人教版必修一Unit 2 Travelling Around——重难点
apply for a visa 申请签证
apply vt.涂(油漆、乳剂),敷: 应用: 运用申请:适用vi.申请;使用application n. applicant n. 申请者 用法: apply sth. to 把......运用到...... apply (to...) for... (向......) 申请 apply oneself to(doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事
单句语法填空/完成句子
1.He graduated with high enough marks to apply a university. (用适当的词填空)
2.If you apply (you) to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.The questions on this part of the form only apply married men. (用适当的单词填空)
4.Over the past months,he has applied himself to (improve) the technique. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.I have been out of work for half a year, so I want to apply a job in the factory. (用适当的词填空)
6.There were over 500 (applicant) for the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.Students should (专心致志地学习). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
Actually, l’ve just finished the travel arrangements!
arrangement n. 安排;筹备arrange v. 安排,筹划 用法搭配 make arrangements for 为……做安排 come to an arrangement(with sb.)(与某人)达成协议 arrange to do sth. 安排去做某事 arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 arrange for sth. 安排某事
容易搭配错的“安排某人做某事”:
arrange sb. to do sth. (×)arrange for sb. to do sth. (√)
单句语法填空
8.All the (arrangement) are now in place for their visit. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.My boss arranged for me (discuss) details with someone from another company. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.The meeting has been arranged Wednesday. (用适当的词填空)
完成句子
11.Never mind. I’ll (安排) you to be met at the airport. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
12.They haven’t (与……达成一致)each other about accommodation. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
13.I (已经安排人代替我) to attend the meeting. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
Recognise text type辨认文本类型
recognize vt. 辨别出;承认;认可 recognised adj. 公认的,普遍接受的 recognition n.承认,识别,表彰,赞誉 搭配 recognize... to be/as... 承认……是…… be recognized as... 被认为是…… recognize that/wh- 从句 承认 / 意识到…… It is recognized that... 人们公认……
单句语法填空
14.Alexander tried to get his work (recognise) in the medical circles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond (recognize). (所给词的适当形式填空)
16.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognise). (所给词的适当形式填空)
完成句子
17.Lincoln (被认为是)one of the greatest presidents in America. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
18. (人们公认)teenagers play an important part in sports and games. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
From there, you ’ ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest .从那里,您将花一天时间乘船前往雨林深处的住宿地。
搭配:provide accommodations for 为……提供膳宿accommodate v. 为 …… 提供住宿(或膳宿、座位等);适应(新情况);容纳accommodate(oneself)to 适应;使……适应……[=adapt(oneself)to]
单句语法填空
19.I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s (accommodate). (所给词的适当形式填空)
20.The hotel was designed (accommodate) five hundred people (所给词的适当形式填空)
完成句子
21.We are looking for households who can short-term or long-term (为……提供住宿) our students. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
22.Wherever he goes, he is able to readily (适应新环境). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821.
take control of 控制;接管
gain control of 赢得对……的控制
lose control of 失去对……的控制keep control of 控制
beyond one’s control 难以约束out of control 不受控制 / 支配
in control of 掌管;控制under control 被控制住,在控制中;情况正常in/under the control of 在……的控制下get/bring sth. under control 控制某事 / 某物
完成句子
23.Students are encouraged to (掌控) their own study, rather than just depend on the teacher. (根据汉语意思完成句子)
24.I’m sorry. I recognize that I have to my temper (控制). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
25.He is (控制) the company. I mean, the company is (在……的控制下)him. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
26.He felt he was (失去对……的控制) events. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
27.There was nothing we could do about it—the situation was (失控). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru .
正因为如此,西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。
【句式分析】It is...that... 是强调句型,句中强调了原因状语 for this reason。
【句式剖析】强调句型
强调句,作为英语中的一种基础语法,是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。英语常用的强调结构是It is (was) + 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+ who/that + 剩余部分...
被强调部分可以是除谓语动词以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,可用who代替that,其他情况一般用that。
【误区警示】(1)强调句型中的 it 不能用其他代词代替。(2)用 is 还是 was 要根据原句的时态而定:属于现在或将来时间范畴的用 is;属于过去时间范畴的用 was。【学法点拨】判断句子是不是强调句型的方法:去掉 it is/was 与 that/who,剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确,则为强调句型,否则就不是。
单句语法填空
28.It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.(用适当的词填空)
29.You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.(用适当的词填空)
30. is my father who will have a face-to-face talk with me. (用适当的词填空)
用强调句型改写句子
31.My grandpa walked the dog in the street yesterday.
walked the dog in the street yesterday.(强调主语)
my grandpa walked the dog in the street.(强调时间状语)
my grandpa walked the dog yesterday.(强调地点状语)
These Inca roads were made up of two north- south highways and many small roads crossing the mountains east to west.
【句式剖析】
现在分词短语“crossing. . . to west”在句中做定语, 修饰“highways and roads”。
※※现在分词(短语)做定语※※
1) 位置:单个现在分词做定语时, 通常放在被修饰词之前:现在分词短语做定语时通常放在被修饰词之后。
2) 形式:现在分词做定语有doing和being done两种形式, 一般不用 having done的形式。
3) 扩展成句:现在分词短语做后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句
单句语法填空
32.Last night, there were millions of people (enjoy) the opening ceremony live on TV. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people (live) in remote areas began to use windmills to produce electricity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34.Listen! The song (sing) is very popular with the students. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36.Do you know the woman (sit) beside the magician (name) Fu Yan-dong (所给词的适当形式填空)
37.I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
用hold的适当形式填空
38.The meeting (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39.The meeting (hold) now is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40.The meeting (hold) yesterday is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
参考答案:
1.for
【详解】考查介词。句意:他以足以申请大学的高分毕业。动词短语apply for表示“申请”,后可跟名词短语“a university”作宾语,表示“申请大学”,符合句意。故填for。
2.yourself
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:如果你专心做手头的工作,你很快就会完成的。固定搭配apply oneself to“致力于,专心于”。故填yourself。
3.to
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:表格这一部分的问题只适用于已婚男子。固定搭配apply to ...(适用于……)。故填to。
4.improving
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:在过去的几个月里,他一直致力于改进这项技术。apply oneself to (doing) sth. 译为“致力于(做)某事”,是固定搭配,动名词作宾语。故填improving。
5.for
【详解】考查介词。句意:我已经失业半年了,所以我想申请一份工厂的工作。结合句意,此处为固定短语apply for“申请”。故填for。
6.applicants
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:有500多人申请这份工作。根据“500”可知,空处应用名词复数,作主语;applicant表示“申请人”,为可数名词,符合句意。故填applicants。
7.apply themselves to their study
【详解】考查动词短语和名词。句意:学生们应该专心致志地学习。apply oneself to sth表示“专心致志于某事”,should后接动词原形,“学习”即“他们的学习”用名词their study作宾语。故填apply themselves to their study。
8.arrangements
【详解】考查名称的复数。句意:所有的安排都已经就位,他们即将访问。arrangement为可数名词“安排”,根据空前的all可知,空处需要该名词的复数形式。故填arrangements。
9.to discuss
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我的老板安排我和另一家公司的代表讨论细节。arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事。根据句意,故填to discuss。
10.for
【详解】考查介词。句意:会议已安排在星期三举行。arrange sth. for some time意为“将某事安排在某时”,为固定搭配。故填for。
11.arrange for
【详解】考查短语。句意:不要紧。我会安排在机场接你。arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事。 I’ll后接动词原形,根据汉语提示及句意,故填arrange for。
12.come to an arrangement with
【详解】考查动词短语。句意:关于住宿,他们还没有互相达成一致。根据所给汉语提示可知,此处应用动词短语“come to an arrangement with与……达成一致”,且根据空前的haven’t可知,此处为现在完成时,空处动词用过去分词。故填come to an arrangement with。
13.have arranged for someone to take my place
【详解】考查动词短语、时态和非谓语动词。句意:我已经安排人代替我去参加会议了。“安排某人做某事”用动词短语arrange for someone to do...表示,讲述过去的事情对现在的影响,谓语动词arrange用现在完成时态have arranged,宾语补足语“代替我”用动词短语take my place,用不定式形式作宾补。故填have arranged for someone to take my place。
14.recognised
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:亚历山大试图使他的工作得到医学界的认可。此处为get+宾语+宾补结构,recognize与work构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填recognized。
15.recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意:从Sara还是个小女孩时起,我就没再见过她,她现在已经变得让我认不出了。作介词的宾语,应用名词recognition,构成beyond recognition表示“认不出来”。故填recognition。
16.recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以去购物而不被认出来。空处应填名词作介词without的宾语,recognition为不可数名词,故填recognition。
17.is recognised as##to be
【详解】考查时态。句意:林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。分析句子,设空处应该使用谓语动词,同时表示的是客观事实,故使用一般现在时。表示“被认为是”应该使用一般现在时的被动语态,即be recognised as/to be。故答案为is recognised as/to be。
18.It is recognised that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:人们公认,青少年在运动和游戏中扮演着重要的角色。表示“公认”应该用it is recognised that,该结构中,it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。设空处置于句首,开头单词首字母需要大写,同时句子描述的是客观事实,故使用一般现在时。故答案为It is recognised that。
19.accommodation##accommodations
【详解】考查名词。句意:我提出要粉刷房子,以换取一周的住宿。空格前面有名词的所有格形式week’s ,空格处应该使用名词accommodation“膳宿供应,居住舱室”, 为不可数名词,美语常用复数形式。故填accommodation或accommodations。
20.to accommodate
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这家旅馆设计容纳五百人。be designed to do sth.是固定短语,意思是 “被设计用来做某事”,所以这里用动词不定式 。故填to accommodate。
21. provide accommodations for
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们正在寻找可以为我们的学生提供短期或长期住宿的家庭。“提供”用动词provide,空前为情态动词can,所以该动词用原形。“住宿”可用名词accommodation。“为……提供住宿”可用短语“provide accommodations for”。故填①provide②accommodations for。
22.adapt to the new environment
【详解】考查动词短语和名词。句意:无论他去哪里,他都能很快适应新环境。“适应”用动词短语adapt to...,在be able to后用原形,宾语“新环境”用the new environment。故填adapt to the new environment。
23. take control of
【详解】考查动词短语。句意:鼓励学生控制自己的学习,而不是仅仅依赖老师。根据汉语提示可知,take control of…掌控,动词短语,符合题意;be encouraged to do sth.被鼓励做某事,固定搭配,此处动词不定式作宾语补足语,所以空处需用动词原形。故填① take ②control ③of。
24. bring/get under control
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:对不起。我认识到我必须控制自己的脾气。bring/get one’s temper under control为固定短语,意为“控制某人的脾气”,故填①bring/get ②under control。
25. in control of under the control of##in the control of
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:他控制着这家公司。我的意思是,公司在他的控制之下。第一空用固定短语in control of“控制”。第二空用固定短语in / under the control of“在……的控制下”。故填:①in control of;②in / under the control of。
26.out of control of
【详解】考查短语。句意:他感觉他失去了对这些事的控制。根据所给汉语提示可知,此处应用短语out of control of...作表语,故填out of control of。
27.out of control/beyond (our) control
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我们对此束手无策——局势失控了。根据句意可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,为一般过去时,根据汉语提示“失控”可知,句中应用固定短语“out of control”,意为“失去控制”,或用“beyond (our) control”,意为“无法控制”。故填out of control/beyond (our) control。
28.that
【详解】考查强调句。句意:正是当我回到我的公寓时,我第一次遇到了我的新邻居。分析句意,根据强调句的结构“it+be+强调部分+that/who+其它”可知,此处符合强调句的结构。本句强调的是when引导的时间状语从句。故填that。
29.that
【详解】考查强调句。句意:你等错地方了。长途车是在宾馆接客的。分析句子,把It is和该空去掉,句子结构完整,语义清晰,可知这里是强调句,强调句的基本结构是:it is/ was +被强调部分+ that + 句子的其他成分,这里对地点状语进行了强调,故填that。
30.It
【详解】考查强调句。句意:是我的父亲将和我进行一次面对面的谈话。去掉it is和空处,剩下的成分可以构成完整的句子,可知为强调句:It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其它部分,被强调部分为my father,故填It。
31. It was my grandpa that##It was my grandpa who It was yesterday that It was in the street that
【详解】考查强调句和时态。句意:我的祖父昨天在街上遛狗。陈述句的强调句型为It is/was+被强调部分+that(通用)/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。分析句子结构可知,时态为一般过去时,主语为my grandpa,谓语动词为walked,宾语为the dog,时间状语为yesterday,地点状语为in the street。故强调主语填It was my grandpa that/who,强调时间状语填It was yesterday that,强调地点状语填It was in the street that。
32.enjoying
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:昨晚,数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式的现场直播。空处在句中作非谓语,动词enjoy与其逻辑主语people构成逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词的形式做后置定语。故填enjoying。
33.living
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当19世纪末发现电力时,居住在偏远地区的人们开始使用风车发电。主句的谓语是began,所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语people和live之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词,作后置定语。故填living。
34.being sung
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:听!正在唱的这首歌很受学生们的欢迎。根据前面的祈使句Listen!可知,这是正在发生的事情,句子谓语为is,此处为非谓语形式,The song与sing之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,且表示正在进行,所以用现在分词的被动形式作定语。故填being sung。
35.spent
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词remembers,所以spend用非谓语形式,pend和happy time是被动关系,这里用过去分词做后置定语,修饰happy time。故填spent。
36. sitting named
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你认识坐在魔术师傅琰东旁边的那个女人吗?分析可知,句中谓语是know,空格处用非谓语动词,woman和sit之间是主谓关系,因此第一空用现在分词sitting表主动,作宾语补足语;magician和name之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此第二空用过去分词named表被动,作定语,故填sitting,named。
37.to catch
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:开会的时候我一直在看表,因为我要赶火车。分析句子,as引导的原因状语从句中had为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处使用不定式结构作定语。故填to catch。
38.to be held
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:明天要召开的会议很重要。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词is,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词the meeting,由“tomorrow”可知,此处用动词不定式表将来,the meeting和hold为逻辑动宾关系,需用动词不定式的被动语态。故填to be held。
39.being held
【详解】考查时态。句意:现在正在召开的会议非常重要。分析句子结构可知,该句的谓语动词是is,且无连词,因此空处应用非谓语动词,动词hold与其逻辑主语The meeting之间是被动关系,结合时间状语now可知,空处应用现在分词的被动形式,作名词meeting的后置定语。故填being held。
40.held
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:昨天举行的会议非常重要。该句的谓语是is,且无连词,空处应用非谓语动词,动词hold与主语The meeting之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。