Unit 4 Natural Disasters重难点 导学案(含解析)2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册期末重难点复习攻略(人教版)

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名称 Unit 4 Natural Disasters重难点 导学案(含解析)2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册期末重难点复习攻略(人教版)
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人教版必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Vocabulary——重难点
Rescue team is trying to reach the trapped miners .一只救援队正在努力接近被困的矿工。
rescue n.&vt. 营救;救援 rescuer n. 救援者常用搭配: come to the / one ’ s rescue 搭救某人;救助某人 rescue ... from .…从…中拯救………
单句语法填空
1.He was about to give up when they came his rescue. (用适当的词填空)
2.The sisters were treated as local heroes after (rescue) a two-year-old boy from drowning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people the roof of the burning building. (用适当的词填空)
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
(1) lie/be in ruins     成为废墟bring. . . to ruin 使……毁灭; 使……没落 fall into ruins 成为废墟;破败不堪 (2) ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/声誉/前途
单句语法填空
4.The strong earthquake left the city in (ruin) merely in several seconds. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.It rained for one week on end, completely (ruin) our holidays. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.Drunk driving not only ruined (he) but also killed several passers by. (所给词的适当形式填空)
完成句子
7.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake and it made us awake all night. The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, . (定语从句)
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, . (非谓语动词作状语)
People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.
人们都很震惊——然后,那天下午晚些时候,唐山又发生了一次大地震。
shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊     (1) be a shock to..使……吃惊 (2) shocked adj. 震惊的;惊讶的 be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊 (3) shocking adj. 令人震惊的
单句语法填空。
8.We are (shock) that so many people were injured or died in the Wenchuan earthquake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.The news of his sudden death is so that everyone is very much shocked at it.(shock) (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.It was a story, and we all got (shock). (所给词的适当形式填空)
完成句子
11.They how the children had been treated.
孩子们受到的对待令他们深感震惊。
12.The news of Stephen Hawking’s death shocked the whole world greatly. (句型转换)→The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came the whole world.
suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等) 受苦
What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need
你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助?
(1) suffer from       患……病;因……而受苦suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻 (2) suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦 (3) suffering n. 苦难,痛苦 sufferer n. 受难者
单句语法填空
13.With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering unusually hot weather. (用适当的词填空)
14.The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (suffer) during the war. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.To our delight, the (suffer) has decided to give up smoking.(所给词的适当形式填空)
翻译句子
16.由于那次事故,该公司遭受了重大损失。(汉译英)
17.尽管饱受许多困难之苦,但他从不屈服。(汉译英)
survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过
例句:(教材P52) She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
她在喂在地震中幸存的婴儿。
(1) A survive B (by)...  A比B活得长……survive on 依靠……生存下来 survive from 从……存活下来,流传下来 (2) survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存;[C]残存物
单句语法填空
18.The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived the fish caught in the sea. (用适当的词填空)
19.Some strange customs have survived earlier times. (用适当的词填空)
20.The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers ten years. (用适当的词填空)
21.Jim was a (survive) of the accident, but he lost his left leg. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22.The (survive) of the boy is uncertain; he is badly hurt and may die. (所给词的适当形式填空)
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.
(1) too+adj. /adv. (for sb. ) +to do sth. 表示否定的意义, 意思是“(对某人来说)太……而不能……”。(2) 当too. . . to. . . 用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时, 不定式表示肯定意义。 (3) can’t / can never. . . too. . . 再怎么……也不过分。
完成句子
23.这本书太难了,孩子们读不懂. (too...to...)
This book is .
24.It has been proved that if you are exposed to the sun too much, it will do harm to your skin.
It has been proved that the sun too much will do harm to your skin.
25.I hate it when she calls me at work — I’m always too busy to (和她继续聊天). (根据汉语提示补全句子)
根据汉语提示补全句子
26.首先,我太紧张,白天不能全神贯注于学习,晚上也睡不好。(too...to...) (汉译英)
27.这个问题对于我来说太难了而不能解决。(too…to) (汉译英)
28.这个案例太复杂,一时半会解释不清楚。(too…to…) (汉译英)
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
[解释] 这是一个由as if 引导的表语从句。
as if 引导的表语从句(1) 如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的, 从句谓语用陈述语气。 (2) 如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的, 从句谓语用虚拟语气。 与现在事实相反: did/were 与过去事实相反: had done 与将来事实相反: would/could. . . + do (3) 如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同, 且含有be动词, 可省略从句主语和be动词。
29.When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it (break).(所给词的适当形式填空)
30.When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he (scold) by someone else. (所给词的适当形式填空)
31.He opened his mouth as if (say) something. (所给词的适当形式填空)
32.(普通表达) The teacher walked here and there on the playground as if he was looking for something. (句式升级)
(高级表达) The teacher walked here and there on the playground as if . (省略)
参考答案:
1.to
【详解】考查介词。句意:他们来救他时,他正要放弃。come to one’s rescue是固定短语,意为“来营救某人”。故填to。
2.rescuing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在救了一名两岁男孩免于溺水之后,这对姐妹被当作当地的英雄对待。rescue(营救,援救)作介词after的宾语,应用动名词形式rescuing。故填rescuing。
3.from
【详解】考查介词。句意:直升机从燃烧的建筑物顶部救出了近20人。rescue sb. from固定搭配,意为“从……救出某人”,故填from。
4.ruins
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:这场强烈地震在几秒钟内就把这座城市变成了废墟。in ruins意为“一片废墟”,为固定搭配。故填ruins。
5.ruining
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:连续下了一个星期的雨,把我们的假期彻底毁了。动词ruin意为“摧毁”,和谓语之间没有连词,和句子构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填ruining。
6.himself
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:酒后驾驶不仅毁了他自己,还杀死了几个路人。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“ruin oneself”,意为“毁掉自己,自取灭亡”,故空格处应用“he”对应的反身代词“himself”。故填himself。
7. which made us stay awake all night making us stay awake all night
【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词作状语。定语从句版本解析:“这让我们彻夜未眠”可处理为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,关系词将整件事情代入定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which引导该从句,谓语“让”用使役动词make,讲述过去事情用一般过去时态made,宾语“我们”用宾格代词us,“彻夜未眠”作宾语补足语,用动词短语stay awake all night表示,用原形作使役动词make后宾语补足语,译为which made us stay awake all night;非谓语动词作状语版本解析:“这让我们彻夜未眠”可处理为非谓语动词作结果状语,动词make(让)与其逻辑主语“整个城市成了一片废墟”这件事情之间是主动关系,用现在分词表主动,宾语“我们”和宾语补足语“彻夜未眠”与前面解析一致,译为making us stay awake all night。故填①which made us stay awake all night;②making us stay awake all night。
8.shocked
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们对在汶川地震中有这么多人受伤或死亡感到震惊。分析句子,设空处使用shock的形容词shocked作表语,意为“感到震惊的”。故填shocked。
9.shocking
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他突然去世的消息令人震惊,每个人都对此感到非常震惊。空处作表语,表示事物的特征,意为“令人震惊的”,形容词shocking符合题意。故填shocking。
10. shocking shocked
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这是一个令人震惊的故事,我们都很震惊。分析可知,空①应是形容词作定语,修饰空后名词“story”,应是-ing形式结尾的形容词,因此空①应是shocking。“got”在句中意为“(使)进入(某种状态);变得”,因此空②为形容词作表语,结合主语“we”可知,应是-ed形式结尾的形容词,因此空②为shocked。故填①shocking;②shocked。
11.were shocked at
【详解】考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。“深感震惊”用固定短语be shocked at表示,结合句意和从句时态可知,描述过去的状态用一般过去时态,且主语They是复数代词,系动词用复数形式were。故填were shocked at。
12.as a great shock to
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:霍金去世的消息对整个世界造成了极大的震惊。come as a shock to为固定短语,表示“令……震惊的是……”,as a great shock是名词短语作表语,故填as a great shock to。
13.from
【详解】考查介词。句意:由于一年多没有下雨,这座城市正遭受着异常炎热的天气。分析句子结构可知,此处应为固定短语suffer from意为“遭受”符合句意。故填from。
14.sufferings
【详解】考查名词。句意:据说那位老人在战争期间遭受了种种苦难。作介词的宾语,且由varieties of 修饰应用复数形式。故填sufferings。
15.sufferer
【详解】考查名词。句意:令我们高兴的是,这个患者已经决定戒烟了。根据提示词可知,此处用可数名词sufferer做主语表示“患者”,结合助动词has可知,主语是单数名词。故填sufferer。
16.Because of that accident, the company suffered heavy losses.
【详解】考查介词短语、时态和名词。“由于那次事故”是原因状语,可以用介词短语because of that accident表示,置于句首,首字母大写;主语“该公司”用名词短语the company表示;谓语“遭受”用动词suffer,描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态,动词使用过去式suffered;宾语“重大损失”用名词短语heavy losses表示。故翻译为:Because of that accident, the company suffered heavy losses.
17.Although he suffered from many difficulties, he never gave in.
【详解】考查让步状语从句和短语。根据句意可知,本句时态可用一般过去时来表示过去的动作和状态;表示“尽管”可用连词although来引导让步状语从句;从句中表示“饱受”可用短语suffer from,且用动词的过去式形式;表示“许多苦难”可用短语many difficulties;主句中表示“从不”可用否定副词never;表示“屈服”可用短语give in且用动词的过去式形式。故答案为Although he suffered from many difficulties, he never gave in.
18.on
【详解】考查短语。句意:被困在这个孤独的岛屿上的旅行者靠在海里抓的鱼为生。短语survive on意为以...为生。故填on。
19.from
【详解】考查介词。句意:一些奇怪的习俗从早期流传下来。这里考查survive from 表“从……存活下来”,为固定搭配。故填from。
20.by
【详解】考查介词。句意:这位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹都多活了十年。根据句意可知,空处填介词by“相差(用于表示变化或差异的程度)”。故填by。
21.survivor
【详解】考查名词。句意:吉姆是事故的幸存者,但他失去了左腿。根据句子结构和语境,此处应填入survive的名词形式作表语,结合空前冠词a可知为名词单数,故填survivor。
22.survival
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个男孩能否活下来还不确定;他伤得很重,可能会死。提示词作主语,用名词survival,意为“存活,幸存”,不可数名词。故填survival。
23.too difficult for children to read
【详解】考查too...to...相关用法。too.... to...意为“太……而不能……”,其中too为副词,修饰形容词或其他副词,to为不定式符号。不定式的逻辑主语有时是句子的主语,有时不是;若不是,不定式的逻辑主语通常由for引出。本句中不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语而是”孩子们”,因此填too difficult for children to read。故填too difficult for children to read 。
24. being exposed to
【详解】考查动名词。句意:据证明,过度暴露在阳光中对你的皮肤有害。be exposed to…“暴露在……”,空格处及空后的the sun too much作主语从句中的主语,故填being exposed to。
25.carry on a conversation with her
【详解】考查动词不定式,名词和介词。句意:我讨厌她在工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙而没有时间和她继续聊天。表示“太……而不能”应用固定句型too +adj. to do,故空处需填动词原形,“继续”用carry on表示,表示“和某人聊天”应用a conversation with sb,表示“她”应用her。故填carry on a conversation with her。
26.First of all, I am too nervous to focus on my studies in the daytime and can’t sleep well at night.
【详解】考查固定搭配。“首先”可表示为first of all;“太……不能……”可表示为too...to do...结构,不定式作结果状语;“紧张”可表示为nervous;“白天”可表示为in the daytime;“全神贯注于”可表示为focus on;“学习”可表示为study;“晚上”可表示为at night;“睡不好”可表示为can’t sleep well。故本句可翻译为:First of all, I am too nervous to focus on my studies in the daytime and can’t sleep well at night.
27.The problem is too difficult for me to solve.
【详解】考查固定句型、形容词和动词。根据句意,表示“这个问题”应为the problem,表示“太难了”应为too difficult作表语,谓语动词应为系动词,结合句意,该句描述的为客观事实,所以使用一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,所以使用is,表示“对我来说”应为 for me,表示“解决”应为solve,根据提示与句意,此处为“too...to do...”结构,所以使用不定式形式to solve,此处为不定式作状语修饰形容词difficult,与主语为动宾关系,使用主动形式表示被动意义。故翻译为The problem is too difficult for me to solve.
28.This case is too complex/complicated to interpret/explain in (such) a short time/in a couple of minutes.
【详解】考查固定句型和形容词。根据句意,该句应使用“too…to…”结构,意为“太……而不能……”,表示“这个案例”应为the case作主语,位于句首,首字母需大写,表示“太复杂”应为too complex或者too complicated作表语,谓语动词应为be,结合句意可知,此处表示客观事实,所以使用一般现在时,be动词为is,表示“一时半会解释不清楚”可转述为“在短时间内不能解释清楚”,表示“解释”应为interpret或者explain,在该句中应使用不定式形式作结果状语,表示“在短时间内”应为in (such) a short time或者是in a couple of minutes。故翻译为This case is too complex/complicated to interpret/explain in (such) a short time/in a couple of minutes。
29.were broken
【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意:当铅笔部分放入水中时,看起来好像折了。it和break之间是动宾关系,这里应用被动语态。as if引导的让步状语从句中常用虚拟语气,这里表示与现在情况相反,谓语用过去式,be动词使用were。故填were broken。
30.was scolded
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:当他在街角看到他妈妈时,这个男孩伤心地哭了,好像被其他人责骂了。scold(责骂,训斥)是as if引导的方式状语从句中谓语动词,与主语he之间是被动关系,结合句意和主句时态可知,讲述过去的事情应用一般过去时,且主语he是第三人称单数代词,所以谓语也用单数形式。故填was scolded。
31.to say
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:他张开嘴好像要说什么。as if to do为固定句型,表示“好像要做什么”,“as if to do”为方式状语从句“as if +与主语一致的主语+将来时”的省略,此处是as if he was to say something的省略。故填to say。
32.looking for something
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:老师在操场上走来走去,好像在找什么东西。在when, while, if, as if, though (或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。原句中“as if he was looking for something”是方式状语从句,其主语he和主句主语The teacher一致,且从句中包含be动词was,符合状语从句省略条件,可进行句式升级,省略he was后,保留其它部分looking for something。故填looking for something。