人教版必修一Unit 3 Sports and fitness ——专项训练
1. 单词拼写
1.It (强调) that those making friends online should avoid being cheated. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
2.There was an expression of fierce (决心) on her face. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
3.Bella suffered serious leg (受伤) in the accident.
4.He’s under the greatest (压力) of his life to do something with his talent.
5.He has always been very strict with his daughters, training them hard to (竞争) against each other. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
6.One of the athlete’s (强项) is high jump. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
7.Kate was always (乐观的) about everything, even when things were at their worst.
8.The look on his face suggested that what you said just now had i his pride.
9.Don’t (假装) to be working hard, the result won’t play with you. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
10.Although they were dead, they had won glory and (荣誉) for our country. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
2. 词性转换
词性转换
11. adj. 积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的→ adj. 消极的;负面的
12. n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→ adj. 压力大的;紧张的
13.fail v. 失败;不及格 n. 失败;失败的人 a. 失败的;有故障的
14.compete v. 竞争;对抗 n. 竞争 n. 竞争者 a. 有竞争力的 ad. 竞争性地
15.pretend v. 假装;自诩;自称 n. 自命不凡;声称 a. 自命不凡的 ad. 狂妄自大地
16.million n. 百万 n. 百万富翁 n. 百万富婆 a. 许多的;无数的
17.cheat v. 欺骗;作弊 n. 骗子 n. 骗子;背叛者
18.positive a. 积极的 ad. 积极地
19.slimness n. 苗条 a. 苗条的 ad. 苗条地
20.diet v. 节食 n. 日常饮食;规定饮食 n. 饮食学家 a. 饮食的 ad. 饮食地
3.语法填空
21.The kind of machine has both (strong) and weaknesses. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22.The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make difference to your family, to your community and to our country. (用适当的词填空)
23. (compare) with those who are always complaining, people with positive attitudes towards life will live longer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24.He was unwilling to attend the party, so he pretended (forget) the date of the party. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25.Even though the speaker had a strong accent, Henry could catch on to his story, but Tom couldn’t make sense it at all. (用适当的词填空)
26.In the Olympic Games, they competed the 800 metres race Australian competitors the gold medal. (用适当的词填空)
27.A terrible traffic accident happened at the crossing yesterday afternoon. Some passengers’ legs , and others had serious to the head. Immediately the were rushed to the nearby hospital. (injure) (所给词的适当形式填空)
28. (determine) to be stronger, I take part in many physical activities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.选词填空
用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项)
make sense tell the difference make a difference cut off cut out now and then put stress on
29.My doctor told me that I needed to fried food in order to be healthy.
30.The language course the importance of oral communication.
31.This sentence doesn’t —there’s no verb in it.
32.Based on the data collected, the latest technology does to the protection of the Amazon rainforest.
33.Wendy sat by the window, looking out to see if they came.
5. 完成句子
34. (文章越积极) an article is on the Internet, the more likely it is to be shared. (positive) (根据中英文提示填空)
35. (即使我很多年没有见过我的同学) my classmate for many years, I recognized him immediately.(even if) (根据中英文提示填空)
36. he was faced with so many difficulties,he would never give in.
尽管面对如此多的困难,他永不屈服。
37.为了安慰他妈妈,Joshua装作没有受伤。
To comfort his mother, Joshua injured.
38.能在这里和大家分享我对在高中应该学什么的看法, 我感到非常荣幸。
to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high.
6. 翻译
39.只有当我们言行一致时,我们才能在我们希望完成的事情上有所作为。(only倒装句)(汉译英)
40.无论什么情况都决不能饶恕那些企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的人,毕竟学习无捷径。(Never)
41.教材原句:I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. (even though引导让步状语从句)
仿写: 我们尽管输了比赛,也不必气馁,因为我们已经尽力了。
42.与过去相比, 我现在变得对生活更积极乐观了。(汉译英)
43.我决心改变这种情况并定期锻炼。(汉译英)
参考答案:
1.is stressed##is emphasized
【详解】考查动词。句意:有人强调那些在网上交朋友的人应该避免上当受骗。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“强调”应用 stress或者emphasize,为动词,而这里考查it is stressed that或者it is emphasized that,表“有人强调”,为固定句型,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,时态用一般现在时表客观情况。故填is stressed或is emphasized。
2.determination
【详解】考查名词。句意:她脸上有一种强烈的决心。表示“决心”应用名词determination,作介词of的宾语。故填determination。
3.injuries
【详解】考查名词。句意:贝拉在事故中腿部严重受伤。空处作宾语,名词injury受伤,为可数名词,不止一处伤,用复数形式。故填injuries。
4.pressure##stress
【详解】考查名词。句意:他承受着一生中最大的压力,需要发挥自己的才能。根据汉语提示可知,此处用不可数名词pressure/stress作宾语,答案为pressure/stress。
5.compete
【详解】考查动词。句意:他一直对他的女儿们很严格,严格训练她们,让她们之间相互竞争。根据汉语提示应用动词compete,且此处to为不定式符号,应填原形。故填compete。
6.strengths
【详解】句意:这个运动员的强项之一是跳高。结合所给汉语可知答案为strengths。
7.positive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:凯特总是对一切都很乐观,即使事情最糟的时候。空处作作表语,根据汉语提示,形容词positive符合题意,be positive about“对……乐观”是固定搭配。故填positive。
8.injured##njured
【详解】考查动词。句意:他脸上的表情表明你刚才说的话伤害了他的自尊心。had后接过去分词,构成过去完成时。根据句意和首字母可知,空处填过去分词injured。故填injured。
9.pretend
【详解】考查动词。句意:不要假装很努力,结果不会跟你闹着玩的。根据汉语提示可知应用动词pretend,且为否定祈使句,应填原形。故填pretend。
10.honor##honour
【详解】考查名词。句意:虽然他们死了,但他们为我们的国家赢得了荣耀和荣誉。根据汉语提示可知,名词honor/honour符合题意,和glory一起并列作宾语,抽象概念,不可数。故填honor/honour。
11. positive negative 12. stress stressed 13. failure failed 14. competition competitor competitive competitively 15. pretension pretentious pretentiously 16. millionaire millionairess million 17. cheater traitor 18.positively 19. slim slimly 20. diet dietician dietary dietarily
【解析】11.“积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的”positive,形容词,其形容词形式“消极的;负面的”为negative。故答案为①positive,②negative。
12.“n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安”stress,名词或动词,其形容词形式“压力大的;紧张的”为stressed。故答案为①stress,②stressed。
13.fail“失败;不及格”,动词,其名词形式“失败;失败的人”为failure,其形容词形式“失败的;有故障的”为failed。故答案为①failure,②failed。
14.compete“竞争;对抗”,动词,其名词形式“竞争”为competition,其名词形式“竞争者”为competitor,其形容词形式“有竞争力的”为competitive,其副词形式“竞争性地”为competitively。故答案为①competition,②competitor,③competitive,④competitively。
15.pretend“假装;自诩;自称”,动词,其名词形式“自命不凡;声称”为pretension,其形容词形式“自命不凡的”为pretentious,其副词形式“狂妄自大地”为pretentiously。故答案为①pretension,②pretentious,③pretentiously。
16.million“百万”,名词,其名词形式“百万富翁”为millionaire,其名词形式“百万富婆”为millionairess,其形容词形式“许多的;无数的”为million。故答案为①millionaire,②millionairess,③million。
17.cheat“欺骗;作弊”,动词,其名词形式“骗子”为cheater,名词形式“骗子;背叛者”为traitor。故答案为①cheater,②traitor。
18.positive“ 积极的”,形容词,其副词形式“积极地”为positively。故答案为positively。
19.slimness“苗条”,名词,其形容词形式“苗条的”为slim,其副词形式“苗条地”为slimly。故答案为①slim,②slimly。
20.diet“节食”,动词,其名词形式“日常饮食;规定饮食”为diet,其名词形式“饮食学家”为dietician,其形容词形式“饮食的”为dietary,其副词形式“饮食地”为dietarily。故答案为①diet,②dietician,③dietary,④dietarily。
21.strengths
【详解】考查名词。句意:这种机器有优点也有缺点。空格处用名词作宾语,strong的名词是strength,意为“优点”,由weaknesses可知,空格处用复数strengths,故填strengths。
22.a
【详解】考查冠词。句意:可能性是无限的,我相信你有能力为你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家带来改变。make a difference“有影响,起作用”,固定短语,故填a。
23.Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与那些总是抱怨的人相比,对生活持积极态度的人会活得更久。本句谓语为will live,此处为非谓语动词,动词compare“比较”和逻辑主语people之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Compared。
24.to have forgotten
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:他不愿意参加聚会,所以他假装忘记了聚会的日期。根据空格前的pretended可知,此处用固定句式pretend to do sth表示“假装作某事”,再分析句意可知,forget这个动作已经发生,所以用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have forgotten。
25.of
【详解】考查介词。句意:尽管说话人的口音很重,亨利还是能听懂他讲的故事,而汤姆却完全听不懂。结合“catch on to his story”可知,此处用动词短语make sense of表示“理解,弄懂”。故填of。
26. in against##with for
【详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意:在奥运会上,他们与澳大利亚选手一起参加了800米赛跑,争夺金牌。根据后文“the 800 metres race”可推知,这里应是“compete in…”,意为“参加比赛,在某一方面竞争”。因此空①填“in”。根据后文“Australian competitors”可推知,这里应是“compete against/with sb.”,意为“与某人竞争/比赛”,因此空②填“against/with”。根据后文“the gold medal”可推知,这里应是“compete for…”,意为“为争夺某物而竞争”,因此空③填“for”。故答案为:①in;②against/with;③for。
27. were injured injury##injuries injured
【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意:昨天下午十字路口发生了一起可怕的交通事故。一些乘客腿部受伤,还有一些乘客头部严重受伤。伤者立即被送往附近的医院。第一空表示“受伤”应用be injured,且发生在过去,主语为legs,谓语用复数;第二空作动词的宾语,应用名词injury,可用单数,可用复数;第三空为the+形容词,表示一类人,故填①were injured;②injury/injuries;③injured。
28.Determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我决心变得更强壮,于是我参加了许多体育活动。be determined to do意为“决定做某事”,此处应用形容词determined表示“下定决心的”作状语。句首首字母应大写。故填Determined。
29.cut out 30.puts stress on 31.make sense 32.make a difference 33.now and then
【解析】29.考查固定短语和不定式。句意:我的医生告诉我,为了保持健康,我需要少吃油炸食品。根据下文in order to be healthy (为了保持健康)可知,该空处意思为“(尤因有害健康而)停止做某事,戒除某事物”,故用固定短语cut out,位于不定式符号to后,用动词原形。故填cut out。
30.考查固定短语、时态。句意:语言课程强调口语交际的重要性。根据下文the importance of oral communication (口语交际的重要性)可知,该空处意思为“强调”,故用固定短语put stress on,本句描述客观事实,需用一般现在时,主语是The language course,是单数主语,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填puts stress on。
31.考查固定短语。句意:这个句子没有意义,里面没有动词。根据下文there’s no verb in it (里面没有动词)可知,该空处意思为“有意义”,故用固定短语make sense,位于助动词doesn’t之后,用动词原形。故填make sense。
32.考查固定短语。句意:根据收集到的数据,最新技术确实对亚马逊雨林的保护产生了影响。根据下文to the protection of the Amazon rainforest (对亚马逊雨林的保护)可知,该空处意思为“起作用;有影响”,故用固定短语make a difference,位于助动词does之后,用动词原形,起到强调谓语动词的作用。故填make a difference。
33.考查固定短语。句意:温迪坐在窗边,不时地向外看,看看他们是否来了。根据下文to see if they came (看看他们是否来了)可知,该空处意思为“时而”,故用副词短语now and then做状语。故填now and then。
34. The more positive
【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意:网上的文章越积极,越可能被分享。根据中英文提示可知,此处使用短语“越……越……”,表达为:the +比较级...the+比较级...,“积极”用形容词positive,比较级为more positive。故填The more positive。
35. Even if I hadn't seen
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:即使我很多年没有见过我的同学,我仍然立刻就认出了他。根据所给中英文提示可知,此处应用even if“即使”引导让步状语从句,且根据后文的recognized为过去时可知,“我很多年没见过我的同学”这一动作发生在recognized之前,故应用过去完成时,故填Even if I hadn't seen。
36.Even though/if
【详解】考查状语从句。引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”应用even though或even if,首字母大写。故填Even though/if。
37. pretended not to be
【详解】考查pretend相关的用法。分析句子可知,本句为一般过去时,主语为Joshua,谓语为pretend,其用法为pretend not to do sth(假装不做某事)。故填(1). pretended (2). not (3). to (4). be。
38.It is an honour for me to come here/It is my honour to come here/I feel/am honoured to come here
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“……荣幸”句型为it be an honour for sb. to do sth.或it be one’s honour to do sth.或sb. feel/be honoured to do sth.;表示“来到这里”应用come here。此处应用一般现在时。首字母大写。故填It is an honour for me to come here/It is my honour to come here/I feel/am honoured to come here。
39.Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
【详解】考查名词,动词和倒装句。“只有”用only表示,“当我们言行一致时”用when引导的时间状语从句表示,“我们”用人称代词we作主语,“言行一致”用短语match our words with actions表示,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主句“我们才能在我们希望完成的事情上有所作为”表示为we can make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish,make a difference表示“有所作为”,in“在……方面”,whatever引导宾语从句,hope to accomplish表示“希望完成”,当only+状语从句位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,即把助动词,be动词或情态动词放在主语之前,故主句表示为can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish。故译为Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
40.Never can those who attempt/intend to cheat in academic research(es) be spared/excused/ forgiven/pardoned in any case/in all cases/whatever happens/no matter what happens, and, after all, there are no shortcuts to study/learning.
【详解】考查倒装句、定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句。根据句意,该句描述的为客观事实,所以此处使用一般现在时,表示“那些人”应为those,表示“企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的”应为定语从句修饰先行词those,在从句中作主语,所以使用who引导定语从句,表示“企图做某事”应为attempt/intend to do sth.,表示“在学术研究中弄虚作假”应为cheat in academic research(es),所以定语从句应译为who attempt/intend to cheat in academic research(es),表示“决不能”应为never位于句首,句子使用倒装句,表示“能”应为can,并将其置于主语之前,表示“饶恕”可以为spare/excuse/ forgive/pardon,与主语those之间为被动关系,所以谓语动词应为含有情态动词的被动语态,表示“任何情况下”应为in any case / in all cases / whatever happens / no matter what happens,所以前半句译为Never can those who attempt/intend to cheat in academic research(es) be spared/excused/ forgiven/pardoned in any case/in all cases/whatever happens/no matter what happens,表示“毕竟学习无捷径”应与“无论什么情况都决不能饶恕那些企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的人”为并列关系,所以此处使用and连接两个句子,表示“毕竟”应为after all,表示“学习没有捷径”应为there are no shortcuts to study/learning。故翻译为Never can those who attempt/intend to cheat in academic research(es) be spared/excused/ forgiven/pardoned in any case/in all cases/whatever happens/no matter what happens, and, after all, there are no shortcuts to study/learning.
41.Even though we lost the game, it was unnecessary for us to be discouraged because we had tried our best.
【详解】考查让步状语从句和原因状语从句。“我们尽管输了比赛”是让步状语从句,结合仿写句提示,用从属连词even though引导该状语从句,从句主语“我们”用人称代词we,谓语“输”用动词lose,讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态lost,宾语“比赛”用the game;“也不必气馁”是主句,可用固定句型it be unnecessary for us. to do...,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语,讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态,系动词用was,“气馁”可用be discouraged表示,构成不定式短语作主语to be discouraged;“因为我们已经尽力了”是原因状语从句,用从属连词because引导,主语“我们”we,谓语“尽力”用动词短语try our best,发生在“输了比赛”之前,描述过去的过去发生的事情用过去完成时态。综上,全句译为:Even though we lost the game, it was unnecessary for us to be discouraged because we had tried our best.
42.Compared to the past, I now become more positive about life.
【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。这里时态应用一般现在时表现在情况。表示“我现在变得对生活更积极乐观了”应用I now become more positive about life,其中more positive about life(对生活更积极乐观)为形容词短语作表语;表示“与过去相比”应用compared to the past,为过去分词短语作状语,其中compare...to表“与……比较”,为固定搭配。故翻译为Compared to the past, I now become more positive about life.
43.I determined to change this situation and took regular exercise.
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。主语为I;表示“决心做某事”短语为determine to do sth.;表示“改变这种情况”为change this situation;表示“定期锻炼”短语为take regular exercise,and连接并列谓语,发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为I determined to change this situation and took regular exercise.