Haske依旧很喜欢这块冲浪板,认为它适合在有大浪时使用。结合四个选项可猜测upbeat的意思是“乐观的”。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类在应对气候危机时采用了海上风电场作为可再生能源的一种来源,同时探讨了海上风电场对附近生物的影响。
28.A 推理判断题。根据第一段对海上风力发电场的介绍和段末提出的问题“But what impact do the towering turbines have on life in the water below and the sky above ”可推知,第一段是为了引出本文“海上风电场对海洋附近生物的影响”这一话题。故选A项。
29.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A report from...by their construction.”可知,国际鸟盟的一份报告发现,12种海鸟很有可能与风电场相撞,7种海鸟很有可能因风电场的建设而流离失所,所以海上风电场会对海鸟构成威胁。故选C项。
30.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,不能解决一个问题又产生新的问题,研究人员和开发人员需要携手合作,确保海上风力发电场和海洋生物能成功共存,所以他们应该减小海上风力发电场对海洋生物的影响。故选B项。
31.A 主旨大意题。结合第一段中提出的问题,第二段中的“It's thought that...in the area.”和第三段中的“Not all impacts...environmental benefits too.”可知,文章主要介绍了海上风电场对海洋附近生物的影响,这种影响有利也有弊。由此可知,“OWFs—Friends or Enemies of Marine Life (海上风电场——海洋生物的朋友还是敌人 )”适合作为文章最佳标题。故选A项。
D
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章指出,海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化相关的令人担忧的趋势。
32.A 细节理解题。由第二段后三句可知,对于科学家来说,变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪,但下降的幅度需要引起人们的注意。一些最近的研究表明,在过去的50年里,一些热带地区的海洋氧含量下降了惊人的40%,其他地区的降幅较小,全球平均降幅为2%。所以,科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。故选A。
33.C 细节理解题。第三段说明了变暖的海洋缺氧的两点原因,分别是:一、液体温度越高,它能容纳的气体就越少;二、当极地海冰融化时,它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。这个过程会形成一种类似盖子的东西,它可以防止水流将表面的水与海洋深处的水混合。因为所有的氧气都进入表面,所以较少的混合就意味着海洋深处的氧含量更少。所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故选C。
34.A 推理判断题。由第四段前两句可知,Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现,无论大小,海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应,它们在氧含量较高的区域寻求庇护或调整行为。这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的掠食动物面前,或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。所以海洋氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地,去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。故推断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然栖息地。故选A。
35.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势,还说明了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响。所以文章主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的,而这属于科学的范畴,所以可推测出该文章很可能来自科学期刊。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们越来越依赖海洋的资源,但是我们却不断地污染海洋,作者希望人们减少海洋污染。
36.E 根据空前句可知,我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千克的鱼来养活数十亿人。由此推断空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好处,故选E项。倒数第二段提到的fertilizer也是对此处的提示。
37.D 根据空前两句可知,人们从海洋中提取矿物,一种方式是通过蒸发海水获得盐,D项承接上文关于从海水中获得盐的描述,符合语境。故选D。
38.A 根据空前两句可知,来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠可以被制成珠宝,空后句说海藻可以被制成多种食物以及药品。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项,A项符合语境。故选A。
39.F 根据空前句可知,人不能喝海水,而空后句表明去掉海水中的盐和其他杂质就能得到淡水。空处应该承接上文,讲喝海水的不良影响,F项符合语境。故选F。
40.B 本段主要讲述了人们对海洋的污染。根据空前两句可知,人们给海洋带来了垃圾,污染了海洋,B项承上启下,符合语境。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Lynda Doughty在海边长大,对海洋动物充满热爱,也关注它们的生存状况,后来她成为一名海洋生物学家并创立了非营利组织,致力于救助受伤的海洋生物。
41.C 根据第三段的“She wanted to do something to 44 these animals.”和第五段的“provided help and medical care for more than 3,000 sea animals”可知,她热爱海洋动物。故选C项。
42.B 根据上文“I remember being so amazed by them”可知,她对海洋动物的生活感到惊奇,所以想知道在这些动物的生活中所发生的事情。故选B项。
43.D 根据下文“She wanted to do something to 44 these animals.”可知,她想要采取行动,说明她注意到了动物们已经受到了影响。故选D项。
44.A 根据上文“their life was influenced by pollution and other human-related activities”可知,她注意到了受到污染和人类活动影响的动物,所以想做一些事情来保护它们。故选A项。
45.B 根据后文的“worked with organizations that provided help for sick and injured sea animals”可知,她的工作与生物学相关,也就是一名海洋生物学家。故选B项。
46.C 根据上文的“Doughty decided to step in”和下文“her nonprofit, Marine Mammals of Maine”可知,她建立了自己的非营利组织,故选C项。
47.D 根据上文“things became more difficult, but they couldn't”可知,尽管面临困难,但他们不能停止帮助动物,也就是不能放慢帮助动物的脚步。故选D项。
48.B 根据上文“they couldn't slow down”可知,他们不能放慢脚步,因为动物们仍然需要他们的帮助。故选B项。
49.A 根据上文的“things became more difficult”和“We were so nervous of how we would”可知,在多变的时期,他们担心他们的组织如何生存下去。故选A项。
50.D 根据下文“our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals”可知,这里表达的是积极的结果。故选D项。
51.B 根据下文“We could no longer take any 53 to their rescue center and there were not enough rehabilitation places for these animals.”可知,这里指另一个新英格兰的海洋动物救助计划停止了运作。故选B项。
52.C 根据上文“another New England-based marine animal rescue program stopped its animal care during the epidemic period”可知,当另一个海洋动物救助计划停止运作之后,Doughty的工作就显得尤为重要。故选C项。
53.D 根据下文的“there were not enough rehabilitation places for these animals”可知,这里指的是动物。故选D项。
54.C 根据上文可知,有的动物救助计划停止运行了,动物康复中心不够用,所以动物们的确很需要Doughty团队的帮助,这也承接了下文提到的Doughty的救援中心压力更大了。故选C项。
55.A 根据“This is what I was put on the earth to do.”可知,她感到自己有责任去做这件事。故选A项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针对海洋深处的世界的探索发现。
56.largely 考查副词。设空处后是形容词,所以用副词作状语,修饰形容词unexplored。故填largely,表示“在很大程度上,主要地”。句意:但是深海在很大程度上仍没有被探索。
57.lower 考查形容词的比较级。此处构成“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句型,意为“越……,就越……”。根据The deeper 可知,这里填lower。句意:你潜得越深,温度就变得越低。
58.variety 考查名词。 a variety of为固定搭配,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
59.to explore 考查不定式。句意:但科学家们现在有很多先进而复杂的技术来探索广阔的深海。根据句意可知,此处是动词不定式短语作定语。故填to explore。
60.challenging 考查形容词。根据空前的this及空后的名词environment可知,此处用形容词challenging作定语,修饰environment。故填challenging。this challenging environment意为“这种充满挑战的环境”。
61.are 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它们的颌——经常长满锋利的牙齿——总是张着的。根据句意可知,此处叙述的是一般情况,所以使用一般现在时,主语 jaws为复数,故填are。
62.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号隔开,将project代入后面句子中,意义完整,所以设空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为project,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which。句意:海洋生物普查计划是一个国际计划,它记录海洋生物的多样性、分布和丰富度。
63.and 考查连词。句意见上一题。diversity、distribution和abundance三个名词并列。故填and。
64.collected 考查过去分词。本句已有谓语will serve,所以设空处为非谓语动词,结合设空处后的by the Census可知,collect与The data and information之间为逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰The data and information。故填collected。
65.to 考查介词。“contribute sth. to...”为固定结构,意为“为……投(稿)”。故填to。此处“contributed to...”作后置定语。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration
An English speech contest about whether we should explore the ocean was held in our school library last Saturday.
The competition started at 9:00 am and lasted two hours. Students who have a good command of English and show great interest in this topic took turns to give us a speech. Their performances on the stage were so wonderful that they were greeted with applause and praise.
The activity was highly spoken of because not only did it enrich our school life but it also enabled us to realize the importance of protecting the ocean.
第二节
One possible version:
It was so cute like a lovely soft toy. It had watery eyes and looked at me like a child, which made me desperately want to keep it secret. But I knew it was a wild animal and that it should be back to its home, because wild animals belong to the wild. With a deep sigh, I phoned Phil, who was on his way home from a work trip. He told me that wild animals smelled bad and that I probably never knew how sharp their teeth were. On Phil's arriving home, we immediately looked for the contact information.
We called the Animal Protection Station,and a worker came over. It was sad to see the lovely little wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away, but a great relief arose in my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked. Experiencing this fortuitous encounter with the seal reminded me that we should help raise awareness of protecting seals. So, I, together with Phil, posted the photos on social media and it snowballed. For us, it was pretty good to see so many people care about our lovely wild neighbors: seals.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What time is the man's appointment
A.2:15 p.m. B.2:30 p.m. C.2:45 p.m.
2.How is the weather at present
A.Sunny. B.Rainy. C.Cloudy.
3.What is the man doing
A.He is consulting.
B.He is complaining.
C.He is arguing with the woman.
4.What is most important for the woman now
A.Finding cheap food.
B.Having various foods.
C.Buying unpolluted food.
5.Where are the speakers most probably
A.In the library.
B.In the zoo.
C.In the classroom.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What is the possible relationship between the speakers
A.Salesman and customer.
B.Husband and wife.
C.Boss and secretary.
7.What is the matter with the printer
A.It runs out of paper.
B.The button is out of order.
C.Some paper is stuck inside.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.Who will accompany Kate to New York City
A.Nobody.
B.The man's roommate.
C.Her friend.
9.How will Kate go to New York
A.By car. B.By bike. C.By train.
10.What do Kate and Laura have in common
A.They both enjoy traveling.
B.They are both New Yorkers.
C.They both take an interest in music.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What are the speakers talking about
A.A trip.
B.The weather.
C.A place of interest.
12.What day is it today
A.Wednesday. B.Thursday. C.Friday.
13.What should the man take to the West Lake
A.Some water. B.Some food. C.A coat.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.Why is Sarah calling
A.To cancel her order.
B.To delay the delivery time.
C.To change the delivery address.
15.What will Sarah do next week
A.Have a business trip.
B.Run a machine.
C.Go downtown.
16.How will Sarah's package be dealt with
A.It will be left at her door.
B.It will be kept at a post office.
C.It will be returned to the supplier.
17.How much will Sarah's bill be
A.$150. B.$160. C.$170.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.Where is the ship
A.Stuck in thick sea ice.
B.About 3,000 meters beneath the ice.
C.About 100 meters beneath the ice.
19.How did the British explorer feel about the ship
A.Very surprised.
B.A little frightened.
C.A bit dissatisfied.
20.What did the exploring team do to the ship
A.They lifted it from the deep sea.
B.They left it in the deep sea.
C.They took away some parts of it.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grand Canyon River Hike
July 28-30
The coolest thing to do in Summer! A river hike is a combination of normal hiking and hiking along the course of rivers. It often involves walking in the water and on rocks, low-level rock climbing, crossing rivers, and swimming.
River hikes are fun but require average to high fitness level, good balance and swimming skills. Climbing skills are not necessary. They are not recommended to people afraid of heights or water, nor children under the age of 15.
TRIP SCHEDULE
Day 1 Friday
18:45 We're going to get out of Los Angeles. I'm waiting for you at Griffith Park!
19:00 Everyone's here. Time to go!
23:30 Arrive at the Guesthouse. Let's quickly get to the room and go for some quality sleep to recharge for the hike tomorrow.
Day 2 Saturday
07:00 Get up and have breakfast.
07:30 Pack all your belongings; we'll be on the bus for about 2 hours before reaching our drop-off point.
09:30 We will walk on the road for about 30 minutes to reach the starting point. Then we have 15 minutes to put our swimming suits on and apply some suncreams before getting ready for the hiking!
For the rest of the day, we will mainly be hiking on the rocks, stopping on the way for your self-prepared lunch when you want.
16:30 Finish the hike and get on the bus waiting for us. We're going to spend the night in the Guesthouse village.
18:30 Let's have dinner and enjoy the night!
Day 3 Sunday
9:00 Get up and have breakfast. After yesterday's exciting hike, today is mainly relaxing!
10:00 We will reach a nice river spot for swimming and jump from rocks before going back to the village where we will have lunch. Or you can just stay in the village, walk around and relax.
13:00 After group lunch we will take our private bus and head back to Los Angeles.
19:30/20:00 Estimated arrival time in Los Angeles.
Note:For details about costs and safety measures, please refer to the next page on our website.
21.What is clearly stated as a recommendation for the activity
A.Age. B.Climbing skill.
C.A fitness certificate. D.Physical height.
22.At about what time does the river hike start
A.7:30. B.9:30.
C.9:45. D.10:15.
23.What can we learn about the river hike
A.It's a weekend getaway.
B.Two lunches are provided.
C.It takes place in Los Angeles.
D.Hiking the whole trip is required.
B
Mallory Haske surfs nearly every day in the summer, and it really annoys her to see trash in the water or on the beach. So when her high school English teacher assigned a passion project, Haske came up with a creative idea that connected surfing with trash.
She collected litter on the beach and used it to create a surfboard in an effort to raise people's awareness of ocean pollution. “The feeling of catching a wave is fantastic. It's such a mental release,” said Haske, standing on the beach waxing(给……打蜡) her newly finished trash board. “I really hope it floats.”
Her teacher assigned the project months ago and was surprised to see how Haske's enthusiasm for it grew throughout the school year. “Not every student found their passion, but she did,” said the teacher. “I'm super proud of her.”
Over the winter, Haske, who would graduate soon, collected litter including cigarette butts, bottle caps, fast-food containers and masks along the resort area beach. “It was definitely a unique challenge,”Haske said.
She landed a sponsor and raised money from friends to create the surfboard, which cost about $1,000. Haske took custom orders and helped people build their own surfboards. Making one out of trash was a first for her. Nearly the entire board was made from recycled material and litter.
On Tuesday after school, Haske went out and attempted to ride a wave on her new board, but the mostly flat conditions made it difficult. The nose of the surfboard made by herself kept going under the water, but Haske stayed upbeat. “It's pretty heavy up front, but it's going to be my best friend,” Haske said after coming out of the water. “It's made for large waves.”
24.Why did Haske make the surfboard
A.To put trash to the best use.
B.To enter a surfing competition.
C.To pursue her passion for surfing.
D.To draw people's attention to ocean pollution.
25.Which of the following can best describe Haske
A.Proud and reliable.
B.Responsible and innovative.
C.Tough and faithful.
D.Imaginative and desperate.
26.How did Haske make the surfboard
A.With the help of environmentalists.
B.By cooperating with her parents.
C.By using the trash collected from the beach.
D.Under the guidance of her teacher.
27.What does the underlined word “upbeat”in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Optimistic. B.Cautious.
C.Peaceful. D.Discouraged.
C
In a joint effort to tackle the climate crisis, humans are turning to Offshore Wind Farms(OWFs) as a source of renewable energy. Electricity is one of the biggest forms of renewable energy. The world's largest OWF covers an area of 462 square kilometers, with each turbine(涡轮机) standing 200 meters above the sea. It has the capacity to power over 1.4 million homes. But what impact do the towering turbines have on life in the water below and the sky above
It's thought that OWFs could affect marine life in a number of ways, from noise disturbing the behaviors of fish and whales to changes in the diversity of species in the area. Seabirds that live in the North and Baltic Seas—where a vast majority of OWFs are placed—are also thought to be endangered by turbines. A report from BirdLife International found that twelve seabird species there were at high risk of crashing farms and seven at high risk of being displaced by their construction.
Not all impacts are negative though—some research has suggested that OWFs have the potential for environmental benefits too. A study tracking the movement of gray seals in the North Sea found that they were frequent visitors to two OWFs, searching between turbines for food. The researchers suggested that farms were acting like artificial reefs, representing a new and concentrated source of food. In areas where marine life has become less dense, they could allow life to flourish(繁荣) once again.
Even so, researchers explained that it's difficult to predict the full extent of the potential environmental outcomes of these unexpected artificial reefs. “Only a small proportion of the seals used wind farms or pipelines,” study author Deborah Russell told The Guardian at the time.
To avoid replacing one problem by a new one, it seems that researchers and developers will have to continue working hand in hand to ensure OWFs and marine life can successfully live side by side.
28.What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the main topic of the text.
B.To show the effect of OWFs on sea life.
C.To draw readers' attention to artificial reefs.
D.To introduce the largest OWF in the world.
29.How will OWFs affect the surrounding sea life
A.They will help all the gray seals survive.
B.They will increase the diversity of species.
C.They will become a threat to seabirds.
D.They will provide new resources for seabirds.
30.What should researchers and developers do next
A.Explore another source of renewable energy.
B.Reduce the bad effects of OWFs on the marine life.
C.Build new OWFs to supply power to more homes.
D.Make an accurate assessment of the effect of OWFs.
31.What is the best title for the text
A.OWFs—Friends or Enemies of Marine Life
B.The Pros and Cons of Wind Farms on Land
C.The Turbines—a Danger or Favor to Seals
D.The Shift to OWFs as a Source of New Energy
D
Escaping predators(掠食动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We are surprised by the intensity of the changes we see, how rapidly the content of oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on the marine ecosystem are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Ocean oxygen levels in some tropical regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons. First, the warmer the liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above the colder, saltier sea water. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water with the water in the depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it in the depths.
Ocean animals, large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge(庇护) in zones with the higher oxygen content or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification(酸化), but deoxygenation(脱氧) is the most pressing issue sea animals face today, Oschlies says. “After all,” he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimps(虾)move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of the low oxygen content than others. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in the oxygen content is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
32.According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most
A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.
B.The survival of predators and various other marine animals.
C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.
D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
33.Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean
A.The melt of the polar ice consumes much oxygen in the ocean.
B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.
C.The polar ice water on the surface prevents oxygen going down.
D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
34.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals' natural habitats.
B.Ocean acidification is a more serious problem than deoxygenation.
C.Not all ocean animals are disturbed by the decreasing oxygen levels.
D.Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
35.Where does the passage most probably come from
A.A biology textbook. B.A realistic novel.
C.A book review. D.A scientific journal.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take things from the sea, and we should give things to it.
We take fish from the sea—millions of kilograms of fish every year—to feed billions of people. 36 We take minerals from the sea. One way to get salt is to place sea water in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发). 37 Much gold and silver dissolve(溶解) in the water of the sea, too, but the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 38 Seaweed becomes many kinds of foods—even candy and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink sea water. 39 But sea water becomes fresh water when the salt and other impurities are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give to the sea Garbage. 40 Huge as it is, the sea cannot hold all the waste water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the sea is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the sea when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its ingredients may cause illness.
G.We take a lot from the sea and give little to the sea.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up in coastal Maine, Lynda Doughty spent lots of time out on the sea. There she often saw whales, seals and other marine animals. She developed a(n) 41 for the wildlife living along the coast.
“I remember being so amazed by them and 42 what was happening in their life,” Doughty said.
She also 43 that their life was influenced by pollution and other human-related activities. She wanted to do something to 44 these animals.
So she became a marine 45 and worked with organizations that provided help for sick and injured sea animals. But as many nonprofits closed their doors, Doughty decided to step in.
In 2011, she 46 her nonprofit, Marine Mammals of Maine, and has since provided help and medical care for more than 3,000 sea animals.
When the epidemic broke out, things became more difficult, but they couldn't 47 —the animals 48 needed their help.
“We were so nervous of how we would 49 as a nonprofit in uncertain times,” Doughty said. “ 50 , our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals.”
When another New England-based marine animal rescue program 51 its animal care during the epidemic period, Doughty's work became more 52 than ever.
“We could no longer take any 53 to their rescue center and there were not enough rehabilitation(康复) places for these animals. Actually, we were really 54 and there was more pressure for our center to stay open,” Doughty said.
“I feel this strong 55 to help these animals,” Doughty said. “This is what I was put on the earth to do.”
41.A.habit B.taste C.love D.approach
42.A.dreaming B.wondering C.estimating D.approving
43.A.declared B.imagined C.doubted D.noticed
44.A.protect B.attract C.evolve D.prevent
45.A.chemist B.biologist C.linguist D.psychologist
46.A.set out B.gave out C.set up D.gave up
47.A.go back B.wipe out C.come along D.slow down
48.A.already B.still C.even D.just
49.A.survive B.capture C.occupy D.quit
50.A.Normally B.Hopefully C.Naturally D.Luckily
51.A.started B.stopped C.continued D.forgot
52.A.generous B.delightful C.crucial D.terrifying
53.A.employees B.partners C.experts D.animals
54.A.assisted B.encouraged C.needed D.impressed
55.A.responsibility B.ability C.personality D.chance
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deep below the ocean's surface is a mysterious world that takes up 95% of Earth's living space. But the deep sea remains 56 (large) unexplored. As you dive down through this vast living space, you will notice that light starts fading rapidly. The deeper you dive, the 57 (low) the temperature becomes. At 13,000 feet, the temperature stays around freezing point, and there's no sunlight at all. Yet there is life—an astonishing 58 (vary) of creatures that you'll never imagine. You can't dive into the deep ocean on your own, of course. But scientists now have lots of advanced and complicated technologies 59 (explore) the vast deep sea.
It's hard to imagine that thousands of fascinating animals have adapted to life in this 60 (challenge) environment. Many of them look quite strange. Some have huge eyes while others seem to have only mouths. Their jaws—often filled with sharp teeth— 61 (be) always open.
The Census of Marine Life is an international project, 62 records the diversity, distribution, 63 abundance of marine life.The researchers have discovered more than 5,000 new species so far. The data and information 64 (collect) by the Census—30 million records and 2,600 papers contributed 65 the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,上周六你校在图书馆举办了一场学生英语演讲比赛,主题为“是否应该进行海洋探索”。现在请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.参赛对象;
2.比赛情况;
3.比赛意义。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We moved to a small seaside community in New Zealand 10 years ago, because my husband Phil worked as a biologist and he had to do research near the sea. I had seen seals(海豹) around Pilot Bay, which is near here. Sometimes you saw them out on the rocks, sunning themselves or playing—but usually in their own territory. They never thought about disturbing their neighbors.
It was a dark winter morning in August this year when a seal came. At 5:50 a.m., I left the house to go fitness training. I went down to the car parked in the driveway and heard a growl(咆哮). I thought our cat, Coco, must have chased a dog under the car. I jumped into the car to avoid getting my ankles bitten, and moved slowly, but then I felt the car hit something. When I got out to have a look, I couldn't see anything and thought it must have moved away. Then when I got back into my seat, I saw a baby seal in the headlights.
I thought, “Oh, my God.” but didn't panic—the ocean is just down the driveway and I thought it would find its way back. Off I went to the training center and gave everyone there a laugh when I said, “Sorry I'm late;there was a seal under the car.” I didn't think about it again until I got home. As I walked through the garage (车库), I noticed our baskets had been moved. I wondered if it was the seal, but then I guessed it could not be the seal because I didn't think it could fit through the cat door, which was the only way into the garage. But I was wrong. As I opened the door to the house, I brushed something and heard this flip-flip-flip-flip sound, and thought, “My God, that is the seal.”
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
It was so cute like a lovely soft toy.
We called the Animal Protection Station,and a worker came over.
答案全解全析
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A
9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.C
17.B 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.D
25.B 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.C 30.B 31.A 32.A
33.C 34.A 35.D 36.E 37.D 38.A 39.F 40.B
41.C 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.C 47.D 48.B
49.A 50.D 51.B 52.C 53.D 54.C 55.A
56.largely 57.lower 58.variety 59.to explore 60.challenging 61.are 62.which 63.and 64.collected 65.to
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一次大峡谷河远足的活动安排。
21.A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“They are not recommended to people afraid of heights or water, nor children under the age of 15.”可知,该活动明确建议15岁以下的儿童不要参加,对于年龄的要求比较严格。故选A。
22.D 推理判断题。根据Day 2 Saturday部分内容可知,从09:30开始,步行大概30分钟到达起点,然后做15分钟准备工作,由此可推知,沿河徒步旅行大约10:15开始。故选D。
23.A 细节理解题。根据Day 3 Sunday部分中“After yesterday's exciting hike”可知河边徒步是Day 2 Saturday的行程,即周末度假活动。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mallory Haske利用从海边捡的垃圾来制作冲浪板,并借此提醒人们注意保护海洋的故事。
24.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,Haske收集海滩上的垃圾制作冲浪板是想提高人们对海洋污染的认识。故选D。
25.B 推理判断题。第一段最后一句“因此,当她的高中英语老师布置了一个爱好项目时,Haske想出了一个创造性的想法,将冲浪和垃圾联系在一起。”说明她有创意。第二段第一句“她收集了海滩上的垃圾,并用它制作了一个冲浪板,以提高人们对海洋污染的认识。”说明Haske注意海洋环境保护,是一个有责任心的人。故选B。A.自豪的和可靠的;C.严厉的和忠诚的;D.富有想象力的和不顾一切的。
26.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句的“整个冬天,即将毕业的Haske沿着度假区的海滩收集垃圾”和第五段最后一句“几乎整个冲浪板都是由回收材料和垃圾制成的。”可知,Haske的冲浪板是由她在海边捡到的垃圾制成的。故选C。
27.A 词义猜测题。通过画线词所在句及后面一句 “她自己做的冲浪板的前端一直往水下钻,但Haske保持upbeat。Haske从水里出来后说:‘它的前面很沉,但它将成为我最好的朋友。它是为大浪而制作的。’”可知,虽然冲浪板不太好用,前端无法翘出水面,但Haske依旧很喜欢这块冲浪板,认为它适合在有大浪时使用。结合四个选项可猜测upbeat的意思是“乐观的”。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类在应对气候危机时采用了海上风电场作为可再生能源的一种来源,同时探讨了海上风电场对附近生物的影响。
28.A 推理判断题。根据第一段对海上风力发电场的介绍和段末提出的问题“But what impact do the towering turbines have on life in the water below and the sky above ”可推知,第一段是为了引出本文“海上风电场对海洋附近生物的影响”这一话题。故选A项。
29.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A report from...by their construction.”可知,国际鸟盟的一份报告发现,12种海鸟很有可能与风电场相撞,7种海鸟很有可能因风电场的建设而流离失所,所以海上风电场会对海鸟构成威胁。故选C项。
30.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,不能解决一个问题又产生新的问题,研究人员和开发人员需要携手合作,确保海上风力发电场和海洋生物能成功共存,所以他们应该减小海上风力发电场对海洋生物的影响。故选B项。
31.A 主旨大意题。结合第一段中提出的问题,第二段中的“It's thought that...in the area.”和第三段中的“Not all impacts...environmental benefits too.”可知,文章主要介绍了海上风电场对海洋附近生物的影响,这种影响有利也有弊。由此可知,“OWFs—Friends or Enemies of Marine Life (海上风电场——海洋生物的朋友还是敌人 )”适合作为文章最佳标题。故选A项。
D
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章指出,海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化相关的令人担忧的趋势。
32.A 细节理解题。由第二段后三句可知,对于科学家来说,变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪,但下降的幅度需要引起人们的注意。一些最近的研究表明,在过去的50年里,一些热带地区的海洋氧含量下降了惊人的40%,其他地区的降幅较小,全球平均降幅为2%。所以,科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。故选A。
33.C 细节理解题。第三段说明了变暖的海洋缺氧的两点原因,分别是:一、液体温度越高,它能容纳的气体就越少;二、当极地海冰融化时,它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。这个过程会形成一种类似盖子的东西,它可以防止水流将表面的水与海洋深处的水混合。因为所有的氧气都进入表面,所以较少的混合就意味着海洋深处的氧含量更少。所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故选C。
34.A 推理判断题。由第四段前两句可知,Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现,无论大小,海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应,它们在氧含量较高的区域寻求庇护或调整行为。这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的掠食动物面前,或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。所以海洋氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地,去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。故推断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然栖息地。故选A。
35.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势,还说明了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响。所以文章主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的,而这属于科学的范畴,所以可推测出该文章很可能来自科学期刊。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们越来越依赖海洋的资源,但是我们却不断地污染海洋,作者希望人们减少海洋污染。
36.E 根据空前句可知,我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千克的鱼来养活数十亿人。由此推断空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好处,故选E项。倒数第二段提到的fertilizer也是对此处的提示。
37.D 根据空前两句可知,人们从海洋中提取矿物,一种方式是通过蒸发海水获得盐,D项承接上文关于从海水中获得盐的描述,符合语境。故选D。
38.A 根据空前两句可知,来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠可以被制成珠宝,空后句说海藻可以被制成多种食物以及药品。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项,A项符合语境。故选A。
39.F 根据空前句可知,人不能喝海水,而空后句表明去掉海水中的盐和其他杂质就能得到淡水。空处应该承接上文,讲喝海水的不良影响,F项符合语境。故选F。
40.B 本段主要讲述了人们对海洋的污染。根据空前两句可知,人们给海洋带来了垃圾,污染了海洋,B项承上启下,符合语境。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Lynda Doughty在海边长大,对海洋动物充满热爱,也关注它们的生存状况,后来她成为一名海洋生物学家并创立了非营利组织,致力于救助受伤的海洋生物。
41.C 根据第三段的“She wanted to do something to 44 these animals.”和第五段的“provided help and medical care for more than 3,000 sea animals”可知,她热爱海洋动物。故选C项。
42.B 根据上文“I remember being so amazed by them”可知,她对海洋动物的生活感到惊奇,所以想知道在这些动物的生活中所发生的事情。故选B项。
43.D 根据下文“She wanted to do something to 44 these animals.”可知,她想要采取行动,说明她注意到了动物们已经受到了影响。故选D项。
44.A 根据上文“their life was influenced by pollution and other human-related activities”可知,她注意到了受到污染和人类活动影响的动物,所以想做一些事情来保护它们。故选A项。
45.B 根据后文的“worked with organizations that provided help for sick and injured sea animals”可知,她的工作与生物学相关,也就是一名海洋生物学家。故选B项。
46.C 根据上文的“Doughty decided to step in”和下文“her nonprofit, Marine Mammals of Maine”可知,她建立了自己的非营利组织,故选C项。
47.D 根据上文“things became more difficult, but they couldn't”可知,尽管面临困难,但他们不能停止帮助动物,也就是不能放慢帮助动物的脚步。故选D项。
48.B 根据上文“they couldn't slow down”可知,他们不能放慢脚步,因为动物们仍然需要他们的帮助。故选B项。
49.A 根据上文的“things became more difficult”和“We were so nervous of how we would”可知,在多变的时期,他们担心他们的组织如何生存下去。故选A项。
50.D 根据下文“our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals”可知,这里表达的是积极的结果。故选D项。
51.B 根据下文“We could no longer take any 53 to their rescue center and there were not enough rehabilitation places for these animals.”可知,这里指另一个新英格兰的海洋动物救助计划停止了运作。故选B项。
52.C 根据上文“another New England-based marine animal rescue program stopped its animal care during the epidemic period”可知,当另一个海洋动物救助计划停止运作之后,Doughty的工作就显得尤为重要。故选C项。
53.D 根据下文的“there were not enough rehabilitation places for these animals”可知,这里指的是动物。故选D项。
54.C 根据上文可知,有的动物救助计划停止运行了,动物康复中心不够用,所以动物们的确很需要Doughty团队的帮助,这也承接了下文提到的Doughty的救援中心压力更大了。故选C项。
55.A 根据“This is what I was put on the earth to do.”可知,她感到自己有责任去做这件事。故选A项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针对海洋深处的世界的探索发现。
56.largely 考查副词。设空处后是形容词,所以用副词作状语,修饰形容词unexplored。故填largely,表示“在很大程度上,主要地”。句意:但是深海在很大程度上仍没有被探索。
57.lower 考查形容词的比较级。此处构成“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句型,意为“越……,就越……”。根据The deeper 可知,这里填lower。句意:你潜得越深,温度就变得越低。
58.variety 考查名词。 a variety of为固定搭配,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
59.to explore 考查不定式。句意:但科学家们现在有很多先进而复杂的技术来探索广阔的深海。根据句意可知,此处是动词不定式短语作定语。故填to explore。
60.challenging 考查形容词。根据空前的this及空后的名词environment可知,此处用形容词challenging作定语,修饰environment。故填challenging。this challenging environment意为“这种充满挑战的环境”。
61.are 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它们的颌——经常长满锋利的牙齿——总是张着的。根据句意可知,此处叙述的是一般情况,所以使用一般现在时,主语 jaws为复数,故填are。
62.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号隔开,将project代入后面句子中,意义完整,所以设空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为project,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which。句意:海洋生物普查计划是一个国际计划,它记录海洋生物的多样性、分布和丰富度。
63.and 考查连词。句意见上一题。diversity、distribution和abundance三个名词并列。故填and。
64.collected 考查过去分词。本句已有谓语will serve,所以设空处为非谓语动词,结合设空处后的by the Census可知,collect与The data and information之间为逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰The data and information。故填collected。
65.to 考查介词。“contribute sth. to...”为固定结构,意为“为……投(稿)”。故填to。此处“contributed to...”作后置定语。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration
An English speech contest about whether we should explore the ocean was held in our school library last Saturday.
The competition started at 9:00 am and lasted two hours. Students who have a good command of English and show great interest in this topic took turns to give us a speech. Their performances on the stage were so wonderful that they were greeted with applause and praise.
The activity was highly spoken of because not only did it enrich our school life but it also enabled us to realize the importance of protecting the ocean.
第二节
One possible version:
It was so cute like a lovely soft toy. It had watery eyes and looked at me like a child, which made me desperately want to keep it secret. But I knew it was a wild animal and that it should be back to its home, because wild animals belong to the wild. With a deep sigh, I phoned Phil, who was on his way home from a work trip. He told me that wild animals smelled bad and that I probably never knew how sharp their teeth were. On Phil's arriving home, we immediately looked for the contact information.
We called the Animal Protection Station,and a worker came over. It was sad to see the lovely little wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away, but a great relief arose in my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked. Experiencing this fortuitous encounter with the seal reminded me that we should help raise awareness of protecting seals. So, I, together with Phil, posted the photos on social media and it snowballed. For us, it was pretty good to see so many people care about our lovely wild neighbors: seals.
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