【技巧指导】2025届高中英语阅读指导 课件（共38张）

(共38张PPT)
高考英语阅读理解技巧
做题技巧
考点：区分“大词”和“小词”：
阅读理解中常出现“大词”和“小词”，尤其体现在4个选项中，考生需区分何为“大词”和“小词”，方可区分“整体”和“部分”的概念，具体如下：
1. “大词”通常指单词的意义较抽象，代表的事物内涵大，不具体，如：important，“重要的”，这个词属于抽象性质；people，这个词指人，范围意义很广。由于大词意义抽象且不好把握，因此往往是考官用来出题的一个干扰点；
2. “小词”通常指单词的意义较具体，可细节化，如：apple“苹果”，reading“阅读”，可让人想到具体的事物和动作。
重点把握小词
做题技巧
考点：区分“positive”＆“negative”的词：
阅读理解中常出现positive和negative含义的词，掌握这类词的区别有助于考生从信息量大的句子或者文章中快速抓住主题意思，尤其是negative的词一定要引起重视，常为考点词，考试时可用符号“↓”表示：
1. 界定positive的词：所有正常发生或存在的名词、动词、形容词和副词，可以理解为含褒义和中性的词全部归为positive意义的词，如：eat / book / beautiful。
2. 界定negative的词：所有不正常发生或存在的名词、动词、形容词和副词，其中包括否定，不好的事物或状态。比如：risk / unimportant / criticize。
做题技巧
考点：长难句的分析
1. 英语的基本句子结构（简单句）：
简单句的五种基本句型分为：主谓，主谓宾，主谓双宾，主谓宾宾补、主系表。
2. 断开（拆分）长难句：
①找标点符号；常见的标点符号有逗号、冒号和分号。
②找连接词；
找到了连接词只能算是找到了从句的开始，核心是要找到从句的结束。从句一般结束于标点、下个连接词前或第二个谓语动词前。
找主干！！！
题型解读
一、细节理解题
主要考查考生准确把握文章具体信息的能力。
分类：一是直接理解题，二是间接理解题。
常见的提问方式：
According to the passage, where/when/why/how/who/what/which...
Which of the following is not mentioned
Which of the following statements is (not) true/correct
The author mentions all of the following except...
题型解读
一、细节理解题
（1）直接细节题
疑问词提问：What/When/Where/Who/Why/Which/How
正误提问：True/False/Not true/False/except/Not mentioned
原因提问：because (of), why, because,thanks to, contribute to, lead to, cause, result in, account for, so that, so...
比对法
排除法
注意题干提问原因还是结果
题型解读
一、细节理解题
（1）直接细节题
数字计算相关：when, in which year, how much/many
注意特殊词汇：
decade十年 fornight 两周 double 两倍
triple 三倍 couple 两个 score 二十
dozen 十二 off 减价 discount 折扣
题型解读
Cooking will usually kill bacteria if the temperature is high enough and the high temperature lasts long enough. Certain methods of cooking remove water, and this aids in preserving food. Drying is the oldest and most common method of preserving food. Food can be dried by the sun, by heat or by the combination of the two.
Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. All cooking methods can remove water. B. Drying is a useless way to kill bacteria.
C. The light in cooking can easily kill bacteria.
D. Cooking can kill bacteria in certain conditions.
D
题型解读
一、细节理解题
（2）间接细节题
难点：同义替换
近义词复现（crucial=important=significant=essential）
正话反说（not easy=difficult）
同源词替换（education，educate，educator）
简化复杂表达（I am fond of sports=I like sports）
题型解读
In contrast to familiar practices, the effective learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren't well known outside the lab. Take distributed practice for example. This strategy involves spreading out your study time, rather than engaging in one marathon. Cramming（塞满） information into your mind at the last minute may allow you to get through a test or a meeting, but the materials will quickly disappear from your memory. It's much more effective to look through the materials at intervals over time. And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it's two weeks or two years, the longer the interval should be.
The strategy of distributed practice shows that ______.
A. we should not study for long hours every day
B. reviewing what we have studied is of little help
C. the shorter the interval is, the better we'll study
D. learning by repetition at intervals is a better way to study
D
题型解读
二、词语理解题
主要考查考生通过上下文线索理解文中单词、短语或句子的能力。它的正确选项必然能够与所考查的单词、短语或句子进行替换，不能回到原文替换的就是干扰项。
这类题型常见的提问方式有：
The (underlined) word "..." in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to...
What does the (underlined) phrase "..." in Paragraph 1 mean
The sentence "..." can be best replaced by ...
题型解读
（1）定义法
文章的作者在行文中可能会用直接定义法或其他方法对某些词语进行解释，通常会用 mean，refer to，define，be considered as/to be，represent 等词（组）引出定义。有时也会利用标点符号，如括号、冒号、破折号等为一些词语直接提供定义或解释。
标点符号后面为答案所在
题型解读
Money is used for buying or selling goods, for measuring value and for storing wealth. Almost every society now has an economy based on money such as coins and bills of one kind or another. However, this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter was used, which was a system of direct exchange of goods. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example, for anything in the market place that he or she considered to be of equal value.
The underlined word "barter" means ______.
A. exchanging goods for money B. exchanging sheep for anything in the market
C. exchanging goods for goods D. exchanging money for goods
C
题型解读
（2）近义复述法
同一篇文章中前后两个单词、短语或句子之间通常会互相解释。这时，考生可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词、短语或句子相关的信息来猜测其含义。常用的方式有同位语复述、定语从句复述等。
常见结构：n.，a/an/the... n., which... （n.为猜测的单词）
题型解读
One of the leading figures in human life research, Aubrey de Grey, explains in an interview that their goal is to develop a set of therapies for middle-aged and older people that will leave them physically and mentally equivalent to someone under the age of 30. "Of course, without wiping their memories," he adds. But he doesn't think that it will be possible to stop aging altogether. He sees a future where "rejuvenation technologies" can be applied to old people in order to make their cells revert to （恢复） what they were like when the people were in their youth, buying them extra time. The idea is that someone who is treated at the age of 60 will biologically revert to 30 .
What does the underlined word "rejuvenation" possibly mean
A. Relating to cells. B. Relating to genes.
C. Becoming healthy. D. Becoming young.
D
题型解读
（3）对比转折法
有时文章的作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词（组）连接意思相反的两个单词、短语或句子，这时就可以根据信号词（组）猜测词义。
常见的表示对比或转折的信号词（组）有（whether)...or.unlike，but，yet，however，while，although，though，nerveless，instead (of)，rather than，in contrast (to)，on the contrary等。
题型解读
Most of the technology is available now, but The underlined word "available" in this paragraph convincing more people that they don't need to use paper to read a newspaper is the next step. But resistance to computer newspapers may be stronger from within journalism.
The underlined word "available" in this paragraph means ______.
A. in advancement
B. in progress
C. in use
D. in time
C
题型解读
（4）举例法
通过文章中所举例子猜测词义是常见方法。
常用词：for example, for instance, like, such as, that is to say, namely, e.g.等。
Note: 后面例子是分，前面观点是总，看例子定观点含义
题型解读
Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race First, Americans as a whole tend to
be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second language.
The word "provincial" in Para.3 most probably means"________."
A. limited in outlook B like people from the provinces
C. rigid in thinking D.interested in world financial affairs
A
题型解读
（5）指代对应法
有时候作者会用一些代词指代上下文提到的人或者事物。
常见代词有it, that, he, itself, these, those, they, them等。
Note: 一般往前后找指代，距离不远，并对指代的内容进行概括总结。
题型解读
Recent years many public schools in the world still teach mostly British English. But the number of students learning American English in private language schools is growing. In Hong Kong’s Tseung Kwan O district, for example, the “American English Workshop” school had 20 students a week than it opened one year ago. Today, it has more than 180 each week.
What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A. British English B. American English
C. The “American English Workshop” school D. Hong Kong
C
题型解读
三、推理判断题
推理判断题要求考生根据文章的内容作出合乎逻辑的推论。主要考查考生的逻辑推断能力、数字推理能力、语言分析能力、综合归纳能力等。
在做此类试题时，考生要把握以下三个原则：
①全面分析，切忌片面地考虑问题，得出片面的结论；
②不要选择表层信息答案，要通过已知信息推测未知结论；
③忠实于原文思想，不要主观臆断。
绝对选项一般不选
题型解读
三、推理判断题
干扰项特征：①对原文简单重述，并非推断结论
②出现绝对化词语：only, never, all, absolutely
Note:保守性词汇（正确）：often, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably
③常识判断正确，但不能从原文中推断出来
④主观臆断
题型解读
三、推理判断题
这类题型常见的提问方式有：
It can be inferred from the passage that...
The passage implies/suggests that...
What can we learn from the passage
What can be inferred from the passage
What might be discussed following the passage
题型解读
Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. Perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is better to face the weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.
It can be inferred from the paragraph that if a student isn't very academic, he______.
A. can find his weaknesses B. can get a new start in his work
C. will fail to look for a job D. should apologize to his parents
B
题型解读
四、观点态度题
观点态度题主要考查考生理解、领会作者或文中人物的观点、态度及情感倾向的能力。考生在阅读时要注意把握作者或文中人物的用词以及描述问题的角度、倾向，特别要留意文章中能表露作者或文中人物情感态度的词语或句子。
分类：主观或客观、肯定或否定、积极或消极。
关注文章中的动词和形容词
题型解读
常见的提问方式有：
What's the author's attitude to/towards...
What's the tone of the passage
The author's attitude to/towards...is
How does the author feel about...
局部态度
整体态度
局部态度
局部态度
注意区分是局部态度还是整体态度
题型解读
（1）表示积极、肯定态度的常见词。
positive 积极的，表示赞同的 enthusiastic 热情的
confident 自信的，肯定的 hopeful 抱有希望
supportive支持的 favorable肯定的，赞同的
defensive保护的，戒备的 concerned关切的，关注的
interested感兴趣的，关心的 optimistic乐观的
sympathetic赞同的，同情的 instructive富有教益的
题型解读
（2）表示消极、否定态度的常见词。
negative消极的，否定的 pessimistic悲观的 critical批评的，批判性
worried担心的 opposed强烈反对 suspicious怀疑的
doubtful怀疑 ironic讽刺的 skeptical怀疑的
hostile敌对的，坚决否定 disappointed失望的 biased有偏见的
confused迷惑的 indifferent漠不关心 unconcerned冷淡的，漠视的
ambiguous模棱两可的 depressed沮丧的 sensitive敏感的
题型解读
（3）表示客观、中立态度的常见词。
objective客观的，就事论事的 impartial公正的，不偏不倚的
unbiased不偏不倚的，无偏见的 neutral中立的，持平的
（4）“小墓碑”选项：
①不感兴趣类：uninterested、unconcerned、indifferent
②不知所措类：confused、puzzled
③主观偏激类：subjective、biased、prejudice、contemptuous
④容忍类：tolerant, indulgent
题型解读
For one woman executive or one woman judge, there are still countless typists and saleswomen who struggle through their day without any sense of victory. Besides, many of their braver sisters, who are daring to compete with men in higher fields, find that male opposition is still strong, and that society is still ready to explain a woman's success by reasons that have nothing to do with her intelligence. Still, the fact remains that women are now free to enter any career that attracts them; the situation has improved, and the tide is not likely to turn back.
What does the author feel about the women's situation
A. Suspicious. B. Pessimistic. C. Optimistic. D. Cold.
C
题型解读
五、主旨大意题
主旨大意题考查的内容主要包括主题思想、写作意图、段落大意和标题归纳。
常见提问方式：Which of the following is the main idea of the passage
What is the passage mainly about
What is the second paragraph mainly about
The best title for this passage would be...
The author’s purpose of writing this passage is .
全文主旨
全文主旨
局部主旨
全文主旨
全文主旨
注意区分是局部主旨还是全文主旨
题型解读
（1）主旨大意题正确选项的特征
①涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段，且涵盖范围恰当。
②精确性强，不会改变文章语言表意的程度及感彩。
如何寻找：（1）段落中出现表示转折的词语，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句。
（2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
（3）作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
（4）表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词语。
题型解读
（2）主旨大意题干扰项的特征
①过于笼统。所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章内容。
②以偏概全。所给选项只阐述了文章某一部分的内容，或以文章中的某个细节或个别词句作为选项设置内容。
③偷换概念。所给选项被命题者有意地把本属于A的内容放在B上。若不留神，极易选错答案。
④无中生有。所给选项的关键词虽然在文中被提到了，但选项内容与文章内容关系不大或毫无关系。
题型解读
Many people work and try to destroy cockroaches（蟑螂）, but as soon as they find one way of doing it, the cockroaches "learn" how to deal with it. Electricity does not always kill them and they can avoid most poisons or "learn" how to deal with others. At one time, scientists thought that radiation would kill them, but they have been on Earth for about 300 million years, and it does not harm them as much as it harms us.
What is mainly discussed in this paragraph
A. Cockroaches do not die. B. Cockroaches cannot be killed.
C. Radiation kills cockroaches. D. It is difficult to kill cockroaches.
D
答题方法
①答题时可参照出题顺序（一般第1题对应第1段，依此类推）；
②段落大意题一般重点看定位段落的第一句和最后一句，有必要时再扫读段落中间信息；
③文章大意题一般重点看文章第一段的前两句和最后两句，以及最后一段的最后两句（有必要时再扫读中间段落的首尾句）；
④推断题，一般需结合定位信息所在的段落（通常看该段的首句，有时尾句，若首尾句都不能起到作用，则看定位信息所在句子的前后两句）来判断；
答题方法
⑤事实细节题通常在确定好定位信息后即可直接得到答案，不需过多关注文章中的其他段落信息；
⑥在确定定位信息后，通过对应法可快速找出最佳答案，即将定位信息与选项中的核心词一一对应，优先对应名词，若定位信息中的名词与选项中核心名词不符（意义上），则一般可排除该选项；
⑦某些选项可直接在定位信息中找到相同的表达，极个别为了拉开考生距离而将原词换成了另一个近义词，这时可采取同义替换的方法与原文信息对应；
答题方法
⑧确定目标答案后，需再次检查问题题干中的考点词在逻辑或细节上是否与答案一致，例如，问题题干询问的是“为什么”，那么目标答案应为“原因”；
⑨主旨大意或标题选择题通常在最后一题，但不管在第几题，都放在最后答，因为做完其他细节题之后，其实就已经对该篇文章的主题有了大致了解，再结合文章的首尾两段，并且集中在首尾段中的首尾句，可进一步排除选项中不相干的主题，再结合段落中的信息，与选项中的核心词匹配，可得出答案。
【注意】此题雷区为：偏离主题型标题、以偏概全型标题、标题与体裁不符型标题、说法过于武断或绝对型标题、逻辑错误型标题，需排除这些类型的选项。