Part 1 单元语法讲义--五大基本句型+八大句子成分
Part 2 高考英语读后续写题型分析及方法指导
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Welcome Unit
Part 1 单元语法讲义
一、五大基本句型
简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。
简单句型一：S＋V (主＋谓)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S V (不及物动词)
1.Time flies.
2.The moon rose.
3.She sings beautifully.
4.They talked for half an hour.
5.He walked yesterday.
[特别注意]
主语可有修饰语——定语，谓语可有修饰语——状语。
The red sun rises in the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。
简单句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋谓＋宾)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
S V (及物动词) O (宾语)
1.Who knows the answer？
2.She laughs at her.
3.They ate some apples.
4.Danny likes swimming.
5.I want to have a cup of tea.
易混点 1 ：只带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有：
suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine，finish， admit， excuse， delay， practise, consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk ，succeed in， be busy，be worth， be used to， give up， look
forward to
易混点 2 ：带 to do 做宾语的动词有：
offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem,agree, etc.
简单句型三：S＋V＋IO＋DO (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
S V (及物) IO (多指人) DO (多指物)
1.She passed him a new dress.
2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
3.I showed him my pictures.
4.I told him how to run the machine.
5.He showed me the bus over there.
此句型中常见的谓语动词：give buy bring tell send leave pass write take show get teach pay hand 等。
可借助to的: bring, give, lend, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
可借助for的：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save等。
He brings me cookies every day.
2. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
3. Grandma told us an interesting story last night.
4. Pass me the book,please
5. He showed the ticket to the conductor.
简单句型四：S＋V＋O＋C (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
S V (及物) O (宾语) C (宾补)
1.We keep the table clean.
2.What makes him sad？
3.We saw him out.
4.He asked me to come back soon.
5.I saw them getting on the bus.
注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：find/think/consider it +宾补+to do..
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
Both sides consider it desirable to further the understanding between the two peoples.
简单句型五：S＋V＋P (主＋系＋表)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
S Linking V (系动词) P (表语)
1.This is an English dictionary.
2.The dinner smells good.
3.He fell happy.
4.The book is interesting.
5.The weather became warmer.
[知识拓展] 6类系动词
(1)状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be (am, is, are, was, were)一词。
(2)持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。
(3)表象系动词，用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。
(4)感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。
(5)变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。
(6)终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out。
二、八大句子成分
英语句子由多个部分构成，各部分在句子中起着不同的作用，这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素。
主要句子成分：主语(subject)---s； 谓语(predicate)---v
次要句子成分：宾语(object)---o； 定语(attribute)---attr； 状语(adverbial)---adv；
补语(complement)-c; 表语(predicative)---p； 同位语(Appositive)等。
1 主语
概念和位置：句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，通常位于句首。
充当：通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
语序：正常：主语+谓语; 全部倒装：谓语+主语; 部分倒装：情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
What benefits most to their study is reading English books. (主语从句)（2022 全国乙卷满分作文 ）
The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. （名词）（2022年新高考I卷阅读）
...there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.（代词+倒装）（2022年新高考I卷读后续写）
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. （动名词短语）(2022新课标全国II卷七选五)
It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）(2022年乙卷书面表达）
2 谓语
概念和位置： 表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当，由简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。
一般位于主语之后。
充当：一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当，谓语有时态与语态的变化，同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约，如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （实义动词）（2022 全国甲卷 ） 复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.（情态动词+实义动词）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Food became easier to chew at this point. (系动词)（2022年新高考I卷）
3 宾语
概念：表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语；有的动词后可以跟两个宾语，其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。
位置: 位于及物动词或介词之后。
充当：通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to ...”（名词）（2022年新高考I卷）
I’d appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration. （代词it作形式宾语，if引导真正的宾语从句）（2022年新高考I卷）
...，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. （动名词短语）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. （宾语从句）（2022年新高考I卷）
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
4 表语
概念: 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与系动词一起构成复合谓语。
位置：位于系动词之后。
充当：通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。
Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance. （介词短语）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
Food became easier to chew at this point. （形容词）(2022年新高考I卷)
I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning....（方位副词）(2022年新高考I卷)
Needless to say, they were deeply moved.（分词）（2020年新课标I ）
The machine is out of order.(不定式)
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
5 定语
概念：修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语；
位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前，但是在修饰any-，some-，no， every-等构成的单词，如something 等时，应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。
充当：定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。
Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax.
（名词，非谓语, 形容词）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
（定语从句）（2022 新高考全国卷II ）
Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK.
（介词短语作后置定语）（2020全国甲卷 ）
To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.
（代词，介词）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.（非谓语，代词，非谓语分词作定语）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
6 状语
概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。
位置: 修饰整个句子时放于句首;修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后，若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后，放于实义动词之前。
充当：通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。
Additionally from time to time I will assign group work to be completed ..（副词）（2022年新高考I卷）
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.（从句）（2021年新高考I卷）
7 补语
概念和位置：有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，补语有两种，分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语，用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。
充当：常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.（形容词做宾补）（2022 高考全国甲卷）
2. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（名词短语作宾补）（2020浙江卷 ）
3. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students.
（过去分词短语作宾补）（2019江苏卷 ）
8 同位语
概念和位置：对句子中某一名词（词组）做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
充当：同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。
...we humans are.（2021 年新高考全国I 卷）
2. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. (名词)（2022 年高考全国乙卷）
My friend, Mary, bought a beautiful dress in the department last weekend. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
主语 同位语 谓语 定语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语
Part 2 高考英语读后续写题型分析及方法指导
Part1读后续写考情分析
"读后续写"是高考英语中新增加的一种写作题型，从2016年开始应用于高考综合改革试点省份的高考中、并且将随着高考综合改革试点的推广在全国范围内使用。在将来，越来越多的学生将会在高考英语中遇到读后续写这种题型。在开始学习如何进行读后续写之前，让我们先来了解一下读后续写这类写作题型的具体要求。
要求考生在理解一篇不完整文章的基础上，充分调动想象创新思维，大胆预测文章缺失部分的内容走势，进行充满个性色彩的设计，并用英语进行续写表达。所提供短文词数在350左右，划线词语涉及到名词(词组)、动词(词组)、介词(词组)和形容词等，其中，以名词(词组)为主，在续写中至少要使用5个关键词语，需要注意：在使用关键词语时根据时态和语态的需要，可以改变动词的形式，可以改变名词的单复数，但不要改变关键词语在原文中的含义和词性；多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但故事线索的逻辑性比较强。
1.创造性：即发挥想象力，该题型具有一定的开放性，考生需用自己的语言对故事情节进行内容创造；
2.逻辑性：即根据已提供的关键信息，按照可能的合理的方向续写，使文章逻辑结构完整；
3.丰富性：即语言能力的充分体现，词汇句法的准确与复杂程度，细节描写的生动性等都将让故事更加立体饱满。
1.读后续写题型解读
到目前为止，已经有许多省份在高考英语中开始了对读后续写的考查。下面我们以2017年6月浙江省高考真题为例，一起来分析一下读后续写的考查重点。
阅读下面的短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that’s a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of bear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac’s relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac’s bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase (追赶).
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
The car abruptly stopped in front of him.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
A few minutes later,the other two cyclists arrived.
__________________________________________________________________________________
从2017年浙江省高考真题中我们可以发现，读后续写的考试形式与教育部考试中心颁布的《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》（高考综合改革试验省份试用）中的描述相同，提供了一段350词以内的语言材料（体裁多以记叙文为主），故事没有结束但是留有线索，让考生得以缘写文章。题目要求考生根据已经给出的故事信息，结合已经写好的两个开头语，应用材料中5个以上标有下划线的关键词语，完成一篇约150词的作文（150词不包括已给出的两段的开头语）。
读后续写不是让考生毫无依据地编故事，而是要求考生在读懂原文的基础上，找到原文给出的线索，然后用丰富、准确的语言完成一篇与原文紧密结合的读后续写作文。总体来说，
2.读后续写写作特点
在进行读后续写时有以下几点需要考生注意∶
①重在描述
读后续写的重点在于情节描述。描述过程中应加入更多的具体动作和情感描写，用具体动作代模地名表达。同学们往往比较擅长写"结论性"语言，例如"Shefeltreallynervousand…"样的句子虽然在语法上没有错误，但是且按用形容词来表达会导致续写只呈现抽象的结论，而没有"画面械"、不会给读者留下深刻的印象。所以，同"们在进行读后续写时，一定要注重描述，讲究生动和画面感。本书第二章中为大家提供了一些用来描述情绪和动作的高频词（短语），希望大家能学以致用。
②关注语言
在高考英语写作中，考生所采用的句型结构在一定程度上会影响阅卷老师对考生写作水平的判断。考生尤其应该避免句型单一化、如通篇使用定语从句，因为这样会让阅卷老师觉得考生对各种句型掌握得不够充分。考生在进行读后续写时应该有意识地多使用不同的句型结构和语法点，比如非谓语、形容词作状语、虚拟语气等。本书第三章中对这些相关语法点进行了讲解。
③注意衔接
由于阅卷老师的阅卷时间十分有限，所以考生一定要在作文中使用清晰的逻辑衔接词，这样可以帮助老师快速抓住文章结构，促使老师更好地理解文章主旨，同时也可以显示出考生写作时严谨的逻辑。在读后续写当中，时间线索串联最为重要，例如uponone'sarrival、then、however、besides、while等衔接词，能够为文章提供明确的时间线索，很好地承接上下文，同学们在日常学习中应该多多积累。
④正向结局
从情节上来看，历年真题多以户外经历为主。考生需要注意设计的结局应是正向的化险为夷。例如，浙江省2016年11月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了简和丈夫野营时因吵架而走散迷路的故事，这个故事的结局应设计为简最终获救了;2017年6月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了马克和朋友骑车去阿拉斯加，朋友由于车坏而停下修车，马克单独前行却在途中遇到狼的故事，这个故事的结局应是马克最终成功脱险;2017年11月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了作者一家四口去祖父母家乡自驾旅游，作者的母亲很健忘，但结局应是由于母亲的健忘，途中发生了有趣的事情;2018年6月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了作者和父亲去西部荒原度假时骑马游玩、却在途中迷路的故事，结局应是作者和父亲平安找到了路。同学们在写作时一定要抓住文中线索，把握好故事发展方向。
对于读后续写这样的写作题型，同学们平时一定要多积累好词好句，进行大量的句子翻译练习，并且找到合适的写作步骤，这样才能在考场上有限的时间内完成一篇高分作文。
3.读后续写写作流程
为了让大家更好地理解，我们还是以2017年6月浙江省高考真题为例，梳理一下读后续写的写作步骤∶
①通读故事，梳理已知情节
材料中讲述了马克和朋友骑车去阿拉斯加，朋友由于车坏而停下修车，马克单独前行但是却在途中遇到狼的故事。
②对续写情节的大致走向作出判断
以正向结局为原则，本文的结局应设计为马克最终成功脱险。
③根据题目已知开头语确定文章类型
题目中给出的第一段开头是"这辆车突然停到他面前"，明显属于故事描述。接下来考生必然需要描述车停在马克面前，马克如何上车脱险。第二段的开头是"几分钟后，另外两个自行车骑手到了"，接下来可以写马克与朋友分享这次经历，并继续这次旅行，所以也可以处理成故事描写。
④梳理续写思路，选取下划线词汇及语法结构
第一段续写思路可以为;这辆车突然停到他面前（开头语）;保罗打开车门让马克上车;马克扔下自行车，冲上汽车;狼终于离开。
第二段续写思路可以为∶几分钟后，另外两个自行车骑手到了（开头语）;他们看到马克的自行车，听他讲述了这次经历;休息后，马克感谢了帮助他的人，与朋友们继续上路;一路上马克十分想念他的妻子和孩子，他想尽快跟他们分享这次旅程的经历。
范文欣赏
Paragraph 1:
The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Mac jumped off his bicycle and rushed to the door of the car. But before Mac could open the door, the wolf had caught up and jumped to attack. Luckily, the magic spray saved Mac a third time. Seeing the wolf back off, Paul quickly unlocked the door, and the frightened man climbed into the car in no time, shutting the door behind him heavily. Becky looked out of the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac’s bicycle as if it were a kill. Soon after, the animal ran off.
Paragraph 2:
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. Mac got out of the car and hugged his friends. “It was really a nightmare and I thought I was going to die,” said Mac in a shaky voice, tears gathering in his eyes. For him, life could never be more beautiful. After saying goodbye to Paul and Becky with gratitude, the three men continued their trip, agreeing never to separate again.
Part2读后续写评分标准、原则及解读
1.读后续写评分标准（新高考卷:七档）
第七档（22-25分）
———创造了丰富、合理 的内容,富有逻辑性,续写完整,与原文情 境融洽度高:
———使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达流畅,语言错 误很少,且完全不影响理解:
———自然有效地使用了段落间、句间衔接手段,全文结构清晰 ,前后呼应,意义连贯。
第六档（18-21分）
———创造了比较丰富、合理的内容,比较有逻辑性,续写比较完 整,与 原文情境融洽度较高:
———使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达比较流畅,有 个 别 错误,但不影响理解:
———比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段 ,全文结构比较清晰 ,意义比较连贯。
第五档（15-17分）
———创造 了 基 本 合 理 的 内 容 ,有 一 定 的 逻 辑 性,续 写 基 本 完 整 ,与 原 文 情境相关:
———使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达方式不够多 样 性,表 达 有 些许错误,但基本不影响理解:
———使用了语句间衔接手段,全文结构比较清晰,意义比较连贯。
第四档（11-14分）
———创造了基本完整的故事内容,但有的情节不够合理或 逻 辑 性 不 强,与原文情境基本相关:
———使用了简单的词汇和语法结构,有部分语言错误和不 恰 当 之 处,个 别部分影响理解:
———尚有语句衔接的意识,全文结构基本清晰,意义基本连贯。
第三档（6-10分）
———内容和逻辑上有一些 重大问题,续 写不够完整,与 原 文 有 一 定 程 度 脱节:
———所用的词汇有限,语法结构单调,错误较多且比较低级,影响理解:
———未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段,全文结构不够清晰,意义欠连贯。
第二档（1-5分）
———内容和 逻 辑 上 有 较 多 重 大 问 题 ,或 有 部 分 内 容 抄 自 原 文 ,续 写 不 完整,与原文情境基本脱节:
———所使用的词汇非常有限,语法结构单调,错误极多,严重影响理解:
———几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段,全文结构不清晰,意义不连贯。
第一档0分
———未作答:所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判:所写内 容 全 部 抄 自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
2.读后续写评分标准（浙江卷:五档）
第五档（21—25）
—与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
—内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
—所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不会影响意义表达。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第四档（16—20）
—与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。
—内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
—所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不会影响意义表达。
—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第三档（11—15）
—与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
—写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第二档（6—10）
—与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
—写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少内容连贯。
第一档（1—5）
—与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。
—产出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语。
—语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
0
白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
（1）评分原则
满分25分。 提供一段350词左右的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写(150词左右)，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
3.读后续写评分标准解读
从官方给出的评分标准来看，读后续写在评分过程中主要受以下四个因素影响，因此，考生要格外重视：
①与题目已给信息的衔接
考生在写作最初的构思过程中，应根据上半段故事情节给出的线索以及题目给出的段首语来构不能看完故事后立刻就开始编后半部分、把自己的故事生搬硬套进两个段落里面，这样会出现衔接不当的问题
②下划线词语的应用 （仅适用浙江卷）
建议把下划线词语按照词性分成名词、形容词和副词/动词三个类别。首先推荐使用名词，因为名词类别中常出现人名或物品名，基本都是故事情节里必须用到的，所以可以先使用名词。另外需要注意的是，根据往年的阅卷反馈来看，名词单复数变化和动词时态变化可计入下划线词;但是词性变化不计人下划线词。
③词汇和语法的应用
读后续写一般为记叙性文章，阅卷时会更加重视考生对词汇和语法的掌握。评分标准里对词汇和语法的要求是∶丰富、准确。词汇的丰富指的是词汇的多样性，比如表达开心不是全文都用happy，而是使用delighted、pleased等多样的形容词，也可以用smile、lightup等多样的动词（词组）或名词来表达。语法的丰富指的是句型的多样性，全文不都是简单句，也不都是用定语从句堆叠起来的长句子，而是能够灵活地使用三大从句、非谓语、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。除去词汇和语法准确的表达，正确的单词拼写、正确的时态和语态以及正确的句型应用才能让高级词汇和语法发挥出更好的作用。
④故事中的衔接成分
"衔接"这个部分，一直是所有考生最容易出现问题的地方。大部分考生在读后续写写作的初期都会只关注动作，觉得把情节写完就好了。但是只有情节，故事不一定通顺，读起来也会比较像流水账。这时候就需要加入一些衔接词，比如atthismoment，unfortunately等，来充当衔接成分，从而让情节变得更加通顺、层次丰富。
总的来说，考生若想在读后续写中拿到高分，除了简单地把故事写完、还必须要注意运用多样的词汇、句型和语法，使用至少5个下划线词语，并注意与两个段首句的衔接，以及故事情节中的衔接。
Part4 读后续写剧情设计的“七不”
1.不增加人物。
由考纲样题及近5年高考真题中所给的段落首句可知,续写的故事情节发展都是由原文的人物所推进,因此,强行增加人物有可能会偏离情节发展
2. 不增加旁支情节。
题目要求“考生根据所给情节进行续写”，旨在延续原材料的故事情节，并不是要发展新情节。
3.不用过多对话。在续写中展示对话,虽能丰富内容和语言, 增强语篇的连贯性, 但使用过多的对话,会显得篇幅累赘且很难在限定的词数里把整个后续的情节发展补充完整。
4.不用负能量结局。结局设计绝对不能负能量。内容应该积极向上, 能增长知识或传播正能量。如样题的结尾, 我们可以有两种设定:这个年轻人就是银行抢劫者,而Arthur因此成为一个大英雄; 或者Arthur误会了这个年轻人是银行抢劫犯,但最终警察们还是表扬了他见义勇为的行为。
5.不在文末设置悬念。题目要求是“使之构成一篇完整的短文”, 若在文末设置悬念, 就会给人一种还没结束的感觉，这样的故事是不完整的。
6.不偏离原文主题。续写的情节应时刻围绕着短文的主题去推进,如上面的样题, 由续写第二段首句提到的“警察局”可推测, 我们可以围绕勇气及正义的主题去进行续写。
7.不违背逻辑常理。情节和细节的想象要合理,符合生活常识及具有逻辑性。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
一、 指出下列句子的基本类型
主语＋谓语 2．主语＋谓语＋宾语 3．主语＋系动词＋表语
主语＋谓语＋双宾语(间宾 +直宾 ) 5．主语＋谓语＋复合宾语(宾 + 宾补)
1.Plants need water and sun. 主+ 谓+宾
2.The flowers are so fresh and beautiful. 主 + 系 + 表
3.The sun rises in the east. 主 + 谓
4.He gave me some flowers. 主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
5.We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓
7.Her mother looks very young. 主 + 系 + 表
8.She teaches us English. 主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
9.The children are jumping and laughing happily. 主 + 谓
10.Our teacher asked us to talk about thequestions in pairs. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
11. He often tells me some interesting stories. 主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
12.The students must keep their eyes closed. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
二、指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分并总结出该句的基本句型结构。
They have worked for months and even years.
成分：主语 谓语 时间状语
句型结构总结：主语＋谓语（不及物动词）
The film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work
成分：主语 定语 谓语 表语
句型结构总结：主语＋系动词＋表语
I didn’t understand all of the traditional customs at first.
成分： 主语 谓语 宾语 状语
句型结构总结： 主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语
Traditional festivals teach us a lot about our nation’s history
成分： 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
句型结构总结： 主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋双宾语（间接宾语＋直接宾语）
Traditional festivals enable us to learn fine Chinese values
成分： 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
句型结构总结： 主语＋谓语＋复合宾语（宾语＋补语）
小结：从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语
三、指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。(将划线部分的句子成分写在横线上)
1.Jack and Tom are doing their homework now. 宾语
2.Betty planted many trees and flowers on her farm 谓语
3.The boy under the tree is a policeman. 表语
4.We went on a visit to the Great Wall last week 状语
5.Yangjing was my best friend in my childhood. 定语
6.He always walks in the park after supper with his wife. 状语
7.Mary asked me to help her yesterday. 宾语补足语
8.I bought my girlfriend a gold ring on her birthday. 双宾语
9.Mr. Wei remains a doctor. 谓语（系动词）
10.The boys and girls seemed excited when they heard the news. 系表结构
四、读后续写
（2024·浙江·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Anybody have a bandage (绷带) ” a voice echoed down the dorm hallway. That was a common scene frequently happening in our first week at college when we were all experiencing “forgot-this-or-that.” I had forgot to bring snacks for late-night hunger. Some poor girl in the dorm had apparently forgotten bandages. We all felt a little displaced.
Several months before, I sat at my high school graduation party admiring my gifts and battling waves of post-high school emotions. The usual and beloved inspirational books were lying in disorder around my feet, silently announcing the wealth of wisdom they wished to share. A small pile of personal checks lay nearby. Laundry items, desk supplies, sewing things - all well-intentioned and well-received. They would demonstrate their givers’ thoughtfulness over and over during my college career.
But one gift struck me as strange. I frowned when I opened it. A first aid kit Inside it were a small packet of pills, pain-killers, creams, ointments (药膏), an insect sprayer (喷雾), a tape, pads of gauze (纱布)and bandages. Who would give that as a gift “You’ll need that once you’re at school,” Mom pointed out. “You won’t have to chase down the campus nurse for every cough. ”I shrugged at this thought.
Not long after, in August, I packed my life into a borrowed truck and slipped the first-aid kit in with my luggage. I barely thought about it once I reached campus, busy unpacking, book-buying, scheduling and meeting new friends.
One day, I was peacefully sitting in my room, absorbed in preparing my studies. The quiet atmosphere was suddenly broken by a sharp scream, “Anybody have a bandage Emily got her arm burnt!” The voice echoed through the dormitory hall, instantly throwing residents into a state of confusion and alarm.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I remembered my little first-aid kit.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Years later, I received a party invitation from a young friend who was graduating from high school.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
I remembered my little first-aid kit. Grabbing my package in no time, I stormed into the hall where I saw Emily sitting on the floor, her face contorted in pain, her arm reddened and swollen. Kneeling beside her and gently unwrapping the first-aid kit, I quickly yet carefully cleaned the burned area with the antiseptic cream, applied a gauze pad to the burn, and secured it with a bandage. Emily’s eyes were filled with tears, but she still managed a grateful nod. “Thank you,” she whispered, her voice hoarse. “It’s okay,” I reassured her. Soon, many of the other girls heard of my little kit and paid me a visit for various needs. The little gift I had questioned now led me toward new friendships. As it broke diseases, it also broke the ice, allowing me to meet and befriend many in the dorm.
Paragraph 2:
Years later, I received a party invitation from a young friend who was graduating from high school. Eager as I was to attend her party, I was at a loss what gift to prepare. Then like a bolt out of the blue, memories of my own party rushed back to me, and I smiled at the opportunity presenting itself. As I drove to the pharmacy, I knew exactly what gift I would give her: a first-aid kit. When I arrived at her party with the very gift for her, her eyes widened in surprise at it, exactly as what I did years ago. I smiled and explained the depth and meaning behind my choice. It was not just a first-aid kit but a chance to be a friend. Knowing the whole story, she took it and winked at me, “Yes, it is bandage for bond”.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在大学的第一周，宿舍里有人需要绷带但忘记带，这引发了对开学初期普遍出现的遗忘现象的共鸣。作者回忆起高中毕业时收到一份特别的礼物——一个急救包，里面有各种药品和医疗用品，起初觉得奇怪，但后来在大学生活中意识到这份礼物的实用价值。当宿舍里有人手臂被烧伤需要绷带时，急救包派上了用场，体现了礼物中不显眼的体贴。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我想起了我的小急救箱。”可知，第一段可描写我打开急救箱迅速的对艾米丽的伤口进行了处理，此后很多人与我成为了朋友。
②由第二段首句内容“多年后，我收到了一个即将高中毕业的年轻朋友的派对邀请。”可知，第二段可描写我去药房买了急救箱作为礼物，并解释了其背后的故事和意义。
2.续写线索：急救箱——处理伤口——感谢——成为朋友——收到邀请——准备礼物——解释
3.词汇激活
行为类
①冲进：stormed/ dashed into/dashed
②打开：unwrapped/ unpacked/unraveled/untie
③清洁：cleaned/ sanitized/wiped/disinfected
情绪类
①感激：gratitude/ thankfulness/appreciation
②惊讶：surprise/ astonishment/amazement
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Grabbing my package in no time, I stormed into the hall where I saw Emily sitting on the floor, her face contorted in pain, her arm reddened and swollen. (运用了现在分词作状语和where引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]. When I arrived at her party with the very gift for her, her eyes widened in surprise at it, exactly as what I did years ago. (运用了When引导的时间状语从句和what引导的宾语从句)Part 1 单元语法讲义--五大基本句型+八大句子成分
Part 2 高考英语读后续写题型分析及方法指导
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Welcome Unit
Part 1 单元语法讲义
一、五大基本句型
简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。
简单句型一：S＋V (主＋谓)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S V (不及物动词)
1.Time flies.
2.The moon rose.
3.She sings beautifully.
4.They talked for half an hour.
5.He walked yesterday.
[特别注意]
主语可有修饰语——定语，谓语可有修饰语——状语。
The red sun rises in the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。
简单句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋谓＋宾)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
S V (及物动词) O (宾语)
1.Who knows the answer？
2.She laughs at her.
3.They ate some apples.
4.Danny likes swimming.
5.I want to have a cup of tea.
易混点 1 ：只带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有：
suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine，finish， admit， excuse， delay， practise, consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk ，succeed in， be busy，be worth， be used to， give up， look
forward to
易混点 2 ：带 to do 做宾语的动词有：
offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem,agree, etc.
简单句型三：S＋V＋IO＋DO (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
S V (及物) IO (多指人) DO (多指物)
1.She passed him a new dress.
2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
3.I showed him my pictures.
4.I told him how to run the machine.
5.He showed me the bus over there.
此句型中常见的谓语动词：give buy bring tell send leave pass write take show get teach pay hand 等。
可借助to的: bring, give, lend, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
可借助for的：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save等。
He brings me cookies every day.
2. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
3. Grandma told us an interesting story last night.
4. Pass me the book,please
5. He showed the ticket to the conductor.
简单句型四：S＋V＋O＋C (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
S V (及物) O (宾语) C (宾补)
1.We keep the table clean.
2.What makes him sad？
3.We saw him out.
4.He asked me to come back soon.
5.I saw them getting on the bus.
注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：find/think/consider it +宾补+to do..
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
Both sides consider it desirable to further the understanding between the two peoples.
简单句型五：S＋V＋P (主＋系＋表)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
S Linking V (系动词) P (表语)
1.This is an English dictionary.
2.The dinner smells good.
3.He fell happy.
4.The book is interesting.
5.The weather became warmer.
[知识拓展] 6类系动词
(1)状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be (am, is, are, was, were)一词。
(2)持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。
(3)表象系动词，用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。
(4)感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。
(5)变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。
(6)终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out。
二、八大句子成分
英语句子由多个部分构成，各部分在句子中起着不同的作用，这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素。
主要句子成分：主语(subject)---s； 谓语(predicate)---v
次要句子成分：宾语(object)---o； 定语(attribute)---attr； 状语(adverbial)---adv；
补语(complement)-c; 表语(predicative)---p； 同位语(Appositive)等。
1 主语
概念和位置：句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，通常位于句首。
充当：通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
语序：正常：主语+谓语; 全部倒装：谓语+主语; 部分倒装：情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
What benefits most to their study is reading English books. (主语从句)（2022 全国乙卷满分作文 ）
The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. （名词）（2022年新高考I卷阅读）
...there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.（代词+倒装）（2022年新高考I卷读后续写）
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. （动名词短语）(2022新课标全国II卷七选五)
It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）(2022年乙卷书面表达）
2 谓语
概念和位置： 表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当，由简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。
一般位于主语之后。
充当：一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当，谓语有时态与语态的变化，同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约，如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （实义动词）（2022 全国甲卷 ） 复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.（情态动词+实义动词）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Food became easier to chew at this point. (系动词)（2022年新高考I卷）
3 宾语
概念：表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语；有的动词后可以跟两个宾语，其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。
位置: 位于及物动词或介词之后。
充当：通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to ...”（名词）（2022年新高考I卷）
I’d appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration. （代词it作形式宾语，if引导真正的宾语从句）（2022年新高考I卷）
...，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. （动名词短语）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. （宾语从句）（2022年新高考I卷）
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
4 表语
概念: 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与系动词一起构成复合谓语。
位置：位于系动词之后。
充当：通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。
Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance. （介词短语）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
Food became easier to chew at this point. （形容词）(2022年新高考I卷)
I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning....（方位副词）(2022年新高考I卷)
Needless to say, they were deeply moved.（分词）（2020年新课标I ）
The machine is out of order.(不定式)
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
5 定语
概念：修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语；
位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前，但是在修饰any-，some-，no， every-等构成的单词，如something 等时，应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。
充当：定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。
Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax.
（名词，非谓语, 形容词）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
（定语从句）（2022 新高考全国卷II ）
Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK.
（介词短语作后置定语）（2020全国甲卷 ）
To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.
（代词，介词）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.（非谓语，代词，非谓语分词作定语）（2022 全国乙卷 ）
6 状语
概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。
位置: 修饰整个句子时放于句首;修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后，若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后，放于实义动词之前。
充当：通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。
Additionally from time to time I will assign group work to be completed ..（副词）（2022年新高考I卷）
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.（从句）（2021年新高考I卷）
7 补语
概念和位置：有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，补语有两种，分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语，用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。
充当：常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.（形容词做宾补）（2022 高考全国甲卷）
2. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（名词短语作宾补）（2020浙江卷 ）
3. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students.
（过去分词短语作宾补）（2019江苏卷 ）
8 同位语
概念和位置：对句子中某一名词（词组）做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
充当：同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。
...we humans are.（2021 年新高考全国I 卷）
2. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. (名词)（2022 年高考全国乙卷）
My friend, Mary, bought a beautiful dress in the department last weekend. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
主语 同位语 谓语 定语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语
Part 2 高考英语读后续写题型分析及方法指导
Part1读后续写考情分析
"读后续写"是高考英语中新增加的一种写作题型，从2016年开始应用于高考综合改革试点省份的高考中、并且将随着高考综合改革试点的推广在全国范围内使用。在将来，越来越多的学生将会在高考英语中遇到读后续写这种题型。在开始学习如何进行读后续写之前，让我们先来了解一下读后续写这类写作题型的具体要求。
要求考生在理解一篇不完整文章的基础上，充分调动想象创新思维，大胆预测文章缺失部分的内容走势，进行充满个性色彩的设计，并用英语进行续写表达。所提供短文词数在350左右，划线词语涉及到名词(词组)、动词(词组)、介词(词组)和形容词等，其中，以名词(词组)为主，在续写中至少要使用5个关键词语，需要注意：在使用关键词语时根据时态和语态的需要，可以改变动词的形式，可以改变名词的单复数，但不要改变关键词语在原文中的含义和词性；多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但故事线索的逻辑性比较强。
1.创造性：即发挥想象力，该题型具有一定的开放性，考生需用自己的语言对故事情节进行内容创造；
2.逻辑性：即根据已提供的关键信息，按照可能的合理的方向续写，使文章逻辑结构完整；
3.丰富性：即语言能力的充分体现，词汇句法的准确与复杂程度，细节描写的生动性等都将让故事更加立体饱满。
1.读后续写题型解读
到目前为止，已经有许多省份在高考英语中开始了对读后续写的考查。下面我们以2017年6月浙江省高考真题为例，一起来分析一下读后续写的考查重点。
阅读下面的短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that’s a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of bear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac’s relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac’s bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase (追赶).
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
The car abruptly stopped in front of him.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
A few minutes later,the other two cyclists arrived.
__________________________________________________________________________________
从2017年浙江省高考真题中我们可以发现，读后续写的考试形式与教育部考试中心颁布的《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》（高考综合改革试验省份试用）中的描述相同，提供了一段350词以内的语言材料（体裁多以记叙文为主），故事没有结束但是留有线索，让考生得以缘写文章。题目要求考生根据已经给出的故事信息，结合已经写好的两个开头语，应用材料中5个以上标有下划线的关键词语，完成一篇约150词的作文（150词不包括已给出的两段的开头语）。
读后续写不是让考生毫无依据地编故事，而是要求考生在读懂原文的基础上，找到原文给出的线索，然后用丰富、准确的语言完成一篇与原文紧密结合的读后续写作文。总体来说，
2.读后续写写作特点
在进行读后续写时有以下几点需要考生注意∶
①重在描述
读后续写的重点在于情节描述。描述过程中应加入更多的具体动作和情感描写，用具体动作代模地名表达。同学们往往比较擅长写"结论性"语言，例如"Shefeltreallynervousand…"样的句子虽然在语法上没有错误，但是且按用形容词来表达会导致续写只呈现抽象的结论，而没有"画面械"、不会给读者留下深刻的印象。所以，同"们在进行读后续写时，一定要注重描述，讲究生动和画面感。本书第二章中为大家提供了一些用来描述情绪和动作的高频词（短语），希望大家能学以致用。
②关注语言
在高考英语写作中，考生所采用的句型结构在一定程度上会影响阅卷老师对考生写作水平的判断。考生尤其应该避免句型单一化、如通篇使用定语从句，因为这样会让阅卷老师觉得考生对各种句型掌握得不够充分。考生在进行读后续写时应该有意识地多使用不同的句型结构和语法点，比如非谓语、形容词作状语、虚拟语气等。本书第三章中对这些相关语法点进行了讲解。
③注意衔接
由于阅卷老师的阅卷时间十分有限，所以考生一定要在作文中使用清晰的逻辑衔接词，这样可以帮助老师快速抓住文章结构，促使老师更好地理解文章主旨，同时也可以显示出考生写作时严谨的逻辑。在读后续写当中，时间线索串联最为重要，例如uponone'sarrival、then、however、besides、while等衔接词，能够为文章提供明确的时间线索，很好地承接上下文，同学们在日常学习中应该多多积累。
④正向结局
从情节上来看，历年真题多以户外经历为主。考生需要注意设计的结局应是正向的化险为夷。例如，浙江省2016年11月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了简和丈夫野营时因吵架而走散迷路的故事，这个故事的结局应设计为简最终获救了;2017年6月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了马克和朋友骑车去阿拉斯加，朋友由于车坏而停下修车，马克单独前行却在途中遇到狼的故事，这个故事的结局应是马克最终成功脱险;2017年11月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了作者一家四口去祖父母家乡自驾旅游，作者的母亲很健忘，但结局应是由于母亲的健忘，途中发生了有趣的事情;2018年6月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了作者和父亲去西部荒原度假时骑马游玩、却在途中迷路的故事，结局应是作者和父亲平安找到了路。同学们在写作时一定要抓住文中线索，把握好故事发展方向。
对于读后续写这样的写作题型，同学们平时一定要多积累好词好句，进行大量的句子翻译练习，并且找到合适的写作步骤，这样才能在考场上有限的时间内完成一篇高分作文。
3.读后续写写作流程
为了让大家更好地理解，我们还是以2017年6月浙江省高考真题为例，梳理一下读后续写的写作步骤∶
①通读故事，梳理已知情节
材料中讲述了马克和朋友骑车去阿拉斯加，朋友由于车坏而停下修车，马克单独前行但是却在途中遇到狼的故事。
②对续写情节的大致走向作出判断
以正向结局为原则，本文的结局应设计为马克最终成功脱险。
③根据题目已知开头语确定文章类型
题目中给出的第一段开头是"这辆车突然停到他面前"，明显属于故事描述。接下来考生必然需要描述车停在马克面前，马克如何上车脱险。第二段的开头是"几分钟后，另外两个自行车骑手到了"，接下来可以写马克与朋友分享这次经历，并继续这次旅行，所以也可以处理成故事描写。
④梳理续写思路，选取下划线词汇及语法结构
第一段续写思路可以为;这辆车突然停到他面前（开头语）;保罗打开车门让马克上车;马克扔下自行车，冲上汽车;狼终于离开。
第二段续写思路可以为∶几分钟后，另外两个自行车骑手到了（开头语）;他们看到马克的自行车，听他讲述了这次经历;休息后，马克感谢了帮助他的人，与朋友们继续上路;一路上马克十分想念他的妻子和孩子，他想尽快跟他们分享这次旅程的经历。
范文欣赏
Paragraph 1:
The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Mac jumped off his bicycle and rushed to the door of the car. But before Mac could open the door, the wolf had caught up and jumped to attack. Luckily, the magic spray saved Mac a third time. Seeing the wolf back off, Paul quickly unlocked the door, and the frightened man climbed into the car in no time, shutting the door behind him heavily. Becky looked out of the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac’s bicycle as if it were a kill. Soon after, the animal ran off.
Paragraph 2:
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. Mac got out of the car and hugged his friends. “It was really a nightmare and I thought I was going to die,” said Mac in a shaky voice, tears gathering in his eyes. For him, life could never be more beautiful. After saying goodbye to Paul and Becky with gratitude, the three men continued their trip, agreeing never to separate again.
Part2读后续写评分标准、原则及解读
1.读后续写评分标准（新高考卷:七档）
第七档（22-25分）
———创造了丰富、合理 的内容,富有逻辑性,续写完整,与原文情 境融洽度高:
———使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达流畅,语言错 误很少,且完全不影响理解:
———自然有效地使用了段落间、句间衔接手段,全文结构清晰 ,前后呼应,意义连贯。
第六档（18-21分）
———创造了比较丰富、合理的内容,比较有逻辑性,续写比较完 整,与 原文情境融洽度较高:
———使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达比较流畅,有 个 别 错误,但不影响理解:
———比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段 ,全文结构比较清晰 ,意义比较连贯。
第五档（15-17分）
———创造 了 基 本 合 理 的 内 容 ,有 一 定 的 逻 辑 性,续 写 基 本 完 整 ,与 原 文 情境相关:
———使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达方式不够多 样 性,表 达 有 些许错误,但基本不影响理解:
———使用了语句间衔接手段,全文结构比较清晰,意义比较连贯。
第四档（11-14分）
———创造了基本完整的故事内容,但有的情节不够合理或 逻 辑 性 不 强,与原文情境基本相关:
———使用了简单的词汇和语法结构,有部分语言错误和不 恰 当 之 处,个 别部分影响理解:
———尚有语句衔接的意识,全文结构基本清晰,意义基本连贯。
第三档（6-10分）
———内容和逻辑上有一些 重大问题,续 写不够完整,与 原 文 有 一 定 程 度 脱节:
———所用的词汇有限,语法结构单调,错误较多且比较低级,影响理解:
———未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段,全文结构不够清晰,意义欠连贯。
第二档（1-5分）
———内容和 逻 辑 上 有 较 多 重 大 问 题 ,或 有 部 分 内 容 抄 自 原 文 ,续 写 不 完整,与原文情境基本脱节:
———所使用的词汇非常有限,语法结构单调,错误极多,严重影响理解:
———几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段,全文结构不清晰,意义不连贯。
第一档0分
———未作答:所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判:所写内 容 全 部 抄 自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
2.读后续写评分标准（浙江卷:五档）
第五档（21—25）
—与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
—内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
—所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不会影响意义表达。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第四档（16—20）
—与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。
—内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
—所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不会影响意义表达。
—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第三档（11—15）
—与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
—写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第二档（6—10）
—与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
—写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少内容连贯。
第一档（1—5）
—与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。
—产出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语。
—语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
0
白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
（1）评分原则
满分25分。 提供一段350词左右的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写(150词左右)，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
3.读后续写评分标准解读
从官方给出的评分标准来看，读后续写在评分过程中主要受以下四个因素影响，因此，考生要格外重视：
①与题目已给信息的衔接
考生在写作最初的构思过程中，应根据上半段故事情节给出的线索以及题目给出的段首语来构不能看完故事后立刻就开始编后半部分、把自己的故事生搬硬套进两个段落里面，这样会出现衔接不当的问题
②下划线词语的应用 （仅适用浙江卷）
建议把下划线词语按照词性分成名词、形容词和副词/动词三个类别。首先推荐使用名词，因为名词类别中常出现人名或物品名，基本都是故事情节里必须用到的，所以可以先使用名词。另外需要注意的是，根据往年的阅卷反馈来看，名词单复数变化和动词时态变化可计入下划线词;但是词性变化不计人下划线词。
③词汇和语法的应用
读后续写一般为记叙性文章，阅卷时会更加重视考生对词汇和语法的掌握。评分标准里对词汇和语法的要求是∶丰富、准确。词汇的丰富指的是词汇的多样性，比如表达开心不是全文都用happy，而是使用delighted、pleased等多样的形容词，也可以用smile、lightup等多样的动词（词组）或名词来表达。语法的丰富指的是句型的多样性，全文不都是简单句，也不都是用定语从句堆叠起来的长句子，而是能够灵活地使用三大从句、非谓语、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。除去词汇和语法准确的表达，正确的单词拼写、正确的时态和语态以及正确的句型应用才能让高级词汇和语法发挥出更好的作用。
④故事中的衔接成分
"衔接"这个部分，一直是所有考生最容易出现问题的地方。大部分考生在读后续写写作的初期都会只关注动作，觉得把情节写完就好了。但是只有情节，故事不一定通顺，读起来也会比较像流水账。这时候就需要加入一些衔接词，比如atthismoment，unfortunately等，来充当衔接成分，从而让情节变得更加通顺、层次丰富。
总的来说，考生若想在读后续写中拿到高分，除了简单地把故事写完、还必须要注意运用多样的词汇、句型和语法，使用至少5个下划线词语，并注意与两个段首句的衔接，以及故事情节中的衔接。
Part4 读后续写剧情设计的“七不”
1.不增加人物。
由考纲样题及近5年高考真题中所给的段落首句可知,续写的故事情节发展都是由原文的人物所推进,因此,强行增加人物有可能会偏离情节发展
2. 不增加旁支情节。
题目要求“考生根据所给情节进行续写”，旨在延续原材料的故事情节，并不是要发展新情节。
3.不用过多对话。在续写中展示对话,虽能丰富内容和语言, 增强语篇的连贯性, 但使用过多的对话,会显得篇幅累赘且很难在限定的词数里把整个后续的情节发展补充完整。
4.不用负能量结局。结局设计绝对不能负能量。内容应该积极向上, 能增长知识或传播正能量。如样题的结尾, 我们可以有两种设定:这个年轻人就是银行抢劫者,而Arthur因此成为一个大英雄; 或者Arthur误会了这个年轻人是银行抢劫犯,但最终警察们还是表扬了他见义勇为的行为。
5.不在文末设置悬念。题目要求是“使之构成一篇完整的短文”, 若在文末设置悬念, 就会给人一种还没结束的感觉，这样的故事是不完整的。
6.不偏离原文主题。续写的情节应时刻围绕着短文的主题去推进,如上面的样题, 由续写第二段首句提到的“警察局”可推测, 我们可以围绕勇气及正义的主题去进行续写。
7.不违背逻辑常理。情节和细节的想象要合理,符合生活常识及具有逻辑性。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
一、 指出下列句子的基本类型
主语＋谓语 2．主语＋谓语＋宾语 3．主语＋系动词＋表语
主语＋谓语＋双宾语(间宾 +直宾 ) 5．主语＋谓语＋复合宾语(宾 + 宾补)
1.Plants need water and sun.
2.The flowers are so fresh and beautiful.
3.The sun rises in the east.
4.He gave me some flowers.
5.We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.
6.Many animals live in trees.
7.Her mother looks very young.
8.She teaches us English.
9.The children are jumping and laughing happily.
10.Our teacher asked us to talk about thequestions in pairs.
11. He often tells me some interesting stories.
12.The students must keep their eyes closed.
二、指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分并总结出该句的基本句型结构。
They have worked for months and even years.
成分：
句型结构总结：
The film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work
成分：
句型结构总结：
I didn’t understand all of the traditional customs at first.
成分：
句型结构总结：
Traditional festivals teach us a lot about our nation’s history
成分：
句型结构总结：
Traditional festivals enable us to learn fine Chinese values
成分：
句型结构总结：
小结：从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括：
三、指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。(将划线部分的句子成分写在横线上)
1.Jack and Tom are doing their homework now.
2.Betty planted many trees and flowers on her farm
3.The boy under the tree is a policeman.
4.We went on a visit to the Great Wall last week
5.Yangjing was my best friend in my childhood.
6.He always walks in the park after supper with his wife.
7.Mary asked me to help her yesterday.
8.I bought my girlfriend a gold ring on her birthday.
9.Mr. Wei remains a doctor.
10.The boys and girls seemed excited when they heard the news.
四、读后续写
（2024·浙江·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Anybody have a bandage (绷带) ” a voice echoed down the dorm hallway. That was a common scene frequently happening in our first week at college when we were all experiencing “forgot-this-or-that.” I had forgot to bring snacks for late-night hunger. Some poor girl in the dorm had apparently forgotten bandages. We all felt a little displaced.
Several months before, I sat at my high school graduation party admiring my gifts and battling waves of post-high school emotions. The usual and beloved inspirational books were lying in disorder around my feet, silently announcing the wealth of wisdom they wished to share. A small pile of personal checks lay nearby. Laundry items, desk supplies, sewing things - all well-intentioned and well-received. They would demonstrate their givers’ thoughtfulness over and over during my college career.
But one gift struck me as strange. I frowned when I opened it. A first aid kit Inside it were a small packet of pills, pain-killers, creams, ointments (药膏), an insect sprayer (喷雾), a tape, pads of gauze (纱布)and bandages. Who would give that as a gift “You’ll need that once you’re at school,” Mom pointed out. “You won’t have to chase down the campus nurse for every cough. ”I shrugged at this thought.
Not long after, in August, I packed my life into a borrowed truck and slipped the first-aid kit in with my luggage. I barely thought about it once I reached campus, busy unpacking, book-buying, scheduling and meeting new friends.
One day, I was peacefully sitting in my room, absorbed in preparing my studies. The quiet atmosphere was suddenly broken by a sharp scream, “Anybody have a bandage Emily got her arm burnt!” The voice echoed through the dormitory hall, instantly throwing residents into a state of confusion and alarm.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I remembered my little first-aid kit.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Years later, I received a party invitation from a young friend who was graduating from high school.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part 1 单元语法讲义--短语
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life
Part 1 单元语法讲义--短语
一、常见短语
一）、名词短语(NP)
定义：名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。它是英语句子的核心成分。
1．常见名词短语的构成形式有：
(1)限定词＋名词 如：the girl
(2)限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词 如：a beautiful girl
(3)限定词＋名词＋介词短语 如：a beautiful campus of my school
(4)限定词＋描述性名词＋名词 如：my school life
二）、形容词短语
形容词短语，是指一个以形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
1．常见形容词短语的构成形式有：
(1)副词＋形容词 如：very suitable
(2)形容词＋enough 如：good enough
(3)形容词＋介词短语 如：good for nothing
(4)副词＋形容词＋介词 如：well worthy of praise
三）、副词短语
以副词为中心词的短语是副词短语。副词短语的结合方式是：修饰语＋副词，有时中心词之后还带有后置修饰语或补足成分。如：very carefully，pretty soon，far from the station等。
二、名词短语的句法功能：
(1)作主语
The interesting title of the article attracted a lot of readers.
这篇文章有趣的标题吸引了很多读者。
[温馨提示]
名词短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。
A number of books are on the desk.
The number of books is not large.
(2)作表语
How to fight against such a disease is a hot topic today.
怎样与那种疾病作斗争是今天的热点话题。
(3)作宾语
She bought her mother some flowers.
她给母亲买了一些花。
(4)作宾补
People considered him the better man for the work.
人们认为他比较适合干这项工作。
二、形容词短语可有如下句法功能：
(1)作定语，修饰名词或代词等
This is a most serious problem.
这是一个极其严重的问题。
(2)作表语
He is interested in watching TV.
他对看电视感兴趣。
(3)作宾语，英语中“the＋形容词”可以作为名词使用，担任动词的宾语，表示具有该形容词的特征、性质或者状态的人、事或物。
We should respect the old.
我们应该尊敬老年人。
(4)作宾补
I found the new film very interesting.
我发现新电影非常有趣。
三、副词短语在句子中常常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。
He is ill extremely seriously with a bad cancer.
他患了严重的癌症，病情极为严重。
He studies English most slowly of the three.
三个人中，他学英语学得最慢。
高考高频短语
1.above all 最重要的；首先
2.according to 根据
3.agree with sb. 同意某人的话
4.as a result 结果是
5.along with 和......一起
6.as well as 也，和......一样
7.apply to 适用于，应用
8.a group of 一群
9.aim to 旨在
10.at least 至少
11.at the same time 同时，然而
12.a handful of 一把，少数几个
13.as soon as 一.......就......
14.a range of 一系列
15.adapt to 适应
16.apply to 向……申请；适用于
17.apart form 除……之外尚有
18.as far as… 就……而言
19.as if 好像，仿佛
20.as though 好像，仿佛
21.as to 至于，关于
22.as well 也
23.aside from 除......之外
24.associate…with… 把……和......联系起来
25.at a loss 不知所措
26.at length 最终，详细地
27.at least 至少
28.add...to... 把.....添加到
29.......around the corner 即将到来
30.attach to （使）贴在......上;（使）依附
31.account for 说明原因；（在数量，比例上）占
be full of/be filled with 充满了be similar to 与......相似
32.be known as/be famous as 作为……而闻名
33.be known for 因……而出名
34.be known to 为……所知
35.be tired of/with 对……厌烦
36.He is tired of/with this kind of life.
37.=He is bored with this kind of life.
38.be terrified at 被……吓一跳
39.be crowded with 挤满
40.be dressed in 穿着
41.be equipped with 装备
42.be engaged in sth. 从事，忙于(=be busy with sth.)
43.be engaged to 与……订婚
44.be about to do sth. 正要做……
45.be worth doing 值得做……
46.be proud of 以……而骄傲
47.be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于……
48.be content to do sth./with…甘愿干……；满足于…
49.be up to 应由……，轮到……
50.be meant/intended for 打算给，打算用作
51.be connected with 与……有联系
52.be crazy about 对……狂热
53.be responsible for 对......负责；是......的原因
54.be eager to 渴望
55.be related to 与......相关
56.be associated with 与......有关
57.be close to 接近
58.be familiar with 对......熟悉
59.be different from 与......不同
60.base on 以......为基础
61.by the way 顺便说一下
62.benefit from 从......当中受益
63.call on 拜访某人，号召
64.call for 需要；要求；邀约(人)；取(物)
65.catch/take/get hold of sth. 抓住某物
66.catch up with 赶上
67.catch fire 着火；烧着
68.catch sight of 发现；看到
69.contribute to 捐献，促成，有助于compared to/with 与......相比
e up with 提出；想出
71.consist of 由......组成
72.come across 偶然碰到
73.同义词组：run across
e out 出来；出版
e true 实现
e back to life 苏醒过来
e to end 结束
78.consist of 由...组成
79.count on 指望
ment on 评论，发表意见152. commit to 交付，把……投入
81.dedicate…to... 奉献
82.depend on 依靠，取决于
83.deal/cope with 处理，应付
84.dozens of 几打；很多
85.due to 由于
86.even if/though 即使
87.figure out 想出；弄明白
88.far from 毫不，远非
89.favor of 喜欢
90.figure out 计算出，解决，理解
91.find out 查明
92.focus on 集中于
93.for sale 待售，出售
94.for the purpose of 为了...目的
95.for the sake of 为了...起见
96.frankly speaking 坦白来说
97.from all sides 从四面八方，全面地
98.from now on 从现在开始
99.free from 免于
100.follow suit 照着做，依葫芦画瓢
101.feel like 感觉像
102.get rid of 摆脱
103.give up 放弃
104.grow up 长大
105.go after 追求；设法得到
106.go ahead 进行；进展；做吧；说吧；先走
107.go against 违反；反对；违背
108.go away 走开；离开
109.go bad (食物等)变坏；坏掉
110.go by 走过；经过
111.go in for 参加(竞赛等)；从事(某项工作)；爱好，酷爱
112.go off 走开；变质；爆炸；(铃)响
113.go on 发生；进行；进展；继续下去
114.go out (火)熄灭；过时；被淘汰
115.go over 考虑；检查；重复
116.go through 审阅；检查；搜寻；经历；经过
117.have an impact on 对......有影响
118.in addition to 除......之外
119.in addition 此外，而且
120.instead of 代替，而不是
121.in time 及时
122.in case 以防
123.in order to 为了
124.lead to 导致;通向
125.lack of 缺乏
126.look for/search for 寻找
127.link... with... 把.......和.......连接
128.make sure 确保
129.more than 多于，超过
130.make a difference 有影响，有不同
131.make it 获得成功；到达
132. not…but… 不是…而是…
133.now that 既然，由于
134.on purpose 故意
135.on account of 由于
136. object to 反对
137.on one’s own 靠某人自己
138.owing to 由于
139. on behalf of 代表
140. on campus 在校园
141.on the average 平均地
142.on the basis of 根据，在……的基础上
143.on the contrary 相反
144.on the grounds of 以…为理由
145.on the other hand 另一方面
146.of course 当然
147.other than 除......以外
148.pick up 捡起；学会
149.plenty of 大量的
150.pay off 还清；获得成功
151.pass on 传递
152.pass by 去世
153.pay attention to 注意
154.put... to/into use 把......投入使用
155.point out 指出
156.prior to 在...之前
157.regardless of 尽管，不管
158.rather than 而不是
159.result in 导致
160.result from 由…产生
161.rely on 依赖
162.refer to 指的是
163. reflect on 思考，反省
164.remove…from… 把…从…去掉，撤职
165.regard...as... 把......视作......
166.so that 以便，为了
167.so far 到目前为止
168.suffer from 遭受
169.set about 开始，着手
170.set aside 留出
171.set back 推迟，延缓
172.set down 放下，记下
173.set forth 阐明，陈述
174.set off 出发，使爆炸
175.set out 陈列，显示，启程
176.similar to 与...相似
177. since then 从那时起
178.stick to 坚持，坚持，遵循
179.stir up 激起，挑起
180.such as 例如
181.side with站 在...一边，支持
182.turn out 结果是
183.take on 呈现，具有
184.take advantage of /make use of 利用
185.take off 起飞；脱下
186.take care of 照顾；照护
187.take a step 采取措施
188.take...for 把...看作...
189.take in 接受，吸收，欺骗
190.take on 呈现，从事
191.try on 试穿
192.turn...into... 把......变成......
193.take over 接管
194.take... into account 把......考虑进去
195.together with 一起
196.thanks to 多亏，由于
197.turn to sb 向某人求助
198.turn up 调大，出现
199.turn down 拒绝；调低(音量）
200.work out 计算出；锻炼
201.what is more 而且
Part 2 读后续写素材积累与练习
常见情绪描写
1.喜乐
①I was wild with joy.我欣喜若狂。
② I was pleased beyond description.我高兴得难以形容。
③ A ripple of excitement ran through them.一阵激动声穿过他们。
④ Laughter lingered around the room.笑声在房间里萦绕。
⑤ His eyes twinkled with pleasure.他的眼睛闪烁着快乐。
⑥ A wild gaiety（快乐）took hold of her.一种疯狂的快乐控制了她。
⑦ Unforgettable were her eyes that shone like diamonds and lips held in a steady smile.令人难忘的是她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光，嘴角保持着稳定的微笑。
2.愤怒
① I was seized by anger.我充满了愤怒。
② He glared at me with burning eyes.他用灼热的目光怒视着我。
③ His anger boiled over.他的愤怒爆发了。
④ He could hardly/scarcely contain his rage.他几乎控制不住怒火。
⑤ He was breathing fire and fury.他充满着怒火。
⑥ His voice trembled with anger.他的声音因愤怒而颤抖。
⑦ He gave me a look of burning anger.他愤怒地看了我一眼。
3.悲伤烦恼
①He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks.他静静地站着，眼泪顺着面颊流了下来。
② I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。
③ Her hands were shaking. She was on the verge of tears.她的手在颤抖。她快要哭了。
④ Hearing the news, so desperate was he that he drowned sadness in wine.听到这个消息，他绝望地把悲伤淹没在酒里。
⑤ She burst into tears and ran out of the room.她突然哭了起来，跑出了房间。
⑥ She sobbed, hiding her face in her hands.她掩面哭泣。
⑦ I tried to fight back tears. /My eyes were filled with tears.我努力忍住眼泪。/我的眼里充满了泪水。
4.害怕
①He turned to me, with his eyes full of horror.他转过身来，眼里充满了恐惧。
②Fear slowly creeps upon her.恐惧慢慢地蔓延到她身上。
③She was struck with horror when...她感到恐惧……
④ Her face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied.她脸色苍白地站在那里，舌头打结。
⑤A flood of fear welled up in him. / Fear flooded over him.他心中涌起一阵恐惧。/ 恐惧淹没了他。
⑧She shook all over, feeling like sitting on pins and needles.她浑身颤抖，觉得如坐针毡。
5. 紧张
①His palms began to sweat.他的手掌开始出汗。
②His heart was pounding faster than a running horse.他的心跳得比奔腾的马还快。
③His terror mounted with every step.他每走一步，恐惧就增加一分。
④ She fought a rising panic.她克服了越来越强的恐慌感。
⑤Her heart was uneasy.她的内心感到不安。
⑥Her heart almost leaped into her throat她的心快要跳到嗓子眼了。
⑦ He was in a complete state panic.他完全陷入一种恐慌状态。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
一、写出画线处的短语类型
1．We have a much better life now.
2．Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
3．She types quickly and correctly.
4．Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of scissors.
5．Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area.
6．The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world!
7．Nowadays young people never willingly let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.
8．It is obvious that the widespread and recognition of Western holidays is harmful to our traditional value.
9．Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
10．He can finish that much quicker.
【答案】1．名词短语 2．副词短语 3．副词短语 4．形容词短语 5．形容词短语 6．名词短语 7．副词短语 8．名词短语 9．形容词短语 10．副词短语
二、写出下列句子中划线部分判断其是的名词短语、形容词短语或副词短语, 并写出其句法功能。
1. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
2．Mr Smith is a man with bad manners.
3．She types quickly and correctly.
4．He runs extremely fast.
5．The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said.
6．The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes.
7．The little girl is staring at her mother, nervous and frightened.
8．These books for children are much too easy for adults to read.
9. The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world!
10．The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei.
11．She studies English very hard.
12．Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends.
13．He will travel to a beautiful city next month.
14．The exam was surprisingly easy.
15．He looked very worried.
16．Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both humans and animals.
17．John, an old friend of mine，comes from America.
【答案】1. 形容词短语
2．a man with bad manners为名词短语作表语 3．quickly and correctly 为副词短语作状语 4．extremely fast为副词短语作状语 5．too young为形容词短语作表语
clearly enough为副词短语作状语 6．a shoe store为名词短语作宾语big and tidy为形容词短语作表语
a pair of shoes为名词短语作宾语 7．The little girl为名词短语作主语nervous and frightened为形容词短语作状语 8．These books for children 为名词短语作主语much too easy为形容词短语作表语
9. 名词短语作宾语 10．名词短语;主语 11．副词短语;状语 12．名词短语;宾语 13．名词短语;宾语 14．形容词短语;表语 15．形容词短语;表语 16．名词短语;表语 17．名词短语;同位语
三、用所给词的适当形式修饰画线部分，并指出短语的词性。
1．Hearing the news, I as well as my classmates wore an expression. (annoy)
2．Jane felt anxious when it was beginning to rain. (real)
3．As a doctor, he is responsible for his patients.(very)
4．I’m hungry. I want a big piece of bread to eat.(terrible)
5．I have been living in the city for over ten years so I’m familiar with it.(quite)
6．When he was a teenager, an accident nearly took his life. (car)
7．Thanks to their work, the new bridge has been completed.(hard)
8．We planned to invite an expert to train these new workers.(famous)
9．He rushed out of the door quickly and disappeared in the darkness. (so)
10．With these machines, we finished the work ahead of schedule. (modern, advanced)
【答案】1．the annoying news(NP); an annoyed expression (NP) 2．really anxious (AdjP) 3．very responsible(AdjP) 4．terribly hungry(AdjP) 5．quite familiar(AdjP) 6．a car accident(NP) 7．hard work(NP) 8．a famous expert(NP) 9．so quickly (AdvP) 10．modern and advanced machines(NP)
四、（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Due to my unhealthy eating habits, I became fatter and fatter after college. My good friend Anoush was a running enthusiast. So he advised me to lose weight by running. I didn’t agree at first until he promised to accompany me to run although he was busy with his work.
Seven years later, I got more serious about running. And I dreamed to participate in Boston Marathon. Anoush encouraged me to realize my dream. He also said he enjoyed running too and wanted to attend the same marathon with me. Every day we spared our time to practise hard and did about 2 marathons a year, during which time Anoush gave me much professional guidance and encouragement. And then one day, both of us qualified for the 2017 Boston Marathon. We were excited but unfortunately, several weeks before the marathon, we had a serious quarrel. Even I swore never to talk with him in the future.
The day came. Anoush and I stood at the starting line. He said, “Good luck! You will certainly finish the marathon.” Hearing his words, I looked at him, saying, “It’s none of your business.”
Then we started running. I had strong mental confidence by using positive self-talk when running distances, which has helped me finish 18 marathons. Soon, I passed Anoush.
But I struggled in the heat starting at mile 16. I felt most of my oxygen went to the muscle in my legs and less in my brain, which made me feel a bit lightheaded and fuzzy(迷迷糊糊的). I continually encouraged myself. “Just get to the finish, run bold, and you will win,” all phrases that I say to myself didn’t work any more.
Gradually I felt out of breath and had to slow down my pace. As I ran down the famous last stretch of the Boston Marathon on Boylston Street, I fell down on the ground with my legs moving like jello(果冻).
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just then, I felt that someone picked me up.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When Anoush and I crossed the finish line, the audience at present applauded.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Just then, I felt that someone picked me up. Turing around, I found it was Anoush who helped me up. A wave of embarrassment swept over me and I was even at a loss at that moment. “Just stand up and go on to run. I will keep you company.” Anoush encouraged me with a big smile on his face. Looking into his faithful eyes, I realized that he was not cheating me and that he was really helping me. He just forgot the quarrel between us. I stood up and began to run with him.
When Anoush and I crossed the finish line, the audience at present applauded. Without any preparation, I was hugged by Anoush tightly. Suddenly, I felt regretful to break up with him. Then, I mustered up my courage to say sorry to Anoush. “Thank you and I am so sorry to you, my dear friend. I should not have quarreled with you.” “Just forget it. You know, we are good friends.” Anoush said. I felt more than happy and lucky to have such a friend in my life. Though quarrels between friends could not be avoided, as long as we have him/her in our mind, we would be good friends forever.
【导语】本文以人物为中心展开，主要讲述作者的朋友阿努什（Anoush）一直都在陪伴他锻炼身体进行减肥，最后两个人还一起报名参加了马拉松。但就在比赛前的几周，两个人却因为争吵而关系破裂了。在比赛开始的时候，阿努什还鼓励作者。作者并没有理睬他。跑到16英里的时候，作者身体感到不适。在最后一段时，作者摔倒在地。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“就在那时，我觉得有人把我拉起来了。”可知，第一段可描写阿努什帮助作者坚持跑到终点线。
②由第二段首句内容“当我和阿努什冲过终点线时，在场的观众报以掌声。”可知，第二段可描写作者和朋友道歉并和好的事情。
2. 续写线索：帮助——完成——感谢并道歉——原谅——和好——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①陪伴某人：keep sb company/ accompany sb
②鼓励：encourage/ support
③鼓起勇气：muster up one’s courage/ pluck up one’s courage
情绪类
①后悔的：regretful/ repentant
②高兴的：happy/ glad
【点睛】【高分句型1】Looking into his faithful eyes, I realized that he was not cheating me and that he was really helping me.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Though quarrels between friends could not be avoided, as long as we have him/her in our mind, we would be good friends forever.（由Though引导的让步状语从句和as long as引导的条件状语从句）Part 1 单元语法讲义--短语
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life
Part 1 单元语法讲义--短语
一、常见短语
一）、名词短语(NP)
定义：名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。它是英语句子的核心成分。
1．常见名词短语的构成形式有：
(1)限定词＋名词 如：the girl
(2)限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词 如：a beautiful girl
(3)限定词＋名词＋介词短语 如：a beautiful campus of my school
(4)限定词＋描述性名词＋名词 如：my school life
二）、形容词短语
形容词短语，是指一个以形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
1．常见形容词短语的构成形式有：
(1)副词＋形容词 如：very suitable
(2)形容词＋enough 如：good enough
(3)形容词＋介词短语 如：good for nothing
(4)副词＋形容词＋介词 如：well worthy of praise
三）、副词短语
以副词为中心词的短语是副词短语。副词短语的结合方式是：修饰语＋副词，有时中心词之后还带有后置修饰语或补足成分。如：very carefully，pretty soon，far from the station等。
二、名词短语的句法功能：
(1)作主语
The interesting title of the article attracted a lot of readers.
这篇文章有趣的标题吸引了很多读者。
[温馨提示]
名词短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。
A number of books are on the desk.
The number of books is not large.
(2)作表语
How to fight against such a disease is a hot topic today.
怎样与那种疾病作斗争是今天的热点话题。
(3)作宾语
She bought her mother some flowers.
她给母亲买了一些花。
(4)作宾补
People considered him the better man for the work.
人们认为他比较适合干这项工作。
二、形容词短语可有如下句法功能：
(1)作定语，修饰名词或代词等
This is a most serious problem.
这是一个极其严重的问题。
(2)作表语
He is interested in watching TV.
他对看电视感兴趣。
(3)作宾语，英语中“the＋形容词”可以作为名词使用，担任动词的宾语，表示具有该形容词的特征、性质或者状态的人、事或物。
We should respect the old.
我们应该尊敬老年人。
(4)作宾补
I found the new film very interesting.
我发现新电影非常有趣。
三、副词短语在句子中常常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。
He is ill extremely seriously with a bad cancer.
他患了严重的癌症，病情极为严重。
He studies English most slowly of the three.
三个人中，他学英语学得最慢。
高考高频短语
1.above all 最重要的；首先
2.according to 根据
3.agree with sb. 同意某人的话
4.as a result 结果是
5.along with 和......一起
6.as well as 也，和......一样
7.apply to 适用于，应用
8.a group of 一群
9.aim to 旨在
10.at least 至少
11.at the same time 同时，然而
12.a handful of 一把，少数几个
13.as soon as 一.......就......
14.a range of 一系列
15.adapt to 适应
16.apply to 向……申请；适用于
17.apart form 除……之外尚有
18.as far as… 就……而言
19.as if 好像，仿佛
20.as though 好像，仿佛
21.as to 至于，关于
22.as well 也
23.aside from 除......之外
24.associate…with… 把……和......联系起来
25.at a loss 不知所措
26.at length 最终，详细地
27.at least 至少
28.add...to... 把.....添加到
29.......around the corner 即将到来
30.attach to （使）贴在......上;（使）依附
31.account for 说明原因；（在数量，比例上）占
be full of/be filled with 充满了be similar to 与......相似
32.be known as/be famous as 作为……而闻名
33.be known for 因……而出名
34.be known to 为……所知
35.be tired of/with 对……厌烦
36.He is tired of/with this kind of life.
37.=He is bored with this kind of life.
38.be terrified at 被……吓一跳
39.be crowded with 挤满
40.be dressed in 穿着
41.be equipped with 装备
42.be engaged in sth. 从事，忙于(=be busy with sth.)
43.be engaged to 与……订婚
44.be about to do sth. 正要做……
45.be worth doing 值得做……
46.be proud of 以……而骄傲
47.be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于……
48.be content to do sth./with…甘愿干……；满足于…
49.be up to 应由……，轮到……
50.be meant/intended for 打算给，打算用作
51.be connected with 与……有联系
52.be crazy about 对……狂热
53.be responsible for 对......负责；是......的原因
54.be eager to 渴望
55.be related to 与......相关
56.be associated with 与......有关
57.be close to 接近
58.be familiar with 对......熟悉
59.be different from 与......不同
60.base on 以......为基础
61.by the way 顺便说一下
62.benefit from 从......当中受益
63.call on 拜访某人，号召
64.call for 需要；要求；邀约(人)；取(物)
65.catch/take/get hold of sth. 抓住某物
66.catch up with 赶上
67.catch fire 着火；烧着
68.catch sight of 发现；看到
69.contribute to 捐献，促成，有助于compared to/with 与......相比
e up with 提出；想出
71.consist of 由......组成
72.come across 偶然碰到
73.同义词组：run across
e out 出来；出版
e true 实现
e back to life 苏醒过来
e to end 结束
78.consist of 由...组成
79.count on 指望
ment on 评论，发表意见152. commit to 交付，把……投入
81.dedicate…to... 奉献
82.depend on 依靠，取决于
83.deal/cope with 处理，应付
84.dozens of 几打；很多
85.due to 由于
86.even if/though 即使
87.figure out 想出；弄明白
88.far from 毫不，远非
89.favor of 喜欢
90.figure out 计算出，解决，理解
91.find out 查明
92.focus on 集中于
93.for sale 待售，出售
94.for the purpose of 为了...目的
95.for the sake of 为了...起见
96.frankly speaking 坦白来说
97.from all sides 从四面八方，全面地
98.from now on 从现在开始
99.free from 免于
100.follow suit 照着做，依葫芦画瓢
101.feel like 感觉像
102.get rid of 摆脱
103.give up 放弃
104.grow up 长大
105.go after 追求；设法得到
106.go ahead 进行；进展；做吧；说吧；先走
107.go against 违反；反对；违背
108.go away 走开；离开
109.go bad (食物等)变坏；坏掉
110.go by 走过；经过
111.go in for 参加(竞赛等)；从事(某项工作)；爱好，酷爱
112.go off 走开；变质；爆炸；(铃)响
113.go on 发生；进行；进展；继续下去
114.go out (火)熄灭；过时；被淘汰
115.go over 考虑；检查；重复
116.go through 审阅；检查；搜寻；经历；经过
117.have an impact on 对......有影响
118.in addition to 除......之外
119.in addition 此外，而且
120.instead of 代替，而不是
121.in time 及时
122.in case 以防
123.in order to 为了
124.lead to 导致;通向
125.lack of 缺乏
126.look for/search for 寻找
127.link... with... 把.......和.......连接
128.make sure 确保
129.more than 多于，超过
130.make a difference 有影响，有不同
131.make it 获得成功；到达
132. not…but… 不是…而是…
133.now that 既然，由于
134.on purpose 故意
135.on account of 由于
136. object to 反对
137.on one’s own 靠某人自己
138.owing to 由于
139. on behalf of 代表
140. on campus 在校园
141.on the average 平均地
142.on the basis of 根据，在……的基础上
143.on the contrary 相反
144.on the grounds of 以…为理由
145.on the other hand 另一方面
146.of course 当然
147.other than 除......以外
148.pick up 捡起；学会
149.plenty of 大量的
150.pay off 还清；获得成功
151.pass on 传递
152.pass by 去世
153.pay attention to 注意
154.put... to/into use 把......投入使用
155.point out 指出
156.prior to 在...之前
157.regardless of 尽管，不管
158.rather than 而不是
159.result in 导致
160.result from 由…产生
161.rely on 依赖
162.refer to 指的是
163. reflect on 思考，反省
164.remove…from… 把…从…去掉，撤职
165.regard...as... 把......视作......
166.so that 以便，为了
167.so far 到目前为止
168.suffer from 遭受
169.set about 开始，着手
170.set aside 留出
171.set back 推迟，延缓
172.set down 放下，记下
173.set forth 阐明，陈述
174.set off 出发，使爆炸
175.set out 陈列，显示，启程
176.similar to 与...相似
177. since then 从那时起
178.stick to 坚持，坚持，遵循
179.stir up 激起，挑起
180.such as 例如
181.side with站 在...一边，支持
182.turn out 结果是
183.take on 呈现，具有
184.take advantage of /make use of 利用
185.take off 起飞；脱下
186.take care of 照顾；照护
187.take a step 采取措施
188.take...for 把...看作...
189.take in 接受，吸收，欺骗
190.take on 呈现，从事
191.try on 试穿
192.turn...into... 把......变成......
193.take over 接管
194.take... into account 把......考虑进去
195.together with 一起
196.thanks to 多亏，由于
197.turn to sb 向某人求助
198.turn up 调大，出现
199.turn down 拒绝；调低(音量）
200.work out 计算出；锻炼
201.what is more 而且
Part 2 读后续写素材积累与练习
常见情绪描写
1.喜乐
①I was wild with joy.我欣喜若狂。
② I was pleased beyond description.我高兴得难以形容。
③ A ripple of excitement ran through them.一阵激动声穿过他们。
④ Laughter lingered around the room.笑声在房间里萦绕。
⑤ His eyes twinkled with pleasure.他的眼睛闪烁着快乐。
⑥ A wild gaiety（快乐）took hold of her.一种疯狂的快乐控制了她。
⑦ Unforgettable were her eyes that shone like diamonds and lips held in a steady smile.令人难忘的是她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光，嘴角保持着稳定的微笑。
2.愤怒
① I was seized by anger.我充满了愤怒。
② He glared at me with burning eyes.他用灼热的目光怒视着我。
③ His anger boiled over.他的愤怒爆发了。
④ He could hardly/scarcely contain his rage.他几乎控制不住怒火。
⑤ He was breathing fire and fury.他充满着怒火。
⑥ His voice trembled with anger.他的声音因愤怒而颤抖。
⑦ He gave me a look of burning anger.他愤怒地看了我一眼。
3.悲伤烦恼
①He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks.他静静地站着，眼泪顺着面颊流了下来。
② I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。
③ Her hands were shaking. She was on the verge of tears.她的手在颤抖。她快要哭了。
④ Hearing the news, so desperate was he that he drowned sadness in wine.听到这个消息，他绝望地把悲伤淹没在酒里。
⑤ She burst into tears and ran out of the room.她突然哭了起来，跑出了房间。
⑥ She sobbed, hiding her face in her hands.她掩面哭泣。
⑦ I tried to fight back tears. /My eyes were filled with tears.我努力忍住眼泪。/我的眼里充满了泪水。
4.害怕
①He turned to me, with his eyes full of horror.他转过身来，眼里充满了恐惧。
②Fear slowly creeps upon her.恐惧慢慢地蔓延到她身上。
③She was struck with horror when...她感到恐惧……
④ Her face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied.她脸色苍白地站在那里，舌头打结。
⑤A flood of fear welled up in him. / Fear flooded over him.他心中涌起一阵恐惧。/ 恐惧淹没了他。
⑧She shook all over, feeling like sitting on pins and needles.她浑身颤抖，觉得如坐针毡。
5. 紧张
①His palms began to sweat.他的手掌开始出汗。
②His heart was pounding faster than a running horse.他的心跳得比奔腾的马还快。
③His terror mounted with every step.他每走一步，恐惧就增加一分。
④ She fought a rising panic.她克服了越来越强的恐慌感。
⑤Her heart was uneasy.她的内心感到不安。
⑥Her heart almost leaped into her throat她的心快要跳到嗓子眼了。
⑦ He was in a complete state panic.他完全陷入一种恐慌状态。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
一、写出画线处的短语类型
1．We have a much better life now.
2．Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
3．She types quickly and correctly.
4．Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of scissors.
5．Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area.
6．The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world!
7．Nowadays young people never willingly let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.
8．It is obvious that the widespread and recognition of Western holidays is harmful to our traditional value.
9．Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
10．He can finish that much quicker.
二、写出下列句子中划线部分判断其是的名词短语、形容词短语或副词短语, 并写出其句法功能。
1. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
2．Mr Smith is a man with bad manners.
3．She types quickly and correctly.
4．He runs extremely fast.
5．The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said.
6．The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes.
7．The little girl is staring at her mother, nervous and frightened.
8．These books for children are much too easy for adults to read.
9. The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world!
10．The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei.
11．She studies English very hard.
12．Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends.
13．He will travel to a beautiful city next month.
14．The exam was surprisingly easy.
15．He looked very worried.
16．Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both humans and animals.
17．John, an old friend of mine，comes from America.
三、用所给词的适当形式修饰画线部分，并指出短语的词性。
1．Hearing the news, I as well as my classmates wore an expression. (annoy)
2．Jane felt anxious when it was beginning to rain. (real)
3．As a doctor, he is responsible for his patients.(very)
4．I’m hungry. I want a big piece of bread to eat.(terrible)
5．I have been living in the city for over ten years so I’m familiar with it.(quite)
6．When he was a teenager, an accident nearly took his life. (car)
7．Thanks to their work, the new bridge has been completed.(hard)
8．We planned to invite an expert to train these new workers.(famous)
9．He rushed out of the door quickly and disappeared in the darkness. (so)
10．With these machines, we finished the work ahead of schedule. (modern, advanced)
四、（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Due to my unhealthy eating habits, I became fatter and fatter after college. My good friend Anoush was a running enthusiast. So he advised me to lose weight by running. I didn’t agree at first until he promised to accompany me to run although he was busy with his work.
Seven years later, I got more serious about running. And I dreamed to participate in Boston Marathon. Anoush encouraged me to realize my dream. He also said he enjoyed running too and wanted to attend the same marathon with me. Every day we spared our time to practise hard and did about 2 marathons a year, during which time Anoush gave me much professional guidance and encouragement. And then one day, both of us qualified for the 2017 Boston Marathon. We were excited but unfortunately, several weeks before the marathon, we had a serious quarrel. Even I swore never to talk with him in the future.
The day came. Anoush and I stood at the starting line. He said, “Good luck! You will certainly finish the marathon.” Hearing his words, I looked at him, saying, “It’s none of your business.”
Then we started running. I had strong mental confidence by using positive self-talk when running distances, which has helped me finish 18 marathons. Soon, I passed Anoush.
But I struggled in the heat starting at mile 16. I felt most of my oxygen went to the muscle in my legs and less in my brain, which made me feel a bit lightheaded and fuzzy(迷迷糊糊的). I continually encouraged myself. “Just get to the finish, run bold, and you will win,” all phrases that I say to myself didn’t work any more.
Gradually I felt out of breath and had to slow down my pace. As I ran down the famous last stretch of the Boston Marathon on Boylston Street, I fell down on the ground with my legs moving like jello(果冻).
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just then, I felt that someone picked me up.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When Anoush and I crossed the finish line, the audience at present applauded.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part 1 单元语法讲义--现在进行时表将来
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Unit 2 Travelling Around
Part 1 单元语法讲义--现在进行时表将来
一、现在进行时表将来
1.用位移动词
位移动词是表示位置移动的动词，一般可以用现在进行时表示在最近按计划或安排要发生的动作。位移动词的进行时可以表示将来的动作，但指的是不久的将来。例如：go, come, leave, arrive, fly, land, start, return, join, die等。
We’re leaveing for Beijing this evening.
The train is coming soon.
The plane is arriving in 10 minutes.飞机将在10分钟内到达。
2.还有一些非位移动词也可用现在进行时表示将来，如do，buy，
meet，have，play，spend等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。
The old lady is meeting her old friend this afternoon.
They are spending their summer holiday in Yunnan.
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
有关五官表情的描写
1.有关head的表情描写
drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head 低下头
nod one’s head 低头
shake one’s head 摇头
scratch one’s head 挠头 scratch [skr t] 抓；挠
rest one’s head on 把头靠在...上面
bury one’s head 把头埋起来
clear one’s head 清醒一下头脑
feel one’s head spinning 觉得天旋地转 spin [spin] 旋转;眩晕
head for/towards 朝...走去
2.有关face的表情描写
a bright smile 灿烂的笑容
one’s face brightened 某人的脸上焕发出了光彩
one’s face grow serious表情变得严肃
one’s face looked a little confused 某人看起来有点因惑
one's face burned with embarrassment. 某人的脸窘得满脸通红
one’s face paled with fright 某人的脸吓得都白了
3.有关cheek的表情描写
one’s cheeks burning with shame 某人因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧
one’s cheeks are wet with tears 某人泪流满面
color rushed/flooded to one’s cheeks 某人涨红了脸
a tear slid down one’s cheek 一滴泪顺着某人的脸颊滑落下来
kissed sb on both cheeks 亲了某人的脸颊
4. 有关eye的表情描写
one’s eyes are wide with horror 某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛
one’s eyes shine with excitement 某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒
one’s eyes filled with tears 某人的眼里充满泪水
one’s eyes fall on someplace 某人的目光落在..
look at sb straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛
one’s eyes fix on ...... 某人的目光紧盯着......
one’s eyes scan ...... 某人的眼睛扫视......
one’s eyes dropped to ...... 某人垂下眼睛看着......
5.有关mouth的表情描写
open one’s mouth 张开嘴
hide one’s yawn 打哈欠
cup one’s mouth 扣住某人的嘴
stuff one’s mouth with something 用......填满嘴巴
drop open in surprise惊奇地张大了嘴
start watering 开始流口水
heart be in one’s mouth紧张得心都到了喉咙眼
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
1．I’m sure that your letter (get) immediate attention. They know you are waiting for the reply. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．They (go) fishing if it doesn’t rain this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．The Chinese teacher (grade) the writing assignments tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Our headmaster said that there (be) a sports meeting next month. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．Alice said to me that she (stay) in her hometown for two more days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time.(所给词的适当形式填空)
7．Last Sunday he promised he (come) but he hasn’t arrived until now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．—What did your son say in the letter
—He told me that he (visit) the Disney World the next day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．He told me that he (go) to Beijing tomorrow.(所给词的适当形式填空)
10．We were not sure whether they were going (grow) more vegetables. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．Father said that he (take) me to Beijing the next year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．I hoped Tina (come) to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he (be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
14．From the time I met Alicia, I knew she the next big thing in the technology world. (be) (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．When the Internet first appeared, few people believed that it (become) popular. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．Tom was my leader and he promised that he (help)me if necessary. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．I didn’t know when she (come), but when she came I would let you know. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．The professor told us that he (leave) for Canada for an important meeting the next Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．He didn’t know that the experience (change) his whole life in the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．She said that the bus (leave) at seven next morning.(所给词的适当形式填空)
读后续写
（2024·黑龙江吉林·模拟预测）
Crab Lessons
My son Geordi was a rather spirited boy. Very little held his attention for long. He spent most of his spare time thinking up new ways to scare me half to death. Like the time he decided to “surf” on a tiny plastic table that was meant to hold a few drinks rather than a six-year-old boy. Geordi had just begun learning about the ocean in school and was surprisingly fascinated by it. We lived in Delaware, so any discussion about the ocean usually included horseshoe crabs, which crowded our coasts to mate in the late spring.
As part of the lesson, Geordi’s teacher brought horseshoe crab shells (壳) to school for the children to touch and examine. Hearing that horseshoe crabs had been around for over 300 million years, even before the dinosaurs, Geordi thought that was officially the coolest thing he had ever heard. He could not stop talking about it for days, and I decided it was time for us to take a drive to the Delaware Bay.
As we stepped out from the car, strong wind nearly blew my poor forty-five-pound child to the ground. Being a six-year-old mischievous (调皮的) boy, Geordi saw this as an opportunity to showcase his amazing talents, which included falling down, getting up, falling down and, yes, getting up again. This, of course, was always complete with giggles (咯咯笑). The drama came to a sudden stop as Geordi spied the dozens of army-truck-looking creatures in the sand. The next sound effect was “Wow!” as his body froze and his eyes widened with wonder.
Geordi ran around excitedly, not knowing which one to check out first. He settled on a horseshoe crab that was on its back, legs waving wildly in the air, desperate for water. “Mom, look at this one!” he screamed. “He’s cool!” I pointed out the different body parts of the crab for him, and he listened quietly and absorbed the information. He said, “I really liked him. I think I will name him Spike because he had all those really cool, spiky (尖的) things on his back.” Then I picked up the crab, turned it over to its proper position and placed it at the edge of the water.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Geordi asked what I was doing.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Geordi spotted many more horseshoe crabs on their backs.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part 1 单元语法讲义--现在进行时表将来
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Unit 2 Travelling Around
Part 1 单元语法讲义--现在进行时表将来
一、现在进行时表将来
1.用位移动词
位移动词是表示位置移动的动词，一般可以用现在进行时表示在最近按计划或安排要发生的动作。位移动词的进行时可以表示将来的动作，但指的是不久的将来。例如：go, come, leave, arrive, fly, land, start, return, join, die等。
We’re leaveing for Beijing this evening.
The train is coming soon.
The plane is arriving in 10 minutes.飞机将在10分钟内到达。
2.还有一些非位移动词也可用现在进行时表示将来，如do，buy，
meet，have，play，spend等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。
The old lady is meeting her old friend this afternoon.
They are spending their summer holiday in Yunnan.
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
有关五官表情的描写
1.有关head的表情描写
drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head 低下头
nod one’s head 低头
shake one’s head 摇头
scratch one’s head 挠头 scratch [skr t] 抓；挠
rest one’s head on 把头靠在...上面
bury one’s head 把头埋起来
clear one’s head 清醒一下头脑
feel one’s head spinning 觉得天旋地转 spin [spin] 旋转;眩晕
head for/towards 朝...走去
2.有关face的表情描写
a bright smile 灿烂的笑容
one’s face brightened 某人的脸上焕发出了光彩
one’s face grow serious表情变得严肃
one’s face looked a little confused 某人看起来有点因惑
one's face burned with embarrassment. 某人的脸窘得满脸通红
one’s face paled with fright 某人的脸吓得都白了
3.有关cheek的表情描写
one’s cheeks burning with shame 某人因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧
one’s cheeks are wet with tears 某人泪流满面
color rushed/flooded to one’s cheeks 某人涨红了脸
a tear slid down one’s cheek 一滴泪顺着某人的脸颊滑落下来
kissed sb on both cheeks 亲了某人的脸颊
4. 有关eye的表情描写
one’s eyes are wide with horror 某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛
one’s eyes shine with excitement 某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒
one’s eyes filled with tears 某人的眼里充满泪水
one’s eyes fall on someplace 某人的目光落在..
look at sb straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛
one’s eyes fix on ...... 某人的目光紧盯着......
one’s eyes scan ...... 某人的眼睛扫视......
one’s eyes dropped to ...... 某人垂下眼睛看着......
5.有关mouth的表情描写
open one’s mouth 张开嘴
hide one’s yawn 打哈欠
cup one’s mouth 扣住某人的嘴
stuff one’s mouth with something 用......填满嘴巴
drop open in surprise惊奇地张大了嘴
start watering 开始流口水
heart be in one’s mouth紧张得心都到了喉咙眼
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
1．I’m sure that your letter (get) immediate attention. They know you are waiting for the reply. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will get
【详解】考查时态。句意：我相信你的信会立即得到重视。他们知道你在等回信。根据“immediate attention. They know you are waiting for the reply”可知，get“得到”这一动作发生在将来，that引导的宾语从句时态用一般将来时。故填will get。
2．They (go) fishing if it doesn’t rain this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will go
【详解】考查时态。句意：如果今天下午不下雨，他们就去钓鱼。句子为if引导的条件状语从句，从句为一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，故填will go。
3．The Chinese teacher (grade) the writing assignments tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will grade
【详解】考查时态。句意：语文老师明天将批改作文作业。根据“tomorrow”可知，谓语动词应该使用一般将来时，故填will grade。
4．Our headmaster said that there (be) a sports meeting next month. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would be
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们校长说下个月将有一次运动会。根据主句谓语said和从句时间状语next month可知，从句系动词be应用过去将来时，表示从过去的角度看将要发生的事情。故填would be。
5．Alice said to me that she (stay) in her hometown for two more days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would stay
【详解】考查时态。句意：爱丽丝告诉我她将在家乡再待两天。根据主句时态可知，用过去时态。再根据从句时间状语for two more days可知，用过去将来时。根据句意，故填would stay。
6．I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would deliver
【详解】考查时态。句意：我不敢肯定邮递员是否会准时给我送来包裹。“wasn’t sure whether...” 表示“不确定是否……”，这里whether引导宾语从句，主句时态是一般过去时，结合“主过从过”的原则，从句的时态可以使用过去将来时 would deliver，表示“邮递员是否会按时给我送包裹”。故填would deliver。
7．Last Sunday he promised he (come) but he hasn’t arrived until now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would come
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上星期天他答应来的，可到现在还没有到。promised后面为省略了that的宾语从句，缺少谓语动词，结合promised和but he hasn’t arrived until now可知，表示相对于过去将要发生的动作，此处使用过去将来时。故填would come。
8．—What did your son say in the letter
—He told me that he (visit) the Disney World the next day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would visit
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你儿子在信里说了什么？——他告诉我他第二天要去迪斯尼乐园。分析句子可知，句子为that引导的宾语从句，主句为一般过去式，根据从句中the next day可知，从句动作为从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，句式为“主语+would+动词原形”，“visit”意为“参观”，动词词性，故填would visit。
9．He told me that he (go) to Beijing tomorrow.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would go
【详解】考查时态。句意：他告诉我他明天要去北京。根据句中told可知，主句使用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态，且结合从句中的tomorrow可知，从句描述的动作从过去看，在将来某一时刻发生，应用过去将来时，即would go。故填would go。
10．We were not sure whether they were going (grow) more vegetables. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to grow
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们不确定他们是否会种植更多的蔬菜。根据句意和前文were not sure及were going可知，此处应用to grow和前文were going构成过去将来时。故填to grow。
11．Father said that he (take) me to Beijing the next year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would take
【详解】考查时态。句意：父亲说第二年他要带我去北京。设空处在宾语从句中作谓语，根据前文said和后文the next year可知，此处应用过去将来时，表示从过去看将要发生的事情。故填would take。
12．I hoped Tina (come) to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would come
【详解】考查时态。句意：我希望蒂娜下周三能准时来参加我的生日聚会。根据前文hoped和后文the next Wednesday可知，此处应用过去将来时，表示从过去某时间看将要发生的动作。故填would come。
13．Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he (be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
【答案】was going to be /would be
【详解】考查时态。句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦出生于1879年。当他还是个孩子的时候，很少有人想到他会成为一个著名的科学家，他的理论会改变世界。这里用过去将来时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。故填was going to be /would be。
14．From the time I met Alicia, I knew she the next big thing in the technology world. (be) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would be
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：从我见到艾丽西娅的那一刻起，我就知道她将成为科技界的下一个大人物。分析句子结构可知，本句是省略that的宾语从句，be作从句谓语，根据next big thing可知，应用将来时，根据knew知，用过去将来时。故填would be。
15．When the Internet first appeared, few people believed that it (become) popular. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would become
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当互联网刚出现的时候，很少有人相信它会变得流行起来。过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，构成为：would+动词原形。动词become意为“变得”。根据语境和believed可知，that引导的宾语从句时态用过去将来时。故填would become。
16．Tom was my leader and he promised that he (help)me if necessary. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would help
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：汤姆是我的领导，他答应必要时他会帮助我。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由主句动词promised可知，此处也要用相应的过去时态，结合句意可知，从句表示过去将要发生的事情，用过去将来时，为would do。故填would help。
17．I didn’t know when she (come), but when she came I would let you know. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would come
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你的。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，此处动词come应发生在将来，结合主句动词didn’t know可知，此处应为过去将来时。故填would come。
18．The professor told us that he (leave) for Canada for an important meeting the next Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would leave/was leaving
【详解】考查时态。句意：教授告诉我们他下星期五要去加拿大参加一个重要的会议。由told可知，整件事描述过去发生的事，且由the next Friday可知，此处表示过去某一时间将要发生的事，应用过去将来时would do，动词leave，come，go等词的过去进行时也可表示过去将来时，主语是he，be动词应用was，故填would leave/was leaving。
19．He didn’t know that the experience (change) his whole life in the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would change
【详解】考查时态。句意：他不知道的是，他的经历会改变未来的一生。根据句子分析可知，此处作谓语动词，主语为the experience，且此处意为“将会改变”，故应用将来时，且根据前文didn't know可知，此处应用过去将来时，故填would change。
20．She said that the bus (leave) at seven next morning.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was leaving/would leave
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她说公共汽车第二天早上七点离开。根据时间状语“the next morning”和“said”可知，that从句用过去将来时，leave“离开”为表示位移的动词，故可使用其进行时表示将来，主语the bus为第三人称单数，be动词用was。过去将来时也可用“would+动词原形”表示。故填was leaving或would leave。
读后续写
（2024·黑龙江吉林·模拟预测）
Crab Lessons
My son Geordi was a rather spirited boy. Very little held his attention for long. He spent most of his spare time thinking up new ways to scare me half to death. Like the time he decided to “surf” on a tiny plastic table that was meant to hold a few drinks rather than a six-year-old boy. Geordi had just begun learning about the ocean in school and was surprisingly fascinated by it. We lived in Delaware, so any discussion about the ocean usually included horseshoe crabs, which crowded our coasts to mate in the late spring.
As part of the lesson, Geordi’s teacher brought horseshoe crab shells (壳) to school for the children to touch and examine. Hearing that horseshoe crabs had been around for over 300 million years, even before the dinosaurs, Geordi thought that was officially the coolest thing he had ever heard. He could not stop talking about it for days, and I decided it was time for us to take a drive to the Delaware Bay.
As we stepped out from the car, strong wind nearly blew my poor forty-five-pound child to the ground. Being a six-year-old mischievous (调皮的) boy, Geordi saw this as an opportunity to showcase his amazing talents, which included falling down, getting up, falling down and, yes, getting up again. This, of course, was always complete with giggles (咯咯笑). The drama came to a sudden stop as Geordi spied the dozens of army-truck-looking creatures in the sand. The next sound effect was “Wow!” as his body froze and his eyes widened with wonder.
Geordi ran around excitedly, not knowing which one to check out first. He settled on a horseshoe crab that was on its back, legs waving wildly in the air, desperate for water. “Mom, look at this one!” he screamed. “He’s cool!” I pointed out the different body parts of the crab for him, and he listened quietly and absorbed the information. He said, “I really liked him. I think I will name him Spike because he had all those really cool, spiky (尖的) things on his back.” Then I picked up the crab, turned it over to its proper position and placed it at the edge of the water.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Geordi asked what I was doing.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Geordi spotted many more horseshoe crabs on their backs.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Geordi asked what I was doing. I explained to him that if the crab got stuck on its back and could not get back to the water soon, it would die. Horseshoe crabs, I told him, are very important in many ways. Their eggs are a great food source for birds, and their shells and blood have special medical properties that can help many people. Besides, it didn’t seem right to let a species that had survived so long just dry up in the sun. Geordi listened intently, his eyes sparkling with concern. He then bent down and cautiously touched Spike’s shell with his finger, murmuring, “Go home, Spike.” We watched the horseshoe crab slowly make his way back into the ocean.
Geordi spotted many more horseshoe crabs on their backs. He decided that we should help them all. Without fear or hesitation, he began picking up stuck horseshoe crabs and turning them over, and helped me carry them to the water. He was extra careful and gentle, worried that he may hurt one. His sincere concern for the horseshoe crabs touched my heart. When the job was done and it was time to leave, Geordi asked, “Do you think we will ever see Spike again ” “Maybe,” I said, “but now that we have helped him, we know he will be okay even if we don’t see him again.”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和儿子乔迪去海边观察马蹄蟹，作者教导了儿子关于马蹄蟹的知识以后，儿子决定帮助海滩上被困的马蹄蟹，作者也被儿子的行动感动。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“乔迪问我在做什么”可知，第一段可描写作者教导了儿子关于马蹄蟹的知识。
②由第二段首句内容“乔迪在他们的背上发现了更多的马蹄蟹”可知，第二段可描写儿子采取行动帮助马蹄蟹以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：好奇询问——作者解释——儿子认真倾听——帮助马蹄蟹——作者被触动——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①完成：do/finish/accomplish
②看到：see/spot/notice
③伤害：hurt /injure
情绪类
①小心：cautiously/carefully
②真诚：sincere/heartfelt
【点睛】[高分句型1] He decided that we should help them all. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] “Maybe,” I said, “but now that we have helped him, we know he will be okay even if we don’t see him again.”(运用了even if引导宾语从句和now that引导原因状语从句)Part 1 单元语法讲义--反意疑问句
Part 2 读后续写素材积累--四大主题升华结尾句
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
Part 1 单元语法讲义--反意疑问句
一、附加疑问句的定义
附加疑问句，又称反义疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者建议。
二、附加疑问句的构成
附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。
组成 例句
肯定式陈述部分＋否定附加疑问部分 You like TF boys, don’t you She likes playing basketball, doesn’t she
否定式陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分 It’s not a real machine, is it She wasn’t a good teacher, was she
含有否定词的陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分 She hardly does Chinese exercises, does she Nobody knew the true reason, did it
祈使句＋附加疑问部分 Don’t swimming here, will you Come here and sit down, will you Let’s do some housework, shall we Let us do some housework, will you
三、附加疑问句的回答
附加疑问句的使用场景是说话者向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，或者在祈使句中表达请求或者建议，这种表达方式在我们口语中非常不常见，因为我们汉语语系很少会向对方验证自己的观点，这是因为很多人说话要么很绝对，要么没底气，如果能把英语的附加疑问句学好，并灵活运用于我们的日常对话中，无论在我们中文对话中还是英语对话中都会显得很谦虚、很地道。
肯定句的附加疑问句：
标准公式：—肯定句，否定附加疑问句？
—Yes，主语 + 助动词.（是 + 肯定回答）；No，主语 + 助动词否定.（不 + 否定回答）
e.g. -Lily played League of Legends in her university, didn’t she 李丽在她大学期间玩游戏，是吗？
-Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 是的，她玩过。/ 不是，她没玩过。
否定句的附加疑问句：
标准公式：—否定句，肯定附加疑问句？
—Yes，主语 + 助动词.（不 + 肯定回答）；No，主语 + 助动词否定.（不 + 否定回答）
e.g. -Lucy isn’t a good girl, is she
露西不是一个好女孩，是吗？
-Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
不，她是。/ 是，她不是。
e.g. -The match between two schools won’t be held in June 2021, will it
两个学校间的比赛将不会再2021年6月举办，是吗？
-Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
不，它会。/ 是，它不会。
祈使句的附加疑问句用法同上
三、附加疑问句的特殊用法
陈述部分含有never、hardly、seldom、no、nothing、nobody、neither、few、little等表示否定或半否定意义的词时，附加疑问部分用肯定形式。
Nothing will change his discussion，will it？
He seldom came here，did he？
陈述部分用了带否定前缀或后缀的词时，仍看做肯定，附加疑问部分用否定形式。
He dislikes music，doesn't he？
当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词something、anything、nothing、everything时，附加疑问部分的主语用it.
Everything has gone wrong today，hasn't it？
当陈述部分的主语是表示人的不定代词everyone、everybody、anyone、anybody、no one、someone、somebody时，附加疑问部分的主语常用they.
Everyone worked hard for it，didn't they？
No one knows that singer，do they？
当陈述部分的主语含指示代词this、that、those、these时，附加疑问部分的主语用相应的人称代词，即this、that对应用it，those、these对应用they.
This/that book belongs to you，doesn't it？
These/those books are yours，aren't they？
当陈述部分的主语是指人的one时，附加疑问部分的主语用one或you.
One has a duty to serve the people，doesn't one/don't you？
陈述部分含有must的时候，附加疑问部分的处理分三种情况:
A.陈述部分中的must表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用mustn't.
We must turn in the report tomorrow，mustn't we？（必须）
B.陈述部分中的must表示“有必要”时，附加疑问部分用needn't.
We must drink more water to prevent illness，needn't we？（有必要）
C.陈述部分中的must表示“一定、肯定”的推测时，附加疑问部分通常要根据陈述部分表达的意思，借助相应的be动词或助动词：
a.如果陈述部分表示对现在情况的推测（must be、must have、must know等），附加疑问部分借助于be动词或助动词；
Tom must be in danger，isn't he？（一定，对现在的推测）
b.如果陈述部分表示对过去情况的推测（must have done），附加疑问部分用表示一般过去时的助动词did；
It must have rained last night，didn't it？（一定，对过去的推测）
c.如果陈述部分表示对已经完成的情况的推测（must have done），附加疑问部分用表示现在完成时的助动词have/has.
He must have studied English for many years，hasn't he？(一定，对已经完成的情况的推测)
如果陈述部分是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般要与主句保持一致；但是当陈述部分是“I am sure/am afraid/think/suppose/believe...加宾语从句”结构时，附加疑问部分要与宾语从句保持一致，而且要注意宾语从句部分的否定转移现象（从句的否定转移到主句中）。
He said that the key was lost，didn't he？
I don't believe he cares about clothes，does he？（宾语从句的否定转移到主句中）
如果陈述部分是并列句，附加疑问部分遵循就近原则，通常和后面的分句保持一致。
I like apples，but my mother likes bananas，doesn't she？
陈述部分是肯定祈使句时，附加疑问部分一般用will you/won't you/can you/can't you；
陈述部分是否定祈使句时，附加疑问部分一般用will you.
Come and join us, will/won't/can/can't you？
Don't open the window，will you？
陈述部分是以Let's开头的祈使句时，附加疑问部分用shall we；
陈述部分是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句时，附加疑问部分用will you.
Let's go home together，shall we？
Let us/me go home，will you？
陈述部分是There be句型或其变体时，附加疑问部分的“主语”用there，附加疑问部分的be动词/助动词/情态动词要和There后的动词保持一致。
There are no living things on the moon，are there？
There stands a big tree behind the house，doesn't there？
陈述部分含有had better时，附加疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't.
You had better turn to your teacher when in trouble，hadn't/shouldn't you？
当陈述部分是以I am开头时，附加疑问部分用aren't I，在正式用语中，也会用am I not；
当陈述部分是以I am not开头时，附加一疑问部分用am I.
I'm tired，aren't I？
I'm not tired，am I？
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
读后续写之主题升华结尾句
一、助人与善举主题升华
1. Sometimes，a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
2. At times, a small gesture of care will possibly melt people's loneliness.
3. After all, everyone has bad days and good days. Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.
4. Never had I anticipated that a random act of kindness would inject such great power into others and change their life.我从来没有预料到，一个偶然的善举会给别人注入如此巨大的力量，改变他们的生活。
5. No good deed ever goes wasted. Therefore，share your love from your heart today and fill your love with acts of kindness.
6. One simple act of kindness is a blessing for both the giver and the receiver.
7. Never underestimate the power of your action. With one small gesture, you may not only spread love, but also positively influence others' life.
8. It dawned on me that a moment of kindness could mean so much to another, and that a simple act could make a great difference to the world.我恍然大悟，那一刻的善良对另一个人来说意义重大，而一个简单的行为可以让世界不一样。
9.From then on, I made up my mind to pass on "love" to others. Just as a saying goes:"Rose given and fragrance in hands."从那时起，我就决定把“爱”传递给别人。正如一句谚语所说：“赠人玫瑰，手留余香。”
10. With a small gesture ,we can change a person's life, for better or for worse. No act of kindness, however small, will go wasted.通过一个小小的善具我们可以改变一个人的生活，无论好坏，无论多么微小的善举都不会被浪费。
二、个人成长主题升华
1. I knew for sure that every time I lost patience in the future I would remember my grandfather's words.
我确信，将来每当我失去耐心时，我都会记起祖父的话。
2. The world makes way for the dreamer.
世界总会给有梦想的人开路。
3. Each man is the architect of his own fate.
每个人都是自己命运的建筑师。
4. Don't always complain about people. Try to look on the bright side.
不要总是抱怨别人。尽量往好的方面想。
5. Actually, every individual possesses talent. Be brave when you find it and also make efforts. You can create miracles in the end.
事实上，每个人都有天赋。发现它的时候要勇敢，也要付出努力，最终你会创造奇迹。
6. As long as you have a dream, just go for it, and never give it up easily. Your dream might not come true in one or two days, but it will someday.
只要你有梦想，就去追求，不要轻易放弃。你的梦想可能不会在一两天内实现，但总有一天会实现。
7. The golden sunlight slid in Ada's room, lighting her face as well as the future path for her to follow the dream of pursuing her dream.
金色的阳光照进艾达的房间，照亮了她的脸，也照亮了她追寻梦想的未来之路。
8. In the same way, we need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some sufferings if we really wish to spread our wings and fly.
同样的，我们需要奋斗来成长和生存。如果我们真的想展翅飞翔，就必须经历磨难。
亲情友情主题升华
Not to mean a greeting, not to shya hug, get close to our families, cherish this extraordinary and noble affection.
不要吝啬一个问候，不要害羞一个拥抱，亲近我们的家人，珍视这平凡而又高贵的亲情，那是生世最真最切的永恒。
Every time I faced challenges, a thought of giving up flashed in my mind, but the support of my family gave me the strength to keep going.
每次面对挑战，我都想放弃，但是家人的支持给了我继续前进的力量。
Through their journey, the teacher's impact on the student went beyond the classroom, teaching them valuable lessons about perseverance, kindness, and the pursuit of dreams.
在他们的旅程中，老师对学生的影响超越了教室，教给他们有关坚持、善良和追求梦想的宝贵教训。
They realized that true friends are always there for each other, supporting an celebrating one another, creating a bond that lasts a lifetime.
他们意识到真正的朋友总是彼此支持和庆祝，建立了一种持久的纽带。
Through thick and thin, they discovered the beauty of friendship,finding comfort laughter, and a sense of belonging in each other's company.
在顺境和逆境中，他们发现了友谊的美，从对方身上找到了安慰、欢笑和归属感。
Their friendship grew stronger as they embraced each other's imperfections and stood by each other's side.
随着彼此接纳对方的不完美并始终相互支持，他们的友谊变得更加牢固。
7.There is no shame in admitting our mistakes or forgiving each other because we are a family.
承认错误或原谅彼此并不可耻，因为我们是一家人。
8.She felt warmth in the cold day，and believed there was kindness in every corner.
她在寒冷的天气里感到了温暖，相信每个角落都有善意。
9.If you take your friends for granted，you may not have friends for very long.
如果你把朋友视为理所当然，那你也许不会有长久的友情。
10. It was at that moment that I had a full understanding of the significance of family.
就是在那一刻，我完全明白了家庭的重要性。
四、历险脱困主题升华
1.That day was so unforgettable that it would stay in my memory forever.
那天是如此难忘，它将永远留在我的记忆。
2.Only then did I realize that it was bravery that can conquer whatever difficulty came in the way. 直到那时，我才意识到，正是勇敢才能克服一切困难。
3.It occurred to me that helping others was priceless and everyone should be a lifeguard.
我突然想到，帮助别人是无价的，每个人都应该是一个救生员。
Life will hit us unexpectedly, but there is always someone to help us out and there is always hope waiting for us.
生活总会出乎意料地打击我们，但总有人帮助我们，总有希望在等着我们。
5. We will meet various challenges in life, but we should never give up easily. Just as the famous saying goes, sunshine always comes after the rain.
人生中我们会碰到各种挑战，但是不要轻易放弃。正如名言所说，风雨后总能见阳光。
What a narrow escape!
好险的一次死里逃生啊!
Never had I fallen into such a dangerous situation. The experience was deeply engraved in my mind and reminded me to respect the nature.
我从来没有陷入过这样危险的境地。这段经历深深地刻在了我的脑海里，提醒我要尊重自然。
Even you are suffering from the darkest moment, you should focus to seek the light.
即使你正在遭受最黑暗的时刻，你也应该集中精力寻找光明。
Only then did I realize that actions can cure fear and bravery can conquer difficulties.
那时我才意识到行动可以治愈恐惧，勇敢可以征服困难。
Sitting in the guestroom, I found it really blissful to be accompanied by our beloved ones.
坐在客房里，我发现有我们心爱的人陪伴真的很幸福。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
反意疑问句
1．Few people in America knew the poor village, they (变成反意疑问句)
【答案】did
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：在美国很少有人知道这个贫穷的村庄，是吗？反意疑问句的构成是：前肯后否，前否后肯；如果句子中有半否定词few，little，seldom，hardly和全否定词nothing，never等时，反问部分为肯定；该句属于前否后肯，时态是一般过去时，助动词用did，故答案为：did。
2．She must be a good English teacher, (用适当的词填空)
【答案】isn’t she
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：她一定是一位很好的英语老师，不是吗？此处为反意疑问句，主句是肯定句，反意疑问句应用否定，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，反意疑问句通常会重复前面同样的情态动词，但是当情态动词为must时，且must表示推测时，反意疑问句需要根据must后面的动词结构采取相应的动词形式，主语是she，be动词应用is，故填isn’t she。
3．Don’t refer to your notes when answering questions, you (用适当的词填空)
【答案】will
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：回答问题时不要看笔记，好吗？此处是反意疑问句，陈述部分是祈使句的否定式，疑问部分用“will you”，故填will。
4．I am sure that you’ve done jumping Jacks, . (用适当的词填空)
【答案】haven’t you
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：我肯定你做过开合跳，是吗？观察题干可知，空格处是反义疑问句，I am sure that后的反义疑问句根据that从句中的客观事实来定，遵循前肯后否的原则，由you’ve可知，空格处是haven’t you。故填haven’t you。
5．Let’s go and listen to music, . (附加疑问句)
【答案】shall we
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：让我们去听音乐，好吗？祈使句为Let’s+动词原形时，反意疑问句用shall we。故填shall we。
6．We can play football, we
【答案】can’t
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：我们可以踢足球，不是吗？反意疑问句主要形式之一：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式。根据空前的can play可知，疑问部分用情态动词can，且用否定形式。故填can’t。
7．That sounds interesting, it (用适当的词填空)
【答案】doesn’t
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：听起来很有趣，不是吗？反意疑问句主要形式之一：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式。根据空前的sounds可知，疑问部分用一般现在时，且用否定形式，且结合空后的it可知，助动词用doesn’t。故填doesn’t。
8．He isn’t coming, he
【答案】is
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：他不来了，是吗 分析句子的结构可知，设空处为反义疑问句，采取“前否后肯，前否后肯”的原则，其结构为：be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。空前为isn’t，设空处应为肯定。故填is。
9．You forgot to book a room in advance, you (用适当的词填空)
【答案】didn't
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：你忘记提前预定房间了，是吗？分析句子 ，设空处与you构成反意疑问句的结构，根据前文的forgot可知，句子为一般过去时，同时反意疑问句符合“前肯后否”的原则。故填didn't。
10．I don’t expect you can finish the work in three days, (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 can you
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：我不指望你能在三天内完成这项工作，是吗？此处反意疑问句的陈述部分为I expect + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致，且此处为宾语从句的否定转移，从句为否定，反意疑问句应用肯定，用can you。故填can you。
11．Let’s look at these views in more detail, we (用适当的词填空)
【答案】shall
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：让我们更详细地看一下这些观点，好吗？分析句子结构，Let’s用于表示征求对方的意见时，附加部分应使用shall we，故填shall。
12．These athletes have won championship in many sports events, (附加疑问句)
【答案】 haven’t they
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：这些运动员在许多运动项目中赢得了冠军，不是吗？反意疑问句的构成是：陈述部分+疑问部分，陈述部分为肯定形式，反意疑问句部分为否定形式，助动词have的否定形式是haven’t，主语为these athletes，对应的人称代词为they。故填①haven’t；②they。
13．We should win not only gold medals but also honour and glory for our country, (附加疑问句)
【答案】 shouldn’t we
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：我们不仅应该赢得金牌，还应该为我们的国家赢得荣誉和光荣，不是吗？反意疑问句遵循前肯后否，前否后肯的原则，本句有情态动词should，用should的否定式进行反问。故填①shouldn’t；②we。
14．Gymnastics has been one of her favorite sports events since childhood, (附加疑问句)
【答案】 hasn't it
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：体操是她从小就喜欢的运动项目之一，不是吗 反意疑问句是前肯后否，前否后肯的原则，前面的助动词是has，主语Gymnastics是事物单数，用it代替，故填hasn't；it。
15．There will be badminton match in the new stadium, (附加疑问句)
【答案】 won’t there
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：在新体育场将有一场羽毛球比赛，不是吗？There be句型的反意疑问句部分为，be/情态动词/助动词+there，陈述句为一般将来时，助动词用will，陈述句部分是肯定形式，疑问句部分为否定形式won’t。故填①won’t；②there。
16．You used to see her a lot, you (用适当的词填空)
【答案】usedn’t/didn’t
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：你过去常见她，不是吗？含有used to的陈述句的反意疑问句用usedn’t或didn’t进行意问。故填usedn’t/didn’t。
17．Everybody knows what happiness means, (用适当的附加疑问句填空)
【答案】doesn’t he/don’t they
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：每个人都知道幸福意味着什么，不是吗？反意疑问句的构成是前肯，后否。陈述部分的主语为 somebody, nobody, anybody, everybody时，反义问句主语用they，有时用he。句中陈述部分是Everybody knows，疑问部分要用doesn’t he/don’t they，故填doesn’t he/don’t they。
18．Have a little more coffee, you (用适当的词填空)
【答案】will/won’t
【详解】考查祈使句的反义疑问句。句意：请再喝点咖啡，好吗？祈使句表示邀请时，反意疑问句可以用won’t you，也可以用will you。故填will/won’t。
19．They will leave for Beijing tomorrow night, they （用适当的词填空）
【答案】won’t
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：他们明天晚上去北京，是吗 分析句子结构可知，本句是反意疑问句句型，陈述句部分是肯定句，所以疑问句部分应用否定句。故填won’t。
20．It must be he that has stolen Mr. Smith’s purse, it (用适当的词填空)
【答案】isn’t
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：一定是他偷了史密斯先生的钱包，对吗 强调句型的反意疑问句，现在或将来用isn’t it 过去用wasn’t it 根据must be和句意可知，是对现在事情的推测，所以用一般现在时。故填isn’t。
21．There are no museums in our city, （完成句子）
【答案】are there
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：我们城市没有博物馆，是吗？分析句子结构可知，此处应为反意疑问句，陈述句为否定句，且为there be句形，所以反意疑问句部分为肯定句，疑问句语序，即把are放在句首。故填are there。
22．There is little water in the cup, （完成句子）
【答案】is there
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：杯子里几乎没有水，是吗？分析句子结构可知，此处应为反意疑问句，陈述句为否定句，且为there be句形，所以反意疑问句部分为肯定句，疑问句语序，即将is放在句首。故填is there。
23．You don’t think he will come today, (反意疑问句)
【答案】will he
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：你认为他今天不会来，是吗？分析句子结构，主句You don’t think he will come today为否定迁移句子，在含有I think （believe，suppose ...）that ...结构的句子中，其反意疑问句的肯定与否定形式看主句，反意疑问部分的主谓形式，须与从句的主语、谓语保持一致。故填will he。
24．Joe can speak English and French very well, he （用适当的词填空）
【答案】can’t
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：Joe能说英语和法语，难道不是吗？根据前文的情态动词can可知，此处反意疑问应用否定形式can’t，故填can’t。
25．You must have studied English for many years, (用适当的词填空)
【答案】haven’t you
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：你一定学了很多年英语，对吧？根据反意疑问句“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则可知，空处需要用否定形式； 当must用来表示对过去的情况进行推测时，如果强调动作的完成，则反意疑问句部分要用haven't/hasn't+主语，主语为You，反意疑问句需要保持一致。故填haven't you。
读后续写
（2024·安徽·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In a small town lives an old man named Mr. Benson. He lives alone. He has a big scar on his face that makes him look a little scary. No one talks to him, and no one helps him carry his things up the difficult stairs to his home.
Mr. Benson does not have any friends. He is not married. But one day, a new family moves into the neighborhood. They are a nice couple, Mr. and Mrs. Clarence, and their children, Amanda and David. They move into the building where Mr. Benson lives.
The other people who live in the building welcome the new family. They say hello to Amanda and David, but they tell them not to talk to Mr. Benson. “He is a scary old man. He has no friends and he has a strange scar.”
Amanda, David, and their parents think this is very silly advice. When they see Mr. Benson in the hallway or in the street outside their building, they always say hello with a smile and ask how he is feeling today.
Mr. Benson is very happy to see them. He tells them they are always welcome in his home. He gives Amanda and David some delicious cupcakes to eat.
Mr. and Mrs. Clarence always help Mr. Benson with his groceries, and Amanda and David like to sit and drink tea with him. He tells wonderful stories! He was once a very famous chef, and he makes the most delicious desserts in the whole world, in Amanda’s opinion.
One evening, all the neighbors in the building hear laughter and the sounds of cups and plates and silverware in Mr. Benson’s apartment. They are very confused! It sounds like a delightful dinner. They all wonder why they are not invited.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day, Mrs. Clarence talks to her neighbors.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon, they all enjoy Mr. Benson’s delicious cakes every weekend at their dinners.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The next day, Mrs. Clarence talks to her neighbors. “You really must get to know Mr. Benson. He is so funny! And he is a fantastic chef. He told us the amazing story of his scar. He had an accident when he was helping his parents on their farm.” The neighbors all feel very silly. They do not know anything about Mr. Benson. They all start to follow the examples the Clarences gave them.
Soon, they all enjoy Mr. Benson’s delicious cakes every weekend at their dinners. Everyone brings something to these weekly dinners, and they share their food and their time with each other. What they love most of all are Mr. Benson’s funny stories! As they watch Amanda and David play and laugh with Mr. Benson, the neighbors all see that there was nothing to be afraid of. They were not kind to the old man, and he is really a good person. Everyone in the building is happier because of the good example the Clarence family set for them. They all live better together now, and Mr. Benson does not feel lonely anymore because he is now part of the community.
【导语】本文以事件发展为线索展开，讲述了一个孤独的老人Mr. Benson因为新搬来的Clarence一家而改变了邻里对他的看法和态度，最终融入社区的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天，克拉伦斯太太和她的邻居们聊天。”可知，第一段可描写克拉伦斯太太和邻居们讲述与本森先生的相处，并邀请他们一起吃饭。
②由第二段首句内容“很快，他们每个周末都在晚餐时享用本森先生的美味蛋糕。”可知，第二段可描写邻居们和本森先生一起吃饭的情景以及大家的感悟。
2.续写线索：Clarence夫人与邻居对话——介绍Benson——邻居们的感受和决定——社区的变化——周末晚餐——Benson成为社区的一部分——Benson的感受
3.词汇激活
行为类
①讲述：tell about/relate
②邀请：invite/extend an invitation
③分享：share/divide
情绪类
①高兴：delighted/joyful
②孤独：lonely/isolated
【点睛】[高分句型1]. When they see Mr. Benson in the hallway or in the street outside their building, they always say hello with a smile and ask how he is feeling today.（由when引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. What they love most of all are Mr. Benson’s funny stories.（使用了连接代词what连接的主语从句）Part 1 单元语法讲义--反意疑问句
Part 2 读后续写素材积累--四大主题升华结尾句
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
Part 1 单元语法讲义--反意疑问句
一、附加疑问句的定义
附加疑问句，又称反义疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者建议。
二、附加疑问句的构成
附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。
组成 例句
肯定式陈述部分＋否定附加疑问部分 You like TF boys, don’t you She likes playing basketball, doesn’t she
否定式陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分 It’s not a real machine, is it She wasn’t a good teacher, was she
含有否定词的陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分 She hardly does Chinese exercises, does she Nobody knew the true reason, did it
祈使句＋附加疑问部分 Don’t swimming here, will you Come here and sit down, will you Let’s do some housework, shall we Let us do some housework, will you
三、附加疑问句的回答
附加疑问句的使用场景是说话者向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，或者在祈使句中表达请求或者建议，这种表达方式在我们口语中非常不常见，因为我们汉语语系很少会向对方验证自己的观点，这是因为很多人说话要么很绝对，要么没底气，如果能把英语的附加疑问句学好，并灵活运用于我们的日常对话中，无论在我们中文对话中还是英语对话中都会显得很谦虚、很地道。
肯定句的附加疑问句：
标准公式：—肯定句，否定附加疑问句？
—Yes，主语 + 助动词.（是 + 肯定回答）；No，主语 + 助动词否定.（不 + 否定回答）
e.g. -Lily played League of Legends in her university, didn’t she 李丽在她大学期间玩游戏，是吗？
-Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 是的，她玩过。/ 不是，她没玩过。
否定句的附加疑问句：
标准公式：—否定句，肯定附加疑问句？
—Yes，主语 + 助动词.（不 + 肯定回答）；No，主语 + 助动词否定.（不 + 否定回答）
e.g. -Lucy isn’t a good girl, is she
露西不是一个好女孩，是吗？
-Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
不，她是。/ 是，她不是。
e.g. -The match between two schools won’t be held in June 2021, will it
两个学校间的比赛将不会再2021年6月举办，是吗？
-Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
不，它会。/ 是，它不会。
祈使句的附加疑问句用法同上
三、附加疑问句的特殊用法
陈述部分含有never、hardly、seldom、no、nothing、nobody、neither、few、little等表示否定或半否定意义的词时，附加疑问部分用肯定形式。
Nothing will change his discussion，will it？
He seldom came here，did he？
陈述部分用了带否定前缀或后缀的词时，仍看做肯定，附加疑问部分用否定形式。
He dislikes music，doesn't he？
当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词something、anything、nothing、everything时，附加疑问部分的主语用it.
Everything has gone wrong today，hasn't it？
当陈述部分的主语是表示人的不定代词everyone、everybody、anyone、anybody、no one、someone、somebody时，附加疑问部分的主语常用they.
Everyone worked hard for it，didn't they？
No one knows that singer，do they？
当陈述部分的主语含指示代词this、that、those、these时，附加疑问部分的主语用相应的人称代词，即this、that对应用it，those、these对应用they.
This/that book belongs to you，doesn't it？
These/those books are yours，aren't they？
当陈述部分的主语是指人的one时，附加疑问部分的主语用one或you.
One has a duty to serve the people，doesn't one/don't you？
陈述部分含有must的时候，附加疑问部分的处理分三种情况:
A.陈述部分中的must表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用mustn't.
We must turn in the report tomorrow，mustn't we？（必须）
B.陈述部分中的must表示“有必要”时，附加疑问部分用needn't.
We must drink more water to prevent illness，needn't we？（有必要）
C.陈述部分中的must表示“一定、肯定”的推测时，附加疑问部分通常要根据陈述部分表达的意思，借助相应的be动词或助动词：
a.如果陈述部分表示对现在情况的推测（must be、must have、must know等），附加疑问部分借助于be动词或助动词；
Tom must be in danger，isn't he？（一定，对现在的推测）
b.如果陈述部分表示对过去情况的推测（must have done），附加疑问部分用表示一般过去时的助动词did；
It must have rained last night，didn't it？（一定，对过去的推测）
c.如果陈述部分表示对已经完成的情况的推测（must have done），附加疑问部分用表示现在完成时的助动词have/has.
He must have studied English for many years，hasn't he？(一定，对已经完成的情况的推测)
如果陈述部分是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般要与主句保持一致；但是当陈述部分是“I am sure/am afraid/think/suppose/believe...加宾语从句”结构时，附加疑问部分要与宾语从句保持一致，而且要注意宾语从句部分的否定转移现象（从句的否定转移到主句中）。
He said that the key was lost，didn't he？
I don't believe he cares about clothes，does he？（宾语从句的否定转移到主句中）
如果陈述部分是并列句，附加疑问部分遵循就近原则，通常和后面的分句保持一致。
I like apples，but my mother likes bananas，doesn't she？
陈述部分是肯定祈使句时，附加疑问部分一般用will you/won't you/can you/can't you；
陈述部分是否定祈使句时，附加疑问部分一般用will you.
Come and join us, will/won't/can/can't you？
Don't open the window，will you？
陈述部分是以Let's开头的祈使句时，附加疑问部分用shall we；
陈述部分是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句时，附加疑问部分用will you.
Let's go home together，shall we？
Let us/me go home，will you？
陈述部分是There be句型或其变体时，附加疑问部分的“主语”用there，附加疑问部分的be动词/助动词/情态动词要和There后的动词保持一致。
There are no living things on the moon，are there？
There stands a big tree behind the house，doesn't there？
陈述部分含有had better时，附加疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't.
You had better turn to your teacher when in trouble，hadn't/shouldn't you？
当陈述部分是以I am开头时，附加疑问部分用aren't I，在正式用语中，也会用am I not；
当陈述部分是以I am not开头时，附加一疑问部分用am I.
I'm tired，aren't I？
I'm not tired，am I？
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
读后续写之主题升华结尾句
一、助人与善举主题升华
1. Sometimes，a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
2. At times, a small gesture of care will possibly melt people's loneliness.
3. After all, everyone has bad days and good days. Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.
4. Never had I anticipated that a random act of kindness would inject such great power into others and change their life.我从来没有预料到，一个偶然的善举会给别人注入如此巨大的力量，改变他们的生活。
5. No good deed ever goes wasted. Therefore，share your love from your heart today and fill your love with acts of kindness.
6. One simple act of kindness is a blessing for both the giver and the receiver.
7. Never underestimate the power of your action. With one small gesture, you may not only spread love, but also positively influence others' life.
8. It dawned on me that a moment of kindness could mean so much to another, and that a simple act could make a great difference to the world.我恍然大悟，那一刻的善良对另一个人来说意义重大，而一个简单的行为可以让世界不一样。
9.From then on, I made up my mind to pass on "love" to others. Just as a saying goes:"Rose given and fragrance in hands."从那时起，我就决定把“爱”传递给别人。正如一句谚语所说：“赠人玫瑰，手留余香。”
10. With a small gesture ,we can change a person's life, for better or for worse. No act of kindness, however small, will go wasted.通过一个小小的善具我们可以改变一个人的生活，无论好坏，无论多么微小的善举都不会被浪费。
二、个人成长主题升华
1. I knew for sure that every time I lost patience in the future I would remember my grandfather's words.
我确信，将来每当我失去耐心时，我都会记起祖父的话。
2. The world makes way for the dreamer.
世界总会给有梦想的人开路。
3. Each man is the architect of his own fate.
每个人都是自己命运的建筑师。
4. Don't always complain about people. Try to look on the bright side.
不要总是抱怨别人。尽量往好的方面想。
5. Actually, every individual possesses talent. Be brave when you find it and also make efforts. You can create miracles in the end.
事实上，每个人都有天赋。发现它的时候要勇敢，也要付出努力，最终你会创造奇迹。
6. As long as you have a dream, just go for it, and never give it up easily. Your dream might not come true in one or two days, but it will someday.
只要你有梦想，就去追求，不要轻易放弃。你的梦想可能不会在一两天内实现，但总有一天会实现。
7. The golden sunlight slid in Ada's room, lighting her face as well as the future path for her to follow the dream of pursuing her dream.
金色的阳光照进艾达的房间，照亮了她的脸，也照亮了她追寻梦想的未来之路。
8. In the same way, we need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some sufferings if we really wish to spread our wings and fly.
同样的，我们需要奋斗来成长和生存。如果我们真的想展翅飞翔，就必须经历磨难。
亲情友情主题升华
Not to mean a greeting, not to shya hug, get close to our families, cherish this extraordinary and noble affection.
不要吝啬一个问候，不要害羞一个拥抱，亲近我们的家人，珍视这平凡而又高贵的亲情，那是生世最真最切的永恒。
Every time I faced challenges, a thought of giving up flashed in my mind, but the support of my family gave me the strength to keep going.
每次面对挑战，我都想放弃，但是家人的支持给了我继续前进的力量。
Through their journey, the teacher's impact on the student went beyond the classroom, teaching them valuable lessons about perseverance, kindness, and the pursuit of dreams.
在他们的旅程中，老师对学生的影响超越了教室，教给他们有关坚持、善良和追求梦想的宝贵教训。
They realized that true friends are always there for each other, supporting an celebrating one another, creating a bond that lasts a lifetime.
他们意识到真正的朋友总是彼此支持和庆祝，建立了一种持久的纽带。
Through thick and thin, they discovered the beauty of friendship,finding comfort laughter, and a sense of belonging in each other's company.
在顺境和逆境中，他们发现了友谊的美，从对方身上找到了安慰、欢笑和归属感。
Their friendship grew stronger as they embraced each other's imperfections and stood by each other's side.
随着彼此接纳对方的不完美并始终相互支持，他们的友谊变得更加牢固。
7.There is no shame in admitting our mistakes or forgiving each other because we are a family.
承认错误或原谅彼此并不可耻，因为我们是一家人。
8.She felt warmth in the cold day，and believed there was kindness in every corner.
她在寒冷的天气里感到了温暖，相信每个角落都有善意。
9.If you take your friends for granted，you may not have friends for very long.
如果你把朋友视为理所当然，那你也许不会有长久的友情。
10. It was at that moment that I had a full understanding of the significance of family.
就是在那一刻，我完全明白了家庭的重要性。
四、历险脱困主题升华
1.That day was so unforgettable that it would stay in my memory forever.
那天是如此难忘，它将永远留在我的记忆。
2.Only then did I realize that it was bravery that can conquer whatever difficulty came in the way. 直到那时，我才意识到，正是勇敢才能克服一切困难。
3.It occurred to me that helping others was priceless and everyone should be a lifeguard.
我突然想到，帮助别人是无价的，每个人都应该是一个救生员。
Life will hit us unexpectedly, but there is always someone to help us out and there is always hope waiting for us.
生活总会出乎意料地打击我们，但总有人帮助我们，总有希望在等着我们。
5. We will meet various challenges in life, but we should never give up easily. Just as the famous saying goes, sunshine always comes after the rain.
人生中我们会碰到各种挑战，但是不要轻易放弃。正如名言所说，风雨后总能见阳光。
What a narrow escape!
好险的一次死里逃生啊!
Never had I fallen into such a dangerous situation. The experience was deeply engraved in my mind and reminded me to respect the nature.
我从来没有陷入过这样危险的境地。这段经历深深地刻在了我的脑海里，提醒我要尊重自然。
Even you are suffering from the darkest moment, you should focus to seek the light.
即使你正在遭受最黑暗的时刻，你也应该集中精力寻找光明。
Only then did I realize that actions can cure fear and bravery can conquer difficulties.
那时我才意识到行动可以治愈恐惧，勇敢可以征服困难。
Sitting in the guestroom, I found it really blissful to be accompanied by our beloved ones.
坐在客房里，我发现有我们心爱的人陪伴真的很幸福。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
反意疑问句
1．Few people in America knew the poor village, they (变成反意疑问句)
2．She must be a good English teacher, (用适当的词填空)
3．Don’t refer to your notes when answering questions, you (用适当的词填空)
4．I am sure that you’ve done jumping Jacks, . (用适当的词填空)
5．Let’s go and listen to music, . (附加疑问句)
6．We can play football, we
7．That sounds interesting, it (用适当的词填空)
8．He isn’t coming, he
9．You forgot to book a room in advance, you (用适当的词填空)
10．I don’t expect you can finish the work in three days, (用适当的词填空)
11．Let’s look at these views in more detail, we (用适当的词填空)
12．These athletes have won championship in many sports events, (附加疑问句)
13．We should win not only gold medals but also honour and glory for our country, (附加疑问句)
14．Gymnastics has been one of her favorite sports events since childhood, (附加疑问句)
15．There will be badminton match in the new stadium, (附加疑问句)
16．You used to see her a lot, you (用适当的词填空)
17．Everybody knows what happiness means, (用适当的附加疑问句填空)
18．Have a little more coffee, you (用适当的词填空)
19．They will leave for Beijing tomorrow night, they （用适当的词填空）
20．It must be he that has stolen Mr. Smith’s purse, it (用适当的词填空)
21．There are no museums in our city, （完成句子）
22．There is little water in the cup, （完成句子）
23．You don’t think he will come today, (反意疑问句)
24．Joe can speak English and French very well, he （用适当的词填空）
25．You must have studied English for many years, (用适当的词填空)
读后续写
（2024·安徽·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In a small town lives an old man named Mr. Benson. He lives alone. He has a big scar on his face that makes him look a little scary. No one talks to him, and no one helps him carry his things up the difficult stairs to his home.
Mr. Benson does not have any friends. He is not married. But one day, a new family moves into the neighborhood. They are a nice couple, Mr. and Mrs. Clarence, and their children, Amanda and David. They move into the building where Mr. Benson lives.
The other people who live in the building welcome the new family. They say hello to Amanda and David, but they tell them not to talk to Mr. Benson. “He is a scary old man. He has no friends and he has a strange scar.”
Amanda, David, and their parents think this is very silly advice. When they see Mr. Benson in the hallway or in the street outside their building, they always say hello with a smile and ask how he is feeling today.
Mr. Benson is very happy to see them. He tells them they are always welcome in his home. He gives Amanda and David some delicious cupcakes to eat.
Mr. and Mrs. Clarence always help Mr. Benson with his groceries, and Amanda and David like to sit and drink tea with him. He tells wonderful stories! He was once a very famous chef, and he makes the most delicious desserts in the whole world, in Amanda’s opinion.
One evening, all the neighbors in the building hear laughter and the sounds of cups and plates and silverware in Mr. Benson’s apartment. They are very confused! It sounds like a delightful dinner. They all wonder why they are not invited.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day, Mrs. Clarence talks to her neighbors.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon, they all enjoy Mr. Benson’s delicious cakes every weekend at their dinners.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
Part 2 读后续写素材积累-六招高分开头技巧
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1. that
可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which
指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：
The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）
3. who, whom, whose
（1）who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人
（2）whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
（4）whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)
注意：
① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whom；表物用 which)
② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。）
There are 30 students in this class, who are from the north of China.
这个班里有30名学生，他们来自中国北方。
Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
As
a：as作为关系代词，常常用于固定句型中。
the same...as , as, such....as , so....as
They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
b：such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别
such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题。
(从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。)
She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
Part 2 读后续写素材积累--六招高分开头技巧
第一招：副词开头
Carefully, he stepped over all the broken glass.他小心翼翼地踩过了所有的碎玻璃。
Joyfully ，he skipped up the street.他很高兴地跳过了街道。
Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest. 立刻，一片黑暗笼罩着森林。
第二招：形容词短语开头
Curious to know what was inside, he tiptoed into the dark cave.他好奇地想知道里面是什么，踮着脚尖走进了黑暗的洞穴。
Unable to say a word, he was rooted to the spot.一句话也说不出来，他就楞在了原地。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. 突然，一只小兔子跳到了我的马前。
Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. 我害怕我会伤害这个可爱的小生物，我自动发出一声喊叫来阻止我的马。
文章给的提示句是：We had no idea where we were and it got dark.我们不知道自己在哪里，天变黑了。
Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. 我又累又饿，想知道我们能不能找到回去的路。
第三招： 非谓语开头
Looking around him cautiously, he slipped into the room and softly closed the door.他小心翼翼地环顾四周，溜进了房间，轻轻地关上门。
Feeling disappointed, Jane had to stay alone for another night. 简感到失望，不得不再呆一夜。
Feeling refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.她感到神清气爽，继续沿着小溪散步，寻找出去的路。
第四招：对话或独白开头
：“Let’s see who gets there first!” Rachel shouted, as she pedaled fast and zoomed past Jenny.“让我们看看谁先到那里去！”瑞秋一边叫着，一边飞快地蹬着车从珍妮身边冲过去。
"Get into the car." Paul shouted at Mac. “上车！” 保罗对麦克喊道。
第五招：背景描写
We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way（我们开车穿过了几个州，沿途看到了很多好风景。）
I looked out of the car window, winding rivers, lofty mountains, sunny beaches and deep valleys, holding me entirely in their fascination.
我望着车窗外，蜿蜒的河流，高耸的山脉，阳光明媚的海滩和深邃的山谷，完全吸引了我的注意力。
第六招：行为描写
Furry started wagging his tail and running around in circles when he saw his master taking a leash out from the drawer. Furry was all ready for his evening walk.
当他看到他的主人从抽屉里拿出一条皮带时，Furry开始摇，绕着圈跑。Furry准备好了晚上的散步。
Dad exchanged a glance with me. Why not camp to satisfy Mom 爸爸和我相互看了一眼。 为什么不露营来满足妈妈？
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
定语从句
1.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money.
【答案】that/which。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
2.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
3.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
【答案】which或that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
4.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】 that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
5.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。
6.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
7.（2020新高考卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
8.（2019全国II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___________ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
9.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
【答案】as。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
10.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【答案】 that/who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
11.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
12.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect.
【答案】whose。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
13.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
14.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
【答案】 whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。
15.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
16．(2022天津3月卷) Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up.
A．why B．which C．that D．where
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。
17.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。
18.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
19.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________everyone.
【答案】suits
【解析】考查定语从句动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人 解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。
20.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we can learn without repeating them.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉 哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_________ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。
21.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free.
【答案】hich
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。
二、读后续写
（2024·山西·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As an educator, I have discovered that the life lessons that students bring with them to school are the ones that I truly need to learn.
One story that describes this awesome responsibility starts with a second year college student. Every day, he would come into my math class, sit in the very back and avoid eye contact. When I would ask the class questions, I could hear a deep voice coming from his direction saying the correct answer every single time. I immediately began to investigate and found that he had high standardized test scores but his report card in school did not match his performances. I knew something had to change.
Through our school mentoring (辅导制) program, I asked him if he would like to be a part of a support team that was specifically designed to help him graduate on time with his classmates. This program required me to visit all of his classroom teachers, help him complete every assignment, provide him with materials to finish projects, and constantly remind him that success could be achieved if he stayed on this path. In his senior, he was able to make the Honor Roll (光荣榜).
This student had been living with his great-grandfather instead of living with his mother and six siblings (姊妹). The concept of family had not been demonstrated in his life. However, at school, this program provided him with a team that focused on his academic needs as well as celebrated his successes. The idea of family, where he was cared for and was seen as important, was able to become a reality.
Unfortunately, during his senior year, his great-grandfather passed away, which terribly influenced his newly positive view of life. But because of the bond that was established over the past two years through the program, I was able to keep him focused on what he could control to achieve his goal. He showed determination and perseverance, and he became a senior with his original class and had the opportunity to graduate with his friends.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sadly, when graduation day approached, he refused to attend the ceremony.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I can still remember his smile face as he walked across that stage to receive his diploma.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Sadly, when graduation day approached, he refused to attend the ceremony. He told me gloomily that he would not attend the graduation ceremony because no family member would be there to see him walk across the stage to receive his diploma. I told him that he was wrong, because on that day, I would be there as well as his six other teachers who had the unbelievable opportunity to see him transform into a student of self-worth, diligence, and potential.
I can still remember his smile face as he walked across that stage to receive his diploma. I still think to myself, what if that moment had never happened What if his answers were not heard What if the lessons he was trying to teach me were not learned I have learned that lessons are not always meant to be for students. As a teacher, I look forward eagerly every year to the lessons my students bring to the classroom, because I know these lives are ready to be changed.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作为一名教育工作者发现他的班级里有一名成绩和课堂表现不相符的学生。通过学校的辅导计划，作者逐渐了解到这位学生的家庭背景和成长环境。在作者的关注和辅导下，他表现出决心和毅力，并和原来的班级一起成为高年级学生，也有机会和他的朋友一起毕业。但是，当毕业日临近时，他拒绝参加毕业典礼。在作者的鼓励下，他微笑着走上台去拿毕业证书。作者感悟到学生带到学校的生活课程是作者真正需要学习的。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“可悲的是，当毕业日临近时，他拒绝参加毕业典礼。”可知，第一段可描写作者了解到这位学生拒绝参加毕业典礼的原因，并鼓励他成为有价值有潜力的人。
②由第二段首句内容“我仍然记得他走上台去拿毕业证书时笑容。”可知，第二段可描写作者成功的劝说这位学生参加毕业典礼以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：观察到一位成绩和表现不符的学生——帮助——了解生活背景——鼓励参加毕业典礼——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①参加：attend / participate in
②改变：transform / change/turn
③目的是，为了：be meant to / be designed to
情绪类
①沮丧地：gloomily / pessimistically
②热切地：eagerly / earnestly
【点睛】【高分句型1】I told him that he was wrong, because on that day, I would be there as well as his six other teachers who had the unbelievable opportunity to see him transform into a student of self-worth, diligence, and potential. (使用了that引导的宾语从句，because引导的原因状语从句从句以及who引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】I have learned that lessons are not always meant to be for students. (使用了that引导的宾语从句)Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
Part 2 读后续写素材积累-六招高分开头技巧
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1. that
可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which
指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：
The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）
3. who, whom, whose
（1）who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人
（2）whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
（4）whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)
注意：
① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whom；表物用 which)
② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。）
There are 30 students in this class, who are from the north of China.
这个班里有30名学生，他们来自中国北方。
Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
As
a：as作为关系代词，常常用于固定句型中。
the same...as , as, such....as , so....as
They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
b：such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别
such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题。
(从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。)
She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
Part 2 读后续写素材积累--六招高分开头技巧
第一招：副词开头
Carefully, he stepped over all the broken glass.他小心翼翼地踩过了所有的碎玻璃。
Joyfully ，he skipped up the street.他很高兴地跳过了街道。
Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest. 立刻，一片黑暗笼罩着森林。
第二招：形容词短语开头
Curious to know what was inside, he tiptoed into the dark cave.他好奇地想知道里面是什么，踮着脚尖走进了黑暗的洞穴。
Unable to say a word, he was rooted to the spot.一句话也说不出来，他就楞在了原地。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. 突然，一只小兔子跳到了我的马前。
Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. 我害怕我会伤害这个可爱的小生物，我自动发出一声喊叫来阻止我的马。
文章给的提示句是：We had no idea where we were and it got dark.我们不知道自己在哪里，天变黑了。
Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. 我又累又饿，想知道我们能不能找到回去的路。
第三招： 非谓语开头
Looking around him cautiously, he slipped into the room and softly closed the door.他小心翼翼地环顾四周，溜进了房间，轻轻地关上门。
Feeling disappointed, Jane had to stay alone for another night. 简感到失望，不得不再呆一夜。
Feeling refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.她感到神清气爽，继续沿着小溪散步，寻找出去的路。
第四招：对话或独白开头
：“Let’s see who gets there first!” Rachel shouted, as she pedaled fast and zoomed past Jenny.“让我们看看谁先到那里去！”瑞秋一边叫着，一边飞快地蹬着车从珍妮身边冲过去。
"Get into the car." Paul shouted at Mac. “上车！” 保罗对麦克喊道。
第五招：背景描写
We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way（我们开车穿过了几个州，沿途看到了很多好风景。）
I looked out of the car window, winding rivers, lofty mountains, sunny beaches and deep valleys, holding me entirely in their fascination.
我望着车窗外，蜿蜒的河流，高耸的山脉，阳光明媚的海滩和深邃的山谷，完全吸引了我的注意力。
第六招：行为描写
Furry started wagging his tail and running around in circles when he saw his master taking a leash out from the drawer. Furry was all ready for his evening walk.
当他看到他的主人从抽屉里拿出一条皮带时，Furry开始摇，绕着圈跑。Furry准备好了晚上的散步。
Dad exchanged a glance with me. Why not camp to satisfy Mom 爸爸和我相互看了一眼。 为什么不露营来满足妈妈？
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
定语从句
1.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money.
2.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
3.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
_________4.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
5.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
6.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
7.（2020新高考卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
8.（2019全国II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___________ she opened with her late husband Les.
9.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
10.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel 11.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
12.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect.
13.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
14.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
15.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
16．(2022天津3月卷) Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up.
A．why B．which C．that D．where
17.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
18.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
19.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________everyone.
20.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we can learn without repeating them.
_________21.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free.
二、读后续写
（2024·山西·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As an educator, I have discovered that the life lessons that students bring with them to school are the ones that I truly need to learn.
One story that describes this awesome responsibility starts with a second year college student. Every day, he would come into my math class, sit in the very back and avoid eye contact. When I would ask the class questions, I could hear a deep voice coming from his direction saying the correct answer every single time. I immediately began to investigate and found that he had high standardized test scores but his report card in school did not match his performances. I knew something had to change.
Through our school mentoring (辅导制) program, I asked him if he would like to be a part of a support team that was specifically designed to help him graduate on time with his classmates. This program required me to visit all of his classroom teachers, help him complete every assignment, provide him with materials to finish projects, and constantly remind him that success could be achieved if he stayed on this path. In his senior, he was able to make the Honor Roll (光荣榜).
This student had been living with his great-grandfather instead of living with his mother and six siblings (姊妹). The concept of family had not been demonstrated in his life. However, at school, this program provided him with a team that focused on his academic needs as well as celebrated his successes. The idea of family, where he was cared for and was seen as important, was able to become a reality.
Unfortunately, during his senior year, his great-grandfather passed away, which terribly influenced his newly positive view of life. But because of the bond that was established over the past two years through the program, I was able to keep him focused on what he could control to achieve his goal. He showed determination and perseverance, and he became a senior with his original class and had the opportunity to graduate with his friends.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sadly, when graduation day approached, he refused to attend the ceremony.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I can still remember his smile face as he walked across that stage to receive his diploma.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Unit 5 Languages Around the World
Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
关系副词 先行词 作用
when 时间名词 时间状语 表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which；
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 表地点的介词(如：in, at, on, under等)＋which；
why the reason 原因状语 表原因的介词(如：for)＋which。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
你知道他昨天为什么没有出席会议的原因吗？
1. when的用法
when修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。其先行词通常为time, day, year, week等。
I'll never forget the day when my son was born.
我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。
易错点：当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。
The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.
他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。
2. where的用法
where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。
b.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
c.先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
3. why的用法
why相当于for which, 在从句中作原因状语，但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用that或which引导。
Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you are late again
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
二、关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1 关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。
This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。
My youngest brother，whom I have to look after，is demanding.
我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。
2 关系代词前介词的确定
依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for)
根据先行词来确定。
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)
3 “名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
4 “复合介词短语＋关系代词which”
从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
5 “介词＋which/whom＋不定式”
The poor man has no house in which to live.
→The poor man has no house to live in.
→The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重点。
China is the birthplace of kites，from where kite flying spreads to Japan，Thailand，India and so on.
中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
牙齿、下巴和胸膛
tooth牙齿
Her lips parted, revealing a flash of white teeth.她嘴唇轻启，露出一口洁白的牙齿。
His sparkling white teeth showed through his beautiful smile.在迷人的笑容中，他露出了洁白的牙齿。
She had very pretty straight teeth. 她有一口漂亮、整齐的牙齿。
Chin 下巴
He had clear blue eyes and a jutting chin. 他有一双清激的蓝眼睛和一个突出的下巴
Both of their chins were dotted with beads of sweat.他们两人的下巴上尽是汗珠。
Jack jutted （使突出，伸出）his chin forward and did not answer the teacher.Jack 下巴扬得高高的，没有回答老师的问题。
There he stood: hair in wild tangles, dark stubble (胡子茬) shadowing his chin.他站在那儿，头发乱成一团，下巴上一片黑胡茬。
Chest胸膛
He fell back into the water, his breath rasping （发出刺耳的声音）in his heaving (强烈而有节奏地)他仰面跌进了水中，胸部起伏，呼吸急促。
His athletic chest expanded, taking in a lungful of much needed oxygen.他健壮的胸部向外扩大，吸进一大口急需的氧气。
His chest heaves with every breath. 他的胸脯随着呼吸起伏。
His chest swelled (使凸出，鼓起) with pride as he accepted the award.他领奖时骄傲地挺起胸脯。
二、嘴巴、脸颊、鼻子
Mouth嘴巴
A smile played around his mouth. 他嘴上挂着微笑。
A tight mouth was the only sign of her nerves. 紧闭的嘴是她紧张的唯一迹象。
Chris looked over at her, his mouth grinning with satisfaction.Chris 看着她，满意的咧嘴笑了。
He wiped his greasy（多油的）mouth on his sleeve. 他用袖子擦了擦油膩的嘴。
Her mouth curved into a smile。她嘴角一弯，微笑了。
Her mouth suddenly set in a determined line. 她的嘴突然绷成一条坚定的线。
My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.闻到食物的味道，我就流口水了。
The corners of her mouth turned up in a slight smile. 她嘴角上扬，微微一笑。
There was blood trickling (滴，淌) from the corner of his mouth.鲜血从他的嘴角流了出来。
From one corner of her mouth flowed a stream of fresh blood.从她的一个嘴角流下一道鲜血。
Cheeks脸烦
Georgina softly rubbed the newborn's cherubic （天使般纯真的）cheeks.Georgina 轻轻地摸了摸新生儿那娇嫩的脸颊。
He looked young, dark and sharp-featured, with hollow（ 凹陷的）cheeks.他看起米很年轻，肤色勁黑，五官分明，双烦四陷。
He puffed out his fat cheeks and let out a lungful of steamy breath他鼓起胖乎乎的腮糖子，呼出了一大口热气。4. She had bright, rosy cheeks. 她的脸庞红润、有光泽。
The children had glowing cheeks after race.孩子们跑完步后脸蛋儿红通通的。
When she thought of this, she felt her cheeks burning hot as if the effect of the wine were still upon her.她想到这点就两颊绯红，好像酒力未消一样。
Nose鼻子
His bleeding nose dripped all over the kitchen floor.他的鼻血滴得厨房地板上哪儿都是。
My nose is bunged （鼻塞的）up with a cold.我因伤风而鼻子不通。
She was weeping quite loudly and her nose was running.她很大声地哭着，流着鼻涕。
三、眼睛、眉毛、嘴唇
Eye 眼睛
When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.她抬起眼来的时候，眼睛很大、很特别、很动人。
Dark circles lay round her eyes. 她眼睛周围有黑眼圈。
Her big eyes were shaded by long black lashes（睫毛），curving backward in a most peculiar way.她那黑黑的长睫毛非常别致地朝上弯曲着，掩映着一双大眼睛。
Her arched(拱形的)brows accentuate（强调，使突出）the beauty of her eyes.她那弯弯的眉毛使她的眼睛显得更加美丽。
The object was a blur（模糊形状）to her sleeping eyes.在她的惺忪睡眼看来，那个东西一片模糊。
Her eyes were sparkling like diamonds. 她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光。
Eyebrow眉毛
His eyebrows bushed together. 他的眉毛浓密。
She had attractive angular（有楼角的）eyebrows which framed （给...做框 ) her deep blue eyes.她有一双迷人的有棱有角的眉毛，衬托出她深蓝色的眼睛。
Helen raised her brows in surprise at his boldness.Helen抬了抬眉毛，对他的大胆感到惊讶。
Luke's dark eyebrows lowered questioningly. Luke 疑恐地垂下他的黑眉毛。
Her lips are all pale. 她的嘴唇惨白。
Ryan had a bloodied lip which he explained he got from a scuffle (小扭打，冲突) with Tom.Ryan 的嘴唇在流血，他解释说是和 Tom 扭打的结果。
There was a slight smile on her lips. 她嘴唇上泛起一抹徽笑。
Her lips parted with a cry of fear. 她恐惧地张嘴喊叫。
四、前额脸和面容
Forehead 额头
A line of sweat broke out on her forehead and she thought she might faint.她的额头上冒出一串汗珠，她以为自己可能会晕过去。
Blood rained down from a deep gash in his forehead.他额头上一道深深的伤口血流如注。
His forehead was dripping with perspiration（汗）．他额头在淌汗。
It was a hot July morning, and perspiration glistened on his forehead.那是一个炎热的七月的早晨，汗珠在他的额上闪闪发光。
5.The sweat stood in beads(液体的小珠，小滴）upon his forehead. 他额上冒着汗珠。
6. Linda had a strongly defined chin, a high forehead, and light grey eyes.Linda 有着轮廊分明的下巴、高高的额头和一双浅灰色的眼睛。
7.Looking at her, Jack's forehead knotted in a frown. Jack 注视着她，眉头紧锁。
8.Her stomach gurgled（发汩汩声）and little beads of perspiration formed on her forehead.她的胃咯咯作响，小汗珠涌现在她的前额。
9.She stepped into the room trembling, cold perspiration on her forehead.她走进房间，颤抖不已，额头冒出冷汗。10. She fell against our table and got a large bump on her forehead.她倒地时撞到我们的桌子上，额头起了个大包。11. Some deep wrinkles furrow （使起皱纹 ) his lower forehead.他额头下方出现了几道深深的皱纹。
Face & Features 脸和面容
1.He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and check bones.他有一张大大的方脸，眉毛很重，颧骨突出。
2.His face was blue from the cold. 他的脸冻得发紫。
3. Her face is already lined with the cares of domestic life.她因家事操劳，脸上已经起了皱纹。
4.It was still possible to see in her face something of the freshness and prettiness of her youth.在她脸上仍能看到一点她年轻时的娇艳和美貌。
5.His sunburnt face was the picture of health.他那张晒黑的脸表明他很健康。
6. She had lost much of the roundness of her face, her skin had lost its youth, and her hair was thinner.她往日丰润的脸庞消瘦多了，皮肤失去了青春的光泽，头发也不那么浓密了。
7.She was fine and very pretty, with a face full of expression.她生得清秀，非常美，有一张表情丰富的脸。
五、人体部位
Hair & Beard
1.A light wind passed his brow, fanning softly his uncombed hair and stirring silver points of anxiety in his eyes.微风掠过他的额头，轻拂着他那未经梳理的头发，使焦灼不安的银光在他的眼睛里晃动。
2.As she bent forward, her fine black hair fell over her cheek.她身子前倾时，秀美的黑发倾泻到她的脸颊上。3.Blond hair runs in her family.她全家人都长着金发。
4.Dad looked so handsome, his black hair combed back like Elvis Presley's, a huge grin across his face.爸爸看起来很英俊。他的黑发像 Elvis Presley(貓王）那样梳成大背头，脸上挂着大大的笑容。
5.He had a crop of blond hair and radiant green eyes.他留着金色的平头短发，有一双明亮的绿色眼睛。
6. He had a high forehead and wore spectacles （眼镜)and a slight beard.他额头很高，戴眼镜，留了一些胡子。7.He had brilliant blue eyes, short blonde hair, and a well-defined jaw that made her spellbound.他有着明亮的蓝眼睛、金色短发和棱角分明的下巴，这一切都让她入迷。
8.He is a short fat man with no hair on his head. 他是一个矮胖的光头男人。
9.He was a man of small stature, with hair blanched rather by suffering and sorrow than by age.他是个身材瘦小的人，头发已经灰白------那大概是受苦和忧虑的结果，而不是年龄的原因。
10. Her hair flows down her back. 她的头发垂在背后。
11.Her hair ripples in the spring breeze. 她的头发在春风中像波浪般飘动。
12.Her hair was gray, her clothes ragged. 她头发花白，衣服破烂。
13.Her light brown hair was hanging loose about her neck.她那淡棕色的头发披散在脖子上。
14. Her long fair hair fell untidily over her shoulders.她那长长的浅色色头发凌乱地披在肩上。
15.Her long, fine hair was swept back in a ponytail.她秀美的长发在脑后梳成了马尾辫。
16.Her shoulder-length hair spilled over her face. 她的齐肩长发散落在脸上。
17.Her thick curly black hair was twisted into a knot on her neck.她那浓密的黑色卷发在后脑勺上盘成一个髻。18. Her waist was small, her hair full and jet-black,her eyes liquid and her eyebrows drawnout toward her temples（太阳穴，鬓角）。她腰肢纤细，头发浓密、漆黑，两眼如秋水般明丽，双眉画入两鬓。
19.His black hair was going gray. 他的黑发开始变白了。
20. His face was very red, his hat was on the back of his head. his hair was wildly rumpled（ 弄乱）.他的脸涨得通红，帽子向后斜戴着，头发也乱成一团。
21.His hair is thick, and black as a raven. 他的头发乌黑浓密。
22. Lily caught a lock of her hair and twirled（使旋转，缠绕)it around her finger.Lily抓住一绺头发，绕着手指转圈。22.Little curls clustered round her forehead.她额前留着小卷发。
23. She came, her hair streaming behind her. 她来了，头发在背后飘荡着。
24. She had a fine head of chestnut （粟色的，红棕色的）hair.她有一头栗色的秀发。
25.She has a long golden ponytail that bobs up and down when she walks.她扎着一个走起路来上下摆动的金色长马尾辫。
26. She has a row of curls round her head. 她长着一头卷发。
27. She is a shy young girl and her hair was cut in a short crop.她是个害羞的年轻姑娘，头发剪成很短的平头。教导队。
28. She was a young and lovely girl, with a profusion（大量）of light brown hair, and eyes that seemed to float in liquid crystal.她是一个年轻、可爱的姑娘，长着浓密的淡棕色头发，水灵灵的眼睛如珍珠般闪亮。
29.She was wearing bangs （刘海）on her forehead which gave her a girlish appearance when she laughed, and there was a curious liquid luster (光泽,光彩) in her eyes.她的额前留着刘海儿，这让她笑时有种少女的神态，而且她的眼睛里有一股水汪汪的奇妙光彩。
30.The curly red hair was tied up in a neat little bun（圆发髻）卷曲的红头发扎成一个整齐的小发髻。
31.The girl’s hair was silky.这姑娘的头发像丝绸一样光滑。
32.Mother was no getting old and her hair was almost entirely white,although she was still under fifty.母亲一天天见老，虽然不到五十岁，但她的头发已几乎全白了。
33.The tresses were tossed about her tender throat and were quivering in the sunlight.披拂在她娇嫩的脖子上的发绺，在阳光下轻轻飘动。
34.Their hair was tied up into broad bands on top of their heads.她们的头发编成粗大的辫子盘在头顶。
35.He was a tall,lanky（瘦长的） one with spiked（尖的） hair and a small goatee（山羊胡子）.他个子高高、瘦瘦的，头发粗短呈刺状，留着小山羊胡子。
36.He wears a dense beard.他留着浓密的胡须。
37.His chin is covered by a thick and short beard.他下巴上长满浓密而短的胡子。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
定语从句
1．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）The student coming from the country was starving for the friendship from those ___________come from the city.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：来自农村的学生渴望得到来自城里同学的友谊。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词those。先行词those指代“那些学生”，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
2．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）A survey found that there are over 60 million current players in the world, the majority of ___________ live in East Asia.
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一项调查发现，目前全球有超过6000万名玩家，其中大多数生活在东亚。介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词over 60 million current players，作介词的宾语，指人，故填whom。
3．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）The lifestyle, however, was laid down by two historical men of letters. One was Bai Juyi, ___________ rebuilt the West Lake and made a new bank to benefit the locals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，这种生活方式是由两位历史文人奠定的。一个是白居易，他重建了西湖，建立了一个新的堤岸来造福当地人。先行词为 Bai Juyi，作非限制性定语从句的的主语，关系代词为who。
4．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）China’s modernization process over the past four decades has created a new context ___________there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, generating something new and genuine.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：过去四十年来，中国的现代化进程创造了一个新的背景，即古代与现代之间的伙伴关系，产生了新的和真实的东西。该从句位于名词之后且由前面的名词“context(背景、环境)”可知，后面应该是起修饰作用的定语从句，把名词还原回定语从句中应该是作地点状语，所以填入关系副词where。故填where。
5．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）The reason ___________this traditional flatbread happens to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport.
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里流行，是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，应使用关系副词why。故填why。
6．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe, ___________members were all tall and mighty like giants.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这座山是夸父部落的家园，他们的成员都像巨人一样高大威武。分析句子结构可知非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Kua Fu tribe，在从句中作定语，应用whose。故填whose。
7．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）The reasons why Chinese is enjoying great popularity are as follows. First, China is already a global economic power, ___________ influence is growing.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：首先，中国已经是一个全球经济大国，其影响力正在增长。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词China在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词influence，用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。
8．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）Beside scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures from the space station, during ___________ they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students watching the class on Earth.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：除了科学任务，宇航员还在空间站上进行了两次现场科学讲座，期间他们进行了各种实验，并回答了在地球上观看课堂的学生的问题。根据句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词lectures，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词during的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。
9．（23-24高三下 北京 阶段练习）She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with expects in the field from ___________ she gained a deep knowledge.
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是expects，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+whom”引导。故填whom。
10．（23-24高三下 广东佛山 阶段练习）At the Chinese art festival, there are different places ___________ artists show their skills and teach the visitors.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上，有不同的地方，艺术家们展示他们的技能，并教游客。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词places指的是地点，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。
11．（2024高三 全国 专题练习）A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___________ gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：爱尔兰的一所学校推出了一套有趣的新校服。夹克的边缘有一块布，在黑暗中会发光。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
12．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）Using cellphones while driving can often be seen, ___________ is illegal in many countries.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：开车时使用手机的情况随处可见，这在许多国家都是违法的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，故填which。
13．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）___________ is announced on the school radio, the sports meet will be held next week.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如学校广播所宣布的那样，运动会将于下周举行。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子，并在从句中作主语，表示“正如”，应用as，句首单词首字母大写，故填As。
14．（22-23高三下 福建 开学考试）The manager, in ___________ office I just attended an interview, asked me to go back home and wait for the reply.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我刚刚在经理的办公室参加了面试，他让我回家等待答复。空处是“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the manager，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词office，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
15．（23-24高三下 重庆黔江 阶段练习）This is the only one of the best novels ___________has appeared this year.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是今年出版的唯一一本最好的小说。此处为定语从句修饰先行词novels，在从句作主语，指物，且由最高级修饰只能用that引导。故填that。
16．（23-24高三下 重庆黔江 阶段练习）We’ll discuss a case ___________beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一个英语初学者不能正确使用英语的案例。定语从句修饰先行词case，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
17．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee, more than 1 million people applied to serve as volunteers and nearly 20，000 were selected, most of ___________ are from colleges and universities in Beijing and Hebei Province.
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据北京2022年冬奥会组委会统计，超过100万人申请成为志愿者，其中有近2万人被选中，其中大多数来自北京和河北省的高校。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，指代先行词“nearly 20,000 (volunteers)”。先行词指人，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。
18．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）She found out her daughter had been sleeping on the floor in a house ___________ dogs and cats moved around, and she worried that older babies might step on her.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她发现女儿一直睡在房子的地板上，房子里有狗和猫在走动，她担心大一点的婴儿可能会踩到她。定语从句修饰先行词house，在从句作地点状语，应用where。故填where。
19．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）I hope acupuncture, with ___________ help I recovered, will continue to bring health to other people.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我希望针灸疗法——借助它的帮助我得以康复——能继续为其他人带来健康。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词acupuncture。先行词在定语从句中做定语，所以用关系代词whos引导该从句。故填whose。
20．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）Shaanxi’s biang biang noodles were a comforting and beloved food among locals, for ___________ the back story and written character were common knowledge.
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：陕西的油泼面在当地人心中是一道慰藉人心、备受喜爱的食物，关于它的背景故事和文字字符是当地人的常识。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词locals。先行词指人，在定语从句中做介词的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。
21．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）Beijing, ___________ the Summer Games were held in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both editions of the Olympic Games.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：北京，2008年夏季奥运会的举办地，是世界上首个举办过两届奥运会的城市。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beijing。先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
22．（23-24高三下 福建福州 阶段练习）___________is known to all, Tsinghua University is one of the top universities throughout the world.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，清华大学是世界上顶尖的大学之一。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，且表示“正如”，应用关系代词as引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。
23．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）Understanding, love and tolerance are the first three essentials ___________ come to an authentic friendship.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：理解和爱、宽容是构成真正友谊的首要三个要素。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词essentials。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。
24．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）___________ is often the case, some students play computer games so late that they can't finish their homework on time.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：通常情况下，有些学生玩电脑游戏太晚，以致无法按时完成作业。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整个句子，表示“正如”，应用as引导定语从句，as is often the case意为“通常情况下”，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。
25．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）I would like to choose the student, I think is the best, to be our monitor.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我想选我认为最优秀的学生做我们的班长。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the student，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，故填who。
26．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）We must believe that we can succeed, ___________ makes it possible for us to overcome the difficulties.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们要相信自己能够成功，这样我们才有可能克服困难。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句，故填which。
27．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, ___________ she won’t be so busy.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我最好的朋友朱莉娅明年七月会来看我，那时她不会那么忙。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next July，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。
28．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）The couple, ___________ life used to be very hard, have set up a series of chain stores in Europe.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这对夫妇过去生活很艰苦，现在在欧洲开了一系列连锁店。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词The couple在从句中作定语成分。故填whose。
29．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）My mother bought many children's books, nearly half of ___________ were for my sister.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我妈妈买了许多儿童读物，其中将近一半是给我妹妹的。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词children's books，在从句中作of的宾语，故填which。
30．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）We finally got to the village, ___________ we saw a number of newly-built houses.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们终于到了那个村子，在那里我们看到了许多新建的房子。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
31．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）None of the people knew the reason ___________ the car before his house was damaged.
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意: 没有人知道他家门前那辆车被损坏的原因。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason, 设空处在定语从句中作原因状语，应该用关系副词 why。故填why。
32．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The origin of facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, ___________ leading actors used to wear masks.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：京剧中使用的脸谱的起源可以追溯到南北朝时期，当时的主角常戴面具。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Northern and Southern Dynasties，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
33．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings shed tears when they cry, none of ___________ has been proved.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证实。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theories，先行词指物，并在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填 which。
34．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Different colors can create different moods in your space, some of ___________ may not be favorable to sleep.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：不同的颜色能在你的空间创造出不同的气氛，其中的一些可能并不利于睡眠。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词colors，指物，设空处在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，故填 which。
35．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of ___________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从。句意：1961 年联合国决定建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，应该用关系代词whose引导。故填 whose。
36．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021 ___________ she became the country's first woman to conduct a spacewalk.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意: 2021年11月7日，中国航天员王亚平创造了历史，成为中国首位进行太空行走的女性。先行词为November 7, 2021，表示时间，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词when, 故填when。
37．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Toward the end of my teaching career, I became a teacher librarian, ___________ aroused my love for being surrounded by books.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在我的教学生涯接近尾声时，我成了一名教师图书管理员，这引起了我对被书籍包围的热爱。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代作者成为一名教师图书管理员这件事，定语从句缺主语，故填which。
38．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Since the first ceremony in 1929, ___________only thirteen awards were given out, the Oscars have grown in size and popularity.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：1929 年的第一次颁奖典礼只颁发了 13个奖项，自那以后，奥斯卡的规模和受欢迎程度增加了。先行词为1929，表示时间，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词。故填when。
39．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）At present the masters use the full face, painted silk masks, ___________can be worn in layers and be pulled off one by one in the blink of an eye.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：目前大师们使用的是全脸彩绘丝绸面具，可以分层戴，眨眼间就可以一层一层地摘下来。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词the full face, painted silk masks指物， 设空处在定语从句中作主语需用关系代词which。故填 which。
40．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The country’s highest honor is given to those ___________ have made great contributions to the development of the People’s Republic of China.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：国家的最高荣誉授予了那些为中华人民共和国的发展做出巨大贡献的人。空处引导定语从句，先行词those指人，从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词who，故填 who。
41．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, ___________ causes the storage of fat.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大脑将节食和（对食物的）限制解读为饥饿，这会导致脂肪的储存。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，先行词为前面的整个主句，指的是事，所以使用关系代词which。故填which。
42．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The Journey to the West is the most interesting story ___________I have ever read.
【答案】that
【解析】句意: 《西游记》是我曾读过的最有趣的故事。设空处引导定语从句, 先行词 story指物，设空处在定语从句中作宾语，且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰。故填that。
43．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The first thing coming to my mind is to get a driving license, ___________ is a must for most college students.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我想到的第一件事是拿到驾照, 这是大多数大学生必须做的事。设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词driving license指物，设空处在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
44．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）___________ is known to us all, Yang Liwei is the first astronaut in China to enter space.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的航天员。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，设空处在定语从句中作主语，有“正如”之意，且位于句首，故填关系代词 As。
45．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, ___________ will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：裁判将选出多达50名荣誉奖得主，每个人将获得一件T恤以纪念Earhart的最后一次飞行。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语, 所以使用关系代词，先行词winners指人，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以使用关系代词who。故填 who。
46．（22-23高三下 福建 开学考试）Chinese mainland, ___________ is indicated in the chart, has risen to 11th place on the 2022 Global Innovation Rating.
【答案】as
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如图所示，中国大陆在2022年全球创新排名中上升至第11位。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“中国大陆在2022年全球创新排名中上升至第11位”这个句子，且此处表示“正如”，应用as引导定语从句，故填which。
读后续写
（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last weekend, I was standing at the finish line of the St. Francis Franny Flyer 5K (五公里赛) route, waiting for my nine-year-old son Kade to pass by.
Kade, though a fourth-grader, was already an experienced runner. He had been a part of a cross-country club since he was six years old. He had loved to run for as long as he could remember. He had been working hard to improve his endurance and running skills as he was determined to be a professional runner and compete in national and international races when he was older.
There were two St. Francis Franny Flyer races happening at the same time that day. The 5K race weaved through neighborhoods, from the church to Pinecone Road and back while the 10K followed the same route but extended north on Pinecone Road. Race volunteers were available on Pinecone Road to show runners the way, and there were also signs directing the two different courses.
I signed Kade up for the 5K race as a way to train him for the Junior Olympics. He had never run a 10K, not even in training, so the 10K race was never an option.
Kade was pretty fast and he set a 5K record for his age group at last year’s race, so I was surprised to see slower runners crossing the finish line before him. “This is weird. He should be ahead of them. He might just be having a bad race,” I thought to myself. But as the minutes passed, my worry intensified. My heart raced at the thought that Kade might be lost or injured.
Anxious and worried, I drove along the 5K race route in search of Kade, but he was nowhere to be found. A surge of fear and despair overwhelmed me, causing a flood of tears to pour down my face. I turned to race officials and volunteers for help, and people started looking for him.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Later, a volunteer told me he had spotted Kade on the 10K course.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, Kade appeared and crossed the finish line.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Later, a volunteer told me he had spotted Kade on the 10K course. Knowing that he was safe, I let out a sigh of relief. Despite hearing that Kade seemed to be running well, worry hang over me as I realized he had taken a wrong turn and was now running a longer and more challenging race than he had ever trained for I couldn’t help but pace back and for that the finish line, anxiously searching for any sign of my son. With every runner approaching, my heart leaped in hope, only to sink in disappointment when it wasn’t him.
Finally, Kade appeared and crossed the finish line. Relief washed over me at the sight of his face. I hugged him tightly, overwhelmed with pride for his courage, determination, and resilience. “What happened Why did you end up on the 10K course ” I asked my son eagerly. “A race volunteer directed me the wrong way. I didn’t realize the mistake until I saw the 10K turnaround sign, but I didn’t want to give up halfway,” explained Kade. At that moment, I knew without doubt that he was to become a professional runner.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去看儿子凯德参加跑步比赛，半路作者没有看到儿子，担心儿子迷路，最后儿子顺利完成比赛，也学会了变得坚毅勇敢。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“后来，一位志愿者告诉我，他在10K跑道上看到了凯德。”可知，第一段可描写凯德比赛中的表现以及作者的内心变化。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，凯德出现了，冲过了终点线。”可知，第二段可描写凯德完成比赛，作者内心的感受。
2.续写线索：告知儿子消息——焦急等待——凯德出现——完成比赛——自豪拥抱——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①靠近：approach/get close
②寻找：search for/look for
③意识到：realize/be aware of
情绪类
①毅力：resilience/perseverance
②勇敢：courage/nerve
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that he was safe, I let out a sigh of relief. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I didn’t realize the mistake until I saw the 10K turnaround sign, but I didn’t want to give up halfway (运用了until引导时间状语从句)Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
必修1 Unit 5 Languages Around the World
Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
关系副词 先行词 作用
when 时间名词 时间状语 表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which；
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 表地点的介词(如：in, at, on, under等)＋which；
why the reason 原因状语 表原因的介词(如：for)＋which。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
你知道他昨天为什么没有出席会议的原因吗？
1. when的用法
when修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。其先行词通常为time, day, year, week等。
I'll never forget the day when my son was born.
我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。
易错点：当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。
The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.
他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。
2. where的用法
where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。
b.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
c.先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
3. why的用法
why相当于for which, 在从句中作原因状语，但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用that或which引导。
Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you are late again
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
二、关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1 关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。
This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。
My youngest brother，whom I have to look after，is demanding.
我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。
2 关系代词前介词的确定
依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for)
根据先行词来确定。
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)
3 “名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
4 “复合介词短语＋关系代词which”
从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
5 “介词＋which/whom＋不定式”
The poor man has no house in which to live.
→The poor man has no house to live in.
→The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重点。
China is the birthplace of kites，from where kite flying spreads to Japan，Thailand，India and so on.
中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
牙齿、下巴和胸膛
tooth牙齿
Her lips parted, revealing a flash of white teeth.她嘴唇轻启，露出一口洁白的牙齿。
His sparkling white teeth showed through his beautiful smile.在迷人的笑容中，他露出了洁白的牙齿。
She had very pretty straight teeth. 她有一口漂亮、整齐的牙齿。
Chin 下巴
He had clear blue eyes and a jutting chin. 他有一双清激的蓝眼睛和一个突出的下巴
Both of their chins were dotted with beads of sweat.他们两人的下巴上尽是汗珠。
Jack jutted （使突出，伸出）his chin forward and did not answer the teacher.Jack 下巴扬得高高的，没有回答老师的问题。
There he stood: hair in wild tangles, dark stubble (胡子茬) shadowing his chin.他站在那儿，头发乱成一团，下巴上一片黑胡茬。
Chest胸膛
He fell back into the water, his breath rasping （发出刺耳的声音）in his heaving (强烈而有节奏地)他仰面跌进了水中，胸部起伏，呼吸急促。
His athletic chest expanded, taking in a lungful of much needed oxygen.他健壮的胸部向外扩大，吸进一大口急需的氧气。
His chest heaves with every breath. 他的胸脯随着呼吸起伏。
His chest swelled (使凸出，鼓起) with pride as he accepted the award.他领奖时骄傲地挺起胸脯。
二、嘴巴、脸颊、鼻子
Mouth嘴巴
A smile played around his mouth. 他嘴上挂着微笑。
A tight mouth was the only sign of her nerves. 紧闭的嘴是她紧张的唯一迹象。
Chris looked over at her, his mouth grinning with satisfaction.Chris 看着她，满意的咧嘴笑了。
He wiped his greasy（多油的）mouth on his sleeve. 他用袖子擦了擦油膩的嘴。
Her mouth curved into a smile。她嘴角一弯，微笑了。
Her mouth suddenly set in a determined line. 她的嘴突然绷成一条坚定的线。
My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.闻到食物的味道，我就流口水了。
The corners of her mouth turned up in a slight smile. 她嘴角上扬，微微一笑。
There was blood trickling (滴，淌) from the corner of his mouth.鲜血从他的嘴角流了出来。
From one corner of her mouth flowed a stream of fresh blood.从她的一个嘴角流下一道鲜血。
Cheeks脸烦
Georgina softly rubbed the newborn's cherubic （天使般纯真的）cheeks.Georgina 轻轻地摸了摸新生儿那娇嫩的脸颊。
He looked young, dark and sharp-featured, with hollow（ 凹陷的）cheeks.他看起米很年轻，肤色勁黑，五官分明，双烦四陷。
He puffed out his fat cheeks and let out a lungful of steamy breath他鼓起胖乎乎的腮糖子，呼出了一大口热气。4. She had bright, rosy cheeks. 她的脸庞红润、有光泽。
The children had glowing cheeks after race.孩子们跑完步后脸蛋儿红通通的。
When she thought of this, she felt her cheeks burning hot as if the effect of the wine were still upon her.她想到这点就两颊绯红，好像酒力未消一样。
Nose鼻子
His bleeding nose dripped all over the kitchen floor.他的鼻血滴得厨房地板上哪儿都是。
My nose is bunged （鼻塞的）up with a cold.我因伤风而鼻子不通。
She was weeping quite loudly and her nose was running.她很大声地哭着，流着鼻涕。
三、眼睛、眉毛、嘴唇
Eye 眼睛
When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.她抬起眼来的时候，眼睛很大、很特别、很动人。
Dark circles lay round her eyes. 她眼睛周围有黑眼圈。
Her big eyes were shaded by long black lashes（睫毛），curving backward in a most peculiar way.她那黑黑的长睫毛非常别致地朝上弯曲着，掩映着一双大眼睛。
Her arched(拱形的)brows accentuate（强调，使突出）the beauty of her eyes.她那弯弯的眉毛使她的眼睛显得更加美丽。
The object was a blur（模糊形状）to her sleeping eyes.在她的惺忪睡眼看来，那个东西一片模糊。
Her eyes were sparkling like diamonds. 她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光。
Eyebrow眉毛
His eyebrows bushed together. 他的眉毛浓密。
She had attractive angular（有楼角的）eyebrows which framed （给...做框 ) her deep blue eyes.她有一双迷人的有棱有角的眉毛，衬托出她深蓝色的眼睛。
Helen raised her brows in surprise at his boldness.Helen抬了抬眉毛，对他的大胆感到惊讶。
Luke's dark eyebrows lowered questioningly. Luke 疑恐地垂下他的黑眉毛。
Her lips are all pale. 她的嘴唇惨白。
Ryan had a bloodied lip which he explained he got from a scuffle (小扭打，冲突) with Tom.Ryan 的嘴唇在流血，他解释说是和 Tom 扭打的结果。
There was a slight smile on her lips. 她嘴唇上泛起一抹徽笑。
Her lips parted with a cry of fear. 她恐惧地张嘴喊叫。
四、前额脸和面容
Forehead 额头
A line of sweat broke out on her forehead and she thought she might faint.她的额头上冒出一串汗珠，她以为自己可能会晕过去。
Blood rained down from a deep gash in his forehead.他额头上一道深深的伤口血流如注。
His forehead was dripping with perspiration（汗）．他额头在淌汗。
It was a hot July morning, and perspiration glistened on his forehead.那是一个炎热的七月的早晨，汗珠在他的额上闪闪发光。
5.The sweat stood in beads(液体的小珠，小滴）upon his forehead. 他额上冒着汗珠。
6. Linda had a strongly defined chin, a high forehead, and light grey eyes.Linda 有着轮廊分明的下巴、高高的额头和一双浅灰色的眼睛。
7.Looking at her, Jack's forehead knotted in a frown. Jack 注视着她，眉头紧锁。
8.Her stomach gurgled（发汩汩声）and little beads of perspiration formed on her forehead.她的胃咯咯作响，小汗珠涌现在她的前额。
9.She stepped into the room trembling, cold perspiration on her forehead.她走进房间，颤抖不已，额头冒出冷汗。10. She fell against our table and got a large bump on her forehead.她倒地时撞到我们的桌子上，额头起了个大包。11. Some deep wrinkles furrow （使起皱纹 ) his lower forehead.他额头下方出现了几道深深的皱纹。
Face & Features 脸和面容
1.He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and check bones.他有一张大大的方脸，眉毛很重，颧骨突出。
2.His face was blue from the cold. 他的脸冻得发紫。
3. Her face is already lined with the cares of domestic life.她因家事操劳，脸上已经起了皱纹。
4.It was still possible to see in her face something of the freshness and prettiness of her youth.在她脸上仍能看到一点她年轻时的娇艳和美貌。
5.His sunburnt face was the picture of health.他那张晒黑的脸表明他很健康。
6. She had lost much of the roundness of her face, her skin had lost its youth, and her hair was thinner.她往日丰润的脸庞消瘦多了，皮肤失去了青春的光泽，头发也不那么浓密了。
7.She was fine and very pretty, with a face full of expression.她生得清秀，非常美，有一张表情丰富的脸。
五、人体部位
Hair & Beard
1.A light wind passed his brow, fanning softly his uncombed hair and stirring silver points of anxiety in his eyes.微风掠过他的额头，轻拂着他那未经梳理的头发，使焦灼不安的银光在他的眼睛里晃动。
2.As she bent forward, her fine black hair fell over her cheek.她身子前倾时，秀美的黑发倾泻到她的脸颊上。3.Blond hair runs in her family.她全家人都长着金发。
4.Dad looked so handsome, his black hair combed back like Elvis Presley's, a huge grin across his face.爸爸看起来很英俊。他的黑发像 Elvis Presley(貓王）那样梳成大背头，脸上挂着大大的笑容。
5.He had a crop of blond hair and radiant green eyes.他留着金色的平头短发，有一双明亮的绿色眼睛。
6. He had a high forehead and wore spectacles （眼镜)and a slight beard.他额头很高，戴眼镜，留了一些胡子。7.He had brilliant blue eyes, short blonde hair, and a well-defined jaw that made her spellbound.他有着明亮的蓝眼睛、金色短发和棱角分明的下巴，这一切都让她入迷。
8.He is a short fat man with no hair on his head. 他是一个矮胖的光头男人。
9.He was a man of small stature, with hair blanched rather by suffering and sorrow than by age.他是个身材瘦小的人，头发已经灰白------那大概是受苦和忧虑的结果，而不是年龄的原因。
10. Her hair flows down her back. 她的头发垂在背后。
11.Her hair ripples in the spring breeze. 她的头发在春风中像波浪般飘动。
12.Her hair was gray, her clothes ragged. 她头发花白，衣服破烂。
13.Her light brown hair was hanging loose about her neck.她那淡棕色的头发披散在脖子上。
14. Her long fair hair fell untidily over her shoulders.她那长长的浅色色头发凌乱地披在肩上。
15.Her long, fine hair was swept back in a ponytail.她秀美的长发在脑后梳成了马尾辫。
16.Her shoulder-length hair spilled over her face. 她的齐肩长发散落在脸上。
17.Her thick curly black hair was twisted into a knot on her neck.她那浓密的黑色卷发在后脑勺上盘成一个髻。18. Her waist was small, her hair full and jet-black,her eyes liquid and her eyebrows drawnout toward her temples（太阳穴，鬓角）。她腰肢纤细，头发浓密、漆黑，两眼如秋水般明丽，双眉画入两鬓。
19.His black hair was going gray. 他的黑发开始变白了。
20. His face was very red, his hat was on the back of his head. his hair was wildly rumpled（ 弄乱）.他的脸涨得通红，帽子向后斜戴着，头发也乱成一团。
21.His hair is thick, and black as a raven. 他的头发乌黑浓密。
22. Lily caught a lock of her hair and twirled（使旋转，缠绕)it around her finger.Lily抓住一绺头发，绕着手指转圈。22.Little curls clustered round her forehead.她额前留着小卷发。
23. She came, her hair streaming behind her. 她来了，头发在背后飘荡着。
24. She had a fine head of chestnut （粟色的，红棕色的）hair.她有一头栗色的秀发。
25.She has a long golden ponytail that bobs up and down when she walks.她扎着一个走起路来上下摆动的金色长马尾辫。
26. She has a row of curls round her head. 她长着一头卷发。
27. She is a shy young girl and her hair was cut in a short crop.她是个害羞的年轻姑娘，头发剪成很短的平头。教导队。
28. She was a young and lovely girl, with a profusion（大量）of light brown hair, and eyes that seemed to float in liquid crystal.她是一个年轻、可爱的姑娘，长着浓密的淡棕色头发，水灵灵的眼睛如珍珠般闪亮。
29.She was wearing bangs （刘海）on her forehead which gave her a girlish appearance when she laughed, and there was a curious liquid luster (光泽,光彩) in her eyes.她的额前留着刘海儿，这让她笑时有种少女的神态，而且她的眼睛里有一股水汪汪的奇妙光彩。
30.The curly red hair was tied up in a neat little bun（圆发髻）卷曲的红头发扎成一个整齐的小发髻。
31.The girl’s hair was silky.这姑娘的头发像丝绸一样光滑。
32.Mother was no getting old and her hair was almost entirely white,although she was still under fifty.母亲一天天见老，虽然不到五十岁，但她的头发已几乎全白了。
33.The tresses were tossed about her tender throat and were quivering in the sunlight.披拂在她娇嫩的脖子上的发绺，在阳光下轻轻飘动。
34.Their hair was tied up into broad bands on top of their heads.她们的头发编成粗大的辫子盘在头顶。
35.He was a tall,lanky（瘦长的） one with spiked（尖的） hair and a small goatee（山羊胡子）.他个子高高、瘦瘦的，头发粗短呈刺状，留着小山羊胡子。
36.He wears a dense beard.他留着浓密的胡须。
37.His chin is covered by a thick and short beard.他下巴上长满浓密而短的胡子。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
定语从句
1．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）The student coming from the country was starving for the friendship from those ___________come from the city.
2．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）A survey found that there are over 60 million current players in the world, the majority of ___________ live in East Asia.
3．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）The lifestyle, however, was laid down by two historical men of letters. One was Bai Juyi, ___________ rebuilt the West Lake and made a new bank to benefit the locals.
4．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）China’s modernization process over the past four decades has created a new context ___________there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, generating something new and genuine.
5．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）The reason ___________this traditional flatbread happens to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport.
6．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe, ___________members were all tall and mighty like giants.
7．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）The reasons why Chinese is enjoying great popularity are as follows. First, China is already a global economic power, ___________ influence is growing.
8．（2023高三 全国 专题练习）Beside scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures from the space station, during ___________ they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students watching the class on Earth.
9．（23-24高三下 北京 阶段练习）She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with expects in the field from ___________ she gained a deep knowledge.
10．（23-24高三下 广东佛山 阶段练习）At the Chinese art festival, there are different places ___________ artists show their skills and teach the visitors.
11．（2024高三 全国 专题练习）A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___________ gives off light in the dark.
12．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）Using cellphones while driving can often be seen, ___________ is illegal in many countries.
13．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）___________ is announced on the school radio, the sports meet will be held next week.
14．（22-23高三下 福建 开学考试）The manager, in ___________ office I just attended an interview, asked me to 15．（23-24高三下 重庆黔江 阶段练习）This is the only one of the best novels ___________has appeared this year.
16．（23-24高三下 重庆黔江 阶段练习）We’ll discuss a case ___________beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
17．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee, more than 1 million people applied to serve as volunteers and nearly 20，000 were selected, most of ___________ are from colleges and universities in Beijing and Hebei Province.
18．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）She found out her daughter had been sleeping on the floor in a house ___________ dogs and cats moved around, and she worried that older babies might step on her.
19．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）I hope acupuncture, with ___________ help I recovered, will continue to bring health to other people.
20．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）Shaanxi’s biang biang noodles were a comforting and beloved food among locals, for ___________ the back story and written character were common knowledge.
21．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）Beijing, ___________ the Summer Games were held in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both editions of the Olympic Games.
22．（23-24高三下 福建福州 阶段练习）___________is known to all, Tsinghua University is one of the top universities throughout the world.
23．（23-24高三下 全国 期中）Understanding, love and tolerance are the first three essentials ___________ come to an authentic friendship.
24．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）___________ is often the case, some students play computer games so late that they can't finish their homework on time.
25．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）I would like to choose the student, I think is the best, to be our monitor.
26．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）We must believe that we can succeed, ___________ makes it possible for us to overcome the difficulties.
27．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, ___________ she won’t be so busy.
28．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）The couple, ___________ life used to be very hard, have set up a series of chain stores in Europe.
29．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）My mother bought many children's books, nearly half of ___________ were for my sister.
30．（23-24高三上 全国 单元测试）We finally got to the village, ___________ we saw a number of newly-built houses.
31．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）None of the people knew the reason ___________ the car before his house was damaged.
32．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The origin of facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, ___________ leading actors used to wear masks.
33．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings shed tears when they cry, none of ___________ has been proved.
34．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Different colors can create different moods in your space, some of ___________ may not be favorable to sleep.
35．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of ___________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
36．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021 ___________ she became the country's first woman to conduct a spacewalk.
37．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Toward the end of my teaching career, I became a teacher librarian, ___________ aroused my love for being surrounded by books.
38．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Since the first ceremony in 1929, ___________only thirteen awards were given out, the Oscars have grown in size and popularity.
39．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）At present the masters use the full face, painted silk masks, ___________can be worn in layers and be pulled off one by one in the blink of an eye.
40．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The country’s highest honor is given to those ___________ have made great contributions to the development of the People’s Republic of China.
41．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, ___________ causes the storage of fat.
42．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The Journey to the West is the most interesting story ___________I have ever read.
43．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）The first thing coming to my mind is to get a driving license, ___________ is a must for most college students.
44．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）___________ is known to us all, Yang Liwei is the first astronaut in China to enter space.
45．（2024高三下 全国 专题练习）Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, ___________ will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
46．（22-23高三下 福建 开学考试）Chinese mainland, ___________ is indicated in the chart, has risen to 11th place on the 2022 Global Innovation Rating.
读后续写
（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last weekend, I was standing at the finish line of the St. Francis Franny Flyer 5K (五公里赛) route, waiting for my nine-year-old son Kade to pass by.
Kade, though a fourth-grader, was already an experienced runner. He had been a part of a cross-country club since he was six years old. He had loved to run for as long as he could remember. He had been working hard to improve his endurance and running skills as he was determined to be a professional runner and compete in national and international races when he was older.
There were two St. Francis Franny Flyer races happening at the same time that day. The 5K race weaved through neighborhoods, from the church to Pinecone Road and back while the 10K followed the same route but extended north on Pinecone Road. Race volunteers were available on Pinecone Road to show runners the way, and there were also signs directing the two different courses.
I signed Kade up for the 5K race as a way to train him for the Junior Olympics. He had never run a 10K, not even in training, so the 10K race was never an option.
Kade was pretty fast and he set a 5K record for his age group at last year’s race, so I was surprised to see slower runners crossing the finish line before him. “This is weird. He should be ahead of them. He might just be having a bad race,” I thought to myself. But as the minutes passed, my worry intensified. My heart raced at the thought that Kade might be lost or injured.
Anxious and worried, I drove along the 5K race route in search of Kade, but he was nowhere to be found. A surge of fear and despair overwhelmed me, causing a flood of tears to pour down my face. I turned to race officials and volunteers for help, and people started looking for him.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Later, a volunteer told me he had spotted Kade on the 10K course.
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Finally, Kade appeared and crossed the finish line.
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