人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Reading and Thinking 预习学案（含答案）

《FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS》预习学案
一、学习目标
通过预习，学生能够深入理解课文阐述的经济发展与文化遗址保护之间的矛盾及化解过程，把握文章主旨。
熟练掌握文中出现的诸如 “preserve”“proposal” 等重点词汇、短语及相关句型的用法，能在书面和口语表达中准确运用。
深刻领会国际合作在攻克难题、推动社会发展中的关键意义，拓宽国际视野，培养全球意识。
二、背景知识
阿斯旺大坝建设于 20 世纪中期，当时埃及正处于经济快速发展的渴望阶段，期望借助大坝实现防洪、发电以及改善农业灌溉等目标，以提升整体国力。然而，埃及又拥有着悠久灿烂的历史文化，尼罗河沿岸诸多古老的寺庙、文物等文化遗址承载着民族记忆与精神象征。在追求经济进步时，大坝建设可能带来的洪水冲击、水位变化等问题对这些珍贵遗产构成严重威胁，引发了保护与发展的尖锐矛盾。在当今，类似矛盾屡见不鲜，如一些城市为拓展商业版图欲拆除古老街区，引发居民与文化保护者的抗争；又如在矿产开发地区，开采活动与当地自然景观、古遗迹保护相悖等。
词汇预习(在课文中画出你不熟悉的词并查好中文注释)
preserve：vt. 保护；保存；维护。例句：We must preserve our natural resources.（我们必须保护我们的自然资源。）
proposal：n. 提议；建议；求婚。例句：The proposal was rejected by the committee.（这个提议被委员会否决了。）
damage：vt. & n. 损害；毁坏。例句：The storm caused great damage to the crops.（暴风雨对庄稼造成了很大的损害。）
committee：n. 委员会。例句：The committee is made up of experts.（这个委员会由专家组成。）
contribution：n. 贡献；捐款；投稿。例句：He made a great contribution to the project.（他对这个项目做出了很大的贡献。）
rescue：vt. & n. 营救；救援。例句：The firefighters rescued the trapped people.（消防员营救了被困人员。）
give way to：给…… 让路；让位于。例句：Old traditions should give way to new ideas.（旧传统应该让位于新思想。）
turn to：求助于；转向。例句：When I have difficulties, I often turn to my teacher for help.（当我有困难时，我经常向我的老师求助。）
limit...to：把…… 限制在。例句：We should limit our spending to what we can afford.（我们应该把开支限制在我们能承受的范围内。）
put back together：重新组装；使恢复原状。例句：The mechanic put the broken machine back together.（机械师把坏了的机器重新组装好了。）
课文内容理解
快速阅读课文，回答以下问题：
What was the Egyptian government's plan in the 1950s （20 世纪 50 年代埃及政府的计划是什么？）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why did the plan lead to protests （为什么这个计划引发了抗议？）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What did the government do to solve the problem （政府为解决问题做了什么？）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
仔细阅读课文，完成以下任务：
直线画出文中描述阿斯旺大坝项目实施过程的句子，并用自己的话简述该过程。
波浪线画出文中表明该项目成功的句子，并分析其成功的原因。
五、句型分析
分析句子 “Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.” 的结构，标出主语、谓语和表语，并尝试用该句型仿写一个句子。____________________________________________________________________
理解句子 “Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.” 的语法特点，注意 “not only...but also” 结构中倒装的用法，标出主语、谓语和表语，并尝试用该句型仿写一个句子。____________________________________________________________________
六、思考拓展
在你看来，经济发展与文化保护能否实现双赢？举例说明你的观点。
除了文中提到的国际合作解决问题的例子，你还知道哪些全球性问题是通过各国合作解决的？分享一下你的见闻。
七、完成任务
背诵课文中自己喜欢的段落，加深对课文的理解。 (完成打勾)
用所学的重点词汇和短语写一篇短文，描述一个你所知道的解决问题的故事，要求不少于 150 字。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
拓展词汇自主背诵，尝试与同桌相互提问中文意思
经济发展相关词汇
economic growth：经济增长
industrialization：工业化
infrastructure：基础设施（如交通、能源供应、通信等设施）
investment：投资
GDP（Gross Domestic Product）：国内生产总值
economic prosperity：经济繁荣
entrepreneurship：企业家精神；创业精神
trade：贸易
resource allocation：资源分配
productivity：生产力
urbanization：城市化
tax revenue：税收
financial support：金融支持
technological innovation：技术创新
market expansion：市场扩张
economic stimulus：经济刺激
capital flow：资本流动
industry upgrading：产业升级
commercial development：商业发展
employment rate：就业率
文化保护相关词汇
cultural conservation：文化保护（与 “preserve” 同义，但更强调 “守恒” 的概念）
heritage site：遗产地（包括自然遗产和文化遗产）
intangible cultural heritage：非物质文化遗产（如传统手工艺、民俗活动等）
restoration：修复（用于建筑、文物等）
archaeological preservation：考古学保护
cultural identity：文化认同
cultural diversity：文化多样性
preservation techniques：保护技术
cultural relics protection law：文物保护法
site management：遗址管理
documentation：记录（用于记录文化、历史等相关信息）
museums and galleries：博物馆和美术馆（作为文化保护和展示的重要场所）
cultural awareness：文化意识
folklore：民间传说；民俗学
historical architecture：历史建筑
antique：古董；古物
cultural mapping：文化地图绘制（用于梳理文化资源分布等）
conservation area：保护区（用于保护特定文化区域）
答案 四、课文内容理解
What was the Egyptian government's plan in the 1950s
In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area.
Why did the plan lead to protests
Because water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.
What did the government do to solve the problem
After listening to the scientists and citizens, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. A committee was established to limit damage and prevent loss. Experts investigated, tested, and made a proposal. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960.
描述阿斯旺大坝项目实施过程的句子：A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960. The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics.
简述：首先成立委员会减少建筑损害、防止文物损失，向各方征集支持与资金，专家调研测试后提出保护方案，接着签署文件动工。项目汇聚全球力量，寺庙等文化遗址被拆解、搬运至安全地后重组，德国工程师率先搬迁首座寺庙，历经 20 年数千人拯救大量文物古迹。
表明该项目成功的句子：When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
成功原因：一方面各国找到了兼顾经济发展与文化保护的未来之路，未牺牲历史遗迹；另一方面各国通过合作意识到携手共创美好明天的可行性，集合了全球智慧、资金与人力，共同攻克难题。
五、句型分析
句子 “Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.” 中，主语是 “Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites”（动名词短语作主语，表示 “在发展与文化遗址保护之间寻找并保持恰当的平衡” 这一行为），谓语是 “can be”，表语是 “a big challenge”。
仿写：Traveling and learning about different cultures can be an eye-opening experience.（旅行并了解不同文化可能是一次大开眼界的经历。）
“Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.” 语法特点：“not only...but also” 连接两个并列分句，当 “not only” 位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装，即把助动词 “had” 提前。
仿写：Not only has he improved his English skills, but he has also made many friends through online learning.（他不仅提高了英语技能，而且还通过在线学习结识了许多朋友。）
六、思考拓展
经济发展与文化保护能实现双赢。例如，在一些古镇旅游开发中，当地政府一方面修缮古老建筑，保护传统民俗文化，如举办民俗节庆活动、传承古老手工艺；另一方面合理规划商业布局，开发特色民宿、文化创意产品等旅游产业。既让古老文化焕发生机，吸引游客，促进经济增收，又完整保留了文化底蕴，实现两者良性互动。
全球性问题如气候变化，各国通过签订《巴黎协定》，共同制定减排目标，发达国家向发展中国家提供资金与技术支持，携手应对全球变暖；又如抗击新冠疫情，各国分享抗疫经验、医疗物资互助，联合研发疫苗，共同对抗病毒威胁，保障全球公共卫生安全。
七、课后作业
（略，学生自主背诵）
示例：Last summer, our community faced a serious waste disposal problem. The old landfill was full, and waste was piling up everywhere. The local government turned to the experts for advice. A committee was established to study the issue. They proposed building a new waste recycling center. The community raised funds and contributions came from different companies. Workers and volunteers put in great efforts. Finally, the recycling center was built. It not only solved the waste problem but also created jobs. We all realized the importance of cooperation in solving problems. （学生可根据自身实际情况调整内容）