人教版必修—Unit 4Natural Disater重难点考点学习检测
1.单词拼写
1.Humans and non-native animals have caused much d to the environment on the island. (根据首字母单词拼写)
2.In 1938 a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to a people who were escaping from the Nazis. (根据首字母单词拼写)
3.Taking time to unwind from stressful events can (对……产生深远影响) both physical and mental health. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
4.What (使惊讶) us was that John finally passed the exam, he never studied hard. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
5.Graduation represents moving from the (为……提供避难所,保护) life of high school into the real world. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
6.Left alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to (存活) by himself. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
7.Last week A building was (袭击) by thunderstorm and luckily no one was killed.
8.She (掩埋) her face in her hands and wept.
9.Luckily for the people trapped in the fire, many firefighters came to their (营救,救援)in time.
10.After the war, many buildings were in (废墟).
词性转换
词性转换
11. vt. 摧毁, 毁灭— n. 破坏者; 毁灭者— n. 摧毁— adj. 引起破坏的
12.— vt. 使震惊n. 震惊, 令人震惊的事物; 休克— adj. 令人震惊的; 令人气愤的— adj. 震惊的; 愤慨的
13.— adj. 用电的, 电的— n. 电, 电能
14.breath n. 呼吸的空气— vt. & vi. 呼吸— adj. 气喘吁吁的
15.— n. 努力; 艰难的尝试, 尽力— adj. 不需费力的, 容易的
16.— vi. 受苦; vt. 遭受— n. 受苦者— n. 疼痛; 痛苦
2.语法填空
17.In the adventure camp, we’ll learn (survive) skill. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
18.The speech (deliver) by the president last week was inspiring.(所给词的适当形式填空)
19.His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh' s mental illness may have (affect) his sense of sight.
20.A group of scientists study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. (用适当的词填空)
21.In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. (用适当的词填空)
3.选词填空
选词填空
stay calm take effect with the aid of come to power deliver a speech wave goodbye to in length
22.These changes in the policy will at the start of next year.
23.When facing difficulties and challenges I always and get ready to overcome them.
24.The top ten competitors will be required to on a given topic.
25.They each other, not knowing that they would never meet again.
26. a compass, the traveler can find his bearings (方位) in the forest.
4.完成句子
27.在一场100千米地马拉松越野赛中,21人遭遇意外,被确认死亡,这让我们非常震惊。
to us that 21 people had accidents and were confirmed dead during a 100-km cross-country mountain marathon race.
28.Her daughter is impatiently to imply it’s time to go.
女儿不耐烦地跺脚,暗示该走了。
29.许多向我们这样的公司苦于缺乏熟练的员工。
Many companies like us are a shortage of skilled staff.
30.The man has left for New York. You borrowed the camera from him. (改写定语从句)
31.尽管面临着许多挑战,但我没有放弃,而是尽全力实现我的梦想。
Though faced with many challenges, I didn’t give up but .
5.翻译
32.事实上,许多自然灾害与人类活动休戚相关。(relate)(汉译英)
33.不要在两餐之间吃东西以免影响胃口(appetite)
34.听起来好像有人在敲门。(汉译英)
35.我正要放弃, 这时我的父亲走过来鼓励我坚持下去。(汉译英)
36.救援人员正在废墟中搜寻幸存者, 这时另一场大地震发生了。(汉译英)
参考答案:
1.damage##amage
【详解】考查名词。句意:人类和外来动物对岛上的环境造成了很大的破坏。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词damage,作宾语,不可数。故填damage。
2.aid##id
【详解】考查动词。句意:1938年,一位朋友请温顿来布拉格帮助那些逃离纳粹的人。本空用动词aid“帮助”,位于不定式符号to后,用动词原形。故填aid。
3.affect##influence
【详解】考查短语。句意:花时间放松自己对我们的身心健康有着很大的影响。根据所给汉语提示可知,此处可用及物动词affect或influence“影响”作谓语,且空前有情态动词can,故此处应用动词原形,故填affect/influence。
4.astonished##surprised##amazed##shocked
【详解】考查动词。句意:使我们吃惊的是约翰终于通过了考试,他从不努力学习。分析句子结构可知,主语从句中缺少谓语动词。“使惊讶”用动词astonis/surprise/amaze/shock。根据句中时态可知,陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填astonished/surprised/amazed/shocked。
5.sheltered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:毕业代表着从受保护的高中生活走向现实世界。根据汉语提示可知,空格处应该用动词shelter的非谓语形式作定语,修饰后面的名词life,动词shelter和life之间是被动关系,所以应该用过去分词sheltered。故填sheltered。
6.survive
【详解】考查动词。句意:被单独留在大房子里,小男孩不得不学会自己生存。learn to do sth“学习做某事”为固定短语,后接动词survive。故填survive。
7.struck##stricken
【详解】考查动词。句意:上周一个建筑物被雷暴袭击,幸运地是没有人因此死亡。空处应填动词strike的某种形式和was构成谓语动词,主语building和strike是被动关系,故空处填过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态故填struck/stricken.
8.buried
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:她双手捂着脸哭了起来。 bury…into…意为“把…埋在…..”,根据句中的wept可知,本句的时态是一般过去时,故用buried。
9.rescue
【详解】考查名词。句意:幸运的是,许多消防队员及时赶来营救被困在火中的人们。营救:rescue。故填rescue。
10.ruins
【详解】考查名词。句意:战争过后,很多大楼成为废墟。ruin损害,伤害,复数形式表示废墟。故填ruins。
11. destroy destroyer destruction destructive 12. shock shocking shocked 13. electric electricity 14. breathe breathless 15. effort effortless 16. suffer sufferer suffering
【解析】11.“摧毁, 毁灭”的英文表达为“destroy”,根据词性可知为动词。其名词形式为destroyer“破坏者; 毁灭者”,另外一个名词形式为destruction“摧毁”,其形容词形式为destructive“引起破坏的”。故答案为①destroy②destroyer③destruction④destructive。
12.“使震惊,震惊,令人震惊的事物;休克”的英文表达为“shock”,根据词性可知为动词或名词。其形容词形式为shocking“令人震惊的; 令人气愤的”,其另外一个形容词形式为shocked“震惊的;愤慨的”。故答案为①shock②shocking③shocked。
13.“用电的,电的”的英文表达为“electric”,根据词性可知为形容词。其名词形式为electricity“ 电,电能”。故答案为①electric②electricity。
14.“呼吸的空气”的英文表达为breath,根据词性可知是名词。其动词形式为breathe“呼吸”,其形容词形式为breathless“气喘吁吁的”。故答案为①breathe②breathless。
15.“努力;艰难的尝试, 尽力”的英文表达为“effort”,根据词性可知名词。其形容词形式为effortless“不需费力的;容易的”。故答案为①effort②effortless。
16.“受苦;遭受”的英文表达为suffer,根据词性可知为动词。其名词形式为sufferer“受苦者”,另外一个名词形式为suffering“疼痛;痛苦”。故答案为①suffer②sufferer③suffering
17.survival
【详解】考查名词。句意:在探险营中,我们将学习生存技能。空处作定语,修饰名词“skill”;survival为名词,表示“生存”,可作定语,survival skill意为“生存技能”,符合句意。故填survival。
18.delivered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:总统上周发表的讲话鼓舞人心。deliver和speech之间是动宾关系,使用过去分词作后置定语,故填delivered。
19.affected
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:梵高对色彩的不寻常运用使专家们认为梵高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。may have done(对发生过的事情的推测),意为“可能干了某事”,应用过去分词affected。故填affected。
20.who##that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:一组研究动物行为的科学家发现,动物也会投票决定是否捕猎。空处引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词scientists在从句中作主语,需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
21.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在这篇文章中,我们将讨论一种特殊的安慰食物,它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的联想。定语从句修饰先行词comfort food,在从句作定语,应用whose。故填whose。
22.take effect 23.stay calm 24.deliver a speech 25.waved goodbye to 26.With the aid of
【解析】22.考查一般将来时。句意:这些政策变化将于明年年初生效。根据空格前的“这些政策变化”可知,此处指的是“生效”;take effect意为“生效”,空格处位于助动词will之后,所以用动词原形。故填take effect。
23.考查一般现在时。句意:当面对困难和挑战时,我总是保持冷静,准备克服它们。根据空格后的“准备克服它们”可知,此处指的是保持冷静;stay clam意为“保持冷静”,此处描述的是经常性习惯性的动作,所以用一般现在时。故填stay clam。
24.考查动词不定式。句意:前十名选手将被要求就一个给定的主题发表演讲。根据空格后的“给定的主题”,可知,此处指的是发表演讲;deliver a speech意为“发表演讲”;空格处位于动词不定式to之后,所以用动词原形。故填deliver a speech。
25.考查一般过去时。句意:他们彼此挥手告别,不知道他们再也不会见面了。根据空格后“not knowing that they would never meet again”可知,此处指的是挥手告别;wave goodbye to意为“挥手告别”,此处描述的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。故填waved goodbye to。
26.考查固定短语。句意:在指南针的帮助下,旅行者可以在森林中找到方向。根据空格后“the traveler can find his bearings (方位) in the forest”可知,此处指的是“在指南针的帮助”;with the aid of意为“在……帮助下”。故填With the aid of。
27.It came as a great shock
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“这让人很震惊”用句型it came/comes as a great shock,句型中it为形式主语,真正的主语为that从句。根据从句时态可知,用一般过去时。故填It came as a great shock。
28.stamping/tapping her feet
【详解】考查动词短语和现在进行时。表示“跺脚”应用动词短语stamp/tap one’s feet,根据主语her daughter可知,此处形容词性物主代词应用her表示“她的”。根据“Her daughter is”可知,此处应用现在进行时。故填stamping/tapping her feet。
29. suffering from
【详解】考查短语和时态。suffering from“遭受……”是固定搭配,且符合句意,suffer用现在分词和are构成现在进行时,陈述目前正在发生的事情。故填suffering from。
30.The man from whom you borrowed the camera has left for New York. ##The man whom you borrowed the camera from has left for New York.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你向他借照相机的那个人已经去纽约了。根据原句,可以用后面的句子作定语从句修饰The man,也就是him,是from的宾语,所以用关系代词whom指代先行词在从句中作宾语,也可以把介词from提到whom前,构成介词+关系代词的定语从句,故填The man from whom you borrowed the camera has left for New York. /The man whom you borrowed the camera from has left for New York.
31.spared no effort/made every effort to realize my dream
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“尽全力做某事”使用动词短语spare no effort或make every effort to do sth.,根据句中didn’t give up可知,句子使用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式,“实现我的梦想”为realize my dream。故填spared no effort/made every effort to realize my dream。
32.In fact, many natural disasters are closely related to human activities.
【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知,这里时态应用一般现在时,表示客观情况。表示“事实上”应用in fact,为介词短语,在本句中作状语;表示“许多自然灾害”应用many natural disasters,在本句中作主语;表示“与......休戚相关”应用be closely related to,其中be related to表“和…有关系”,为固定搭配;表示“人类活动”应用human activities,作介词后宾语。故翻译为In fact, many natural disasters are closely related to human activities.
33.Don’t eat anything between two meals, or it’ll affect your appetite.
【详解】考查固定句型。祈使句+and/or+陈述句为固定句型。表示“不要”应用祈使句,否定形式助动词用don't;表示“吃”应用eat;表示“任何东西”应用anything;表示“在两餐之间”应用between two meals;表示“否则”应用or;表示“影响胃口”应用 it’ll affect your appetite。故翻译为Don’t eat anything between two meals, or it’ll affect your appetite.
34.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
【详解】考查表语从句。本句话使用句型“It sounds as if…”,意为“听起来好像……”。sound为系动词“听起来”,as if引导表语从句,意为“好像”。“有人”可用代词someone,在从句中作主语。“敲门”可以翻译为“knock at the door”。从句中用现在进行时态,表示正在进行的动作。故翻译为It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
35.I was about to give up/I was on the point of giving up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据句意,该句应用固定句型be about to do sth/be on the point of doing sth when...表达,表示“正要做某事,这时突然……”;“我正要放弃”应用过去将来时,译为I was about to give up/I was on the point of giving up;when引导的并列句应用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作。“放弃”可译为give up,动词短语encourage sb to do表示“鼓励某人做某事”,故“鼓励我坚持下去”译为encourage me to keep going。故全句译为I was about to give up/I was on the point of giving up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going。
36.Rescue workers were searching for the survivors in the ruins when another big quake happened.
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据句意,该句可用固定句型be doing sth when...来表达,表示“正在做某事,这时突然……”,“救援人员正在废墟中搜寻幸存者”应用过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作,when引导的并列句用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作;“救援者”英文表达为rescue worker,“幸存者”英文表达为survivor,“搜寻”可译为search for,“在废墟中”译为in the ruins,“地震”译为quake。故全句译为Rescue workers were searching for the survivors in the ruins when another big quake happened。