人教版八年级上册期末重点语法复习及拓展练习（无答案）

八年级上册期末重点语法复习及拓展练习
目录
一．复合不定代词................................................................................................... 2
二．频度副词......................................................................................................... 4
三．形容词/副词的比较级......................................................................................... 6
四．形容词/副词的最高级 ..........................................................................................7
五．动词不定式作宾语............................................................................................... 10
六．一般将来时............................................................................................................12
一．含be going to的一般将来时 ...........................................................................12
二．will的一般将来时 .................................................................................................14
七．可数名词与不可数名词....................................................................................... 17
八．祈使句....................................................................................................................20
九．情态动词................................................................................................................22
十．if引导的条件状语从句..............................................................................25
一．复合不定代词
复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等构成的不定代词。这些词在句中的作用相当于名词,可作主语、宾语、表语、补足语等。
1.常见的复合不定代词
some-类 any-类 no-类 every-类
-one someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 没有人 everyone每人;人人;所有人
-body somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everybody每人;人人;所有人
-thing something 某事;某物 anything 任何东西;任何事物 nothing没有什么;没有一件东西 everything所有事情;一切
2. 复合不定代词的用法
(1)含-body和-one的复合不定代词指人,可互换。含-thing的复合不定代词指物。
I can see playing basketball in the park. 我看见有人在公园打篮球。
is ready. 一切都准备好了。
(2)some-构成的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中;any-构成的复合不定代词多用于否定句或疑问句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于表示请求的疑问句中时,往往希望对方给予肯定的答复（通常以could,would开头）。而当any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示"任何"之意。
He found interesting. 他发现了些有趣的事情。
Do you have to say 你有话要说吗
Could you tell me about him 你可以告诉关于他的一些事吗
I didn’t have to do.我没有事情可做。
(3)复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
Is here today 今天大家都到了吗
is impossible to a willing mind.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
(4)复合不定代词的定语常后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。
Can you tell me _____________ 你能告诉我一些有趣的事情吗
拓展提升练习
1．As the saying goes “_________ is impossible if you put your heart in it.”
A．Something B．Anything C．Everything D．Nothing
2．Do you have ________ to eat
A．something delicious B．delicious something
C．anything delicious D．delicious anything
3．The students are very busy and tired with their homework. Sometimes they need to do ________.
A．something relaxing B．relaxing something
C．anything relaxing D．relaxing anything
4．E wants to keep healthy.
5．There isn’t (something) wrong with the bike. You can ride it now.
6．Everyone is here. N of them is out.
7．There isn’t a in the classroom. All the students are playing sports at the playground.
8．It was too dark in the museum, so we couldn’t see (something) inside.
9．Everyone (have) a desk drawer in my class.
10．I knocked at the door but (somebody) answered. Maybe they went to the concert.
二．频度副词
1）常见频度副词
频度副词按照频率从高到低排列，大致可以分为以下几类：
always (总是)/usually (通常)/often (经常)/sometimes (有时)/hardly ever (几乎不) / never (从不)
2）频度副词的位置
频度副词在句子中的位置相对灵活，但一般遵循以下规则：
1. 放在实义动词之前 ：当句子中有实义动词时，频度副词通常放在它之前。
例句 ：She often goes to the gym. 她经常去健身房。
2. 放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后 ：如果句子中有be动词、情态动词(如can, should, will等)或助动词(如have, do等)，频度副词则放在这些词之后。
例句 ：I always can finish my homework on time. 我总是能按时完成作业。
例句 ：He has never been to Paris. 他从未去过巴黎。
3). 对频度副词的提问
常用how often提问动作发生的频率。
— do you email your brother 你多久给你哥哥发一次电子邮件
—Sometimes./Twice a month. 有时候。/一个月两次。
4）sometime、sometimes、some time 和 some time(s) 的区别
①. Sometime (副词，无冠词)
含义：某个时候，指不特定的某个时间点，通常用于将来或过去。
例句：We will go to the beach sometime next week. 我们下周某个时候会去海边。
注意：不要与“some time”混淆，后者是名词短语。
②. Sometimes (副词)
含义：有时，表示动作或状态不是经常发生的，但偶尔会发生。
例句：Sometimes I walk to work. 我有时步行去上班。
③. Some time (名词短语)
含义：一段时间，指某段不确定但具体的时间长度。
例句：I need some time to think about it. 我需要一段时间来考虑一下。
注意：“some time”是名词短语，可以用作时间状语或宾语。
④. Some times (注意这里的“times”是复数)
含义：几次，表示动作或状态发生的次数是多次，但次数不确定。
例句：I have been to Japan some times. 我去过日本几次。
注意：“some times”中的“times”表示次数，与“some time”不同。
拓展提升练习
1．Mr. Wang always goes to work by subway. But ________ he goes to work by bus.
A．sometime B．sometimes C．some time D．some times
2．—Where shall we eat tonight
—Let’s call Harry. He ________ knows the best places (地方)to go.
A．only B．hardly C．never D．always
3．Lucy is a good student. She is ________ late for class.
A．always B．usually
C．sometimes D．never
4．Mr. Black is not healthy at all because he ________ exercises.
A．sometimes B．often C．never D．always
5．Mr. Green watches movies (two) a week.
6．My brother (usual) goes hiking on Sunday. Maybe it’s fun.
7．My parents climb mountains a month. (one)
8．My father u goes fishing on weekends.
9．My brother works hard, so he h ever plays computer games.
10．My friend a tells me some interesting things.试卷第1页，共3页
三．形容词/副词的比较级
1. 比较级的变化规则
变化规则 例词
一般情况下在词尾 tall→ long→
以e结尾的形容词或副词, late→ large→
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节形容词或副词, heavy→ easy→
重读闭音节的形容词或副词,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时, big→ thin→
多音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词,应在单词前加 slowly→ interesting→
有些形容词或副词 good→
2. 比较级的句式结构
(1)比较级+than
He is much __________ than his friend. 他比他朋友高得多。
She sings ____________ than him. 她唱得比他好。
(2)"比较级+and+比较级"或"more and more+形容词或副词原级",表示"越来越……"。
She is becoming . 她长得越来越漂亮。
(3)"the+比较级,the+比较级"表示"越……,越……"。
The , the . 越多越好。
(4)"the+比较级+of the two"表示"两者中比较……的"。
Bob is the of the two. 鲍勃是两个人中比较高的那个。
(5)"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B "表示"哪一个/谁更……,A还是B "。
Which book is , this one or that one 哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本
四．形容词/副词的最高级
　　最高级用于三者及以上的人或物之间的比较。句中常含有表示范围的in/of的短语。注意形容词最高级前必须加the,副词可加也可以不加。
1.最高级的变化规则
变化规则 例词
一般情况下在词尾加-est tall→ fast→
以e结尾的形容词或副词,在词尾加-st nice→ large→
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节形容词或副词,要把"y"变"i",再加-est heavy→ easy→
重读闭音节的形容词或副词,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-est fat→ thin→
多音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词,应在单词前加most outgoing→ interesting→
有些形容词或副词最高级的变化不规则 good→ bad→ little→ Many/much→
2. 最高级的句式结构
(1)"主语+be动词+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。
The Changjiang River is the river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。
(2)"主语+实义动词(+the)+副词最高级+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。
Dai Ming jumps (the) of all. 戴明是我们所有人中跳得最高的。
(3)"主语+be动词+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……之一"。
Selina is one of ___________________________ teachers in the school.
塞琳娜是学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
(4)"主语+be动词+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语"表示"在……中是第几……的……"。
The Yellow River is the river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
(5)"疑问词+be动词+the+形容词最高级,A、B or C "用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较。
Who is the , Tom, Bob or Alan Tom, Bob or Alan,谁最聪明
(6)"疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形(+the)+副词最高级,A、B or C "
Which city do you like , Beijing, Shanghai or Chengdu 你最喜欢哪个城市,北京、上海还是成都
比较级、最高级拓展提升练习
1．My father is a _________ cook in my big family than my mother.
A．good B．well C．better D．best
2．Tony is a little fat. I think he should eat ________ meat and exercise ________.
A．a little; more B．a little; much C．less; more D．more; less
3．Swimming and skating are both exciting. Which do you think is ________ to learn
A．difficult B．more difficult C．most difficult D．the most difficult
4．Tom is________, but Sam is much________.
A．tall; tall B．taller; taller C．taller; tall D．tall; taller
5．The ________ you study at your lessons, the ________ grades you will get.
A．hard; good B．harder; good C．harder; better
6．What’s ________ food in China
A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．most popular
7．Suining is one of ________ cities in China. More and more people come to visit it.
A．popular B．more popular C．most popular D．the most popular
8．Do you think the red T-shirt looks than the black one (pretty)
9．Which colour do you like (good), red or yellow
10．Jim is the (tall) boy in his class.
11．English is one of the subjects in our school. (important)
12．Mike is the (good) guy in our group.
13．Tomorrow we have to get up (early) than before because we need to arrive at the train station at 6:00 a.m.
14．Peter sings (badly) than John.
15．I think she dances (good) in our class.
16．Mary lives the from school, so she takes the underground. (far)
17．Eric plays tennis better than his brother, but their father plays the b .
18．Cindy does her homework as (careful) as Lucy.
19．She studies math as (good) as Jacob. They are the top students in our class.
20．My father is not so (friend) as my mother. He is more serious.
试卷第1页，共3页
五．动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式基本形式为"to+动词原形",其否定形式为"not+to+动词原形"。动词不定式是非谓语动词形式，没有人称和数的变化，它在句中可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、状语、定语等成分。本单元主要讲动词不定式作宾语的用法。
动词不定式作宾语，指的是在句子中，动词不定式(即“to+动词原形”的结构)作为一个宾语成分出现在动词或形容词后面。动词不定式作为宾语时，常常表示一种未完成的动作或状态，这个动作或状态是句中谓语动词所表达的动作的目的、原因或内容。
1. 后常接动词不定式作宾语的动词
(1)动词不定式常在动词 want(想要)、 wish(希望)、 hope(希望)、 decide(决定)、 promise(承诺)、 plan(计划)、expect(期待)、learn(学习)、ask(请求)、refuse(拒绝)、choose(选择)、agree(同意)等后作宾语。
I hope you soon. 我希望很快见到你。
I want ______________ French.我想学法语。
(2)否定形式
当需要表达否定意义时, 通常在动词前加“don't/ doesn't/ didn't”等否定词, 并将动词不定式保持不变。不定式的否定形式还可以为"not+to+动词原形"，但注意意思上的差异。
例句：
I _____________________ up late tomorrow. 我明天不想晚起。
I decide ______________________ it. 我决定不做这件事。
(3)有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing形式作宾语,但两者意思不同。
语义上的区别
不定式(Infinitive)：通常表示未来的、一次性的、具体的动作或目的。它强调了动作或状态的尚未发生或未完成性。
动名词(Gerund)：则表示一种抽象的概念、习惯性的动作或正在进行的状态。它更多地指向一种持续或已完成的行为。
2. 后接"特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构"作宾语的动词
　　动词不定式常与特殊疑问词连用作decide、 know、 ask、 show、 teach、 discuss等动词的宾语,在功能上相当于一个宾语从句,但不构成复合结构。
I don’t know . (= I don’t know what I should do.) 我不知道该做什么。
3. it作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语
　　动词不定式作宾语,如果后面接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语(动词不定式)放在宾语补足语之后,句型为"主语+谓语(think、 find、 feel、 make、 consider等)+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式"。
I find it difficult______________ a new language.我发现学一门新语言很难。
拓展提升练习
1．My parents often ask me _________ too much time _________ computer games.
A．not to spend; playing B．not to spend; to play
C．to not spend; play D．spend; playing
2．I’m sorry I forgot ________ my homework. I’ll finish it tonight, OK
A．to do B．doing C．did
3．—Jim, you look tired today. What’s wrong
—I was ________ busy ________ have a good sleep yesterday.
A．enough; to B．so; that C．too; to D．such; as
4．Children decide ________ their classroom this afternoon.
A．clean B．cleaning C．cleaned D．to clean
5．Most of the people want ________ the person like Walt Disney.
A．to be B．be C．to being D．being
6．It is necessary for her (take) some exercise every day.
7．Everyone was happy. They seemed (know) the exciting news.
8．—Our foreign teacher Lino invited us (go) to his Christmas party.
—Let’s prepare some gifts for him together.
9．Scientists make robots (walk) like humans.
10．We must play a part in i our living environment.
11．The boys are looking forward to s their own ideas with the famous writer.
12．Alice is busy p a meal for her family in the kitchen.
13.I find it easy______________(learn) English.
六．一般将来时
一．含be going to的一般将来时
1. be going to的用法
1)定义与基本结构
一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)在英语中用来描述将要发生的事情或动作，通常与未来时间有关。它并不特指动作发生的具体时间，只是表明动作会在未来的某个时刻发生。
常见标志词：
一般将来时还常伴随一些时间状语或标志词, 如“next系列 next year, next week等)、“tomorrow系列 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow等)、“in+一段时间 in two weeks, in a year等)以及“soon”和“in the future”等
结构:一般将来时主要通过“be going to”结构来表示, 其中“be”动词(am, is, are)根据主语的人称和数进行变化， 后面紧跟“going to”， 再接动词原形。
2)用法与语境
1.表示意图、计划或打算：
使用“be going to”结构时，常常涉及个人的计划、意图或即将采取的行动。
例句:I _____________________________________ harder next semester.我下学期打算更加努力学习。
2.表示有迹象要发生的事：
有时，即使没有明确的计划，但根据当前情况或迹象，我们可以推测某事即将发生。
例句: The sky is darkening. It ______________________________ soon.天空变暗了, 快要下雨了。
3）. be going to的句式结构
be going to的句式变化是借助be动词的变化来完成的，且be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
句子类型 句子结构 例句
肯定句 主语+be going to+动词原形+其他. Hurry up! We are going to be late.快点!我们就要迟到了。
否定句 主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他. Don’t worry.We are going to be late.别担心。我们不会迟到的。
一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答 Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他 肯定回答:Yes,主语 +be. 否定回答:No,主语+be not. — we going to be late 我们会迟到吗 —Yes,we are.是的,我们会的。/No,we aren’t.不,我们不会。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他 are you going to be when you grow up 你长大后打算成为什么
4）. 含be going to的there be句型
　　含be going to的there be句型为"There is/are going to be+其他.",常用来表示将有某事发生,其中不可以把be改成have。
There _______________________ a football match next Saturday in our school. 下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。
二．will的一般将来时
1. will的基本用法
　　will是一般将来时的"特殊信息词",在句子中和其他动词原形共同构成谓语。will与主语常缩写成'll形式,如I’ll、 you’ll、 he’ll、 they’ll等。Will的否定形式是will后面加not即缩写为won’t。
She _________ you this evening. 今天晚上她将给你打电话。
I ______________visit my uncle tomorrow because I am busy.我明天很忙我不会去拜访我的叔叔。
2.常见的时间状语
next系列, 如: next year, next week
tomorrow系列, 如: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow
“in+一段时间”系列, 如: in two weeks, in a year
“soon”和“in the future”等也常用来描述将来的时间点或时间段。
3. 含will的一般将来时的基本结构
句子类型 句子结构 例句
肯定句 主语+will+动词原形+他. I will go to the movies tomorrow. 我明天要去看电影。
否定句 主语+won’t +动词原形+其他. I won’t tell anyone this secret.我不会把这个秘密告诉任何人。
一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答 Will+主语+动词原形+其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+will. 否定回答:No, 主语+won’t. —Will they work five days a week in the future 将来他们会每周工作五天吗 —Yes, they will./ No, they won’t.是的,他们会。/不,他们不会。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(短语)+will+主语+动词原形+其他 When will you have a school trip 你们什么时候进行学校旅行
4. “there be”句型的将来时
当我们需要谈论将来某个时间点的存在或发生时，会使用“there be”句型的将来时。它有两种形式：
1) There will be + 主语 + 其他
There will be a party on Saturday night.周六晚上将会有一个聚会。
2) There is/ are going to be + 主语 + 其他
There is going to be a heavy rain tonight.今晚将会有一场大雨。
5. will 与 be going to的区别
　　will与be going to都可表示将要发生某事或将要去做某事,具体区别如下:
(1)be going to指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定会发生,表示客观事情的发展;will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定发生的事,可指遥远的事情。
Listen to the wind. We are going to have a rough crossing.听那风声,我们横渡时一定困难很大。
He will write a book one day. 将来某一天,他会写一本书。
(2)be going to含有"打算;准备"之意,而 will 则没有这个意思。
My sister and I are going to visit the Great Wall tomorrow. 明天我和我妹妹打算去参观长城。
He will be here in half an hour. 他将在半小时后到这儿。
(3)在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,主句一般不用 be going to,而多用will。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去动物园。
6.现在进行时表示将来
某些表示位置移动或周期性发生的动词, 如“come”, “go”, “leave”, “fly”,“arrive”, “start”, “meet”等, 在特定语境下可以用现在进行时来表示将来要发生的动作。这种用法通常与时间状语连用，表示按计划或安排即将进行的活动。
例句：
We are flying to Paris next week. 我们下周要飞往巴黎。
拓展提升练习
1．—When will Jack ________ tomorrow
—I don’t know. I will call you when he ________ the airport.
A．arrive; reach B．reach; arrives C．arrive; reaches D．reach; arrive
2．If I ________ up early, I ________ the early bus.
A．get; catch B．get; will catch C．will get; will catch
3．—There ________a football game between China and South Korea tomorrow morning.
—Really It sounds cool. If we don’t have classes, I ________ to watch it.
A．will have; go B．will be; go
C．is going to have; will go D．is going to be; will go
4．Betty is busy doing her homework, so I’m afraid that she ________ to the party tonight.
A．went B．will go C．won’t go D．didn’t go
5．—Will people live to be 300 years old
—_________.
A．No, they aren’t B．No, they won’t C．No, there won’t D．No, they can’t
6．We _______ these new clothes to the children in the mountain villages next month.
A．will send B．send C．sent D．will sent
7．My brother and I ________ kites in the park tomorrow.
A．fly B．flew C．were flying D．will fly
8．There (be) a football match next week.
9．The White family (not visit) Tsinghua University in the coming days, are they
10．We (have) an English party this weekend. I hope you can come.
11．No one knows what (happen) in 100 years.
12．The plane (arrive) in twenty minutes.
13．If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we (go / beach).
14．The meeting (start) in half an hour.
15．Don’t worry, students (finish) their work in ten minutes.
七．可数名词与不可数名词
1. 概念
一般来说,可以计数的名词是可数名词;不可以计数的名词是不可数名词。
2. 变化形式
(1)规则变化
　　可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词单数变复数的方法,可归纳为:
方法 例词
一般在名词词尾加 apple→ map→
以s、 x、 sh、 ch等结尾的名词,在词尾加 class→ watch→
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词应 dictionary→ family→
以f或fe结尾的大多数名词, leaf→ knife→
(2)不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
man→ 男人　　　 woman→ 女人
policeman→ 警察　　 foot→ 脚 tooth→ 牙齿
②词尾有变化 child→ 孩子
③单数和复数形式相同 sheep→ 绵羊 Chinese→ 中国人
Japanese→ 日本人
2.不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns) :表示抽象概念、物质或集合体的名词, 通常没有明确的复数形式。它们表示数量时，需要使用量词或短语来表达。例如，'water'(水)是不可数名词, 我们不能说' waters', 但可以说'a cup of water'(一杯水)。
不可数名词常与量词(如'a piece of','a cup of')结合使用, 表示具体的数量。例如, 'a piece of paper'(一张纸), ' three cups of water'(三杯水)。
询问不可数名词的数量时，我们使用' How much';而询问可数名词的数量时, 使用' How many'。
例如, ' How ___________ money did you make last year 你去年赚了多少钱
How _____________ books do you have 你有多少本书
拓展提升练习
1．—Please pass me two ________.
—Here you are.
A．pieces of papers B．paper C．piece paper D．pieces of paper
2．—What would you like to eat
—Two ________ of bread and some ________, please.
piece; strawberry B．pieces; strawberry
C．piece; strawberries D．pieces; strawberries
3．I think computers are fantastic. There ________ lots of useful ________ on the Internet.
A．is, informations B．is, information
C．are, information D．are, informations
4．We need some fruit, so I’m going to the supermarket to buy some ________this afternoon.
A．orange and Coke B．apple and pear
C．bananas and oranges D．carrots and tomatoes
5．Some students in our school hardly take ________, so our head master asks us to do morning ________ every day.
A．exercises; exercises B．exercise; exercise
C．exercises; exercise D．exercise; exercises
6．—How much honey do we need
—Let’s see. Two ________.
spoons of honey B．spoon of honeys
C．spoons of honeys D．spoon of honey
7．I have many , such as running, swimming and cooking. (hobby)
8．Look! These yellow (leaf) are so beautiful.
9．Tom is good at writing (story).
10．How much (honey) do you need
11．Mike wants to be a writer. He kept writing (diary) for many years.
12．What delicious they are! (sandwich)
13．Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are both very famous (science).
14．There are many green trees on both of Panlong River. (side)
15．You had better brush your after meals. (tooth)
16．This morning market sells different kinds of fresh (fish).
17．How many famous (write) do you know in China
18．Can you give me some (advise) about how to learn English well.
19．How amazing! The little cat caught two (mouse) last night.
20．There are many (different) between the two theaters.
21．There are few spelling and grammar (mistake) in Lily’s homework.
22．Eating too much s is bad for your teeth.
23．I have two t . Would you like to go to the movies with me
24．Mr Lee advised his students to take part in outdoor a .
25．T under 18 shouldn’t drive a car. They are too young.
八．祈使句
1. 概念
祈使句本身是用来表达请求、命令、建议或劝告的句子.
Use your eyes; use your ears. 用眼看,用耳听。
2. 祈使句的肯定句式
(1)Do型(实义动词原形+……)
Sit down!坐下!
Stand up!起立!
(2)Be型(Be+形容词)
Be quiet! 安静点!
(3)Let型(Let sb. do...)
Let me help you. 让我来帮助你吧。
3. 祈使句的否定句式
(1)祈使句的否定结构以"Don’t/Do not+动词原形"开头。
Don’t be late. 不要迟到了。
Don’t let her disturb you.不要让她干扰你。
(2)以Let’s开头的祈使句的否定式为"Let’s not"。
Let’s not sit here! 我们不要坐在这儿!
(3)No型(No+名词/动词-ing形式),通常用于公共场合,意为"禁止做某事"。
NO PHOTOS禁止拍照
NO SMOKING禁止吸烟
注意：
1.省略谓语动词 ：在意思明确的情况下，回答祈使句时可以省略谓语动词，如，This way please.
2.加强语气 ：为了强调自己的决心或态度，可以在动词前加“do”.
例句: Do be careful!
回答可以是“I will,I promise.”
指定对象
祈使句一般没有主语，但为了明确指示对象，可以在祈使句或回答中加入主语“you”，或者具体的人名、不定代词等.
例句: You sweep the floor and I' ll clean the window.
拓展提升练习
1．— Sandy, ________ others the secret, will you
— Trust me. I’m your best friend.
A．don’t tell B．not to tell C．not telling D．no telling
2．—Mum, what should I do now
— ________ the fruit into small pieces, please.
A．Cut B．To cut C．Cutting D．Cuts
3．Don’t t the wall. The painting on it is still wet.
4．Please p the milk into the bowl.
5．Don’t f to say thanks when others help you.
6．First let’s d the difference between written English and spoken English.
7．It’s dark. Please t on the light.
8．Nancy, (not be) afraid of speaking in public. You are not a kid any more!
9． (not stay) outside, it’s raining heavily.
10． (study) hard, and your dream will come true.试卷第1页，共3页
九．情态动词should
情态动词
1.定义
情态动词是一类特殊的动词，它们用来表达能力、可能性、义务、请求、建议、猜测等态度或情感，但自身不直接表达动作或状态，而是与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。
常见的情态动词有: can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to, will, would等。
2.情态动词“can”
1)表示能力：
情态动词“can”最基本的意思是“能”或“会”。它用于描述某人具备做某事的能力。
例句: Lily can swim very well. 莉莉游泳游得很好。
2)表示许可：
当“can”用于疑问句或否定句中时，它可以表达许可或请求许可。
例句: You can borrow my book if you need it.如果你需要, 你可以借我的书。
3)表示推测：
“can”还可以用于否定句或疑问句中，表示对某事的推测或不确定性。
例句 : It can't be true.这不可能是真的。
4)引导一般疑问句：
“can”引导的一般疑问句用于询问对方的能力、许可或可能性。
例句: Can you speak French 你会说法语吗
2.情态动词 could
“could”是“can”的过去式，但也可用于现在时表示更委婉或更礼貌的请求。
例句:I could speak English at the age of six. 我六岁时就会说英语了。
委婉语气: Could you pass me the pen 你能把那支钢笔递给我吗
3.其他情态动词
1) may：表示请求许可或推测可能性。
例句：
May I come in 我可以进来吗 (请求许可)
He may be late this afternoon. 他今天下午可能会迟到。(推测)
2) must：表示强烈的义务或推测。
例句：
You must finish your homework before dinner.你必须在晚饭前完成作业。
It must be raining outside. 外面一定在下雨。
3) should : 表示建议、义务或推测。
例句: You should go to bed early. 你应该早点睡觉。
4) will/ would：用于将来时态，表示意愿、预测或习惯性的动作。
例句:I will call you tomorrow.我明天会给你打电话。
4. can 与 be able to的区别
can 和 be able to 在表示能力时可以通用, 但 can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而 be able to可以用于更多时态, 包括将来时(will be able to)。
例句:I can speak three languages.我能说三种语言。
In the future, I will be able to speak five. 将来我能说五种语言。
注意：be able to 不能单独表示允许或可能性。
5. may与 can的区别
1) may用于表示请求许可时, 比 can 和 could 更显正式和礼貌。
例句: May I leave early today 我今天可以早点离开吗
否定回答通常使用 mustn't 或 can't, 但需注意语气。
例句：
— May I use your phone 我可以用你的手机吗
— No, you mustn't/ can't.不, 你不可以。
2) may还可用于表达祝愿或希望。
例句: May you have a wonderful day!愿你度过美好的一天!
6.固定搭配
can't help doing... : 情不自禁地做某事。
例句: I can't help laughing when I see his funny face.
看到他滑稽的表情，我情不自禁地笑了。
can't wait to do sth. : 迫不及待做某事。
例句:I can't wait to see the new movie.我迫不及待地想看那部新电影。
do what you can to do sth. : 尽你所能做某事(此句可简化为 do your best to do sth.)
例句 : We should do what we can to protect the environment.
我们应该尽我们所能保护环境。
拓展提升练习
1．My father is a ________, and he can ________ delicious food.
A．cooker; cooks B．cooker; cook C．cook; cook
2．I want to join the ________ club. I can ________ well.
A．swim; swim B．swimming; swim C．swim; swims
3．I can lend you my dictionary, but you can (keep) it for only a week.
4．Look! They may (prepare) for the coming exams.
5．We can’t (play) computer games for too much time. It’s really bad for us.
6．Linda has to English every morning. (speak)
7．Can Marry (carry) the desk
8．We can use less water and p more trees to save the earth.
9．If we want to plant a tree, first we should d a hole.
10．What can you e to learn from the talk show
试卷第1页，共3页
十．if引导的条件状语从句
(1)概念:在句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句表示主句的动作发生的条件、假想或推测等。常用连词if (如果)来引导。
I will go with you if I have time tomorrow. 如果我明天有时间,我将和你一起去。
(2)位置:if引导的条件状语从句位置灵活,可置于句首,也可置于句尾。放在主句前面时,一般用逗号隔开。
If you up at 6:00, you late for school./You won’t be late for school if you get up at 6:00. 如果你6点起床,上学就不会迟到。
(3)时态:在含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的时态是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来,即"主将从现"。
If I free this afternoon, I you with your English. 如果我今天下午有空,我就帮助你学英语。
(4)同义句转换:含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句可以与"祈使句+and/or+陈述句"进行转换。
If you hard, you good grades.=Study hard and you’ll get good grades.努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
(5)除if引导的条件状语从句外,我们还了解unless=if not (除非;如果不)等引导的条件状语从句。
He won’t go to sleep unless you tell him a story. 如果你不给他讲故事他就不睡觉。
拓展提升练习
1．You can’t go to the school party u you have a student ID card. It is only for students.
2．Will you go to the beach i it doesn’t rain tomorrow
3．If he (be not) careful, he may lose his way in the rainforest.
4．If he (come) here tomorrow, I (call) you.
5．I won’t go to the theater if it (rain) tomorrow.
6．What (happen) if they have the party today
7．Unless he (exercise) more, he will get fatter and fatter.
8．Kitty, you (fail) the English exam unless you study hard.
9．Who can help us with our English if Mr. White (not be) here next week
10．Jack wants to be a cook when he up.