Unit 3 Sports and fitness重难点 导学案（含解析）2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册期末重难点复习攻略（人教版）

人教版必修一Unit 3 Sports and fitness —重难点
An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.
compete with/against sb.(for.)(为…)同某人竞争compete in..(for)(为…)参加…比赛(或竞赛) compete for...为了…而竞争 compete to do sth.竞相做某事
competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的competition n.比赛(或竞赛) 竞争，角逐 be in competition with.与……竞争 competitor n.竞争者，对手
单句语法填空
1．Several companies are competing the contract. (用适当的词填空)
2．He’s hoping to compete the London marathon. (用适当的词填空)
3．You can build your own company and compete other companies. (用适当的词填空)
4．He carried off the champion easily in the (compete). (所给词的适当形式填空)
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.
pretend to be+n./adj.假装… pretend (not) to do sth.假装(不)做某事pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事pretend to have done sth. 假装已经做了某事 pretend that ... 假装……
用所给动词的适当形式填空
5．She pretended to (do) her homework when her mother came in. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．Don’t pretend (know) system is perfect. (所给词的适当形式填空)
完成句子
7．He an important document when the boss entered.
老板进来时他假装正在看一份重要的文件。
8．When his mother entered his room, he pretended .
当妈妈走进他的房间时，他假装已经睡着了。
9．The salesgirl pretended (hear) me and went on chatting with a lady in blue. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．Sarah , saying nothing about the argument.
萨拉假装很高兴，对争论只字不提。
I stopped comparing myself with actress and models.
compare A to B 把A比作Bcompared with /to 与…相比compare A and B 比较A和Bcompare notes (with sb) (与某人)交换意见beyond comparison n. 无与伦比
单句语法填空
11． (compare) with/to many young people, he also likes playing computer games. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．I now regularly compare my views those of many others. (用适当的词填空)
完成句子
13．I’d like to compare notes my parents on how to make friends.
我想与父母就如何交友交换意见。
14．伦敦最高的建筑与纽约的摩天大楼相比相形见绌。(compare)
The tallest building in London are small New York’s skyscrapers.
15．Have you ever considered how weak humans are _______________ a volcano, hurricane or earthquake (compare)
你是否想过与火山、飓风或地震相比，人类是何等脆弱？
Circle the words that the speaker stresses.
stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；vi.焦虑不安relieve/reduce stress 缓解压力under stress 处于压力下，有压力lay/place/put stress on sth 强调;着重于 stressful adj.充满压力的；紧张的=stressed out
单句语法填空/翻译句子
16．Some people have to lead (stress) lifestyles out of necessity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．He began to smoke again when stress. (用适当的词填空)
18．我们遭受巨大压力。 (汉译英)
19．我们学习了语音、重读和语调。 (汉译英)
That doesn't make any sense!那说不通
make sense (1)讲得通，有道理；易于理解，表述清楚sth. makes sense to sb. 某事为某人所理解 make no sense(=not make any sense)讲不通，没意义 make sense of 理解；明白 (2)是明智的，合乎情理 It makes sense to do sth.做某事是明智的
common sense 常识 a sense of direction/humour/ safety/justice There is no/little sense in (doing) sth. (做)某事没有意义 in a sense从某种意义上说 in some senses在一定意义上 in no sense 决不(位于句首时，句子要用倒装)
完成句子
20．我无法理解他想表达的意思。
I can’t he wants to express. (make sense)
21．What Johnny said at the meeting didn’t make sense. (同义句转换)
What Johnny said at the meeting .
22．为了省几美元而买最便宜的牌子的电脑是没有意义的。(make sense)
to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
翻译
23．我寄给您T恤，您支付运费是讲得通的。(make sense) (汉译英)
24．只要你不试图理解，它听起来是美的。（provided; make sense of） （汉译英）
25．这个句子太长了以至于我不能理解它。(make sense of) (汉译英)
I had no idea a letter could make such a difference.
make a difference有作用或影响●make a difference to 对……有作用或影响 make some/no/little difference（to..）（对……）有/没有/很少有作用或影响 ● tell the difference（between...and..）辨别/区分（……与……）
语法填空/翻译
26．In my mind, Tu You you is really a great person that makes difference to the world.（用适当的词填空）
27．Just five minutes’ exercise a day could make a difference your health. (用适当的词填空)
28．I had no idea a letter could make such a ! (different)(所给词的适当形式填空)
29．It is believed that parents can make a great (different) to the lives of their children.(所给词的适当形式填空)
30．无论谁赢了比赛，对我来说都没有什么区别。(make a difference；主语从句) (汉译英)
31．人们一致认为，锻炼对我们的健康有很大的作用。(recognize, make a difference) (汉译英)
I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team.
我同意这样的观点：即使假装跌倒有利于他她的球队，足球运动员也决不应该这样做。
that引导的同位语从句，作idea的同位语
that引导的同位语从句(1)同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，在句中起同位语的作用，常位于fact, doubt, order, hope, wish, idea, news, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth, conclusion等名词后面，对该名词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明。(2)名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导。(3)在that引导的同位语从句中，that在从句中不作任何成分，不可省略，只起连接作用，亦不可用 which替换。
语法填空
32．There is no doubt hard work is the key to improving your results. (用适当的词填空)
33．The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. (用适当的词填空)
翻译
34．昨天，我代表学校宣布了我们学校足球队赢得比赛的消息。(that引导的同位语从句) （汉译英）
35．that引导同位语从句
然而，越来越多的证据表明，不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物，而实际上是糖。（汉译英）
参考答案：
1．for
【详解】考查介词。句意：几家公司在竞争这个合同。固定短语compete for，意为“为……竞争”，符合句意。故此处应填介词for。故填for。
2．in
【详解】考查介词。句意：他希望参加伦敦马拉松比赛。短语compete in表示“参加、参与”。故填in。
3．with
【详解】考查介词。句意：你可以建立自己的公司，与其他公司竞争。compete with“和……竞争”，故填with。
4．competition
【详解】考查名词。句意：他在比赛中轻而易举地夺得了冠军。定冠词the后需接名词，结合句意和compete可知，此处应用其名词形式competition，作介词in的宾语，意为“比赛”。故填competition。
5．be doing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她妈妈进来时，她假装在做作业。结合“when her mother came in”可知，此处应用动词短语pretend to be doing表示“假装正在做某事”，指假装处于特定的状态或活动中。故填be doing。
6．to know
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要假装知道这个系统是完美的。pretend to do sth.意为“假装做某事”，固定短语，此处应用动词不定式to know作宾语。故填to know。
7．pretended to be reading
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。结合句意“假装正在做某事”可知短语为pretend to be doing sth.，结合后文entered可知为一般过去时。故填pretended to be reading。
8．to be asleep
【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词。pretend to do是固定搭配，用不定式作宾语，意为“假装做某事”；“睡着了”表示一种状态，可用be asleep表示，用不定式形式to be asleep作宾语。故填to be asleep。
9．not to hear
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：女售货员假装没听见我说话，继续和一位穿蓝衣服的女士聊天。动词短语pretend to do sth表示“假装做某事”，根据句意，空处表示女售货员假装“没听见”我说话，即应用动词不定式to hear的否定形式not to hear。故填not to hear。
10．pretended to be cheerful
【详解】考查动词短语和形容词。“假装做某事”使用动词短语pretend to do sth，“高兴”使用形容词cheerful，句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填pretended to be cheerful。
11．Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与许多年轻人相比，他也喜欢玩电脑游戏。compared with/to...意为“与……相比”，为独立成分，在句中作状语。故填Compared。
12．with
【详解】考查介词。句意：我现在经常将我的观点与许多其他人的观点进行比较。compare...with...意为“将……与……比较”。故填with。
13．with
【详解】考查介词。“与某人交换意见”为compare notes with sb.。故填with。
14．in comparison with
【详解】考查介词短语。结合句意和提示词，“与……相比”可用介词短语in comparison with，构成介绍短语作比较状语。故填in comparison with。
15．compared with/to
【详解】考查固定搭配。be compared with/to为固定搭配，意为“与……相比较”。故填compared with/to。
16．stressful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有些人不得不过着有压力的生活。修饰名词lifestyles应用形容词stressful，作定语。故填stressful。
17．under
【详解】考查介词。句意：压力大的时候，他又开始抽烟了。when引导的时间状语从句使用了省略形式，完整形式应该是when he was，结合“stress”和“began to smoke again”可知，固定短语under stress“在压力下，承受压力”符合题意。故填under。
18．We are under great pressure.
【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意，应用一般现在时，表示客观现实；介词短语under pressure表示“有压力、承受压力”，故under great pressure表示“遭受巨大压力”。故全句译为We are under great pressure。
19．We studied pronunciation, stress and intonation.
【详解】考查动词、时态和名词。主语“我们”用人称代词we表示，谓语“学习”用动词study，描述过去发生的事件，用一般过去时态studied；“语音、重读和语调”作宾语，用三个并列的名词，分别翻译为pronunciation、stress和intonation，由并列连词and连接。综上，全句译为：We studied pronunciation, stress and intonation.。
20．make sense of what
【详解】考查动词短语和宾语从句。分析句子可知，“理解”是主句谓语动词，用动词短语make sense of表示，在情态动词后用原形；“他想表达的意思”是宾语从句，结合英文，从句中缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导该宾语从句，意为“……的意思”。故填make sense of what。
21． made no sense
【详解】考查同义句转换。句意：Johnny在会上说的话没有道理。make sense有道理；make no sense没有道理。根据原句可知，用一般过去时。故填made no sense。
22．It doesn’t make sense
【详解】考查动词短语。“有意义”使用动词短语make sense，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，此处用It作形式主语，空后的动词不定式是真正的主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，句首单词的首字母应大写，故填It doesn’t make sense。
23．It makes sense that I send the T shirt to you and you pay for the transportation expenses.
【详解】考查主语从句，时态和短语。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“讲得通”使用动词短语make sense，“我寄给您T恤，您支付运费”译为一个主语从句，此处使用it作形式主语，“寄给”使用动词send...to，“支付”使用动词短语pay for，“运费”译为transportation expenses，故从句译为I send the Tshirt to you and you pay for the transportation expenses，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故翻译为：It makes sense that I send the Tshirt to you and you pay for the transportation expenses.
24．Provided you don’t/didn’t try to make sense of it, it sounds/sounded beautiful.
【详解】考查非谓语动词，时态，主谓一致和固定短语。分析句意可知，句子可表示现在的事情，时态用一般现在时，也可表示过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“只要”是provided，后接条件状语从句，“试图做某事”是try to do，用don’t/didn’t表否定，“理解”是make sense of，用it作宾语，“听起来”是sounds/sounded，“美的”是beautiful，因此整句话翻译为“Provided you don’t/didn’t try to make sense of it, it sounds/sounded beautiful”。故答案为Provided you don’t/didn’t try to make sense of it, it sounds/sounded beautiful.
25．The sentence is so long that I can’t make sense of it.
【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”应用so…that…；句子主语为sentence，时态为一般现在时，形容词long作表语；从句中主语为I，表示“理解”短语为make sense of。故译为：The sentence is so long that I can’t make sense of it.
26．a
【详解】考查冠词。句意：在我看来，屠呦呦真的是一个改变世界的伟大人物。这里考查make a difference to表“对……产生影响”，为固定搭配。故填a。
27．to
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：每天只需五分钟的运动就能对你的健康产生影响。根据“make a difference”和句意可推知，此处用固定短语make a difference to，意为“对……产生影响”。故填to。
28．difference
【详解】考查名词。句意：我没想到一封信能产生这样的效果。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词difference。故填difference。
29．difference
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们相信父母可以对孩子的生活产生很大的影响。make a difference有区别，有影响。根据句意，故填difference。
30．Whoever wins the game makes no difference to me.
【详解】考查主语从句和动词短语。根据题干要求，需用主语从句，分析所给中文句子，“无论谁赢了比赛”作主语，用whoever引导的主语从句，在从句中作主语，“赢了”作谓语，描述客观状态，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，译为“wins”，“比赛”作宾语，译为“the game”，“对我来说都没有什么区别”作主句的谓语和宾语，根据题干要求需用make a difference，所以此处用固定搭配：make no difference to意为“对...没有影响”，也用一般现在时，译为“makes no difference to me”。故译为：Whoever wins the game makes no difference to me.
31．It’s recognized that exercise/working out makes a great difference to our health/fitness.
【详解】考查固定句型和短语。表示“人们一致认为”句型为It’s recognized that…表示“锻炼”可用名词exercise，或动名词working out，作主语；表示“对我们的健康有很大的作用”翻译为make a great difference to our health/fitness。句子为一般现在时。故翻译为It’s recognized that exercise/working out makes a great difference to our health/fitness.
32．that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，努力工作是提高成绩的关键。句中doubt是名词，且前边有否定词no，应用 that引导同位语从句。故填that。
33．that
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：经理建议我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。分析句子结构可知，此空引导同位语从句we should have an assistant，解释说明名词suggestion的内容，从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，结合句意，应用that引导，故填that。
34．Yesterday, on behalf of my school, I announced the news that our school football team won the game.
【详解】考查同位语从句、动词和固定短语。根据句意，表示“昨天”应为yesterday作时间状语，位于句首，首字母需大写，表示“代表”应为固定短语on behalf of，表示“我的学校”应为my school作宾语，表示“我宣布”应为I announce，根据时间状语yesterday可知，此处应使用一般过去时，谓语动词为announced，表示“消息”应为news作宾语，所以主句应译为Yesterday, on behalf of my school, I announced the news；表示“我们学校足球队赢得比赛”应为同位语从句解释news，表示“我们学校足球队”应为our school football team作主语，表示“赢得”应为win，用于一般过去时，所以谓语动词形式为won，表示“比赛”应为the game作从句的宾语，所以，从句应译为“our school football team won the game”；从句中不缺少主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以该从句使用连接词that引导。故翻译为Yesterday, on behalf of my school, I announced the news that our school football team won the game.
35．However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.
【详解】考查that 引导的同位语从句、名词和介词短语。表示“越来越多的证据”应用名词increasing evidence，作主语，其后的从句对evidence进行解释说明，从句不缺成分，应用引导词that引导同位语从句，表示“真正推手”应用名词the real driver，作同位语从句主语，表示“不健康的”应用短语be of health，作定语，修名词the real driver，表示“脂肪类食物”应用 fatty food，作表语，表示“而实际上是糖”应用as it is sugar，故翻译为However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar。