必修一 Welcome Unit 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·陕西安康·模拟预测）We are delighted to confirm that your application for Master of Materials Research at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) has been successful. Details of your offer are listed below.
English Language Requirements
Pass IELTS (Academic) with a score of 6.5 including 6.0 in writing and 5.5 or above in all other components. Or pass an acceptable English language test found on our web pages: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/international-students/englishlanguagerequirements/.
Expected Academic Standard
We normally calculate the final overall mark of degrees using the weighted average method. This means that we will take into account the credit value of all modules (单元) (from all years) that have been credited. For module marks that use a range, we will use the mid-point of the range for our final average calculation.
Please note this offer is also conditional on your academic degree being awarded with all final year modules at 70% or above.Offer Holder Day
Log in now to your applicant portal (门户网站) to book your place on one of our offer holder events. Here you will be able to find out more about the school you have applied to, speak directly to students and staff and experience the quality of teaching in one of our taster lectures.
Deposit (订金)
In order to secure your place at Queen Mary University of London, in addition to meeting your conditions of offer, you will be required to pay a deposit of 2,000 (2,000 GBP) towards your tuition fee.
1．What score should you get at least in IELTS writing if you want to be accepted
A．5.5. B．6.0. C．6.5. D．7.0.
2．How will the final overall mark of degrees be worked out
A．By applying the weighted average method.
B．By measuring credits of all modules.
C．By referring to the mid-point of the range.
D．By calculating 70% of the final marks.
3．What can you do on Offer Holder Day
A．Give a lecture. B．Pay a deposit.
C．Talk with fellow students. D．Sign up for a sport.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章大意是通知申请者他们的材料研究硕士课程申请已经成功，并列出了一些录取条件和要求。
1．细节理解题。根据English Language Requirements中的“Pass IELTS (Academic) with a score of 6.5 including 6.0 in writing(通过雅思学术类考试，总分达到6.5分，其中写作部分达到6.0分)”可知，要想被伦敦玛丽女王大学录取，IELTS写作至少需要获得6.0分。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Expected Academic Standard中的“We normally calculate the final overall mark of degrees using the weighted average method(我们通常使用加权平均法来计算学位的最终总成绩)”可知，拿到学位的最终总分是通过“加权平均法（the weighted average method）”获得的。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据Offer Holder Day中的“Here you will be able to find out more about the school you have applied to, speak directly to students and staff and experience the quality of teaching in one of our taster lectures. ( 在这里，您将能够更深入地了解您所申请的学校，直接与学生和教职员工交谈，并在我们的一节试听课中体验教学质量。)”可知，在Offer Holder Day可以与同学聊天。故选C。
B
（2024·湖南怀化·一模）Due to the fact that the average life expectancy in Ghana is 64 years old, and the most common causes of death are largely treatable conditions, such as malaria, stroke, and respiratory infections. Boateng, growing up in a small village in southern Ghana/struggling to access basic health care, felt an urgent call to help and decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana.
Boateng worked hard in school, getting a scholarship to study biology at Cornell University in the US, and ultimately earned his master’s in Healthcare Administration. Later he started his nonprofit, OKB Hope Foundation, and converted a van into a mobile doctor’s office called the Hope Health Van to bring health care directly to those in need in 2021.
A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities in Ghana and provide free routine medical care. On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, a physician’s assistant, a doctor, and an operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis as well as prescribe and provide medications. “It’s like a one-stop shop for people,” said Boateng, adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another.
Since its launch, Boateng says the Hope Health Van has served more than 4, 000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care. To supplement the mobile clinic, Boateng’s organization has also trained 20 volunteers to serve as local health advocates. They check people’s vitals and provide the medical team with timely data for assessing how to move forward with care and treatment, especially for those whose health is at risk.
In the future, Boateng hopes to expand to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but in other countries as well. “I believe that our model can be replicated in sub-Saharan Africa,” he said.
4．What inspired Boateng to set his life goal
A．He wanted to get a scholarship.
B．Many locals died of deadly diseases.
C．The birthplace of him was small and poor.
D．Basic health care was inaccessible for locals.
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How Boateng’s team functions. B．Why Boateng’s team was founded.
C．What Boateng’s team has achieved. D．Where Boateng’s team has travelled.
6．What is Boateng’s attitude to his team in the future
A．Ambiguous. B．Ambitious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．A van bringing medical care to thousands
B．A country lacking basic health care
C．Efforts to provide people with medications
D．Mobile vans travelling through Ghana
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述Boateng的个人故事，展示了他如何致力于改善加纳偏远地区的基本医疗保健服务，并期望将这种模式复制到其他国家。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Boateng, growing up in a small village in southern Ghana/struggling to access basic health care, felt an urgent call to help and decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana.( Boateng在加纳南部的一个小村庄长大，很难获得基本的医疗保健，他感到迫切需要帮助，并决定把为加纳偏远社区提供医疗保健作为自己的一生使命。)”可知，Boateng在加纳南部的一个小村庄长大，很难获得基本的医疗保健，因此感到迫切需要帮助，所以Boateng决定把为加纳偏远社区提供医疗保健作为自己的一生使命。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段内容“A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities in Ghana and provide free routine medical care. On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, a physician’s assistant, a doctor, and an operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis as well as prescribe and provide medications. “It’s like a one-stop shop for people,” said Boateng, adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another.(流动诊所和医疗队每周几次长途跋涉前往加纳的偏远社区，提供免费的常规医疗服务。每次旅行，Boateng的团队都由一名护士、一名医师助理、一名医生和一名手术助理组成。在这辆面包车里，他们可以进行血液检查和尿液分析等基本实验室，也可以开处方和提供药物。Boateng说：“这对人们来说就像一站式商店。”他补充说，他们看到的大多数人都有这样或那样的健康问题。)”可知，第三段主要讲述的Boateng团队的运作方式，如行医频率、团队组成和工作细则等。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In the future, Boateng hopes to expand to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but in other countries as well. “I believe that our model can be replicated in sub-Saharan Africa,” he said.(未来，Boateng希望扩大规模，不仅为生活在加纳偏远地区的人们，也为其他国家的人们提供更加稳定和高质量的医疗服务。“我相信我们的模式可以在撒哈拉以南非洲复制，”他说。)”可知，Boateng希望未来不仅为生活在加纳偏远地区的人们，也为其他国家的人们提供更加稳定和高质量的医疗服务。由此可知，Boateng表达了他对自己团队的期望和愿景，他提到“我们有一个更大的愿景——将这种模式复制到非洲其他国家”。这表明他对团队的未来持有雄心勃勃的态度，希望他们能够在更广泛的范围内取得成功和产生影响。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Boateng worked hard in school, getting a scholarship to study biology at Cornell University in the US, and ultimately earned his master’s in Healthcare Administration. Later he started his nonprofit, OKB Hope Foundation, and converted a van into a mobile doctor’s office called the Hope Health Van to bring health care directly to those in need in 2021.( Boateng在学校努力学习，获得了美国康奈尔大学生物学专业的奖学金，并最终获得了医疗管理硕士学位。后来，他创办了自己的非营利组织OKB希望基金会，并将一辆面包车改装成移动医生办公室，名为“Hope Health Van”，于2021年直接为有需要的人提供医疗服务。)”以及全文内容可知，文本主要讲述了Boateng通过他的非营利组织以及Hope Health Van来改善加纳偏远社区的医疗保健服务的努力。这辆车直接为有需要的人提供医疗服务，为加纳多个农村社区的超过4000人提供服务。因此，选项A“A van bringing medical care to thousands (一辆为数千人带来医疗服务的车)”准确地概括了文本的主要内容和重点。故选A。
C
（2024·江苏南通·三模）In a recent study of healthy volunteers, National Institutes of Health researchers discovered that our brains may replay memories of learning new skills when we rest.
NIH researchers have mapped out the brain activity that flows when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new song on the piano, and found that during short rest the volunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versions of the activity seen while they practiced typing a code. The more a volunteer replayed the activity the better they performed during subsequent practice sessions.
The study was conducted at the NIH Clinical Center. The team of Dr. Cohen, M.D．, senior investigator at the NIH’s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), used a highly sensitive scanning technique to record the brain waves of 33 healthy, right-handed volunteers as they learned to type a five-digit test code with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner’s long, cone-shaped cap. An experiment began when a subject was shown the code “41234” on a screen and asked to type it out as many times as possible for 10 seconds and then take a 10 second break. Subjects were asked to repeat this cycle of alternating (交替的) practice and rest sessions a total of 35 times.
During the first few trials, the speed at which subjects correctly typed the code improved dramatically and then leveled off around the 11th cycle. In a previous study, Dr. Cohen’s team showed that most of these gains happened during short rests, and not when the subjects were typing. Moreover, the gains were greater than those made after a night’s sleep and were related with a decrease in the size of brain waves, called beta rhythms. In this new report, the researchers searched for something different in the subjects’ brain waves.
“We wanted to explore the mechanisms (机制) behind memory strengthening seen during wakeful rest. Several forms of memory appear to rely on the replaying of neural (神经的) activity, so we decided to test this idea out for procedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch, Ph.D．, a staff scientist on Dr. Cohen’s team and leader of the study. To do this, Dr. Buch developed a computer program which allowed the team to understand the brain wave activity associated with typing each number in the test code.
Interestingly, they found that the more a volunteer replayed, the better their performance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, our results support the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate recovery from stroke.” said Dr. Cohen.
8．What have NIH researchers recently found
A．The brain activity slowly flows when we learn a new skill.
B．The value of short practice sessions can’t be overestimated.
C．Short rest makes no difference to the neural replay of the activity.
D．The frequency of brain replay contributes to practice performances.
9．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3
A．The process of the research.
B．The facilities of the research.
C．The application of the research.
D．The preparations of the research.
10．Why did Dr. Buch develop a computer program
A．To distinguish the first 11 cycles from the later ones.
B．To confirm the role of neural replay in skill learning.
C．To explore the potential effects of procedural learning.
D．To find out the reasons for the changes in brain waves.
11．What does Dr. Cohen think of the research findings
A．Acceptable.
B．Promising.
C．Shallow.
D．Dismissive.
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一研究中，研究人员发现当人们休息时，大脑可能会重放学习新技能的记忆。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“NIH researchers have mapped out the brain activity that flows when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new song on the piano, and found that during short rest the volunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versions of the activity seen while they practiced typing a code. The more a volunteer replayed the activity the better they performed during subsequent practice sessions. (美国国立卫生研究院的研究人员绘制出了我们学习一项新技能时的大脑活动，比如在钢琴上弹奏一首新歌。他们发现，在短暂的休息期间，志愿者的大脑会快速地、反复地重播他们练习打字时看到的更快版本的活动。志愿者重复练习的次数越多，他们在随后的练习中表现就越好)”可知，美国国立卫生研究院的研究人员最近发现大脑回放的频率有助于练习表现。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The study was conducted at the NIH Clinical Center. The team of Dr. Cohen, M.D., senior investigator at the NIH’s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), used a highly sensitive scanning technique to record the brain waves of 33 healthy, right-handed volunteers as they learned to type a five-digit test code with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner’s long, cone-shaped cap. An experiment began when a subject was shown the code “41234” on a screen and asked to type it out as many times as possible for 10 seconds and then take a 10 second break. Subjects were asked to repeat this cycle of alternating (交替的) practice and rest sessions a total of 35 times. (这项研究在美国国立卫生研究院临床中心进行。科恩博士是美国国立卫生研究院国家神经疾病和中风研究所(NINDS)的高级研究员，他的团队使用了一种高度敏感的扫描技术，记录了33名健康的右撇子志愿者在学习用左手输入五位数测试代码时的脑电波。受试者坐在椅子上，在扫描仪的长锥形帽下。实验开始时，受试者在屏幕上看到代码“41234”，并被要求在10秒内尽可能多地输入该代码，然后休息10秒。受试者被要求重复这种交替练习和休息的循环，总共35次)”可知，本段在介绍研究的过程。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段““We wanted to explore the mechanisms (机制) behind memory strengthening seen during wakeful rest. Several forms of memory appear to rely on the replaying of neural (神经的) activity, so we decided to test this idea out for procedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch, Ph.D., a staff scientist on Dr. Cohen’s team and leader of the study. To do this, Dr. Buch developed a computer program which allowed the team to understand the brain wave activity associated with typing each number in the test code. (“我们想探索清醒休息期间记忆增强背后的机制。有几种形式的记忆似乎依赖于神经活动的重演，所以我们决定在程序技能学习中验证这个想法，”科恩团队的一名科学家、该研究的负责人Ethan R. Buch博士说。为了做到这一点，布赫博士开发了一个计算机程序，使团队能够了解与输入测试代码中的每个数字相关的脑电波活动)”可知，Buch博士要开发一个计算机程序是为了确认神经重放在技能学习中的作用。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Interestingly, they found that the more a volunteer replayed, the better their performance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, our results support the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate recovery from stroke.” said Dr. Cohen. (有趣的是，他们发现志愿者重复播放的次数越多，他们的表现就越好。“我们对最后的结果感到有点惊讶。总的来说，我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即在清醒休息期间的重放活动可能是一种强大的工具，研究人员可以使用它来帮助个人更快地学习新技能，并可能促进中风后的恢复。”Cohen博士说)”可推知，Cohen博士对研究结果是认同的。故选A。
D
（23-24高三下·河南焦作·阶段练习）Carl Wieman, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist at Standford University, excelled in the lab, where he created the Bose-Einstein condensate (玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚态). However, his mastery in the lab did not extend to the classroom. For years, he wrestled with what seemed to be a straightforward task: making undergraduates comprehend physics as he did. Laying it out for them — explaining, even demonstrating the core concepts of the discipline—was not working. Despite his clear explanations, his students’ capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.
It was in an unexpected place that he found the key to the problem: not in his classrooms but among the graduate students(研究生) who came to work in his lab. When his PH.D．candidates entered the lab, Wieman noticed, their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates. Within a year or two, however, these same graduate students transformed into the flexible thinkers he was trying so earnestly, and unsuccessfully, to cultivate. “Some kind of intellectual process must have been missing from the traditional education,” Wieman recounts.
A major factor in the graduate students’ transformation, Wieman concluded, was their experience of intense social engagement around a body of knowledge — the hours they spent advising, debating with, and recounting anecdotes to one another. In 2019, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences backed this idea. Tracking the intellectual advancement of several hundred graduate students in the sciences over the course of four years, its authors found that the development of crucial skills such as generating hypotheses (假设), designing experiments, and analyzing data was closely related to the students’ engagement with their peers in the lab, rather than the guidance they received from their faculty mentors (导师).
Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this “active learning” approach to their courses. His aspiration is to move science education away from the lecture format, toward a model that is more active and more engaged.
12．What problem did Carl Wieman have with his undergraduates
A．Making them excel in the lab. B．Demonstrating lab experiments.
C．Facilitating their all-round development. D．Enhancing their physics problem-solving.
13．Which of the following best describes the graduate students who first joined Wieman’s lab
A．Limited in thinking. B．Resistant to new ideas.
C．Flexible and earnest. D．Experienced and cooperative.
14．What is crucial for developing students’ intelligent thought according to the 2019 study
A．Intense lab work. B．Peer pressure and evaluation.
C．Academic interaction with fellows. D．Engagement with external society.
15．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Transforming Graduates’ Habits B．Carl Wieman’s Nobel Prize Journey
C．The Nobel-Prize Winner’s Struggles D．Carl Wieman’s Education Innovation
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者美国斯坦福大学教授Carl Wieman试图帮助本科生提高解决问题的能力而进行了教学创新，将“主动学习”的方法引入课程，希望将科学教育从讲座形式转变为一种更加积极和更加投入的模式。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Despite his clear explanations, his students’ capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.(尽管他解释得很清楚，但他的学生解决他提出的问题的能力仍然不足)”可知，他的学生（本科生）仍然无法提高解决他提出的问题的能力，即他在提高学生的物理解题能力方面遇到了问题。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“When his PH.D. candidates entered the lab, Wieman noticed, their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates.(Wieman注意到，当他的博士候选人，即，研究生们进入实验室时，他们的思维习惯和本科生一样狭隘和僵化)”可知，初入实验室时的他们思维习惯和本科生一样狭隘和僵化。由此推知，选项A“Limited in thinking.(思维有限)”是对刚开始进入实验室的研究生的描述。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Tracking the intellectual advancement of several hundred graduate students in the sciences over the course of four years, its authors found that the development of crucial skills such as generating hypotheses, designing experiments, and analyzing data was closely related to the students’ engagement with their peers in the lab…(该报告的作者在四年的时间里追踪了数百名科学研究生的智力发展，发现关键技能的发展，如提出假设、设计实验和分析数据，与学生在实验室与同龄人的互动密切相关……)”可知，2019年的研究发现关键技能的发展，比如提出假设、设计实验和分析数据等这些思维方面的关键技能，与学生在实验室与同龄人的互动密切相关。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的总结“Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this “active learning” approach to their courses. His aspiration is to move science education away from the lecture format, toward a model that is more active and more engaged.(越来越多的斯坦福大学教授将这种“主动学习”的方法引入他们的课程，Wieman就是其中之一。他的愿望是将科学教育从讲座形式转变为一种更加积极和更加投入的模式)”可知，文章主要讲述了Carl Wieman在教学中发现学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力较差，并找到了解决方案——在实验室的研究生身上发现思维能力的提升关键是和同伴进行的学术交流，从而将“主动学习”的方法引入课程。由此可知，选项D“Carl Wieman’s Education Innovation(Carl Wieman的教育创新) ”适合作本文标题。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·湖北黄冈·三模）In our modern economy, accelerated learning can be crucial for success. Learning faster means gaining more knowledge—quicker than others. 16 Anyone can learn from them and accelerate their learning process with the following bine Learning Styles That Play to Your Strengths
When you aim to accelerate your learning, what you choose to learn should not be limited to a curriculum or classroom structure. 17 Different materials along with your learning style can accelerate or slow down your comprehension process. The best learning style is the one that makes it easier to process, or comprehend ideas, and subjects faster. Once you know your learning strengths and weaknesses, you can choose learning strategies that play to your strengths. Seek First to Understand The Basic Structure of The Topic You Choose
18 So you need to seek first to understand the basics. In other words, you have to get to know the tree’s root, trunk, then branch out from there. Don’t start from the branches or the leaves, pursue the root and work your way to the topic. Therefore, whatever topic you choose to learn or study, just start with the basics. Give Yourself Plenty of Time in Both “Focused” And “Diffused”(分散的)Modes
Normally, the human brain is not meant to stay in “focused” mode for hours at a time. 19 Consequently, when your brain is active for a very long time, you’re actually blocking your access to the diffused mode — a more relaxed state.
Therefore, diffused mode is just as valuable as the focused mode. So — just take breaks, let your mind wander, think about other things, and give your brain plenty of time to make better connections. 20
A．You can benefit a lot from staying focused.
B．Smart learners don’t have any special secrets.
C．You should try to choose whatever you like best.
D．Every topic or subject has a logical structure to it.
E．Then you can learn better by imposing breaks on yourself.
F．Long-lasting attention to a single task can block memory and recall.
G．You can practically choose content from many sources, experts, and authors.
【答案】16．B 17．G 18．D 19．F 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些技巧以帮助人们更加有效地进行快速学习。
16．根据空后的“Anyone can learn from them and accelerate their learning process with the following techniques. (任何人都可以向他们学习，并通过以下技巧加速他们的学习过程)”可推测，空处提到了一些会快速学习的人。选项B“Smart learners don’t have any special secrets.(聪明的学习者没有什么特别的秘密。)”中的“Smart learners”与下文的“them”保持一致，内容上也自然引出下文内容。故选B。
17．根据标题“Combine Learning Styles That Play to Your Strengths (结合能发挥你优势的学习方式)”以及空前的“When you aim to accelerate your learning, what you choose to learn should not be limited to a curriculum or classroom structure. (当你的目标是加速你的学习，你选择学习不应该局限于课程或课堂结构)”可知，我们可以选择学习课程或课堂之外的内容；而下文“Different materials along with your learning style can accelerate or slow down your comprehension process.(根据你的学习方式选择不同的材料可以加速或减缓你的理解过程)”则指出不同的学习内容选择不同的学习方式。选项G“You can practically choose content from many sources, experts, and authors. (实际上，您可以从许多来源、专家和作者中选择内容。)”与上下文内容一致，指的是选择不同的学习内容，并采用适当的学习方式。故选G。
18．根据下文“So you need to seek first to understand the basics. In other words, you have to get to know the tree’s root, trunk, then branch out from there. Don’t start from the branches or the leaves, pursue the root and work your way to the topic. Therefore, whatever topic you choose to learn or study, just start with the basics.(所以你需要先了解基础知识。换句话说，你必须了解树的根，树干，然后从那里伸出树枝。不要从枝叶入手，要追根溯源，直达主题。因此，无论你选择学习或研究什么主题，都要从基础开始)”可知，我们要了解自己所学内容的结构。选项D“Every topic or subject has a logical structure to it.(每个话题或主题都有一个逻辑结构。)”自然引出下文内容，指出每个话题或主题都有一个逻辑结构，所以我们应该了解自己所学内容的逻辑结构。故选D。
19．根据空前内容“Normally, the human brain is not meant to stay in “focused” mode for hours at a time.(正常情况下，人类的大脑不会一次保持几个小时的“专注”模式)”可知，人类大脑不会一直保持专注。选项F“Long-lasting attention to a single task can block memory and recall.(长时间专注于一项任务会阻碍记忆和回忆。)”与上文内容一致，指的是人类大脑不能一直保持专注，同时引出下文“Consequently, when your brain is active for a very long time, you’re actually blocking your access to the diffused mode—a more relaxed state.(因此，当你的大脑长时间处于活跃状态时，你实际上是在阻碍你进入扩散模式——一种更放松的状态)”。故选F。
20．根据上文内容“Therefore, diffused mode is just as valuable as the focused mode. So—just take breaks, let your mind wander, think about other things, and give your brain plenty of time to make better connections.(因此，扩散模式和聚焦模式一样有价值。所以，只要休息一下，让你的思想游离，想想其他事情，给你的大脑足够的时间来建立更好的联系)”可知，上文提出我们应该劳逸结合。选项E“Then you can learn better by imposing breaks on yourself.(然后你可以通过给自己一些休息时间来学得更好。)”与上文内容相符，指出休息会让学习效果更好。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·广东江门·二模）Spanish class scared me in the freshman year. I knew little Spanish before starting the class, and I thought it would be 21 for me. However, Mary, our honored Spanish teacher, who was full of creativity, made her class fun from the beginning. I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, but there was always some slight 22 .
Before the exam, Mary often asked us to 23 our lessons by ourselves. But I could remember one day she said, “This time, let’s play a game before going over what you’ve learned.” The game was so interesting that we all 24 ourselves. After the exam, Mary gave us opportunities to make up for our 25 . After each error correction, she would check again. She took things so 26 that she wouldn’t overlook any detail. No wonder she was 27 by us.
Mary was 28 and willing to help, within reason, on everything. We could ask her questions at any time. She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class. Because of that, I was 29 enough, and then I could communicate with Spanish speakers outside of class. When she knew our problems, she would give advice. When someone was struggling, she would 30 .
Mary’s 31 teaching eventually transformed my 32 into fascination. She infused (灌输) foreign culture into lessons, using music and dance to 33 our language skills. Her personalized attention to each student’s needs fostered a(n) 34 environment. At the end of the term, my Spanish improved, and my confidence soared. Mary left a lasting impact on my 35 for new challenges.
21．A．exciting B．easy C．boring D．beneficial
22．A．variation B．disturbance C．annoyance D．inconvenience
23．A．explain B．describe C．prepare D．review
24．A．challenged B．enjoyed C．trusted D．developed
25．A．experience B．time C．losses D．mistakes
26．A．seriously B．roughly C．modestly D．curiously
27．A．amused B．respected C．judged D．spotted
28．A．understanding B．humble C．athletic D．courageous
29．A．discouraged B．suspected C．heartened D．comforted
30．A．stand out B．reach out C．get around D．get by
31．A．passive B．conventional C．voluntary D．innovative
32．A．fear B．sorrow C．anger D．confusion
33．A．know B．match C．enhance D．assess
34．A．secure B．supportive C．economic D．competitive
35．A．pity B．profit C．debate D．desire
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为西班牙语老师的创新教学而增强了自信心，西班牙语也得到了提高。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在开始上课之前，我几乎不懂西班牙语，我想这对我来说会很无聊。A. exciting令人激动地；B. easy容易的；C. boring无聊的；D. beneficial有益的。根据上文“I knew little Spanish”可知，作者语言不通，感到上课无聊。故选C。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道每周的日程安排会发生什么，但总会有一些细微的变化。A. variation变化；B. disturbance干扰；C. annoyance烦恼；D. inconvenience不方便。根据上文“I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, but there was always some slight”中but表示转折，说明虽然知道日程安排，但总是会有一些细微的变化。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考前，玛丽经常让我们自己复习功课。A. explain解释；B. describe描述；C. prepare准备；D. review复习。根据后文“before going over what you’ve learned”可知，老师让他们复习功课。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：游戏很有趣，我们都玩得很开心。A. challenged挑战；B. enjoyed欣赏；C. trusted信任；D. developed发展。根据上文“The game was so interesting that we all”可知，游戏有趣，他们玩得高兴，短语enjoy oneself。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：考试后，玛丽给了我们弥补错误的机会。A. experience经历；B. time时间；C. losses损失；D. mistakes错误。根据后文“After each error correction, she would check again.(每次改正错误后，她都会再检查一遍)”指老师让学生纠错。故选D。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她对待事情非常认真，以至于她不会忽视任何细节。A. seriously认真地；B. roughly大概；C. modestly谦虚地；D. curiously好奇地。根据后文“she wouldn’t overlook any detail”可知，不忽视细节说明对待事情认真。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：难怪她受到我们的尊敬。A. amused娱乐；B. respected尊重；C. judged判断；D. spotted发现。根据上文的描述可知，玛丽老师做事认真，得到了学生的尊敬和喜爱。故选B。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：玛丽通情达理，愿意在合理的范围内帮助任何事情。A. understanding理解的；B. humble谦虚的；C. athletic运动的；D. courageous勇敢的。根据后文“and willing to help, within reason, on everything”可知，玛丽老师通情达理，愿意提供帮助。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，我很有信心，然后我可以在课外和说西班牙语的人交流。A. discouraged使沮丧；B. suspected怀疑；C. heartened激励；D. comforted安慰。根据上文“She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class.(她鼓励大家在课堂上说西班牙语)”可知，作者得到了老师的激励。故选C。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当有人挣扎时，她会伸出手来。A. stand out突出；B. reach out伸出手；C. get around四处走动；D. get by维持生计。根据上文“When she knew our problems, she would give advice.( 当她知道我们的问题时，她会给出建议)”可知，玛丽乐于助人，有人有困难，她愿意伸出援手。故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的创新教学最终把我的恐惧变成了迷恋。A. passive被动的；B. conventional传统的；C. voluntary志愿的；D. innovative创新的。根据上文“However, Mary, our honored Spanish teacher, who was full of creativity(然而，我们尊敬的西班牙语老师玛丽，她充满了创造力)”可知，玛丽的教学是创新的。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的创新教学最终把我的恐惧变成了迷恋。A. fear恐惧；B. sorrow悲伤；C. anger愤怒；D. confusion困惑。根据上文“Spanish class scared me in the freshman year.(大一时的西班牙语课把我吓坏了)”可知，作者一开始害怕西班牙语课。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把外国文化融入到课程中，用音乐和舞蹈来提高我们的语言技能。A. know知道；B. match匹配；C. enhance加强；D. assess评估。根据后文“our language skills”可知，把外国文化融入到课程中，用音乐和舞蹈是为了提高我们的语言技能。故选C。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每个学生的个性化关注培养了一个良好的支持性环境。A. secure稳固的；B. supportive支持的；C. economic经济的；D. competitive比赛的。根据上文“Her personalized attention to each student’s needs”可知，老师关注每一个学生，即支持学生、关注学生培养了一个良好的支持性环境。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛丽给我对新挑战的渴望留下了持久的影响。A. pity遗憾；B. profit利益；C. debate辩论；D. desire渴望。根据上文“At the end of the term, my Spanish improved, and my confidence soared.(学期结束时，我的西班牙语提高了，我的信心大增)”可知，作者自信增强了，所以渴望新挑战。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（22-23高三上·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Learning Chinese calligraphy 36 (list) as one of the must-do things when I came to China. Now, I’m in the course of learning this unique art, 37 value is considered very high in China, even across East Asia today. It is not only 38 ancient artistic form of human language, but it also reflects Chinese traditions.
As someone who paints, draws, and loves all 39 (create) things, at first, I assumed I would be rather good at Chinese calligraphy. I was 40 (total ) wrong. Using thick brush tips to produce awkward brush strokes (笔画) 41 (be) very difficult for a beginner. I have no idea about the different types of calligraphy and the meanings 42 ( hide) behind each one. Also, I have to hold the paintbrush 43 a very specific way; unlike a pen or pencil, the paintbrush is held upright in the hand. I need to be extra careful when changing the angle or 44 (direct) of the brush, especially if I press too hard on the paper.
After taking the lesson, I now understand the difficulty of calligraphy and that it will take efforts and commitment 45 (master) this art form. Yet, I am grateful to learn such a special Chinese tradition.
【答案】36．was listed 37．whose 38．an 39．creative 40．totally 41．is 42．hidden 43．in 44．direction 45．to master
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位热爱艺术的外国人学习中国书法的经历。
36．考查动词时态语态。句意：当我来到中国时，学习中国书法被列为必须做的事情之一。根据“when I came to China”可知，此处应用一般过去时，动词list意为“列举”，和主语构成被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为动名词短语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was listed。
37．考查定语从句。句意：现在，我正在学习这门独特的艺术，它的价值在中国甚至在今天的东亚都被认为非常高。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是art，在从句中作value的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
38．考查冠词。句意：它不仅是人类语言的一种古老艺术形式，而且反映了中国的传统。名词form意为“形式”，为可数名词，此处为第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，ancient是以元音音素开头的词，应用an。故填an。
39．考查形容词。句意：作为一个绘画、作图和热爱一切创造性事物的人，一开始，我以为我会相当擅长中国书法。修饰名词things，应用形容词creative，表示“创造性的”，作定语。故填creative。
40．考查副词。句意：我完全错了。修饰形容词wrong，应用副词totally，表示“完全地”作状语。故填totally。
41．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：对于初学者来说，使用粗笔尖来产生难处理的笔触是非常困难的。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填is。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道书法的不同类型以及每一种书法背后隐藏的含义。动词hide意为“隐藏”，和谓语之间没有连词，需填非谓语动词形式，hide和逻辑主语meanings构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填hidden。
43．考查介词。句意：此外，我必须以一种非常特殊的方式握住画笔；与钢笔或铅笔不同，画笔笔直地握在手中。in a…way为固定搭配，意为“用一种……的方式”。故填in。
44．考查名词。句意：在改变画笔的角度或方向时，我需要格外小心，尤其是当我用力按压纸张时。此处应用名词direction表示“方向”作动词changing的宾语。故填direction。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：在上了这堂课之后，我现在明白了书法的难度，需要努力和投入才能掌握这种艺术形式。此处用it作形式主语，to do不定式为真正的主语。故填to master。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·重庆荣昌·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter以优异的成绩通过考试，取得了到中国某大学留学的资格。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 请教学习方法；
3. 期待在中国见面。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m rather glad to learn that you have passed the examination and obtained the qualification to study in China. I’d like to express my sincere congratulations on your success.
I’m deeply encouraged by what you’ve achieved. Although I work hard every day to prepare for the upcoming college entrance examination, I feel my learning efficiency isn’t satisfactory. Could you be kind enough to share your learning experience with me Meanwhile, I’m so much inspired by what you have achieved and, you know, to study in a key university is a dream deep-rooted in my mind. How can I make a step forward from where I am
Looking forward to your coming to China. I hope we can meet in China during the summer vacation.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生的英国笔友 Peter以优异的成绩通过考试，取得了到中国某大学留学的资格。请给他写封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
快乐的：glad→pleased
获得：obtain→gain
鼓励：encourage→motivate
表达：express→extend
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Although I work hard every day to prepare for the upcoming college entrance examination, I feel my learning efficiency isn’t satisfactory.
拓展句：Working hard every day to prepare for the upcoming college entrance examination, I feel my learning efficiency isn’t satisfactory.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m deeply encouraged by what you’ve achieved.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I’m rather glad to learn that you have passed the examination and obtained the qualification to study in China.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·福建福州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I didn’t like Del so much. He always called me the nickname “Germy”, which meant “dirty”, instead of my real name “Jamie”. Besides, he was known as a trouble-maker in school. So when the head teacher Mr. Smith asked Del to come to his office, I naturally thought that Del had done something mean to someone. Through the window, I caught sight of a smaller boy crying. Del seemed unhappy, too.
He did not return to class that day. All of us were discussing what had happened to him. What else could such an annoying boy do “He must have hit the boy and was sent home,” I whispered to my friends. Their eyes widened. It felt good to see them so interested in what I said.
The next morning, the whole school was talking about Del being expelled(开除) for beating up a kid. I was surprised that my assumptions were passed on so quickly. So when Del walked into the classroom, all the kids were shocked. The kids next to him shift ed their desks away. “What’s your problem ” Del asked. “I don’t want you to attack me,” one kid said. Some laughed. “Yeah, I might,” said Del. I could tell he was joking, but many kids thought he admitted he did beat up someone.
During recess(课间休息), Del tried to join the kickball game. “Neither team wants you,” one of the players said. “Why ” Del asked, looking confused. “I always play with you guys.” They ignored him and went on playing. Del sat by himself while the rest of the school enjoyed their recess away from him. Del looked lonely and sad, much different from before. I started to feel sorry for him.
Later that day, I learned what really happened. The kid was Del’s little brother and he was crying because their mother fell ill and was sent to hospital. I felt even sorrier for what I said before. I started a rumor(谣言).
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At recess the next day, I saw Del sitting alone watching the kickball game.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now that Del had forgiven me, I decided to do more before the recess was over.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】At recess the next day, I saw Del sitting alone watching the kickball game. Not wanting him to feel left out, I walked over and sat down beside him. “Hey Germy,” he said. “My name is Jamie.” I replied. I wanted to apologize for starting that rumor about him, but I was too ashamed to say it out loudly. “Del, do you want to play kickball with us ” I asked instead. He looked surprised but happy at the same time. After a moment of silence, he nodded his head.
Now that Del had forgiven me, I decided to do more before the recess was over. I stood up and shouted to the other kids, “Guys, come here! Let’s play kickball together! ” Some of them hesitated, but they eventually joined us. Del was smiling again and so were we. As we played, I realized that Del wasn’t as bad as I thought he was. He was just a normal kid who wanted to have fun and be accepted by others. From then on, whenever someone tried to start a rumor about him, I would stand up for him and tell them the truth about Del. We became good friends, and I learned an important lesson about judging people based on rumors.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者不喜欢一个名叫Del的同学，因为那同学总是称呼作者外号，并且是有名的捣蛋鬼。一次校长把Del叫去办公室，作者透过窗户看到另一个小男孩在哭泣，Del也不高兴，作者认为Del打了人，要被学校开除了，就把自己想象的结果传播给同学，同学们信以为真。Del回到学校后，大家都不和他玩，他很孤独。后来作者知道了真相，校长把Del叫去办公室，是因为他妈妈病了，那个哭泣的小孩是Del的弟弟。作者知道自己传播了谣言，感觉对不起Del，作者主动和Del打招呼，带动其他同学和Del一起玩。他们最终成为好朋友的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天课间休息时，我看见Del独自坐着看踢球比赛。”可知，第一段可描写作者想要主动和Del打招呼，和Del一起玩。
②由第二段首句内容“既然Del已经原谅了我，我决定在课间休息结束前做更多的事情。”可知，第二段可描写作者带动其他同学和Del一起玩，通过交流他们成为好朋友。
2.续写线索：走过去——打招呼——道歉——请求一起玩——带动其他同学一起玩——成为好朋友——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.说：say/put it
2.道歉：apologize/say sorry
3.接受：accept/recognize
4.加入：join/take part
情绪类
1. 惊讶的：surprised/astonished
2. 快乐的：happy/pleased/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Not wanting him to feel left out, I walked over and sat down beside him. (由否定的非谓语动词现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]. From then on, whenever someone tried to start a rumor about him, I would stand up for him and tell them the truth about Del. (由连词whenever引导时间状语从句)必修一 Welcome Unit 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·陕西安康·模拟预测）We are delighted to confirm that your application for Master of Materials Research at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) has been successful. Details of your offer are listed below.
English Language Requirements
Pass IELTS (Academic) with a score of 6.5 including 6.0 in writing and 5.5 or above in all other components. Or pass an acceptable English language test found on our web pages: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/international-students/englishlanguagerequirements/.
Expected Academic Standard
We normally calculate the final overall mark of degrees using the weighted average method. This means that we will take into account the credit value of all modules (单元) (from all years) that have been credited. For module marks that use a range, we will use the mid-point of the range for our final average calculation.
Please note this offer is also conditional on your academic degree being awarded with all final year modules at 70% or above.Offer Holder Day
Log in now to your applicant portal (门户网站) to book your place on one of our offer holder events. Here you will be able to find out more about the school you have applied to, speak directly to students and staff and experience the quality of teaching in one of our taster lectures.
Deposit (订金)
In order to secure your place at Queen Mary University of London, in addition to meeting your conditions of offer, you will be required to pay a deposit of 2,000 (2,000 GBP) towards your tuition fee.
1．What score should you get at least in IELTS writing if you want to be accepted
A．5.5. B．6.0. C．6.5. D．7.0.
2．How will the final overall mark of degrees be worked out
A．By applying the weighted average method.
B．By measuring credits of all modules.
C．By referring to the mid-point of the range.
D．By calculating 70% of the final marks.
3．What can you do on Offer Holder Day
A．Give a lecture. B．Pay a deposit.
C．Talk with fellow students. D．Sign up for a sport.
B
（2024·湖南怀化·一模）Due to the fact that the average life expectancy in Ghana is 64 years old, and the most common causes of death are largely treatable conditions, such as malaria, stroke, and respiratory infections. Boateng, growing up in a small village in southern Ghana/struggling to access basic health care, felt an urgent call to help and decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana.
Boateng worked hard in school, getting a scholarship to study biology at Cornell University in the US, and ultimately earned his master’s in Healthcare Administration. Later he started his nonprofit, OKB Hope Foundation, and converted a van into a mobile doctor’s office called the Hope Health Van to bring health care directly to those in need in 2021.
A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities in Ghana and provide free routine medical care. On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, a physician’s assistant, a doctor, and an operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis as well as prescribe and provide medications. “It’s like a one-stop shop for people,” said Boateng, adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another.
Since its launch, Boateng says the Hope Health Van has served more than 4, 000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care. To supplement the mobile clinic, Boateng’s organization has also trained 20 volunteers to serve as local health advocates. They check people’s vitals and provide the medical team with timely data for assessing how to move forward with care and treatment, especially for those whose health is at risk.
In the future, Boateng hopes to expand to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but in other countries as well. “I believe that our model can be replicated in sub-Saharan Africa,” he said.
4．What inspired Boateng to set his life goal
A．He wanted to get a scholarship.
B．Many locals died of deadly diseases.
C．The birthplace of him was small and poor.
D．Basic health care was inaccessible for locals.
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How Boateng’s team functions. B．Why Boateng’s team was founded.
C．What Boateng’s team has achieved. D．Where Boateng’s team has travelled.
6．What is Boateng’s attitude to his team in the future
A．Ambiguous. B．Ambitious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．A van bringing medical care to thousands
B．A country lacking basic health care
C．Efforts to provide people with medications
D．Mobile vans travelling through Ghana
C
（2024·江苏南通·三模）In a recent study of healthy volunteers, National Institutes of Health researchers discovered that our brains may replay memories of learning new skills when we rest.
NIH researchers have mapped out the brain activity that flows when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new song on the piano, and found that during short rest the volunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versions of the activity seen while they practiced typing a code. The more a volunteer replayed the activity the better they performed during subsequent practice sessions.
The study was conducted at the NIH Clinical Center. The team of Dr. Cohen, M.D．, senior investigator at the NIH’s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), used a highly sensitive scanning technique to record the brain waves of 33 healthy, right-handed volunteers as they learned to type a five-digit test code with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner’s long, cone-shaped cap. An experiment began when a subject was shown the code “41234” on a screen and asked to type it out as many times as possible for 10 seconds and then take a 10 second break. Subjects were asked to repeat this cycle of alternating (交替的) practice and rest sessions a total of 35 times.
During the first few trials, the speed at which subjects correctly typed the code improved dramatically and then leveled off around the 11th cycle. In a previous study, Dr. Cohen’s team showed that most of these gains happened during short rests, and not when the subjects were typing. Moreover, the gains were greater than those made after a night’s sleep and were related with a decrease in the size of brain waves, called beta rhythms. In this new report, the researchers searched for something different in the subjects’ brain waves.
“We wanted to explore the mechanisms (机制) behind memory strengthening seen during wakeful rest. Several forms of memory appear to rely on the replaying of neural (神经的) activity, so we decided to test this idea out for procedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch, Ph.D．, a staff scientist on Dr. Cohen’s team and leader of the study. To do this, Dr. Buch developed a computer program which allowed the team to understand the brain wave activity associated with typing each number in the test code.
Interestingly, they found that the more a volunteer replayed, the better their performance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, our results support the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate recovery from stroke.” said Dr. Cohen.
8．What have NIH researchers recently found
A．The brain activity slowly flows when we learn a new skill.
B．The value of short practice sessions can’t be overestimated.
C．Short rest makes no difference to the neural replay of the activity.
D．The frequency of brain replay contributes to practice performances.
9．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3
A．The process of the research.
B．The facilities of the research.
C．The application of the research.
D．The preparations of the research.
10．Why did Dr. Buch develop a computer program
A．To distinguish the first 11 cycles from the later ones.
B．To confirm the role of neural replay in skill learning.
C．To explore the potential effects of procedural learning.
D．To find out the reasons for the changes in brain waves.
11．What does Dr. Cohen think of the research findings
A．Acceptable.
B．Promising.
C．Shallow.
D．Dismissive.
D
（23-24高三下·河南焦作·阶段练习）Carl Wieman, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist at Standford University, excelled in the lab, where he created the Bose-Einstein condensate (玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚态). However, his mastery in the lab did not extend to the classroom. For years, he wrestled with what seemed to be a straightforward task: making undergraduates comprehend physics as he did. Laying it out for them — explaining, even demonstrating the core concepts of the discipline—was not working. Despite his clear explanations, his students’ capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.
It was in an unexpected place that he found the key to the problem: not in his classrooms but among the graduate students(研究生) who came to work in his lab. When his PH.D．candidates entered the lab, Wieman noticed, their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates. Within a year or two, however, these same graduate students transformed into the flexible thinkers he was trying so earnestly, and unsuccessfully, to cultivate. “Some kind of intellectual process must have been missing from the traditional education,” Wieman recounts.
A major factor in the graduate students’ transformation, Wieman concluded, was their experience of intense social engagement around a body of knowledge — the hours they spent advising, debating with, and recounting anecdotes to one another. In 2019, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences backed this idea. Tracking the intellectual advancement of several hundred graduate students in the sciences over the course of four years, its authors found that the development of crucial skills such as generating hypotheses (假设), designing experiments, and analyzing data was closely related to the students’ engagement with their peers in the lab, rather than the guidance they received from their faculty mentors (导师).
Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this “active learning” approach to their courses. His aspiration is to move science education away from the lecture format, toward a model that is more active and more engaged.
12．What problem did Carl Wieman have with his undergraduates
A．Making them excel in the lab. B．Demonstrating lab experiments.
C．Facilitating their all-round development. D．Enhancing their physics problem-solving.
13．Which of the following best describes the graduate students who first joined Wieman’s lab
A．Limited in thinking. B．Resistant to new ideas.
C．Flexible and earnest. D．Experienced and cooperative.
14．What is crucial for developing students’ intelligent thought according to the 2019 study
A．Intense lab work. B．Peer pressure and evaluation.
C．Academic interaction with fellows. D．Engagement with external society.
15．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Transforming Graduates’ Habits B．Carl Wieman’s Nobel Prize Journey
C．The Nobel-Prize Winner’s Struggles D．Carl Wieman’s Education Innovation
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·湖北黄冈·三模）In our modern economy, accelerated learning can be crucial for success. Learning faster means gaining more knowledge—quicker than others. 16 Anyone can learn from them and accelerate their learning process with the following bine Learning Styles That Play to Your Strengths
When you aim to accelerate your learning, what you choose to learn should not be limited to a curriculum or classroom structure. 17 Different materials along with your learning style can accelerate or slow down your comprehension process. The best learning style is the one that makes it easier to process, or comprehend ideas, and subjects faster. Once you know your learning strengths and weaknesses, you can choose learning strategies that play to your strengths. Seek First to Understand The Basic Structure of The Topic You Choose
18 So you need to seek first to understand the basics. In other words, you have to get to know the tree’s root, trunk, then branch out from there. Don’t start from the branches or the leaves, pursue the root and work your way to the topic. Therefore, whatever topic you choose to learn or study, just start with the basics. Give Yourself Plenty of Time in Both “Focused” And “Diffused”(分散的)Modes
Normally, the human brain is not meant to stay in “focused” mode for hours at a time. 19 Consequently, when your brain is active for a very long time, you’re actually blocking your access to the diffused mode — a more relaxed state.
Therefore, diffused mode is just as valuable as the focused mode. So — just take breaks, let your mind wander, think about other things, and give your brain plenty of time to make better connections. 20
A．You can benefit a lot from staying focused.
B．Smart learners don’t have any special secrets.
C．You should try to choose whatever you like best.
D．Every topic or subject has a logical structure to it.
E．Then you can learn better by imposing breaks on yourself.
F．Long-lasting attention to a single task can block memory and recall.
G．You can practically choose content from many sources, experts, and authors.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·广东江门·二模）Spanish class scared me in the freshman year. I knew little Spanish before starting the class, and I thought it would be 21 for me. However, Mary, our honored Spanish teacher, who was full of creativity, made her class fun from the beginning. I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, but there was always some slight 22 .
Before the exam, Mary often asked us to 23 our lessons by ourselves. But I could remember one day she said, “This time, let’s play a game before going over what you’ve learned.” The game was so interesting that we all 24 ourselves. After the exam, Mary gave us opportunities to make up for our 25 . After each error correction, she would check again. She took things so 26 that she wouldn’t overlook any detail. No wonder she was 27 by us.
Mary was 28 and willing to help, within reason, on everything. We could ask her questions at any time. She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class. Because of that, I was 29 enough, and then I could communicate with Spanish speakers outside of class. When she knew our problems, she would give advice. When someone was struggling, she would 30 .
Mary’s 31 teaching eventually transformed my 32 into fascination. She infused (灌输) foreign culture into lessons, using music and dance to 33 our language skills. Her personalized attention to each student’s needs fostered a(n) 34 environment. At the end of the term, my Spanish improved, and my confidence soared. Mary left a lasting impact on my 35 for new challenges.
21．A．exciting B．easy C．boring D．beneficial
22．A．variation B．disturbance C．annoyance D．inconvenience
23．A．explain B．describe C．prepare D．review
24．A．challenged B．enjoyed C．trusted D．developed
25．A．experience B．time C．losses D．mistakes
26．A．seriously B．roughly C．modestly D．curiously
27．A．amused B．respected C．judged D．spotted
28．A．understanding B．humble C．athletic D．courageous
29．A．discouraged B．suspected C．heartened D．comforted
30．A．stand out B．reach out C．get around D．get by
31．A．passive B．conventional C．voluntary D．innovative
32．A．fear B．sorrow C．anger D．confusion
33．A．know B．match C．enhance D．assess
34．A．secure B．supportive C．economic D．competitive
35．A．pity B．profit C．debate D．desire
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（22-23高三上·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Learning Chinese calligraphy 36 (list) as one of the must-do things when I came to China. Now, I’m in the course of learning this unique art, 37 value is considered very high in China, even across East Asia today. It is not only 38 ancient artistic form of human language, but it also reflects Chinese traditions.
As someone who paints, draws, and loves all 39 (create) things, at first, I assumed I would be rather good at Chinese calligraphy. I was 40 (total ) wrong. Using thick brush tips to produce awkward brush strokes (笔画) 41 (be) very difficult for a beginner. I have no idea about the different types of calligraphy and the meanings 42 ( hide) behind each one. Also, I have to hold the paintbrush 43 a very specific way; unlike a pen or pencil, the paintbrush is held upright in the hand. I need to be extra careful when changing the angle or 44 (direct) of the brush, especially if I press too hard on the paper.
After taking the lesson, I now understand the difficulty of calligraphy and that it will take efforts and commitment 45 (master) this art form. Yet, I am grateful to learn such a special Chinese tradition.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·重庆荣昌·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter以优异的成绩通过考试，取得了到中国某大学留学的资格。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 请教学习方法；
3. 期待在中国见面。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·福建福州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I didn’t like Del so much. He always called me the nickname “Germy”, which meant “dirty”, instead of my real name “Jamie”. Besides, he was known as a trouble-maker in school. So when the head teacher Mr. Smith asked Del to come to his office, I naturally thought that Del had done something mean to someone. Through the window, I caught sight of a smaller boy crying. Del seemed unhappy, too.
He did not return to class that day. All of us were discussing what had happened to him. What else could such an annoying boy do “He must have hit the boy and was sent home,” I whispered to my friends. Their eyes widened. It felt good to see them so interested in what I said.
The next morning, the whole school was talking about Del being expelled(开除) for beating up a kid. I was surprised that my assumptions were passed on so quickly. So when Del walked into the classroom, all the kids were shocked. The kids next to him shift ed their desks away. “What’s your problem ” Del asked. “I don’t want you to attack me,” one kid said. Some laughed. “Yeah, I might,” said Del. I could tell he was joking, but many kids thought he admitted he did beat up someone.
During recess(课间休息), Del tried to join the kickball game. “Neither team wants you,” one of the players said. “Why ” Del asked, looking confused. “I always play with you guys.” They ignored him and went on playing. Del sat by himself while the rest of the school enjoyed their recess away from him. Del looked lonely and sad, much different from before. I started to feel sorry for him.
Later that day, I learned what really happened. The kid was Del’s little brother and he was crying because their mother fell ill and was sent to hospital. I felt even sorrier for what I said before. I started a rumor(谣言).
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At recess the next day, I saw Del sitting alone watching the kickball game.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now that Del had forgiven me, I decided to do more before the recess was over.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·辽宁鞍山·模拟预测）High school graduation requirements
To earn a high school diploma, students must meet the following pulsory credits
*4 credits in English (1 credit per grade) *3 credits in mathematics *3 credits for group 1, 2 and 3 courses *2 credits in science *1 credit in Canadian history (Grade 10) *1 credit in Canadian geography (Grade 9) *1 credit in the arts *1 credit in health and physical education *1 credit in French as a second language *0.5 credit in career studies *0.5 credit in civics and citizenship
Optional credits
Students must earn 12 optional credits. by successfully completing courses offered in the school’s program and course calendar. Optional credits may include up to four credits earned through approved dual (双倍的) credit programs. .The literacy graduation requirement
In September 2023, the literacy graduation requirement was introduced and it became effective immediately. Students graduating in the 2023-2024 school year and beyond are required to meet this requirement to earn their high school munity involvement
Students are required to complete a minimum of 40 hours of community involvement activities as part of the requirements for a diploma.
Students who are looking for community involvement opportunities should:
★make sure they know which activities satisfy the community involvement requirement
★check their school board’s website for a list of approved and prohibited activities
★have a discussion with their parents to plan and select their community involvement activities(students under 18 years old only)
1．What’s the minimum number of credits required for a high school diploma
A．30. B．32. C．34. D．36.
2．When did the literacy graduation requirement take effect
A．In September 2021. B．In September 2022.
C．In September 2023. D．In September 2024.
3．What should adult students do before doing community involvement activities
A．Ask for their parents’ permission.
B．Turn to local community centers for help.
C．Set community involvement hours with teachers.
D．Have a clear understanding of the qualified activities.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个高中毕业项目的要求。
1．细节理解题。根据Compulsory credits部分中学分共计4+3+3+2+1+1+1+1+0.5+0.5=18，以及Optional credits部分中“Students must earn 12 optional credits.(学生必须修满12个选修学分)”可知，高中毕业证书最少要修18+12=30学分。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据The literacy graduation requirement部分中“In September 2023, the literacy graduation requirement was introduced and it became effective immediately. (2023年9月，英国引入了识字毕业要求，并立即生效)”可知，识字毕业从2023年9月开始生效。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“★make sure they know which activities satisfy the community involvement requirement(确保他们知道哪些活动符合社区参与的要求)”可知，在参加社区参与活动之前，成人学生应该对合格活动有清晰的认识。故选D。
B
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Do you recall your beloved school teachers Did they awaken a passion for a once-unappealing subject or offer valuable guidance
Mr Moriarty was the one. When he became a science teacher, 22-year-old Patrick Moriarty was hoping to make a difference in his students’ lives. After all, the natural world has so many fascinating secrets that he was willing to teach and he would devote long years to preparing his “kids” for adulthood. In 1978, he was teaching kids about the sky events and passed out worksheets, showing the paths of the upcoming eclipses (日食). Sadly, a lot of them would not be visible in New York. All but one on April 8, 2024.
“Circle that one,” Mr Moriarty told his students. “We’re going to get together on that one.”
The youngsters laughed — the eclipse wouldn’t occur for nearly five decades and everyone would’ve forgotten the promise by then. But they severely underestimated their teacher.
Years flew by and Mr Moriarty made the same promise to all of his classes about the plan in the distant future. As the popularity of printed press declined, he created a Facebook group in 2022, detailing the event and trying to find former students who would want to attend it.
Mr Moriarty never expected there would be such a massive turnout, but the word was spreading like wildfire among his former classmates. On Monday, the 8th of April, about 100 former students gathered in their teacher’s driveway. As the students started arriving at his house, he had trouble recognizing them. However, he remembered most of their names and some amusing stories that happened during his teaching years.
“It was so interesting to see them walking up with thinning or gray hair, and looking at me like, ‘You’re still my teacher,’” he laughed. “This has got to be the longest homework assignment in history.” Lastly, Mr Moriarty suggested marking the 22nd of August, 2044, the day when the next visible total solar eclipse will occur. Once again, everyone laughed, but this time with a little less doubt.
4．Why did Mr Moriarty create a Facebook group
A．To popularize astronomical knowledge.
B．To seek out former students who wanted to take class.
C．To share some funny stories from. his teaching career.
D．To remind his former students of the previous assignment.
5．Which of the following words best describe Mr Moriarty
A．Passionate and committed. B．Honest and wise.
C．Respectable and humble. D．Generous and energetic.
6．What can be inferred about Mr Moriarty from paragraph 6
A．He suffered from a poor memory.
B．He had little influence on his former students.
C．He took great pride in his students’ achievements.
D．He was astonished to see so many of his former students.
7．What can we learn about the students’ reaction to the reunion of 2044
A．They ignored the special promise.
B．They put more trust in their teacher.
C．They thought of their teacher being amusing.
D．They doubted the possibility of the proposal.
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．D 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。莫里亚蒂先生是一名科学老师，他对他教过的所有的班级都做了约定，在2024年4月8日相聚在一起看日食，他在2022年在Facebook上创建了一个小组，详细介绍了这次活动，并试图找到想参加的以前的学生，让他惊讶的是在那天居然来了大约100名以前的学生，最后，莫里亚蒂先生建议2044年8月22日他们再相聚，那天是下一次可见日全食发生的日子。
4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Years flew by and Mr Moriarty made the same promise to all of his classes about the plan in the distant future. As the popularity of printed press declined, he created a Facebook group in 2022, detailing the event and trying to find former students who would want to attend it.(许多年过去了，莫里亚蒂先生对他所有的班级都做了同样的关于遥远未来的计划的承诺。随着纸质媒体受欢迎程度的下降，他于2022年在Facebook上创建了一个小组，详细介绍了这次活动，并试图找到想参加的以前的学生)”可知，莫里亚蒂先生创建Facebook群是为了提醒他以前的学生以前的作业。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“When he became a science teacher, 22-year-old Patrick Moriarty was hoping to make a difference in his students’ lives. After all, the natural world has so many fascinating secrets that he was willing to teach and he would devote long years to preparing his “kids” for adulthood.(当22岁的帕特里克·莫里亚蒂成为一名科学教师时，他希望能改变学生的生活。毕竟，自然界有那么多迷人的秘密，他愿意教，他会花很长时间让他的“孩子”为成年做好准备)”可知，莫里亚蒂先生充满热情。根据第五段“Years flew by and Mr Moriarty made the same promise to all of his classes about the plan in the distant future. As the popularity of printed press declined, he created a Facebook group in 2022, detailing the event and trying to find former students who would want to attend it.(许多年过去了，莫里亚蒂先生对他所有的班级都做了同样的关于遥远未来的计划的承诺。随着纸质媒体受欢迎程度的下降，他于2022年在Facebook上创建了一个小组，详细介绍了这次活动，并试图找到想参加的以前的学生)”可知，莫里亚蒂先生信守承诺。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段前两句“Mr Moriarty never expected there would be such a massive turnout, but the word was spreading like wildfire among his former classmates. On Monday, the 8th of April, about 100 former students gathered in their teacher’s driveway.(莫里亚蒂先生从来没有想到会有这么多人参加，但这个消息在他以前的同学中迅速传播开来。4月8日星期一，大约100名以前的学生聚集在他们老师的车道上)”可知，看到这么多以前的学生，莫里亚蒂先生感到很吃惊。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Once again, everyone laughed, but this time with a little less doubt.(大家又笑了，但这次少了一点怀疑)”可知，对于2044年的重聚，学生们更信任他们的老师了。故选B。
C
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Having high self-control is often seen as a good thing. It’s believed to be the key to success in life. But as suggested in a theory published by Professor Thomas Lynch, it may not always be a good thing—and for some, it could be linked to certain mental health problems.
According to Lynch’s theory, everyone leans (偏向) more towards one of two personality styles: under control or overcontrol. Being under controlled or overcontrolled is neither good nor bad because most of us are psychologically flexible, and can adapt to different situations. So, regardless of whether we're overcontrolled or under controlled, this flexibility helps us deal with life's challenges and setbacks in a constructive way.
But when we are much less flexible, both under control and overcontrol can become problematic. Most of us are probably more familiar with highly under controlled people, who may struggle to control their emotions and their behaviors may be unpredictable. This can negatively affect their relationships, education, work, and health.
Unfortunately, overcontrol isn't talked about as much. This may be because overcontrolled characteristics—such as persistence, the ability to make plans and stick to them, pursuing perfection, and being in control of emotions-are often highly regarded in our society.
However, highly overcontrolled people may struggle to adapt to changes. They may be less open to new experiences. They may experience bitter feelings of envy towards others, and struggle to relax and have fun in many social situations. They may also use fewer gestures, and rarely smile or cry. Together, these may make a person more likely to experience social isolation and loneliness. This may eventually cause their mental health to worsen.
Alongside his theory, Lynch also developed a treatment designed to treat issues of overcontrol. It helps overcontrolled people by teaching them how to let go of the need t oalways be in control, be more open about their emotions, better communicate with other people, and be more flexible in changing situations. Continued work in the field will hopefully make it easier for people to get the help they need.
8．How does psychological flexibility help people
A．It backs adjusting to changes effectively.
B．It assists in dealing with similar situations.
C．It supports overcoming physical challenges.
D．It encourages choosing the right personality style.
9．Why is overcontrolled personality less talked about
A．It is insignificant. B．It is underestimated. C．It fits social values. D．It has changing features.
10．What can be inferred about highly overcontrolled people in paragraph 5
A．They ignore their mental health. B．They know little of body gestures.
C．They experience few new emotions. D．They have a poor social support network.
11．What is Lynch’s suggestion for highly overcontrolled people
A．Accepting more changes. B．Interacting with others more.
C．Evaluating feelings more often. D．Releasing more personal needs.
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了过度控制对心理健康的影响。虽然过度控制的人具备的特质通常被社会所重视，但他们可能面临难以适应变化、社交孤立和孤独等问题。过度控制的人应该不要总是控制自己的需求，要更好地表达情感并与他人沟通。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Being under controlled or overcontrolled is neither good nor bad because most of us are psychologically flexible, and can adapt to different situations.(受到控制或过度控制既不好也不坏，因为我们大多数人的心理都很灵活，能够适应不同的情况)”可知，心理灵活性使人们能够在生活中灵活地适应不同的情况。因此，心理灵活性有助于人们有效地适应变化。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Unfortunately, overcontrol isn't talked about as much. This may be because overcontrolled characteristics—such as persistence, the ability to make plans and stick to them, pursuing perfection, and being in control of emotions-are often highly regarded in our society.(不幸的是，过度控制并没有被谈论那么多。这可能是因为过度控制的特征——比如坚持、制定计划并坚持下去的能力、追求完美和控制情绪的能力——在我们的社会中往往受到高度重视)”可知，过度控制的人的特征（如坚持不懈、制订并坚持执行计划的能力、追求完美和控制情绪）通常在我们的社会中受到高度重视，由此可推知，过度控制的个性符合社会价值观，所以很少被提及。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段“They may experience bitter feelings of envy towards others, and struggle to relax and have fun in many social situations. They may also use fewer gestures, and rarely smile or cry. Together, these may make a person more likely to experience social isolation and loneliness. (他们可能会对他人产生嫉妒的苦涩情绪，并在许多社交场合努力放松和享受乐趣。他们也可能较少使用手势，很少微笑或哭泣。这些因素加在一起可能会使一个人更容易经历社会孤立和孤独)”可知，过度控制的人可能很难适应各种变化，可能不太愿意接受新体验，可能对他人产生苦涩的嫉妒情绪，也可能难以在社交场合中放松和享受乐趣。这些因素可能使他们更容易经历社交孤立和孤独。由此可以推断出，过度控制的人可能拥有较差的社交支持网。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“It helps overcontrolled people by teaching them how to let go of the need to always be in control, be more open about their emotions, better communicate with other people, and be more flexible in changing situations. (它帮助过度控制的人，教会他们如何放下总是控制自己的需要，更开放地对待自己的情绪，更好地与他人沟通，在不断变化的情况下更灵活)”可知，Lynch针对过度控制问题研发了一种治疗方法，教过度控制的人如何不要总是控制自己的需求，更加开放地表达情感，与他人更好地沟通，并在不断变化的情况下更具灵活性。由此可推知，Lynch给过度控制的人的建议包括“更多地与他人互动”这一条。故选B。
D
（2024·四川绵阳·三模）The maker of ChatGPT recently announced its next move into generative(有生产力的)artificial intelligence. San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator, called Sora, is a tool that instantly makes short videos based on written commands, called prompts.
Sora is not the first of its kind. Google, Meta and Runway ML are among the other companies to have developed similar technology. But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI —some released after CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts —surprised observers.
A photographer from New Hampshire posted one suggestion, or prompt, on X. The prompt gave details about a kind of food to be cooked, gnocchi(意大利团子), as well as the setting —an old Italian country kitchen. The prompt said: “An instructional cooking session for homemade gnocchi, hosted by a grandmother —a social media influencer, set in a rustic(土气的)Tuscan country kitchen.” Altman answered a short time later with a realistic video that showed what the prompt described.
The tool is not yet publicly available. OpenAI has given limited information about how it was built. The company also has not stated what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora. At the same time, the video results led to fears about the possible ethical and societal effects.
The New York Times and some writers have taken legal actions against OpenAI for its use of copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT. And OpenAI pays a fee to The Associated Press, the source of this report, to license its text news archive(档案). OpenAI said in a blog post that it is communicating with artists, policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public.
The company added that it is working with “red teamers” — people who try to find problems and give helpful suggestions — to develop Sora. “We are working with red teamers who will be adversarially(对立地)testing the model,” the company said. “We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.”
12．What makes Sora impressive
A．Its artificial intelligence history.
B．Its extraordinary video quality.
C．Its ethical and societal influence.
D．Its written commands and prompts.
13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 6
A．The company’s current challenge.
B．The company’s advanced technology.
C．The company’s problems in management.
D．The company’s efforts for Sora’s improvement.
14．What can we infer from the text
A．Some disagreements over Sora have arisen.
B．Sora is the first text-to-video generator in history.
C．OpenAI CEO Altman wrote a prompt as an example.
D．All the details about how Sora was built have been shared.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards Sora
A．Pessimistic. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Cautious.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI新推出了一款文本到视频生成器Sora，文章介绍了其特点以及其争议。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI —some released after CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts —surprised observers.(但OpenAI显示的高质量视频——其中一些是在首席执行官Sam Altman要求社交媒体用户发送书面提示的想法后发布的——让观察者感到惊讶。)”可知，Sora让人印象深刻的是其非凡的视频质量，故选B。
13．主旨大意题。根据文章第六段“The company added that it is working with “red teamers” — people who try to find problems and give helpful suggestions — to develop Sora. “We are working with red teamers who will be adversarially(对立地)testing the model,” the company said. “We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.”(该公司补充说，它正在与“红队成员”合作开发Sora。红队成员试图发现问题并提出有用的建议。该公司表示：“我们与红队合作，他们将对该模式进行对立的测试。我们还在构建一些工具来帮助检测误导性内容，比如一个检测分类器，它可以判断视频是由Sora生成的。”)可知，第六段主要介绍了公司为Sora的改进所做的努力，与红队合作，并构建一些工具来帮助检测其误导性的内容，故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“OpenAI has given limited information about how it was built. The company also has not stated what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora. At the same time, the video results led to fears about the possible ethical and societal effects.( OpenAI提供的关于它是如何构建的信息有限。该公司也没有说明用于训练Sora的图像和视频来源。与此同时，视频结果引发了人们对可能产生的道德和社会影响的担忧。)”可知，视频结果引发了人们对可能产生的道德和社会影响的担忧，由此可推知，社会上就Sora出现了一些分歧，故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“The maker of ChatGPT recently announced its next move into generative(有生产力的)artificial intelligence. San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator, called Sora, is a tool that instantly makes short videos based on written commands, called prompts.(ChatGPT的制造商最近宣布了其向生成人工智能的下一步行动。基于旧金山的OpenAI新的文本到视频生成器Sora是一种基于书面命令(称为提示)即时制作短视频的工具。)”可知，主要介绍了OpenAI新推出了一款文本到视频生成器 Sora，全文作者客观的在陈述Sora的特点、社会对其的争议以及该公司为了Sora的改进所做的努力，故可推知作者对Sora的态度是中立的，故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·安徽芜湖·三模）A Few Active Listening Guidelines
Listening is arguably the most important element of interpersonal communication. Our ability to listen well impacts the quality of all of our relationships, and not just at home with our family and friends—it can also affect our relationships and interactions on the job, as well as the effectiveness and quality of our work.
Listening is not something that comes naturally or easily for most of us. Instead, it is a skill that must be cultivated and practiced. Active listening means the difference between simply hearing, and listening with the intent to truly understand. 16
1. Give focused attention.
Try to minimize external (外部的) distractions. Turn down the noise, and put down or step away from what you’re doing if possible. 17 Don’t watch the clock, fidget (坐立不安) or go over your to-do list for later.
2. Maintain eye contact.
Direct eye contact shows your attention and intention to listen. 18 Be reasonable, but try not to let your eyes wander to whatever is going on around you.
3. 19
Restate, but don’t repeat word for word. Paraphrase what you think the other part is saying with responses such as: “What I’m hearing is…” or “Let me see if I’m following you…”Reflecting what you’ve heard signals that you’re attempting to understand fully.
4. Respond appropriately.
Be open and honest in your responses. Share your thoughts, insights and feelings in a clear, but respectful and considerate manner even if you disagree.
Active listening is a model for good communication. 20 It takes practice to develop active listening skills, and it’s a habit that has to be reinforced (加强). Remind yourself that the goal of conversation is not merely to trade words, but to truly understand what the other party is saying and to be understood in turn.
A．Reflect back.
B．This doesn’t mean stare, though.
C．Instead, focus on what is being said.
D．It is a subtle but important distinction.
E．Look into the speakers’ eyes as long as possible.
F．Also, set aside other internal thinking and dialogue.
G．Remember that listening is not just to gather information and share ideas, but also to gain perspective and understanding.
【答案】16．D 17．F 18．B 19．A 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一些积极倾听指南。
16．空前“Active listening means the difference between simply hearing, and listening with the intent to truly understand. (积极倾听意味着简单的倾听和用心去真正理解的倾听之间的区别。)”解释积极倾听的意义，提到简单的倾听和用心去真正理解的倾听之间的区别，空格处应该对这种区别作进一步评论，D选项“It is a subtle but important distinction. (这是一个微妙但重要的区别。)”说明了空前所讲的差别是微妙但是重要的，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
17．本段小标题是“Give focused attention. (给予集中的关注。)”，空前“Try to minimize external (外部的) distractions. Turn down the noise, and put down or step away from what you’re doing if possible.(尽量减少外界的干扰。关掉噪音，如果可能的话，放下或远离你正在做的事情。)”说明的是如何集中注意力，空格处也应该是和集中注意力有关的内容，F选项“Also, set aside other internal thinking and dialogue. (同时，把其他的内部思考和对话放在一边。)”也是一种集中注意力的方法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
18．空前“Direct eye contact shows your attention and intention to listen. (直接的眼神交流表明了你的注意力和倾听的意图。)”说明了直接的眼神交流的作用，空格处也应该是和眼神交流有关的内容，B选项“This doesn’t mean stare, though. (不过，这并不是说盯着看。)”也是和眼神有关，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
19．空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“Reflecting what you’ve heard signals that you’re attempting to understand fully.(反思你所听到的内容表明你正在试图完全理解。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要反思，A选项“Reflect back. (反思。)”说明了要反思，概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选A。
20．空前“Active listening is a model for good communication. (积极倾听是良好沟通的典范。)”说明了积极倾听是良好沟通的典范，空后“Remind yourself that the goal of conversation is not merely to trade words, but to truly understand what the other party is saying and to be understood in turn. (提醒自己，对话的目的不仅仅是交换语言，而是要真正理解对方在说什么，并被对方理解。)”说明了对话的目的是理解对方，并被对方理解，空格处也应该是说倾听是和理解有关的，G选项“Remember that listening is not just to gather information and share ideas, but also to gain perspective and understanding .(记住，倾听不仅仅是为了收集信息和分享想法，也是为了获得观点和理解。)”说明了倾听是为了理解，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·浙江·三模）One day, hundreds of people were stuck in traffic on the highway in below-freezing temperatures due to a snowstorm. With the conditions making it 21 for rescue workers to help, many were trapped overnight with no access to 22 .
But one stuck driver found a 23 spot in the despair. As she was sitting in her car fearing the 24 , Casey Holihan and her husband, John Noe, 25 a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam. Willing to try just about anything, they called the customer service number listed on the back of the truck and left a 26 begging for the driver to open the back and 27 bread to the hungry passengers around them. It was a last-ditch effort, and the couple wasn’t very 28 about getting a response. But to their 29 they soon received a phone call from the company’s owner, Chuck Paterakis, with the news that he was 30 the truck’s driver to open up and pass out loaves of bread from his cargo. Overjoyed by the news, Holihan and Noe 31 the truck’s driver to bring much-needed things to the cars around them.
The simple loaves of bread were surely a ray of 32 in an impossibly disturbing situation. Holihan herself calls it “one of the 33 moments” she’s ever witnessed. This company could have made a(n) 34 from the bread but instead chose to help the people around them. That is just so incredible that someone chose 35 over profit, especially in a situation where people were so desperate.
21．A．stressful B．effortless C．practical D．difficult
22．A．water B．necessities C．bread D．blankets
23．A．new B．familiar C．bright D．strange
24．A．least B．best C．most D．worst
25．A．spotted B．realized C．stared D．knew
26．A．number B．message C．note D．clue
27．A．lend B．sell C． distribute D．send
28．A．upset B．optimistic C．excited D．anxious
29．A．relief B．regret C．surprise D．credit
30．A．consulting B．guiding C．begging D．instructing
31．A．kept up with B．teamed up with C．met up with D．put up with
32．A．hope B．truth C．inspiration D．faith
33．A．happiest B．bravest C．kindest D．friendliest
34．A．profit B．difference C．living D．contribution
35．A．welfare B．fame C．award D．humanity
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了由于暴风雪，数百人在零下的气温下被困在高速公路上，由于条件恶劣，救援人员很难提供帮助，许多人被困过夜，无法获得必需品。正当人们绝望时，一位被困的司机，看到了前车是一辆装载面包的车，他们很快拨通了卡车后面的客户服务电话，很快就接到了公司老板Chuck Paterakis的电话，告诉装面包的车，把车上的面包分发出去。这救了很多被困的人，展现出人性的善良。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于条件恶劣，救援人员很难提供帮助，许多人被困过夜，无法获得必需品。A. stressful 紧张的，压力大的；B. effortless 不需费力的；C. practical实际的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“One day, hundreds of people were stuck in traffic on the highway in below-freezing temperatures due to a snowstorm.”可知，救援人员很难提供帮助。故选D项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于条件恶劣，救援人员很难提供帮助，许多人被困过夜，无法获得必需品。A. water水；B. necessities必需品；C. bread面包； D. blankets毯子。根据上文“With the conditions making it ____1____ for rescue workers to help,many were trapped overnight”可知，许多人被困过夜，无法获得必需品。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但一位被困的司机在绝望中找到了一丝光明。A. new新的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. bright明亮的；D. strange陌生的。根据下文“a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam.”可知，这无异于困难中的一丝光明。故选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Casey Holihan和她的丈夫John Noe正坐在车里担心最糟糕的情况，他们发现一辆面包车就在他们前面。A. least最少的；B. best最好的；C. most最多的； D. worst最糟糕的。根据上文“fearing”可知，担心最糟糕的情况。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Casey Holihan和她的丈夫John Noe正坐在车里担心最糟糕的情况，他们发现一辆面包车就在他们前面。A. spotted发现；B. realized意识到；C. stared盯着看；D. knew知道。根据下文“a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam.”可知，他们发现一辆面包车就在他们前面。故选A项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们愿意尝试任何办法，于是打电话给卡车后面的客户服务电话，并留言请求司机打开后车厢，把面包分发给周围饥饿的乘客。A. number数字；B. message信息；C. note笔记； D. clue线索。根据上文“they called the customer service number listed”可知，留言请求司机打开后车厢。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们愿意尝试任何办法，于是打电话给卡车后面的客户服务电话，并留言请求司机打开后车厢，把面包分发给周围饥饿的乘客。A. lend借；B. sell卖；C. distribute分发；D. send发送。根据下文“pass out loaves of bread from his cargo”可知，请求司机打开后车厢，把面包分发给周围饥饿的乘客。故选C项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是最后的努力，这对夫妇对得到回应不太乐观。A. upset沮丧的；B. optimistic 乐观的；C. excited兴奋的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文“It was a last-ditch effort”以及下文的惊讶可知，这对夫妇对得到回应不太乐观。故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但令他们吃惊的是，他们很快就接到了公司老板Chuck Paterakis的电话，告诉他们他正在指示卡车司机打开车门，把车上的面包分发出去。A. relief缓解；B. regret后悔；C. surprise惊讶； D. credit信贷。根据上文“It was a last-ditch effort,and the couple wasn’t very ____8____ about getting a response.”以及下文“they soon received a phone call from the company’s owner”可知，他们很惊讶。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但令他们吃惊的是，他们很快就接到了公司老板Chuck Paterakis的电话，告诉他们他正在指示卡车司机打开车门，把车上的面包分发出去。 A. consulting咨询；B. guiding指导；C. begging祈求；D. instructing指示。根据下文“the truck’s driver to open up and pass out loaves of bread from his cargo.”可知，他们他正在指示卡车司机打开车门。故选D项。
31．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：听到这个消息，霍利汉和诺伊欣喜若狂，他们与卡车司机合作，把急需的东西送到他们周围的汽车上。 A. kept up with跟上；B. teamed up with合作； C. met up with遇到；D. put up with忍受。根据下文“the truck’s driver to bring much-needed things to the cars around them.”可知，他们与卡车司机合作，把急需的东西送到他们周围的汽车上。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种令人难以置信的混乱局面中，简单的几条面包无疑是一线希望。A. hope希望；B. truth事实；C. inspiration灵感； D. faith信仰。根据下文“in an impossibly disturbing situation”可知，面包就是希望。故选A项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：霍利汉自己称这是她所见过的“最善良的时刻之一”。A. happiest最快乐的；B. bravest最勇敢的；C. kindest最好的；D. friendliest最友好的。在困难时刻，有人伸出了援助之手，可见这是最善良的时刻。故选C项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家公司本可以从面包中获利，但却选择帮助周围的人。A. profit利润；B. difference不同；C. living 居住，生活；D. contribution贡献。根据下文“profit”可知，这家公司本可以从面包中获利。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这太不可思议了，有人选择了人性而不是利益，尤其是在人们如此绝望的情况下。A. welfare福利；B. fame名气；C. award奖，奖品；D. humanity人类，人性。在人们如此绝望的情况下得到了帮助，这是人性的体现。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At noon, the Tongxin Cafeteria near the Jing’an Temple downtown has a queue that shows its multi-generational popularity. The menu, with over 60 dishes changed daily, 36 ( cater ) to a range of tastes. For many young people who think cooking for themselves is time-consuming, the nearby community canteen is a perfect 37 (solve).
These cafeterias, once known as “ senior canteens”, were originally established to provide healthy meals 38 affordable prices to older folks who might not be getting enough nutrition at home. Shanghai government set a goal of building 200 new community canteens, 39 (bring) the total at the end of last year to 1 ,608. A basic meal with one meat dish and two vegetables costs less than 20 yuan, far 40 (cheap) than prices in downtown restaurants. And all meals 41 ( prepare ) on site with fresh ingredients. The government supports these cafeterias--sometimes with rent-free space, sometimes with 42 ( reduce ) water and electricity charges. Li Jiajun is the manager of 43 local community canteen , where he prioritizes elderly diners from 10:30 am-11:30 am and 4:30 pm -5:30 pm. Apart from those hours, people of all ages are welcome. Li said cafeteria managers are required 44 ( maintain ) detailed records, including 48-hour food samples and daily uploads to food safety platforms. This approach ensures the traceability of all ingredients. Some community cafeterias have become so popular 45 they appear on many lifestyle-sharing platforms.
【答案】36．caters 37．solution 38．at 39．bringing 40．cheaper 41．are prepared 42．reduced 43．a 44．to maintain 45．that
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了上海的一些社区自助餐厅变得很受欢迎，并简要说明了其受欢迎的原因。
36．考查谓语动词。句意：菜单上每天有60多种菜肴更换，迎合了各种口味。此空处应为本句的谓语动词，根据语境可知，本句讲述的是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，且与主语 The menu为主动关系，主语为单数。故填caters。
37．考查名词。句意：对于许多认为自己做饭很耗时的年轻人来说，附近的社区食堂是一个完美的解决方案。此空处位于形容词之后，所以应为名词作表语，solve的名词为solution意为“解决方案”，且空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数。故填solution。
38．考查介词。句意：这些自助餐厅，曾经被称为“老年人食堂”，最初建立的目的是为那些在家里可能得不到足够营养的老年人提供价格合理的健康膳食。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语at a…price意为“以……的价格”符合句意，at affordable prices意为“物美价廉”。故填at。
39．考查现在分词。句意：上海市政府设定了新建200家社区食堂的目标，到去年年底，社区食堂的总数达到1608家。此空处应为非谓语动词作状语，bring与逻辑主语Shanghai government之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填bringing。
40．考查比较级。句意：一顿一荤两素的基本套餐不到20元，比市中心餐馆的价格便宜得多。根据空后的than可知，此处应为cheap的比较级形式cheaper。故填 cheaper。
41．考查谓语动词。句意：所有的饭菜都是用新鲜的食材在现场准备的。此空处应为本句的谓语动词，根据句意和语境可知，此处讲述的是客观情况，所以使用一般现在时，主语meals与prepare之间为被动关系，因此空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为名词复数形式。故填are prepared。
42．考查过去分词。句意：政府支持这些自助餐厅，有时提供免租金空间，有时减少水电费。此空处应为非谓语动词作定语，修饰空后的 water and electricity charges，且water and electricity charges与reduce之间为被动关系，所以此处应为过去分词形式。故填 reduced。
43．考查冠词。句意：李家军（音译）是当地一家社区食堂的经理，他在上午10:30 -11:30和下午4:30 -5:30为老年人提供优先服务。canteen意为“餐厅”，可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处指一家当地的社区餐厅，表泛指，所以使用不定冠词，且空后的local的首个音素为辅音。故填a。
44．考查动词不定式。句意：李经理说，食堂管理人员需要保持详细的记录，包括48小时的食物样本和每天上传到食品安全平台的记录。此空为非谓语动词作补语，根据固定搭配be required to do sth.意为“被要求做某事”可知，此处应使用动词不定式形式作主语补足语。故填to maintain。
45．考查状语从句。句意：一些社区自助餐厅变得如此受欢迎，以至于出现在许多生活方式分享平台上。此处应为固定句型“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”符合句意，that引导的为结果状语从句。故填 that。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·山东日照·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你校外教Ryan拟举办英语读书会（English Reading Bar）活动，想了解哪类图书更能吸引学生，请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐的图书类别；
2. 推荐理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Ryan,
I’m excited to hear about the English Reading Bar initiative. I recommend focusing on young adult fiction.
First of all, young adult literature often tackles themes and issues that are highly relevant to the teenage experience, such as identity, friendship, and coming of age, which can foster deep engagement and discussion. Moreover, the writing style in these books is typically more approachable for English learners, allowing students to focus on comprehension and enjoyment without being overwhelmed by complex language. Last but not least, they offer a wide array of stories with diverse characters and settings, promoting inclusivity and broadening students’ perspectives on different cultures and experiences.
I believe these selections will not only attract students to the bar but also enhance their reading skills and cultural awareness.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，给拟举办英语读书会的外教Ryan写一封邮件，向他推荐某一类别的图书，并阐述推荐的理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
专注于：focus on→concentrate on
处理：tackle→deal with/cope with
与……相关：be relevant to→be connected with/be associated with
广泛的：a wide array of→a wide range of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I recommend focusing on young adult fiction.
拓展句：I recommend that you should focus on young adult fiction.
【点睛】[高分句型1] First of all, young adult literature often tackles themes and issues that are highly relevant to the teenage experience, such as identity, friendship, and coming of age, which can foster deep engagement and discussion. (运用了that引导限制性定语从句、which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Moreover, the writing style in these books is typically more approachable for English learners, allowing students to focus on comprehension and enjoyment without being overwhelmed by complex language. (运用了现在分词短语allowing…作状语和being overwhelmed by complex language作宾语)
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·广东·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It took a day’s drive, but distance was beside the point. I always enjoyed long journeys in my father’s car with my family. However, things went different that time. We were moving to a new town, not for any tourist destination, but to settle down, for my father had a new job there. My mother, sitting on the passenger seat in the front, was talking with my father. She looked excited for the coming new life. But I was down, feeling nervous about starting a new school life. Entering a new school meant adapting to a completely different environment and meeting new classmates and teachers, which I was not good at.
On my first day at the new school, I felt lost and out of place. The students already knew each other well, and they chatted happily during breaks. I missed my old friends terribly and wished I could go back to my old school. Feeling lonely. I often spent time alone during breaks and after classes, reading books in the library or drawing pictures in the art room. I missed the good days I had with my old friends and longed for that sense of belonging.
As the days went by, I still found it hard to fit in. I was shy and found it difficult to strike up conversations with my classmates. Some of the kids in my class noticed my discomfort and tried to be friendly, but I couldn’t shake off the feeling of being an outsider. I only had words with my desk mate, Alex, when necessary. Things took a turn for the worse when I knocked off Alex’s water bottle by accident, although I picked up the bottle immediately and apologized to him. He got mad at me and seemed not to forgive me. Soon I found we were avoiding each other.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
However, I was assigned to pair up with Alex to design a poster.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alex proudly introduced that the fantastic picture was drawn by me.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】However, I was assigned to pair up with Alex to design a poster. Reluctantly, we started working together. I was worried that working with Alex would be very difficult because of our previous relationship. But to my surprise, as the work progressed, we found that we shared many common interests. We put a lot of efforts into the drawings and texts, and finally we completed a quite outstanding poster. Alex seemed to forgive me. He appreciated my efforts and began to care about my feelings. The teacher highly praised our work and our classmates were amazed at the picture on the poster.
Alex proudly introduced that the fantastic picture was drawn by me. I smiled shyly but happily as my classmates crowned me and gave me a thumbs-up. Slowly but surely, I started feeling more comfortable in my new school. I made new friends, including Alex, and began to participate in activities in and after classes. By the end of the school year, I had fully adapted to the new environment. Moving to a new town was not only challenging, but it also opened up a world of opportunities and new experiences for me.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一家搬到一个陌生的城市，但作者很难适应作者新的学校生活，作者感到孤独和不适应。一天，当作者不小心撞翻了同桌亚历克斯的水瓶时，事情变得更糟了，尽管作者立即捡起了瓶子并向他道歉。他生作者的气，似乎不打算原谅作者。很快作者发现他们都在回避对方。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然而，我被分配与亚历克斯合作设计海报”可知，第一段可描写作者原以为和亚历克斯一起工作会很困难，但是他们配合的很好，他们有很多共同之处。他们的海报设计的也很出色，得到了老师的赞扬。同学们对海报上的画感到惊叹。
②由第二段首句内容“亚历克斯自豪地介绍说，这幅奇妙的画是我画的。”可知，第二段可描写作者得到了同学们的认可，作者结交了很多新朋友并适应了新环境以及感悟。
2. 续写线索：原以为和亚历克斯一起工作会很困难——配合的很好，海报设计的很出色——得到老师赞扬，同学认可，结交新朋友——适应环境——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
完成：complete/finish
参加：participate in /take part in
开始：begin /start
进步：progress/advance
情绪类
惊讶的：amazed/astonished
担忧的：worried/concerned
【点睛】【高分句型1】But to my surprise, as the work progressed, we found that we shared many common interests. (运用了as引导时间状语从句以及that引导宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Moving to a new town was not only challenging, but it also opened up a world of opportunities and new experiences for me. (运用了动名词短语作主语)必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·辽宁鞍山·模拟预测）High school graduation requirements
To earn a high school diploma, students must meet the following pulsory credits
*4 credits in English (1 credit per grade) *3 credits in mathematics *3 credits for group 1, 2 and 3 courses *2 credits in science *1 credit in Canadian history (Grade 10) *1 credit in Canadian geography (Grade 9) *1 credit in the arts *1 credit in health and physical education *1 credit in French as a second language *0.5 credit in career studies *0.5 credit in civics and citizenship
Optional credits
Students must earn 12 optional credits. by successfully completing courses offered in the school’s program and course calendar. Optional credits may include up to four credits earned through approved dual (双倍的) credit programs. .The literacy graduation requirement
In September 2023, the literacy graduation requirement was introduced and it became effective immediately. Students graduating in the 2023-2024 school year and beyond are required to meet this requirement to earn their high school munity involvement
Students are required to complete a minimum of 40 hours of community involvement activities as part of the requirements for a diploma.
Students who are looking for community involvement opportunities should:
★make sure they know which activities satisfy the community involvement requirement
★check their school board’s website for a list of approved and prohibited activities
★have a discussion with their parents to plan and select their community involvement activities(students under 18 years old only)
1．What’s the minimum number of credits required for a high school diploma
A．30. B．32. C．34. D．36.
2．When did the literacy graduation requirement take effect
A．In September 2021. B．In September 2022.
C．In September 2023. D．In September 2024.
3．What should adult students do before doing community involvement activities
A．Ask for their parents’ permission.
B．Turn to local community centers for help.
C．Set community involvement hours with teachers.
D．Have a clear understanding of the qualified activities.
B
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Do you recall your beloved school teachers Did they awaken a passion for a once-unappealing subject or offer valuable guidance
Mr Moriarty was the one. When he became a science teacher, 22-year-old Patrick Moriarty was hoping to make a difference in his students’ lives. After all, the natural world has so many fascinating secrets that he was willing to teach and he would devote long years to preparing his “kids” for adulthood. In 1978, he was teaching kids about the sky events and passed out worksheets, showing the paths of the upcoming eclipses (日食). Sadly, a lot of them would not be visible in New York. All but one on April 8, 2024.
“Circle that one,” Mr Moriarty told his students. “We’re going to get together on that one.”
The youngsters laughed — the eclipse wouldn’t occur for nearly five decades and everyone would’ve forgotten the promise by then. But they severely underestimated their teacher.
Years flew by and Mr Moriarty made the same promise to all of his classes about the plan in the distant future. As the popularity of printed press declined, he created a Facebook group in 2022, detailing the event and trying to find former students who would want to attend it.
Mr Moriarty never expected there would be such a massive turnout, but the word was spreading like wildfire among his former classmates. On Monday, the 8th of April, about 100 former students gathered in their teacher’s driveway. As the students started arriving at his house, he had trouble recognizing them. However, he remembered most of their names and some amusing stories that happened during his teaching years.
“It was so interesting to see them walking up with thinning or gray hair, and looking at me like, ‘You’re still my teacher,’” he laughed. “This has got to be the longest homework assignment in history.” Lastly, Mr Moriarty suggested marking the 22nd of August, 2044, the day when the next visible total solar eclipse will occur. Once again, everyone laughed, but this time with a little less doubt.
4．Why did Mr Moriarty create a Facebook group
A．To popularize astronomical knowledge.
B．To seek out former students who wanted to take class.
C．To share some funny stories from. his teaching career.
D．To remind his former students of the previous assignment.
5．Which of the following words best describe Mr Moriarty
A．Passionate and committed. B．Honest and wise.
C．Respectable and humble. D．Generous and energetic.
6．What can be inferred about Mr Moriarty from paragraph 6
A．He suffered from a poor memory.
B．He had little influence on his former students.
C．He took great pride in his students’ achievements.
D．He was astonished to see so many of his former students.
7．What can we learn about the students’ reaction to the reunion of 2044
A．They ignored the special promise.
B．They put more trust in their teacher.
C．They thought of their teacher being amusing.
D．They doubted the possibility of the proposal.
C
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Having high self-control is often seen as a good thing. It’s believed to be the key to success in life. But as suggested in a theory published by Professor Thomas Lynch, it may not always be a good thing—and for some, it could be linked to certain mental health problems.
According to Lynch’s theory, everyone leans (偏向) more towards one of two personality styles: under control or overcontrol. Being under controlled or overcontrolled is neither good nor bad because most of us are psychologically flexible, and can adapt to different situations. So, regardless of whether we're overcontrolled or under controlled, this flexibility helps us deal with life's challenges and setbacks in a constructive way.
But when we are much less flexible, both under control and overcontrol can become problematic. Most of us are probably more familiar with highly under controlled people, who may struggle to control their emotions and their behaviors may be unpredictable. This can negatively affect their relationships, education, work, and health.
Unfortunately, overcontrol isn't talked about as much. This may be because overcontrolled characteristics—such as persistence, the ability to make plans and stick to them, pursuing perfection, and being in control of emotions-are often highly regarded in our society.
However, highly overcontrolled people may struggle to adapt to changes. They may be less open to new experiences. They may experience bitter feelings of envy towards others, and struggle to relax and have fun in many social situations. They may also use fewer gestures, and rarely smile or cry. Together, these may make a person more likely to experience social isolation and loneliness. This may eventually cause their mental health to worsen.
Alongside his theory, Lynch also developed a treatment designed to treat issues of overcontrol. It helps overcontrolled people by teaching them how to let go of the need t oalways be in control, be more open about their emotions, better communicate with other people, and be more flexible in changing situations. Continued work in the field will hopefully make it easier for people to get the help they need.
8．How does psychological flexibility help people
A．It backs adjusting to changes effectively.
B．It assists in dealing with similar situations.
C．It supports overcoming physical challenges.
D．It encourages choosing the right personality style.
9．Why is overcontrolled personality less talked about
A．It is insignificant. B．It is underestimated. C．It fits social values. D．It has changing features.
10．What can be inferred about highly overcontrolled people in paragraph 5
A．They ignore their mental health. B．They know little of body gestures.
C．They experience few new emotions. D．They have a poor social support network.
11．What is Lynch’s suggestion for highly overcontrolled people
A．Accepting more changes. B．Interacting with others more.
C．Evaluating feelings more often. D．Releasing more personal needs.
D
（2024·四川绵阳·三模）The maker of ChatGPT recently announced its next move into generative(有生产力的)artificial intelligence. San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator, called Sora, is a tool that instantly makes short videos based on written commands, called prompts.
Sora is not the first of its kind. Google, Meta and Runway ML are among the other companies to have developed similar technology. But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI —some released after CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts —surprised observers.
A photographer from New Hampshire posted one suggestion, or prompt, on X. The prompt gave details about a kind of food to be cooked, gnocchi(意大利团子), as well as the setting —an old Italian country kitchen. The prompt said: “An instructional cooking session for homemade gnocchi, hosted by a grandmother —a social media influencer, set in a rustic(土气的)Tuscan country kitchen.” Altman answered a short time later with a realistic video that showed what the prompt described.
The tool is not yet publicly available. OpenAI has given limited information about how it was built. The company also has not stated what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora. At the same time, the video results led to fears about the possible ethical and societal effects.
The New York Times and some writers have taken legal actions against OpenAI for its use of copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT. And OpenAI pays a fee to The Associated Press, the source of this report, to license its text news archive(档案). OpenAI said in a blog post that it is communicating with artists, policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public.
The company added that it is working with “red teamers” — people who try to find problems and give helpful suggestions — to develop Sora. “We are working with red teamers who will be adversarially(对立地)testing the model,” the company said. “We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.”
12．What makes Sora impressive
A．Its artificial intelligence history.
B．Its extraordinary video quality.
C．Its ethical and societal influence.
D．Its written commands and prompts.
13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 6
A．The company’s current challenge.
B．The company’s advanced technology.
C．The company’s problems in management.
D．The company’s efforts for Sora’s improvement.
14．What can we infer from the text
A．Some disagreements over Sora have arisen.
B．Sora is the first text-to-video generator in history.
C．OpenAI CEO Altman wrote a prompt as an example.
D．All the details about how Sora was built have been shared.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards Sora
A．Pessimistic. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Cautious.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·安徽芜湖·三模）A Few Active Listening Guidelines
Listening is arguably the most important element of interpersonal communication. Our ability to listen well impacts the quality of all of our relationships, and not just at home with our family and friends—it can also affect our relationships and interactions on the job, as well as the effectiveness and quality of our work.
Listening is not something that comes naturally or easily for most of us. Instead, it is a skill that must be cultivated and practiced. Active listening means the difference between simply hearing, and listening with the intent to truly understand. 16
1. Give focused attention.
Try to minimize external (外部的) distractions. Turn down the noise, and put down or step away from what you’re doing if possible. 17 Don’t watch the clock, fidget (坐立不安) or go over your to-do list for later.
2. Maintain eye contact.
Direct eye contact shows your attention and intention to listen. 18 Be reasonable, but try not to let your eyes wander to whatever is going on around you.
3. 19
Restate, but don’t repeat word for word. Paraphrase what you think the other part is saying with responses such as: “What I’m hearing is…” or “Let me see if I’m following you…”Reflecting what you’ve heard signals that you’re attempting to understand fully.
4. Respond appropriately.
Be open and honest in your responses. Share your thoughts, insights and feelings in a clear, but respectful and considerate manner even if you disagree.
Active listening is a model for good communication. 20 It takes practice to develop active listening skills, and it’s a habit that has to be reinforced (加强). Remind yourself that the goal of conversation is not merely to trade words, but to truly understand what the other party is saying and to be understood in turn.
A．Reflect back.
B．This doesn’t mean stare, though.
C．Instead, focus on what is being said.
D．It is a subtle but important distinction.
E．Look into the speakers’ eyes as long as possible.
F．Also, set aside other internal thinking and dialogue.
G．Remember that listening is not just to gather information and share ideas, but also to gain perspective and understanding.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·浙江·三模）One day, hundreds of people were stuck in traffic on the highway in below-freezing temperatures due to a snowstorm. With the conditions making it 21 for rescue workers to help, many were trapped overnight with no access to 22 .
But one stuck driver found a 23 spot in the despair. As she was sitting in her car fearing the 24 , Casey Holihan and her husband, John Noe, 25 a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam. Willing to try just about anything, they called the customer service number listed on the back of the truck and left a 26 begging for the driver to open the back and 27 bread to the hungry passengers around them. It was a last-ditch effort, and the couple wasn’t very 28 about getting a response. But to their 29 they soon received a phone call from the company’s owner, Chuck Paterakis, with the news that he was 30 the truck’s driver to open up and pass out loaves of bread from his cargo. Overjoyed by the news, Holihan and Noe 31 the truck’s driver to bring much-needed things to the cars around them.
The simple loaves of bread were surely a ray of 32 in an impossibly disturbing situation. Holihan herself calls it “one of the 33 moments” she’s ever witnessed. This company could have made a(n) 34 from the bread but instead chose to help the people around them. That is just so incredible that someone chose 35 over profit, especially in a situation where people were so desperate.
21．A．stressful B．effortless C．practical D．difficult
22．A．water B．necessities C．bread D．blankets
23．A．new B．familiar C．bright D．strange
24．A．least B．best C．most D．worst
25．A．spotted B．realized C．stared D．knew
26．A．number B．message C．note D．clue
27．A．lend B．sell C． distribute D．send
28．A．upset B．optimistic C．excited D．anxious
29．A．relief B．regret C．surprise D．credit
30．A．consulting B．guiding C．begging D．instructing
31．A．kept up with B．teamed up with C．met up with D．put up with
32．A．hope B．truth C．inspiration D．faith
33．A．happiest B．bravest C．kindest D．friendliest
34．A．profit B．difference C．living D．contribution
35．A．welfare B．fame C．award D．humanity
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At noon, the Tongxin Cafeteria near the Jing’an Temple downtown has a queue that shows its multi-generational popularity. The menu, with over 60 dishes changed daily, 36 ( cater ) to a range of tastes. For many young people who think cooking for themselves is time-consuming, the nearby community canteen is a perfect 37 (solve).
These cafeterias, once known as “ senior canteens”, were originally established to provide healthy meals 38 affordable prices to older folks who might not be getting enough nutrition at home. Shanghai government set a goal of building 200 new community canteens, 39 (bring) the total at the end of last year to 1 ,608. A basic meal with one meat dish and two vegetables costs less than 20 yuan, far 40 (cheap) than prices in downtown restaurants. And all meals 41 ( prepare ) on site with fresh ingredients. The government supports these cafeterias--sometimes with rent-free space, sometimes with 42 ( reduce ) water and electricity charges. Li Jiajun is the manager of 43 local community canteen , where he prioritizes elderly diners from 10:30 am-11:30 am and 4:30 pm -5:30 pm. Apart from those hours, people of all ages are welcome. Li said cafeteria managers are required 44 ( maintain ) detailed records, including 48-hour food samples and daily uploads to food safety platforms. This approach ensures the traceability of all ingredients. Some community cafeterias have become so popular 45 they appear on many lifestyle-sharing platforms.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·山东日照·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你校外教Ryan拟举办英语读书会（English Reading Bar）活动，想了解哪类图书更能吸引学生，请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐的图书类别；
2. 推荐理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·广东·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It took a day’s drive, but distance was beside the point. I always enjoyed long journeys in my father’s car with my family. However, things went different that time. We were moving to a new town, not for any tourist destination, but to settle down, for my father had a new job there. My mother, sitting on the passenger seat in the front, was talking with my father. She looked excited for the coming new life. But I was down, feeling nervous about starting a new school life. Entering a new school meant adapting to a completely different environment and meeting new classmates and teachers, which I was not good at.
On my first day at the new school, I felt lost and out of place. The students already knew each other well, and they chatted happily during breaks. I missed my old friends terribly and wished I could go back to my old school. Feeling lonely. I often spent time alone during breaks and after classes, reading books in the library or drawing pictures in the art room. I missed the good days I had with my old friends and longed for that sense of belonging.
As the days went by, I still found it hard to fit in. I was shy and found it difficult to strike up conversations with my classmates. Some of the kids in my class noticed my discomfort and tried to be friendly, but I couldn’t shake off the feeling of being an outsider. I only had words with my desk mate, Alex, when necessary. Things took a turn for the worse when I knocked off Alex’s water bottle by accident, although I picked up the bottle immediately and apologized to him. He got mad at me and seemed not to forgive me. Soon I found we were avoiding each other.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
However, I was assigned to pair up with Alex to design a poster.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alex proudly introduced that the fantastic picture was drawn by me.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________必修一 Unit 2 Travelling Around 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·浙江绍兴·三模）Best of Nashville TN Vacation
Enjoy the best of this unique city with the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package. This package allows you to experience hand-picked activities that will help you to have a truly memorable Music City adventure.Package Includes
● 5 Nights’ Accommodations in your choice of over 46 hotels
● Discover Nashville Tour
● Grand Ole Opry at Opry House Preferred Seating
● General Jackson Showboat Evening Dinner CruiseAbout the Included Discover Nashville Tour
See all of the most exciting attractions in Nashville with the incredible Discover Nashville Tour. This tour will give you views of historic downtown, the Tennessee state capital, the Parthenon and many other wonderful attractions. This tour also includes admission to the legendary Ryman Auditorium where the tradition of the Grand Ole Opry began as well as admission to the huge Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.About the Included Grand Ole Opry at Opry House
Guests will also be able to attend the most famous country music show in the world with Grand Ole Opry Tickets! Head to the Opry House to see some of legendary stars in the country. You never know who you may get to see! This package includes Preferred Seating.About the Included General Jackson Showboat Cruise
Experience one of the most beloved activities in Nashville, TN with tickets on the General Jackson. Climb aboard this fantastic showboat and set off for an evening of great entertainment, sightseeing, and delicious food. Enjoy some of the most beautiful landmarks in Nashville and glimpse the skyline from the water. It’s sure to be an awesome addition to your journey!About the Included Lodging
Visitors on this vacation will also be able to choose which lodging option best suits their needs. Whether they wish to stay in a budget-friendly hotel that will fit the entire family or would like a more peaceful suite in a resort hotel, there are options for everyone. The package includes five nights of lodging.
Experience the best of the best of Nashville’s finest attractions, cruises, and more! You and your loved ones are bound to have an awesome time with these fun activities and five nights of lodging.
1．What is NOT included in the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package
A．Meeting superstars of the country. B．Learning the history of the state capital.
C．Appreciating the scenery on the showboat. D．Enjoying the most famous country music show.
2．What is true about the included lodging according to the passage
A．The lodging option is fixed. B．A wide choice of hotels are offered.
C．The hotels to be selected are luxurious. D．Extra expenses are needed for accommodations.
3．What is the passage probably taken from
A．A travel journal. B．A textbook.
C．An advertising page. D．A news report.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个度假套餐的情况，介绍了包含内容和住宿等信息。
1．细节理解题。根据About the Included Discover Nashville Tour部分中“See all of the most exciting attractions in Nashville with the incredible Discover Nashville Tour. This tour will give you views of historic downtown, the Tennessee state capital, the Parthenon and many other wonderful attractions. This tour also includes admission to the legendary Ryman Auditorium where the tradition of the Grand Ole Opry began as well as admission to the huge Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.(看到所有最令人兴奋的景点在纳什维尔与令人难以置信的发现纳什维尔之旅。这次旅行将带您参观历史悠久的市中心、田纳西州首府、帕台农神庙和许多其他精彩的景点。这次旅行还包括参观传奇的莱曼礼堂，那里是大奥普里传统的发源地，以及参观巨大的乡村音乐名人堂和博物馆)”可知，了解州首府的历史不包括在最好的纳什维尔TN度假套餐里。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Visitors on this vacation will also be able to choose which lodging option best suits their needs. Whether they wish to stay in a budget-friendly hotel that will fit the entire family or would like a more peaceful suite in a resort hotel, there are options for everyone.(这个假期的游客也可以选择最适合他们需要的住宿选择。无论他们是想住在适合全家居住的经济型酒店，还是想在度假酒店住一间更宁静的套房，每个人都有自己的选择)”可知，B选项“有很多旅馆可供选择”正确。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Enjoy the best of this unique city with the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package. This package allows you to experience hand-picked activities that will help you to have a truly memorable Music City adventure.(享受这个独特的城市最好的纳什维尔TN度假套餐。这个套餐可以让你体验精心挑选的活动，这将帮助你有一个真正难忘的音乐之城冒险)”结合文章主要介绍了一个度假套餐的情况，介绍了包含内容和住宿等信息。可知，文章选自广告页。故选C。
B
（2024·安徽合肥·三模）At the beginning of graduate school, I knew that if I wanted to get tenure (长期聘用), I had to be productive. However, when my first three papers were rejected by major journals, a leading expert told me my projects were hopeless, and I wondered if I should drop out.
We all get rejected at work, whether it’s having our suggestions shot down or getting fired from a job. It causes pain. Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) have scanned the brains of people who have cruelly been excluded from an online game. The physiological (生理学的) response looks fairly similar to processing physical pain.
Apparently, this was adaptive in our evolutionary past. If rejection didn’t hurt, you might have been perfectly comfortable leaving your tribe, which would not be good for your survival. But it’s left us nervous and likely to overreact to everyday rejections. If you’ve ever given a presentation and felt upset by the one unfriendly face in a room full of smiles, you know what I mean.
That’s the bad news. The good news is that we can learn to accept rejection calmly. “When you’re insecure in one, you rely on the other one that’s doing better at that time. Pliability (柔韧性) is the definition of strength,” said filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan.
When my work got rejected early in my academic career, pliability became my source of strength. My identity as a researcher was under threat, but that wasn’t what had drawn me to graduate school in the first place. I had another, stronger identity: I wanted to be a teacher. However, I hadn’t had the chance: The first two years of my program were supposed to focus entirely on research.
I realized that if I wanted to bounce back from the research rejections, I had to find a way to teach. I convinced an adviser to sign off on independent study projects for a group of students, and I started meeting with them weekly to teach my own little class. The conversations with the students gave rise to my first two major papers, which gave me a head start toward tenure.
4．What was the author’s reaction to the leading expert’s words
A．He took his advice. B．He felt discouraged.
C．He paid no attention. D．He consulted another expert.
5．What have neuroscientists found out
A．Rejection really hurts.
B．Rejection is important to survival.
C．People tend to overreact to rejection.
D．Physical pain grows because of rejection.
6．What does the author advise us to do when facing rejection
A．Find out the reasons behind it.
B．Forgive those who reject us.
C．Turn to our stronger identity.
D．Learn a lesson from past failures.
7．What happened to the author at last
A．He left graduate school.
B．He turned into a middle school teacher.
C．He worked on practicing his physical pliability.
D．He accomplished some research work successfully.
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议，主要讨论的是个人在面对学术和职业上的拒绝时如何调整心态和寻找新的机会。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, when my first three papers were rejected by major journals, a leading expert told me my projects were hopeless, and I wondered if I should drop out.(然而，当我的前三篇论文被主要期刊拒绝时，一位权威专家告诉我，我的项目没有希望了，我想知道我是否应该退学。)”可知，作者对权威专家的话的反应是感到灰心丧气。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) have scanned the brains of people who have cruelly been excluded from an online game. The physiological (生理学的) response looks fairly similar to processing physical pain.(神经科学家扫描了被残忍地排除在网络游戏之外的人的大脑。生理反应看起来与处理生理疼痛非常相似。)”可知，神经学家发现了拒绝真的让人感到疼痛。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When my work got rejected early in my academic career, pliability became my source of strength. My identity as a researcher was under threat, but that wasn’t what had drawn me to graduate school in the first place. I had another, stronger identity: I wanted to be a teacher.(在我的学术生涯早期，当我的作品被拒绝时，柔韧性成了我力量的源泉。我作为一名研究员的身份受到了威胁，但这并不是吸引我进入研究生院的首要原因。我有另一个更强烈的身份：我想成为一名教师。)”可知，面对拒绝，作者建议我们转向我们更强大的身份。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The conversations with the students gave rise to my first two major papers, which gave me a head start toward tenure.(与学生们的对话促成了我最初的两篇主要论文，这使我在获得终身教职方面有了一个良好的开端。)”可知，作者最后成功地完成了一些研究工作。故选D。
C
（2024·重庆·三模）In Oceanside, a coastal suburb about 40 miles north of San Diego, the palm trees wave and the temperature is almost perfect. Teenagers watch surfers ride glassy waves. Every day it feels like the most perfect summer day. There is just one problem: The sand is disappearing.
While many visitors, and even lifelong Californians in the industrial state, might see wide areas of sand as part of the state’s natural beauty, the reality is that over decades, the coast has become a highly engineered wonder. Millions of cubic yards of sand dug from other parts has been added in the last century to build the postcard-worthy beach like the one in Santa Monica.
But a range of forces have shrunk beaches all along California’s coastline. California could lose as much as 75% of its beaches by 2100, given the sea level rise related to climate change. Over time, beach sand gets s wept up into the water. Some of it moves towards other beaches. Besides, dams and concrete canals have reduced the amount of river sediment (沉淀物) flowing downstream that could help fill beaches as a supplement (补充). If the shoreline were allowed to evolve without human intervention, the beaches could continue to exist as we know them. But in California, the development in many places along the coast has created a hard barrier, disturbing that natural evolution.
Over the years, local governments worked together on a few major sand supplement projects. But those, still, have proved to be fleeting solutions. “Everything we do is a short-term fix,” said Gary Griggers, a professor specializing in coastal science. In recent years, as the sand’s disappearance grew more extreme, longtime Oceanside residents formed an organization called Save Oceanside Sand. A beach town cannot exist without a beach. Leaders here launched some international design competitions, aiming at finding new ways of getting and keeping sand on the city’s beaches.
“It’s really a race. I think there’s absolutely nothing we can do to hold back the Pacific Ocean,” said Gairy Griggers.
8．What does the author mean by mentioning the engineered wonder
A．Most visitors are engineers. B．California is an industrial state.
C．It’s the perfect holiday vacation. D．The beach is artificially maintained.
9．What is a reason for the crisis of beaches along California’s coastline
A．Sand supplement has been added. B．Sea level rise results in climate change.
C．Much river sediment is flowing downstream. D．Human intervention blocks the natural evolution.
10．What does the underlined word “fleeting” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Efficient. B．Temporary. C．Sustainable. D．Complex.
11．Which of the following was done to preserve Californian beaches
A．Design contests were held. B．Dams and canals were built.
C．Man-made beaches were expanded. D．Sand-themed postcards were published.
【答案】8．D 9．D 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在圣地亚哥以北约40英里的海滨郊区，有一片怡人沙滩。殊不知，这片游客眼中的“自然风光”竟是人工造景。几十年来，这片沙滩的沙子在不断减少，当地的人们尝试了各种各样的方法，以拯救这片美丽的沙滩。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Millions of cubic yards of sand dug from other parts has been added in the last century to build the postcard-worthy beach like the one in Santa Monica.(在上个世纪，从其他地方挖出的数百万立方码的沙子被添加进去，建造了像圣莫尼卡那样值得明信片的海滩)”可知，这片沙滩的沙子是从别处搬来的，是靠人工维持的。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the shoreline were allowed to evolve without human intervention, the beaches could continue to exist as we know them.(如果允许海岸线在没有人为干预的情况下进化，海滩可以继续以我们所知道的方式存在)”可知，人为干预阻碍了沙滩的自然进化，给沙滩带来了危机。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“Everything we do is a short-term fix(我们所做的一切都是短期的解决办法)”可知，这些解决方法都是短暂的。故划线词意思是“短暂的”。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Leaders here launched some international design competitions, aiming at finding new ways of getting and keeping sand on the city’s beaches.(这里的领导人发起了一些国际设计竞赛，旨在寻找新的方法来获取和保持城市海滩上的沙子)”可知，人们举行了一些国际的设计比赛活动，来拯救沙滩。故选A。
D
（2024·山西·模拟预测）A team of scientists from the Center for Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science Group at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discovery about how computers and human brains work similarly when remembering things. They found out that the way artificial intelligence (AI) models, like those in smart robots, store memories is a lot like how our brain’s memory center, called the hippocampus (海马体), does it. This part of the brain is really important for feelings and memories.
Understanding how AI learns and keeps information is key to making it smarter. The scientists looked into how our brains learn and remember by focusing on a special process involving the NMDA receptor, a critical part of the hippocampus. This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering. It opens when certain brain chemicals are present, allowing the cell to receive signals and create memories. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, only letting substances in under the right conditions.
Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar “guarding” method to manage its memory. They wondered if they could make the Transformer’s memory better by copying the brain’s process. By adjusting some settings in the Transformer to mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain’s memory door, they improved its ability to remember things long-term, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect how well we remember stuff.
This discovery is a big deal because it shows we can use what we know about the brain to make AI smarter. C． Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. It opens up new ways to understand how the brain works and to create more advanced AI based on these insights.
So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future.
12．What does the term “NMDA receptor” in paragraph 2 most likely refer to
A．A type of computer virus that attacks AI systems.
B．A new technology for making computers run faster.
C．A component in AI models that predicts future events.
D．A part of the human brain involved in learning and memory.
13．What did the team discover about Transformer
A．It directly mimics the brain’s memory process.
B．It is unaffected by changes in memory settings.
C．It uses a special method to manage memory.
D．It requires adjustments to enhance long-term memory.
14．What is the significance of the research findings according to C． Justin LEE
A．It is a new approach to memory organization.
B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neuroscience.
C．It is a method for improving short-term memory in AI.
D．It is a breakthrough in understanding AI emotional processing.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Exploring the NMDA receptor in the brain.
B．Discussing implications of neuroscience for AI.
C．Comparing computer and human memory processes.
D．Discovering similarities between AI and human memory.
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现人工智能记忆存储方式与人脑海马体相似，并通过模仿大脑记忆机制改进了AI模型的记忆能力，促进了AI与脑科学的发展。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering.(这种受体就像我们大脑中的一扇智能门，帮助我们学习和记忆)”可知，“NMDA receptor”是人脑中参与学习和记忆的一部分。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar “guarding” method to manage its memory.(有趣的是，研究小组发现，Transformer是一种人工智能模型，它使用类似的“保护”方法来管理内存)”可知，Transformer使用了一种类似于保护的特殊方法来管理其内存。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“C. Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. (C. Justin LEE，该研究所的神经科学主任表示，这项研究对于人工智能和脑科学都是一个重大的进展)”可知，他认为这些研究发现的重要意义在于这项研究发现推进了AI和神经科学的关键步骤。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段“So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future.(所以，简单来说，科学家们已经发现计算机能够以和我们惊人相似的方式学习和记忆，这可能有助于它们在未来变得更加智能。)”可知，整篇文章的中心思想是关于在人工智能和人类记忆之间发现的相似性，D选项“发现人工智能与人类记忆之间的相似之处”准确总结了文章的中心思想。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）How to Create the Perfect Spring Planter
Spring containers are an easy solution for jazzing up a colorless balcony and boring corners of any garden at this time of year. 16
Choosing the right container is important. Always think about the style of your garden. 17 They are solid pots for spring as they don’t blow over in those early spring winds. Check that the pot has a large drainage (排水) hole to ensure that the soil drains well, but always cover it with a crock (like a piece from a broken ower planter) so that the soil doesn’t block the hole and create problems with drainage later down the line.
Choosing the right compost (堆肥) is the key to the success of any planting. I think it’s best to use soil-based compost so that the soil does not become too heavy or waterlogged, especially in spring when we could have plenty of showers. 18 And too much water in the soil will freeze, preventing the plants from taking up the vital water.
Plant combinations are important, so always think about mixes which will last as well as annual and perennial (多年生的) ones. 19 A bunch of pots forces the eye to look around and take in each pot and plant combination. A nice option is planting summer owers like Dahlia or Lily to create a summer impact.
20 It can be achieved by using tall plants. If you don’t have a tall plant then you can always raise your pot off the ground with old house bricks or decorative pot feet, or use steps in your garden to create interest and drama.
A pleasant smell is always a lovely addition to a space as well as wildlife. Select the right plant for your location in your garden－sun or shade-loving.
A．I like good, weighty planters.
B．It can still be frosty right up to May.
C．And besides, they are so easy to care for.
D．I also like to group pots together in different sizes.
E．Capitalize on those variations to help choose companions.
F．You may nd some of these plants in smaller pots or even multi-packs.
G．Height is important to think about when you’re designing your arrangement.
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了打造完美春季花盆的技巧，包括挑选与花园风格匹配的稳固花盆、使用土壤基质堆肥确保良好排水、植物搭配考虑持久性与季节性，以及通过高低错落布置增加观赏性。
16．由上文“Spring containers are an easy solution for jazzing up a colorless balcony and boring corners of any garden at this time of year. (春季容器是此时为无色的阳台和花园中枯燥角落增添活力的简单解决方案)”可知，本空继续讲述春季种植容器的好处，C选项“此外，它们很容易照料”继续补充说明了春季种植容器便于打理的优点，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
17．由上文“Choosing the right container is important. Always think about the style of your garden. (选择合适的容器很重要。始终要考虑你花园的风格)”可知，上文提到了选择容器的重要性以及需要考虑的因素，本空要说跟“选择容器”有关的话题，A选项“我喜欢坚固、沉稳的种植容器”是对个人偏好的具体描述，与前文关于容器的选择相呼应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
18．由上文“I think it’s best to use soil-based compost so that the soil does not become too heavy or waterlogged, especially in spring when we could have plenty of showers. (我认为最好使用基于土壤的堆肥，这样土壤就不会变得太重或过于水浸，尤其是在春季，我们可能会有很多阵雨)”可知，上文提到了春季雨水多可能导致的问题，本空要说跟“春季天气”有关的话题，B选项“直到五月还可能有霜冻”继续补充了春季天气的另一特点，即霜冻，都是关于春季气候对植物生长影响的讨论，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
19．由上文“Plant combinations are important, so always think about mixes which will last as well as annual and perennial ones. (植物组合很重要，所以要经常考虑那些能够持续生长以及一年生和多年生的植物组合)”可知，上文提到了植物搭配的策略，本空要说跟“植物搭配”有关的话题，D选项“我也喜欢把不同大小的花盆放在一起”进一步说明了如何通过组合花盆来营造和谐的视觉效果，与前文关于植物布局的内容紧密相连，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
20．由下文“It can be achieved by using tall plants. If you don’t have a tall plant when you can always raise your pot off the ground with old house bricks or decorative pot feet, or use steps in your garden to create interest and drama. (这可以通过使用高大的植物来实现。如果你没有一株高大的植物，你可以用旧砖或装饰花盆的脚把你的花盆抬离地面，或者在你的花园里用台阶来创造兴趣和戏剧)”可知，上文提到了使用高大植物达到某种效果的方法，本空要说跟“设计布置”有关的话题，G选项“在设计布置时，高度是一个需要考虑的重要因素”作为引言，指出在设计植物布局时应考虑高度问题，与下文提出的解决方案相衔接。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·重庆·三模）Juleus Ghunta is a published children’s author and award-winning poet. But when young, he could 21 read.
He grew up with his three sisters in rural Western Jamaica, raised by their single mother. Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to 22 resources.
When Ghunta finally went to school, he couldn’t 23 on reading. Not only had he been kept home from school as a child, but he had not been 24 to books.
By sixth grade, he could spell his name, but still couldn’t make out words or read with 25 . He struggled in school with a deep sense of 26 and worthlessness.
At age 12, a young teacher-in-training 27 a special reading program for 28 students. Ghunta was the first to join. That teacher, whose name he does not 29 now, became Ghunta’s unsung hero — the person who changed his life.
The teacher was incredibly kind to him. Under her guidance, Ghunta’s reading skills saw marked improvement, and his sense of inadequacy began to 30 .
“She had left me with the gift of literacy,” he said. “And a deeper 31 of my talent.”
After Ghunta’s experience with the teacher, his life course 32 . He graduated with academic 33 and is now the author of two children’s books, including “Rohan Bullkin and the Shadows.”
Years later, Ghunta returned to his old school and asked the principal and teachers if they knew her 34 , but none did. Carrying this memory, however, he still hopes to find and thank her for seeing his 35 and being a source of light and hope in his life.
21．A．merely B．barely C．totally D．simply
22．A．abundant B．public C．limited D．financial
23．A．give up B．fall behind C．miss out D．catch up
24．A．exposed B．drawn C．adapted D．devoted
25．A．reference B．hesitation C．caution D．understanding
26．A．awe B．loss C．guilt D．wonder
27．A．started B．submitted C．downloaded D．forwarded
28．A．disappointing B．struggling C．advanced D．qualified
29．A．type B．spell C．distinguish D．recall
30．A．disappear B．peak C．form D．spread
31．A．appreciation B．waste C．memory D．source
32．A．risked B．approached C．shifted D．determined
33．A．skills B．honors C．courses D．efforts
34．A．occupation. B．identity C．age D．name
35．A．drawback B．reflection C．potential D．ambition
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位名叫Juleus Ghunta的年轻人，在早年因资源匮乏几乎无法阅读，但在一位实习教师的帮助下，他的阅读能力得到显著提升，进而改变了人生轨迹，最终以优异成绩毕业并成为儿童书籍作者的故事。Ghunta心怀感激，希望找到这位老师表达谢意，她对他而言是生命中的光与希望。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当他年轻的时候，他几乎不会读书。A. merely仅仅；B. barely几乎不；C. totally完全地；D. simply简单地。根据下文的“Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to 2 resources”可知，Juleus Ghunta 成长过程中缺乏教育资源，因此这里表示他几乎不会阅读。故选B。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活艰难，由于资源有限，接受适当的教育是不可能的。A. abundant丰富的；B. public公共的；C. limited有限的；D. financial金融的。根据前文的“Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to”可知，此处指他家庭的经济状况不佳，教育资源有限，故难以获得正规教育。故选C。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当Ghunta最终上学时，他无法在阅读上赶上进度。A. give up放弃；B. fall behind落后；C. miss out错过；D. catch up赶上。根据前文的“Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to 2 resources.”和后文的“Not only had he been kept home from school as a child, but he had not been 4 to books.”可知，他不仅小时候被留在家里没去上学，而且也没有接触过书籍，由于之前缺乏基础，他上学后无法在阅读上赶上进度。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不仅小时候被留在家里没去上学，而且也没有接触过书籍。A. exposed接触；B. drawn绘制；C. adapted适应；D. devoted致力于。根据前文的“Not only had he been kept home from school as a child, but he had not been”可知，由于家境困难，他小时候被留在家里没去上学，也没有机会接触到书籍，exposed to表示“接触”，符合上下文。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到六年级时，他会拼写自己的名字，但仍无法识字或理解地阅读。A. reference参考；B. hesitation犹豫；C. caution谨慎；D. understanding理解。根据前文的“he could spell his name, but still couldn’t make out words or read with”可知，这里强调他无法理解阅读内容，表明阅读能力仍然很低。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在学校里苦苦挣扎，深感失败和无用。A. awe敬畏；B. loss失败；C. guilt内疚；D. wonder惊奇。根据前文的“By sixth grade, he could spell his name, but still couldn’t make out words or read with 5 . He struggled in school with a deep sense of ”可知，在学校表现不佳让他感到自己很失败。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：12岁时，一位年轻的实习教师为学习有困难的学生启动了一个特别的阅读项目。A. started启动；B. submitted提交；C. downloaded下载；D. forwarded转发。根据前文的“a special reading program”可知，一位年轻的实习教师启动一个项目来帮助学生，故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. struggling挣扎的；C. advanced高级的；D. qualified合格的。根据后文的“Ghunta was the first to join”可知，这里指那些在学习上遇到困难、需要帮助的学生。struggling students指的是那些在学习上遇到挑战，但仍坚持不懈努力的学生。故选B。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位老师的名字他现在记不起来了。A. type打字；B. spell拼写；C. distinguish区分；D. recall回想起。根据前文的“whose name he does not”可知，此处指他不记得老师的名字了。故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的指导下，Ghunta的阅读技能有了显著提高，他的自卑感开始消失。A. disappear消失；B. peak达到顶峰；C. form形成；D. spread传播。根据前文的“Under her guidance, Ghunta’s reading skills saw marked improvement, and his sense of inadequacy began to”可知，随着阅读能力的提升，他的自卑感逐渐消失。故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给我留下了文化的礼物，以及对自己的才能更深的理解。A. appreciation理解；B. waste 浪费；C. memory 记忆；D. source 来源。根据前文的“And a deeper”和后文“of my talent”可知，在老师的帮助下，他对自己的能力有了更深的理解。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Ghunta有了那位老师的经验之后，他的人生轨迹发生了转变。A. risked冒险；B. approached接近；C. shifted转变；D. determined决定。根据后文的“He graduated with academic 13 and is now the author of two children’s books, including “Rohan Bullkin and the Shadows.””可知，他以优异的成绩毕业，并且现在是两本儿童书籍的作者，所以这里指他的人生方向因为这次经历而发生了转变。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以学术荣誉毕业，并且现在是两本儿童书籍的作者，包括《Rohan Bullkin and the Shadows》。A. skills技能；B. honors荣誉；C. courses课程；D. efforts努力。根据前文的“He graduated with academic”可知，这里指他学业成绩优异，他以学术荣誉毕业。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，Ghunta回到他的母校，问校长和老师们是否知道她的名字，但没有人知道。A. occupation职业；B. identity身份；C. age年龄；D. name名字。根据前文的“whose name he does not 9 now”、“Ghunta returned to his old school and asked the principal and teachers if they knew her”可知，Ghunta不记得那位老师的名字了，回到他的母校，询问那位老师的姓名。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着这份记忆，他仍然希望能找到并感谢她看到了他的潜力，成为他生命中的光明和希望之源。A. drawback缺点；B. reflection反思；C. potential潜力；D. ambition抱负。根据前文的“And a deeper 11 of my talent”和“ he still hopes to find and thank her for seeing his”可知，这里指老师看到了他潜在的能力。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·安徽芜湖·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Buds is the 36 (eight) solar term of a year. It means that the seeds from grain are becoming full but are not ripe. The 24 solar terms 37 (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, 38 (culture) ceremonies, gardening and even healthy living tips that correspond 39 each solar term. During the Grain Buds period, the summer harvest is about to begin. A saying about rain during this time mentions, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full". Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water, which makes fish and shrimp big and fat. This is a good time 40 (eat) fish and shrimp. It is also 41 harvest season for fishermen. A Chinese farmer proverb says, “Mulberries become black during the Grain Buds period”. Thus it is a good season to eat mulberries. This time is a good period for the quick 42 (grow) of flowers. It is also a season 43 plant diseases and pests are at an all-time high. High temperatures and humidity are common during the Grain Buds period. The increase in temperature over this season may also give rise to nettle rash, sweat spots and other skin 44 (disease) . It is also important to exercise to keep healthy during the hot summer days. Walking, 45 (jog) and practicing Tai Chi are popular.
【答案】36．eighth 37．were created 38．cultural 39．with/to 40．to eat 41．a 42．growth 43．when 44．diseases 45．jogging
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统的24节气之一——小满的含义、起源及其对农业、饮食、健康生活等方面的影响，同时也提到了在这个节气期间的气候特点及建议的活动。
36．考查序数词。句意：小满是一年中的第八个节气。根据句意和空前的the可知，此处应使用序数词eighth表示“第八”。故填eighth。
37．考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：24节气是几千年前为指导农业生产而创建的。根据时间状语thousands of years ago可知，事情发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时。主语The 24 solar terms与动词create“创建”之间是被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were created。
38．考查形容词。句意：但是节气文化今天仍然有用，通过与每个节气相对应的特殊食物、文化仪式、园艺甚至健康生活技巧来指导人们的生活。本空用形容词cultural“文化的”，作定语，修饰名词ceremonies。故填cultural。
39．考查介词。句意：但是节气文化今天仍然有用，通过与每个节气相对应的特殊食物、文化仪式、园艺甚至健康生活技巧来指导人们的生活。correspond with/to为固定搭配，表示“符合，与……相对应”。故填with/to。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是吃鱼和虾的好时机。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to eat。故填to eat。
41．考查冠词。句意：这也是一个渔民的丰收季节。season在这里指“渔民的丰收季节”，此处泛指“一个渔民的丰收季节”，且season以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
42．考查名词。句意：这段时间是花卉快速生长的好时期。此处应填名词growth，作for的宾语，表示“生长”。故填growth。
43．考查定语从句。句意：也是植物病虫害达到高峰的季节。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为season，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
44．考查名词的数。句意：在这个季节，温度的升高还可能引发荨麻疹、汗斑和其他皮肤病。根据空前的other可知，此处应用名词disease“疾病”的复数形式diseases。故填diseases。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：散步、慢跑和练太极很受欢迎。jog“慢跑”。本空用动名词jogging，与walking和practicing并列，作主语。故填jogging。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·广东肇庆·三模）假定你是学生会主席李华，英国某中学的部分师生即将访问你校，并体验校园传统文化节活动。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞，主要内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎； 2. 活动介绍； 3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear visiting guests,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
【答案】Dear visiting guests,
On behalf of all the students in our school, I’d like to express our warmest welcome to you. It’s really a great honor for us that you can come and join us in the Campus Traditional Cultural Festival.
The purpose of the festival is to enrich our school life and carry forward Chinese traditional culture. We will organize a series of activities, including performances on traditional Chinese musical instruments, folk dances and Chinese martial arts. Without doubt, it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better.
Now, welcome again, our distinguished quests! I sincerely hope that you will have great fun here and get familiar with Chinese culture as well.
Thank you!
Dear visiting guests,
It’s my honor to stand here on behalf of all the students, and I’d like to extend our warmest welcome to your coming and joining us in the Campus Traditional Culture Festival.
Aimed at enriching our extra-curricular life and carrying forward traditional Chinese culture, a wide range of activities are due/arranged/expected, which are divided into 3 categories. One contains audiovisual performances on traditional Chinese musical instruments, folk dances and Chinese martial arts. Another involves paper-cutting, making tea and other intriguing hands-on projects. What comes the last is the interactive class—workshops where individuals share insights into given customs and traditions, making for the collision and blend of distinct minds. With these refreshing and spellbinding activities, there must be one to your taste and you’ll be totally immersed in the charm and vitality/vigour of Chinese culture and thus gain more insights into it as well.
Welcome again, our distinguished guests! We sincerely hope everyone will have a pleasant and memorable time.
Thank you!
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一篇欢迎辞，欢迎英国某中学的部分师生来校访问，并体验校园传统文化节活动。解析以范文一为例。
【详解】1.词汇积累
表达：express→convey
机会：chance→opportunity
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
玩得很开心：have great fun→have a wonderful time
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Without doubt, it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better.
拓展句：There is no doubt that it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s really a great honor for us that you can come and join us in the Campus Traditional Cultural Festival. (运用了that引导的主语从句，it作形式主语)
【高分句型2】I sincerely hope that you will have great fun here and get familiar with Chinese culture as well. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
This…was turning out to be a strange meeting. Though the one in black doesn’t know it, the one white is beginning to share the darker girl’s lack of enthusiasm. Like a fire in a sudden chill wind, her hope flickers and wanes. Now she grows uncomfortable, anxious, and wary. A slight but unshakable atmosphere drifts between them, one that feels unmistakably off. To her, it seems as though their very meeting is something the world finds to be simply…“wrong”. The ever-present glass, now scattered unevenly throughout and above the broken grounds, reflects that strange feeling.
Ordinarily, these shards would flock to them without their bidding：“happiness”to the girl in white, “tragedies” to the girl in black. Right now, every piece of glass in the air stands still. Perhaps half a hundred mirrors are quietly
suspended around the girls, half-catching images of the empty place that surrounds them. When the girl in white tries to call out to them, they will not even waver. It unsettles her：happiness placed beside horror, equally glinting and equally motionless. The only piece that will follow her is the one she can hold—the one that set her free.
She stares hard at the shadow girl.“If we’re in this together, ”she begins, leaning forward, “then what do you think about staying together We…We could help each other, and maybe…”
She stops. The other girl is staring into the empty, canvas-like sky with a blank and uninformative expression. She doesn’t seem to be listening, but in truth she has followed every word.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
“Maybe…”the dark girl echoes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
And the remnant of the girl she used to be, the Tairitsu who had first woken up in this world, rebelled against the prospect of “the end”—against the idea of giving up.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
“Maybe…” the dark girl echoes. Her voice trailing off into the silent void between them. She turns her gaze from the empty sky, her eyes meeting the girl in white’s with a mix of curiosity and wariness. “Maybe we could find a way out of this,” she says slowly, her tone more thoughtful than her initial disinterested stance. “There’s something strange about this place, about these shards of glass that seem to reflect our emotions. Maybe if we understand them better, we can use them to our advantage.” The dark girl pauses, as if searching for the right words. “I don’t know…I just feel like we’re missing something.”
Paragraph 2:
And the remnant of the girl she used to be, the Tairitsu who had first woken up in this world, rebelled against the prospect of “the end” – against the idea of giving up. She had always been a fighter, a seeker of knowledge and truth, and this strange encounter was no exception. “I don’t want to just accept this fate,” she said, her voice firm. “There’s always a way, always a choice. Let’s explore this place, these shards of glass, and see what secrets they hold. Maybe we can find a way to escape this strange world, together.” The girl in white nodded, her face brightening with a spark of determination. Together, they stepped forward, ready to face whatever challenges lay ahead.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了两个女孩在一个满是玻璃的地方寻找出去的方法，两人互相帮助，一起找解决办法，迎接挑战。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘也许……’黑衣女孩附和道”可知，第一段可描写两人商量出去的办法。
②由第二段首句内容“她曾经是那个女孩的残余，那个在这个世界上第一次醒来的Tairitsu，反抗“末日”的前景——反抗放弃的想法”可知，第二段可描写两人找到出去的办法并成功应对挑战。
2.续写线索：商议办法——找到方案——坚定内心——应对挑战——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①有利：to our advantage/benefit
②接受：accept /embrace
③寻找：search for/look for
情绪类
①准备好：ready/prepared
②体贴的：thoughtful /considerate
【点睛】[高分句型1] Maybe if we understand them better, we can use them to our advantage. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
[高分句型2] Together, they stepped forward, ready to face whatever challenges lay ahead. (运用了whatever引导宾语从句)必修一 Unit 2 Travelling Around 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·浙江绍兴·三模）Best of Nashville TN Vacation
Enjoy the best of this unique city with the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package. This package allows you to experience hand-picked activities that will help you to have a truly memorable Music City adventure.Package Includes
● 5 Nights’ Accommodations in your choice of over 46 hotels
● Discover Nashville Tour
● Grand Ole Opry at Opry House Preferred Seating
● General Jackson Showboat Evening Dinner CruiseAbout the Included Discover Nashville Tour
See all of the most exciting attractions in Nashville with the incredible Discover Nashville Tour. This tour will give you views of historic downtown, the Tennessee state capital, the Parthenon and many other wonderful attractions. This tour also includes admission to the legendary Ryman Auditorium where the tradition of the Grand Ole Opry began as well as admission to the huge Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.About the Included Grand Ole Opry at Opry House
Guests will also be able to attend the most famous country music show in the world with Grand Ole Opry Tickets! Head to the Opry House to see some of legendary stars in the country. You never know who you may get to see! This package includes Preferred Seating.About the Included General Jackson Showboat Cruise
Experience one of the most beloved activities in Nashville, TN with tickets on the General Jackson. Climb aboard this fantastic showboat and set off for an evening of great entertainment, sightseeing, and delicious food. Enjoy some of the most beautiful landmarks in Nashville and glimpse the skyline from the water. It’s sure to be an awesome addition to your journey!About the Included Lodging
Visitors on this vacation will also be able to choose which lodging option best suits their needs. Whether they wish to stay in a budget-friendly hotel that will fit the entire family or would like a more peaceful suite in a resort hotel, there are options for everyone. The package includes five nights of lodging.
Experience the best of the best of Nashville’s finest attractions, cruises, and more! You and your loved ones are bound to have an awesome time with these fun activities and five nights of lodging.
1．What is NOT included in the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package
A．Meeting superstars of the country. B．Learning the history of the state capital.
C．Appreciating the scenery on the showboat. D．Enjoying the most famous country music show.
2．What is true about the included lodging according to the passage
A．The lodging option is fixed. B．A wide choice of hotels are offered.
C．The hotels to be selected are luxurious. D．Extra expenses are needed for accommodations.
3．What is the passage probably taken from
A．A travel journal. B．A textbook.
C．An advertising page. D．A news report.
B
（2024·安徽合肥·三模）At the beginning of graduate school, I knew that if I wanted to get tenure (长期聘用), I had to be productive. However, when my first three papers were rejected by major journals, a leading expert told me my projects were hopeless, and I wondered if I should drop out.
We all get rejected at work, whether it’s having our suggestions shot down or getting fired from a job. It causes pain. Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) have scanned the brains of people who have cruelly been excluded from an online game. The physiological (生理学的) response looks fairly similar to processing physical pain.
Apparently, this was adaptive in our evolutionary past. If rejection didn’t hurt, you might have been perfectly comfortable leaving your tribe, which would not be good for your survival. But it’s left us nervous and likely to overreact to everyday rejections. If you’ve ever given a presentation and felt upset by the one unfriendly face in a room full of smiles, you know what I mean.
That’s the bad news. The good news is that we can learn to accept rejection calmly. “When you’re insecure in one, you rely on the other one that’s doing better at that time. Pliability (柔韧性) is the definition of strength,” said filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan.
When my work got rejected early in my academic career, pliability became my source of strength. My identity as a researcher was under threat, but that wasn’t what had drawn me to graduate school in the first place. I had another, stronger identity: I wanted to be a teacher. However, I hadn’t had the chance: The first two years of my program were supposed to focus entirely on research.
I realized that if I wanted to bounce back from the research rejections, I had to find a way to teach. I convinced an adviser to sign off on independent study projects for a group of students, and I started meeting with them weekly to teach my own little class. The conversations with the students gave rise to my first two major papers, which gave me a head start toward tenure.
4．What was the author’s reaction to the leading expert’s words
A．He took his advice. B．He felt discouraged.
C．He paid no attention. D．He consulted another expert.
5．What have neuroscientists found out
A．Rejection really hurts.
B．Rejection is important to survival.
C．People tend to overreact to rejection.
D．Physical pain grows because of rejection.
6．What does the author advise us to do when facing rejection
A．Find out the reasons behind it.
B．Forgive those who reject us.
C．Turn to our stronger identity.
D．Learn a lesson from past failures.
7．What happened to the author at last
A．He left graduate school.
B．He turned into a middle school teacher.
C．He worked on practicing his physical pliability.
D．He accomplished some research work successfully.
C
（2024·重庆·三模）In Oceanside, a coastal suburb about 40 miles north of San Diego, the palm trees wave and the temperature is almost perfect. Teenagers watch surfers ride glassy waves. Every day it feels like the most perfect summer day. There is just one problem: The sand is disappearing.
While many visitors, and even lifelong Californians in the industrial state, might see wide areas of sand as part of the state’s natural beauty, the reality is that over decades, the coast has become a highly engineered wonder. Millions of cubic yards of sand dug from other parts has been added in the last century to build the postcard-worthy beach like the one in Santa Monica.
But a range of forces have shrunk beaches all along California’s coastline. California could lose as much as 75% of its beaches by 2100, given the sea level rise related to climate change. Over time, beach sand gets s wept up into the water. Some of it moves towards other beaches. Besides, dams and concrete canals have reduced the amount of river sediment (沉淀物) flowing downstream that could help fill beaches as a supplement (补充). If the shoreline were allowed to evolve without human intervention, the beaches could continue to exist as we know them. But in California, the development in many places along the coast has created a hard barrier, disturbing that natural evolution.
Over the years, local governments worked together on a few major sand supplement projects. But those, still, have proved to be fleeting solutions. “Everything we do is a short-term fix,” said Gary Griggers, a professor specializing in coastal science. In recent years, as the sand’s disappearance grew more extreme, longtime Oceanside residents formed an organization called Save Oceanside Sand. A beach town cannot exist without a beach. Leaders here launched some international design competitions, aiming at finding new ways of getting and keeping sand on the city’s beaches.
“It’s really a race. I think there’s absolutely nothing we can do to hold back the Pacific Ocean,” said Gairy Griggers.
8．What does the author mean by mentioning the engineered wonder
A．Most visitors are engineers. B．California is an industrial state.
C．It’s the perfect holiday vacation. D．The beach is artificially maintained.
9．What is a reason for the crisis of beaches along California’s coastline
A．Sand supplement has been added. B．Sea level rise results in climate change.
C．Much river sediment is flowing downstream. D．Human intervention blocks the natural evolution.
10．What does the underlined word “fleeting” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Efficient. B．Temporary. C．Sustainable. D．Complex.
11．Which of the following was done to preserve Californian beaches
A．Design contests were held. B．Dams and canals were built.
C．Man-made beaches were expanded. D．Sand-themed postcards were published.
D
（2024·山西·模拟预测）A team of scientists from the Center for Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science Group at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discovery about how computers and human brains work similarly when remembering things. They found out that the way artificial intelligence (AI) models, like those in smart robots, store memories is a lot like how our brain’s memory center, called the hippocampus (海马体), does it. This part of the brain is really important for feelings and memories.
Understanding how AI learns and keeps information is key to making it smarter. The scientists looked into how our brains learn and remember by focusing on a special process involving the NMDA receptor, a critical part of the hippocampus. This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering. It opens when certain brain chemicals are present, allowing the cell to receive signals and create memories. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, only letting substances in under the right conditions.
Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar “guarding” method to manage its memory. They wondered if they could make the Transformer’s memory better by copying the brain’s process. By adjusting some settings in the Transformer to mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain’s memory door, they improved its ability to remember things long-term, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect how well we remember stuff.
This discovery is a big deal because it shows we can use what we know about the brain to make AI smarter. C． Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. It opens up new ways to understand how the brain works and to create more advanced AI based on these insights.
So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future.
12．What does the term “NMDA receptor” in paragraph 2 most likely refer to
A．A type of computer virus that attacks AI systems.
B．A new technology for making computers run faster.
C．A component in AI models that predicts future events.
D．A part of the human brain involved in learning and memory.
13．What did the team discover about Transformer
A．It directly mimics the brain’s memory process.
B．It is unaffected by changes in memory settings.
C．It uses a special method to manage memory.
D．It requires adjustments to enhance long-term memory.
14．What is the significance of the research findings according to C． Justin LEE
A．It is a new approach to memory organization.
B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neuroscience.
C．It is a method for improving short-term memory in AI.
D．It is a breakthrough in understanding AI emotional processing.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Exploring the NMDA receptor in the brain.
B．Discussing implications of neuroscience for AI.
C．Comparing computer and human memory processes.
D．Discovering similarities between AI and human memory.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）How to Create the Perfect Spring Planter
Spring containers are an easy solution for jazzing up a colorless balcony and boring corners of any garden at this time of year. 16
Choosing the right container is important. Always think about the style of your garden. 17 They are solid pots for spring as they don’t blow over in those early spring winds. Check that the pot has a large drainage (排水) hole to ensure that the soil drains well, but always cover it with a crock (like a piece from a broken ower planter) so that the soil doesn’t block the hole and create problems with drainage later down the line.
Choosing the right compost (堆肥) is the key to the success of any planting. I think it’s best to use soil-based compost so that the soil does not become too heavy or waterlogged, especially in spring when we could have plenty of showers. 18 And too much water in the soil will freeze, preventing the plants from taking up the vital water.
Plant combinations are important, so always think about mixes which will last as well as annual and perennial (多年生的) ones. 19 A bunch of pots forces the eye to look around and take in each pot and plant combination. A nice option is planting summer owers like Dahlia or Lily to create a summer impact.
20 It can be achieved by using tall plants. If you don’t have a tall plant then you can always raise your pot off the ground with old house bricks or decorative pot feet, or use steps in your garden to create interest and drama.
A pleasant smell is always a lovely addition to a space as well as wildlife. Select the right plant for your location in your garden－sun or shade-loving.
A．I like good, weighty planters.
B．It can still be frosty right up to May.
C．And besides, they are so easy to care for.
D．I also like to group pots together in different sizes.
E．Capitalize on those variations to help choose companions.
F．You may nd some of these plants in smaller pots or even multi-packs.
G．Height is important to think about when you’re designing your arrangement.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·重庆·三模）Juleus Ghunta is a published children’s author and award-winning poet. But when young, he could 21 read.
He grew up with his three sisters in rural Western Jamaica, raised by their single mother. Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to 22 resources.
When Ghunta finally went to school, he couldn’t 23 on reading. Not only had he been kept home from school as a child, but he had not been 24 to books.
By sixth grade, he could spell his name, but still couldn’t make out words or read with 25 . He struggled in school with a deep sense of 26 and worthlessness.
At age 12, a young teacher-in-training 27 a special reading program for 28 students. Ghunta was the first to join. That teacher, whose name he does not 29 now, became Ghunta’s unsung hero — the person who changed his life.
The teacher was incredibly kind to him. Under her guidance, Ghunta’s reading skills saw marked improvement, and his sense of inadequacy began to 30 .
“She had left me with the gift of literacy,” he said. “And a deeper 31 of my talent.”
After Ghunta’s experience with the teacher, his life course 32 . He graduated with academic 33 and is now the author of two children’s books, including “Rohan Bullkin and the Shadows.”
Years later, Ghunta returned to his old school and asked the principal and teachers if they knew her 34 , but none did. Carrying this memory, however, he still hopes to find and thank her for seeing his 35 and being a source of light and hope in his life.
21．A．merely B．barely C．totally D．simply
22．A．abundant B．public C．limited D．financial
23．A．give up B．fall behind C．miss out D．catch up
24．A．exposed B．drawn C．adapted D．devoted
25．A．reference B．hesitation C．caution D．understanding
26．A．awe B．loss C．guilt D．wonder
27．A．started B．submitted C．downloaded D．forwarded
28．A．disappointing B．struggling C．advanced D．qualified
29．A．type B．spell C．distinguish D．recall
30．A．disappear B．peak C．form D．spread
31．A．appreciation B．waste C．memory D．source
32．A．risked B．approached C．shifted D．determined
33．A．skills B．honors C．courses D．efforts
34．A．occupation. B．identity C．age D．name
35．A．drawback B．reflection C．potential D．ambition
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·安徽芜湖·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Buds is the 36 (eight) solar term of a year. It means that the seeds from grain are becoming full but are not ripe. The 24 solar terms 37 (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, 38 (culture) ceremonies, gardening and even healthy living tips that correspond 39 each solar term. During the Grain Buds period, the summer harvest is about to begin. A saying about rain during this time mentions, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full". Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water, which makes fish and shrimp big and fat. This is a good time 40 (eat) fish and shrimp. It is also 41 harvest season for fishermen. A Chinese farmer proverb says, “Mulberries become black during the Grain Buds period”. Thus it is a good season to eat mulberries. This time is a good period for the quick 42 (grow) of flowers. It is also a season 43 plant diseases and pests are at an all-time high. High temperatures and humidity are common during the Grain Buds period. The increase in temperature over this season may also give rise to nettle rash, sweat spots and other skin 44 (disease) . It is also important to exercise to keep healthy during the hot summer days. Walking, 45 (jog) and practicing Tai Chi are popular.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·广东肇庆·三模）假定你是学生会主席李华，英国某中学的部分师生即将访问你校，并体验校园传统文化节活动。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞，主要内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎； 2. 活动介绍； 3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear visiting guests,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
This…was turning out to be a strange meeting. Though the one in black doesn’t know it, the one white is beginning to share the darker girl’s lack of enthusiasm. Like a fire in a sudden chill wind, her hope flickers and wanes. Now she grows uncomfortable, anxious, and wary. A slight but unshakable atmosphere drifts between them, one that feels unmistakably off. To her, it seems as though their very meeting is something the world finds to be simply…“wrong”. The ever-present glass, now scattered unevenly throughout and above the broken grounds, reflects that strange feeling.
Ordinarily, these shards would flock to them without their bidding：“happiness”to the girl in white, “tragedies” to the girl in black. Right now, every piece of glass in the air stands still. Perhaps half a hundred mirrors are quietly
suspended around the girls, half-catching images of the empty place that surrounds them. When the girl in white tries to call out to them, they will not even waver. It unsettles her：happiness placed beside horror, equally glinting and equally motionless. The only piece that will follow her is the one she can hold—the one that set her free.
She stares hard at the shadow girl.“If we’re in this together, ”she begins, leaning forward, “then what do you think about staying together We…We could help each other, and maybe…”
She stops. The other girl is staring into the empty, canvas-like sky with a blank and uninformative expression. She doesn’t seem to be listening, but in truth she has followed every word.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
“Maybe…”the dark girl echoes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
And the remnant of the girl she used to be, the Tairitsu who had first woken up in this world, rebelled against the prospect of “the end”—against the idea of giving up.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________必修一 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）CAMP REGISTRATION NOW OPEN!
For more information on the guidelines we will be taking to help ensure the safety and health of our campers and staff this summer, click here!
Our Tennis Camps Are the Best Around
We currently offer our adidas Tennis Camps in 19 states, and at every single one we put an emphasis on creating a positive atmosphere for children aged 8 to 18 to receive tennis training from the experts. It doesn’t matter what skill level your child is currently at, they will be able to receive tennis lessons designed just for them, ensuring they leave our tennis camp a better player than when they arrived.
What Your Child Will Learn at Our Tennis Clinics
Whether your child attends our overnight tennis camp or our day tennis camp, they will learn everything they need to excel on the court. A few of our tennis training focuses are:
·Being a good sport ·Perfecting the serve
·Improving form ·Playing with integrity
·Setting goals ·Preparing mentally
What Can Be Expected at Our Summer Tennis Camps
Once there, each player will be evaluated so they can receive the proper tennis lessons for their experience level. After that, the fun will begin. They will receive both individual and team instruction, play exhibition tennis matches, and even win prizes. After the instruction part of the day is over, your child will spend the night in the dorms so they can get a good night’s sleep to prepare for the next day. Of course, all meals will be provided and your child will even receive an adidas Tennis Camp T-shirt to take home with them. If you want your child to improve their tennis skills by learning from the experts, there is no better place to send them than to one of our adidas Tennis Camps.
1．What can be guaranteed after the campers end the adidas Tennis Camp
A．They will get medical insurance for free.
B．They can play tennis better than when they arrived.
C．They will receive tennis lessons designed by stars.
D．They have the opportunity to choose their instructors.
2．What can the campers do at the Summer Tennis Camps
A．Spend the night playing. B．Compete for pr zes.
C．Only receive individual tennis lessons. D．Buy an adidas Tennis Camps T-shirt.
3．What is the text
A．A piece of news. B．A guidebook.
C．An advertisement. D．An abstract of instructions.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个网球训练营的基本情况、招生及活动安排。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It doesn’t matter what skill level your child is currently at, they will be able to receive tennis lessons designed just for them, ensuring they leave our tennis camp a better player than when they arrived. (无论你的孩子目前的技术水平如何，他们都能接受专为他们设计的网球课程，确保他们离开我们的网球训练营时成为比他们抵达时更好的球员。)”可知，他们能更好的提高网球技术，故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They will receive both individual and team instruction, play exhibition tennis matches, and even win prizes. (他们将接受个人和团队指导，参加网球表演赛，甚至赢得奖品。)”可知，参加网球营的人们可以比赛得奖，B项“为奖品而比赛”符合题意。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章大意及最后一段“If you want your child to improve their tennis skills by learning from the experts, there is no better place to send them than to one of our adidas Tennis Camps.(如果你想让你的孩子通过向专家学习来提高他们的网球技能，那么最好的地方就是把他们送到阿迪达斯网球营。)”可知，这是一篇招生广告。故选C项。
B
（2024·辽宁锦州·一模）Defeating Daniil Medvedev in New York on Sunday, Djokovic, one of the greatest tennis player, bagging 24 Grand Slam (大满贯) singles titles, equalized the record held by Australian Margaret Court, the same number of singles titles in the all-time count.
With the victory, Djokovic became the oldest US Open men’s singles champion in the Open Era. In total, he has 10 Australian Opens, seven Wimbledons, four US Opens and three Roland Garros titles, making him the only man to win all four majors at least three times. “When I realized that, I started to dream new dreams and set new goals. I never imagined that I would be here talking about 24 Slams,” he said afterwards.
Djokovic reached all finals in the Grand Slams in 2023, and the only loss was at Wimbledon, when Carlos Alcaraz of Spain, 20, brought home the champion after an intense battle lasting four hours and 43 minutes.
Djokovic, at 36, shows few signs of losing physical edge. He stays healthy, keeps exceptional skills and always desires to win more. Capturing his first Grand Slam in 2008, Djokovic bagged half of his 24 major titles after he turned 30.
“One of the biggest lessons I have learned probably mentally throughout my career is that even if you find a formula (方案) that works, it’s not a guarantee, and actually most likely it’s not going to work the next year, so I keep reinventing myself and always trying to find better ways to win,” said Djokovic.
For Djokovic, who always gets tough when the going gets tough, 24 is just a number that he can go beyond. “I’ll continue to prioritize Grand Slams as my most important tournaments and where I want to play the best tennis. That will stay the same in the next season, or I don’t know how many more seasons I have in my legs,” he added, “So, let’s see.”
4．What does the underlined word “equalized” in the first paragraph probably mean
A．Set. B．Broke. C．Levelled. D．Approached.
5．What can we know about Djokovic according to the passage
A．He won 12 Grand Slams in his thirties.
B．He won all the finals in the Grand Slams in 2023.
C．He attached the same importance to all the matches.
D．He is the oldest men’s singles champion in the open era.
6．What seems the “secret” of Djokovic’s great achievement
A．Losing physical edge. B．Attending more Grand Slams.
C．Following a good formula. D．Finding flexible and proper strategies.
7．Which of the following can best describe Djokovic
A．Confident and emotional. B．Ambitious and devoted.
C．Aggressive and stubborn. D．Enthusiastic and generous.
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是网球运动员德约科维奇在该项运动中所取得的成就以及成功的原因和未来的展望。
4．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Defeating Daniil Medvedev in New York on Sunday, Djokovic, one of the greatest tennis player, bagging 24 Grand Slam (大满贯) singles titles(周日，德约科维奇在纽约击败了丹尼尔·梅德韦杰夫，这位最伟大的网球运动员之一，获得了24个大满贯单打冠军)”可知，德约科维奇是最伟大的网球运动员之一，获得了24个大满贯，结合下文中的“the record held by Australian Margaret Court, the same number of singles titles in the all-time count.(澳大利亚人玛格丽特·考特保持的记录，在历史上获得单打冠军的次数相同。)”可知，此处讲述的是德约科维奇大满贯获得的单打冠军的次数与澳大利亚人玛格丽特·考特保持的记录数相同，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“等同于”意义相近。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Capturing his first Grand Slam in 2008, Djokovic bagged half of his 24 major titles after he turned 30.(2008年，德约科维奇获得了他的第一个大满贯，在他30岁之后，他获得了24个大满贯中的一半。)”可知，德约科维奇获得了24个大满贯冠军，其中30岁以后获得了其中的一半，由此可知，在他三十多岁获得了12个大满贯冠军。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的““One of the biggest lessons I have learned probably mentally throughout my career is that even if you find a formula (方案) that works, it’s not a guarantee, and actually most likely it’s not going to work the next year, so I keep reinventing myself and always trying to find better ways to win,” said Djokovic.(德约科维奇说：“在我的整个职业生涯中，我学到的最重要的一课可能是，即使你找到了一个有效的方案，也不能保证它是有效的，实际上很可能明年它也不会有效，所以我不断地改造自己，总是试图找到更好的方法来赢得比赛。”)”可知，德约科维奇认为，任何一种有效的方案都不能保证以后还会有效，所以他在不断的改变试图找到更好的方法赢得比赛，由此可知，德约科维奇成功的秘诀在于寻找灵活和适当的方案。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据尾段中的““I’ll continue to prioritize Grand Slams as my most important tournaments and where I want to play the best tennis. That will stay the same in the next season, or I don’t know how many more seasons I have in my legs,” he added, “So, let’s see.”(“我将继续把大满贯作为我最重要的比赛，我想在那里打出最好的网球。下个赛季会保持不变，或者我不知道我的腿还能打几个赛季，”他补充道，“所以，让我们看看。”)”可知，德约科维奇将把大满贯作为最重要的比赛，希望在那里打出最好的网球，说明他很有雄心，同时他表示下个赛季保持不变，尽管不知道自己还能打几个赛季，但是他仍旧让人们拭目以待，由此可知，他非常的热衷于网球，由以上可知，德约科维奇是一个有雄心且热衷于网球的人。故选B项。
C
（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earth’s surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation, that is set to at least triple by 2050.
The Geysers in California is the world’s largest geothermal electricity complex. It produces enough electricity from its 18 power plants for 725,000 homes, totaling 20 percent of the state’s renewable energy. Superheated “dry steam” is channeled from a large sandstone reservoir heated by a large magma chamber (岩浆房) more than four miles beneath the surface.
Heat is captured from its passage through the rock and the heated water converts into electricity. Cooled water is then recycled and pumped back to gather more heat. EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies will open up many more sites for geothermal energy. “You can effectively put a power plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, director of the Geothermal Resources Council. “All you have to do is drill deep enough and you will find hot rock.”
Most geothermal plants actually use a flash steam technique, where hot water (at 360F or 180C) is drawn up, passed into lower pressure tanks and flashed into steam to power a turbine (涡轮机). Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the growth technology because they can operate at lower water temperatures and more diverse geographical locations. They use moderately hot water to heat a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point—as low as 135F—to drive turbines.
Geothermal plants already emit 11 times less carbon dioxide per unit of electricity than the average US coal power plant. They can also operate 24 hours a day to provide a solid base load for homes and businesses.
There are drawbacks too. Seismic activity around drilling wells is a factor. High investment costs are another. But the US government is backing the sector with multi-million dollar funds to push forward advanced EGS research. Geothermal energy is set to play a big part in the low-carbon electricity future.
8．What is the significance of EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies
A．They have made geothermal energy less sustainable.
B．They have greatly reduced the need for drilling in geothermal sites.
C．They allow for more efficient use of geothermal resources.
D．They have opened up new methods of generating electricity from water.
9．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Power plants are not affected by water.
B．Hot water is used to power a turbine directly.
C．Binary cycle plants are less restricted to sites.
D．A flash steam technique is a must in geothermal plants.
10．What does the author think of geothermal power
A．Perfect. B．limited . C．impractical. D．promising.
11．What is the main idea of the article
A．Businesses have been competing to gain an advantage in geothermal power.
B．Geothermal power is likely to be a great chance to sustainable power.
C．Traditional power has been replaced by geothermal power in America.
D．EGS technologies have come into widespread application around the world.
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地热发电的概念、工作原理、应用实例以及优缺点。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies will open up many more sites for geothermal energy. “You can effectively put a power plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, director of the Geothermal Resources Council. “All you have to do is drill deep enough and you will find hot rock.”(增强型地热系统(EGS)技术将为地热能源开辟更多的场所。“你可以在任何地方建立发电厂，”地热资源委员会主任Will Pettit说。“你所要做的就是钻得足够深，你就会找到热岩石。”)”可知，EGS技术能够开辟更多的地热能源场地，使得人们可以在更多地方建立发电厂。因此，EGS技术的意义在于它们使得地热资源的利用更加高效。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the growth technology because they can operate at lower water temperatures and more diverse geographical locations. They use moderately hot water to heat a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point—as low as 135F—to drive turbines.(双元循环发电厂是增长的技术，因为它们可以在更低的水温和更多不同的地理位置运行。它们使用温度适中的热水加热沸点较低的二次流体——低至135华氏度——以驱动涡轮机。)”可知，双元循环发电厂是增长的技术，它们可以在更低的水温和更多不同的地理位置运行。由此可知，双元循环发电厂对地点的限制较少。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earth’s surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation, that is set to at least triple by 2050.(地热发电是我们最稳定的可再生能源之一。地球表面以下产生的热量可以为家庭提供几乎无限的电力和供暖。虽然地热发电只占全球发电量的1%左右，但到2050年，这一比例将至少增加两倍。)”以及全文内容可知，文章强调了地热发电作为最稳定的可再生能源之一的重要性，并提到了地热发电在全球发电量的占比预计将在未来有所增加。由此可知，作者认为地热是有前途的。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earth’s surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation, that is set to at least triple by 2050.(地热发电是我们最稳定的可再生能源之一。地球表面以下产生的热量可以为家庭提供几乎无限的电力和供暖。虽然地热发电只占全球发电量的1%左右，但到2050年，这一比例将至少增加两倍。)”以及最后一段“But the US government is backing the sector with multi-million dollar funds to push forward advanced EGS research. Geothermal energy is set to play a big part in the low-carbon electricity future. (但美国政府正以数百万美元的资金支持该行业，以推动先进的EGS研究。地热能将在未来的低碳电力中扮演重要角色。)”可知，文章主要介绍了地热发电作为一种可持续能源的重要性、工作原理、应用实例、优缺点以及未来的发展前景。从文章的描述中，我们可以看到地热发电作为一种稳定且几乎无限的可再生能源，为电力和家庭供暖提供了丰富的能源供应。尽管目前地热电力在全球发电量的占比还较小，但预计未来这一比例将会有所增加。因此，文章的主要思想是地热发电有可能成为可持续能源的一个重要机遇。故选B项。
D
（2024·河北张家口·三模）Pickleball, which combines elements of badminton, Ping-Pang, and tennis, has two characteristics that make it a good choice for older adults. It’s slower than other racket (球拍) sports, and it’s easier to learn.
With a play area about a quarter the size of a tennis court and a plastic ball that doesn’t bounce as high or as fast as a tennis ball, you don’t have to run as much or as quickly. The bats are lighter and shorter than tennis rackets, making them easier to swing and control. There are fewer rules than tennis.
Plus, pickleball is more social than many types of exercise and it’s fun. In one study, participants rated pickleball 150 percent higher for enjoyment than walking. “People are finding it’s not boring,” says Cedric Bryant, PhD, chief science officer at the American Council on Exercise, who has played pickleball for more than 20 years. “It’s not something they’re doing just because they should, but because they enjoy it and want to do it.”
Pickleball is an effective workout, and like walking, you can adjust the intensity to your preferences. A friendly doubles match can qualify as proper exercise. A competitive singles match is likely to be tighter.
And pickleball offers plenty of health pluses. After six weeks of playing an hour of pickleball three times a week, older adults improved their cardiorespiratory (心肺的) fitness and blood pressure, according to a study published in 2018 in the International Journal of Research in Exercise Physiology. Another study found that the activity may keep you mentally sharp. “You’re making a lot of quick decisions while engaged in a physical task,” says study author David Bolton, PhD, assistant professor at Utah State University in Logan. “It is effectively training cognitive (认知的) ability.”
But it is not without risks of getting injured. Don’t just hit the court and go right into having a game. A warm-up is the best defense against injury, so take at least 5 minutes to prepare your body.
12．What is one of the reasons for the popularity of pickleball among older adults
A．Its slow pace. B．Its great intensity.
C．Its complex rules. D．Its cheap equipment.
13．What does Cedric Bryant mainly want to tell us about pickleball
A．It is demanding. B．It is enjoyable.
C．It is beneficial. D．It is practical.
14．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A．Making quick decisions.
B．Training cognitive ability.
C．Brain activity during physical exercise.
D．The proper frequency to play pickleball.
15．What might the author talk about next
A．Pre-workout preparations. B．The rules of this exercise.
C．Comments on this game. D．Disadvantages of pickleball.
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种名为匹克球的运动，它结合了羽毛球、乒乓球和网球的元素，对于老年人来说是一个很好的选择，因为它的节奏较慢，更容易学习，而且可以根据个人的喜好调整运动的强度。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s slower than other racket (球拍) sports, and it’s easier to learn. (它比其他球拍运动要慢，而且更容易学)”可知，匹克球的节奏较慢，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Cedric Bryant所说的话“People are finding it’s not boring (人们发现这项运动并不无聊)”和“It’s not something they’re doing just because they should, but because they enjoy it and want to do it. (他们这么做不是因为他们应该这么做，而是因为他们喜欢并想要这么做)”可知，Cedric Bryant主要想告诉我们Pickleball是一项有趣的运动，故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“You’re making a lot of quick decisions while engaged in a physical task (你在进行体育活动时需要做出很多快速的决定)”和“It is effectively training cognitive (认知的) ability. (这有效地训练了认知能力)”可推知，“It”指的是在体育活动中的大脑活动，故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But it is not without risks of getting injured. Don’t just hit the court and go right into having a game. A warm-up is the best defense against injury, so take at least 5 minutes to prepare your body. (但这并不意味着没有受伤的风险。不要只是上场就开始比赛。热身是防止受伤的最好防御，所以至少要花5分钟来准备你的身体。)”可推知，作者接下来可能会谈论运动前的准备工作，故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）A lot of people assume the more work they put in at the gym, and the longer and harder they push themselves, the better their results will be. 16 But if you want to get the best gains, the key is to focus on the quality of the work rather than the quantity.
Your body is capable of making only tiny adaptations and improvements at any one time. Once you've given it enough push to make these changes, any additional work you do after that point won't be making you any better. 17 This is because you'll need longer to recover afterwards. Besides, you won't feel fresh when you start your next session. Ideally, it's just enough to do the smallest amount of work required to promote growth in every workout. 18 Thus the minimum amount of exercise brings the maximum physical gains.
19 For example, if a new gym-goer wants to get stronger, he might start a squat (深蹲) workout, which is made up of ten steps, each having five repetitions. In theory, it's a sensible way for building strength. If he's only attempted three steps in his previous exercise, it's far from enough. The fourth step would push him past his previous limit and force adaptation. But the subsequent steps are meant for more professional people. 20
As a general rule, regardless of your experience, aim to only increase the volume of any exercise by one step from workout to workout.
A．It seems logical.
B．Instead, it'll harm your progress.
C．It's natural that you may want to keep fit.
D．After that, you can stop exercising during the day.
E．Only in this way can you enjoy the benefit of exercise.
F．They would just increase the chance of injury for beginners.
G．How much exercise you need to do depends on your current fitness level.
【答案】16．A 17．B 18．D 19．G 20．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们在锻炼的时候不能贪多，需要量力而行，逐步前进。
16．根据上文“A lot of people assume the more work they put in at the gym, and the longer and harder they push themselves, the better their results will be. (很多人认为他们在健身房投入的工作量越多，时间越长、努力越强，他们的成绩就会越好)”以及下文“But if you want to get the best gains, the key is to focus on the quality of the work rather than the quantity. (但如果你想获得最好的收获，关键是要关注工作的质量，而不是数量) ”可知，人们普遍认为锻炼的时间越长、越刻苦，收益就越大；但是实际上，锻炼时应该更关注锻炼的质量而非锻炼的时长。空处应承上启下，将上下文衔接起来。A项“It seems logical. (这似乎合乎逻辑)”中的It指代上文 the more work they put in at the gym, and the longer and harder they push themselves, the better their results will be这件事。故选A项。
17．根据上文“Once you've given it enough push to make these changes, any additional work you do after that point won't be making you any better. (一旦你给了它足够的动力来做出这些改变，在那之后你所做的任何额外工作都不会让你变得更好)” 以及下文“This is because you'll need longer to recover afterwards. (这是因为你需要更长的时间来恢复) ”可知，空格处应与上下文语义一致，介绍过度锻炼的坏处。B项“Instead, it'll harm your progress. (相反，这会损害你的进步)”承上启下，符合语境，故选B项。
18．根据上文“Ideally, it's just enough to do the smallest amount of work required to promote growth in every workout. (理想情况下，在每次锻炼中只需做促进成长所需的最小工作量就足够了)”可知，空格处应承接上文，进一步说明健身时，在完成最低训练量后应该停止训练，这样才能得到最大的收益。D项“After that, you can stop exercising during the day. (之后，你可以停止白天的运动)”承上启下，符合语境，故选D项。
19．根据下文的例子“For example, if a new gym-goer wants to get stronger, he might start a squat (深蹲) workout, which is made up of ten steps, each having five repetitions. (例如，如果一个新来健身房的人想变得更强壮，他可能会开始深蹲锻炼，由十个步骤组成，每个步骤重复五次)”可知，本段主要说明了每次锻炼的运动量如何确定。G项“How much exercise you need to do depends on your current fitness level. (你需要做多少运动取决于你目前的体能水平)”与本段内容相呼应，符合语境，故选G项。
20．根据上文“But the subsequent steps are meant for more professional people. (但接下来的步骤是为更专业的人准备的)”可知，后面的训练步骤是更专业的人需要做的，空处应承接上文，解释后续较难的步骤对初学者来说会有危险。F项“They would just increase the chance of injury for beginners. (它们只会增加初学者受伤的机会)”符合语境，故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·重庆·一模）I was never a fan of football, or any sports for that matter. At primary school, my classmates spent lunch break 21 on the playground, while I was in the library getting pleasure from 22 . In Games lessons, to fit in, I 23 to be interested.
As I got older, I 24 trying to fake (假装) it. Instead, I showed off my dislike for football as a sign of 25 “It’s only a silly game!” I’d tell Dad, as he 26 me to watch a match.
But, sometimes I’d find myself 27 an opener like, “Cor, a terrible season we’re having, eh ”, or 28 , “Who do you support ”, and feel my heart sink, knowing my reply would surely 29 .
And then I became a dad, and I didn’t want my boy Harvey to 30 this desirable social skill. So I bought him 31 to watch our local team, Boreham Wood. And, because he kept asking me what was going on, I stayed relatively 32 on the game.
Almost without noticing, my 33 of support when “The Wood” scored a goal were actually real, as were my sighs when “we” missed a penalty kick (罚球).
Harvey was 34 , and we’ve since returned to Meadow Park five times, each time feeling a 35 connection with the team’s supporter community.
21．A．walking B．running C．talking D．working
22．A．exercise B．travel C．books D．movies
23．A．pretended B．learned C．proved D．happened
24．A．avoided B．continued C．began D．stopped
25．A．respect B．satisfaction C．pride D．weakness
26．A．urged B．persuaded C．addressed D．allowed
27．A．using B．facing C．completing D．starting
28．A．eventually B．gradually C．obviously D．simply
29．A．come B．change C．delight D．disappoint
30．A．lack B．show C．adopt D．develop
31．A．drinks B．tickets C．shoes D．clothes
32．A．cheated B．impressed C．focused D．motivated
33．A．sighs B．cheers C．views D．chances
34．A．employed B．stimulated C．encouraged D．attracted
35．A．stronger B．weaker C．clearer D．quicker
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者由不喜欢足球到爱上足球的转变过程。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在小学，我的同学午休时间在操场上跑的时候，而我在图书馆从书中获得乐趣。A. walking走路；B. running跑；C. talking说话；D. working工作。根据前文的“I was never a fan of football, or any sports for that matter. At primary school, my classmates spent lunch break”可知，“我”从来不喜欢足球，所以上小学的时候，同学午休时间在操场上跑着踢球或做其它运动的时候，而“我”在图书馆看书。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在小学，我的同学利用午休时间在操场上跑步，而我在图书馆从书中获得乐趣。A. exercise练习；B. travel旅行；C. books书籍；D. movies电影。根据前文的“I was in the library getting pleasure from”可知，在图书馆读书，所以从书中获得乐趣。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在体育课上，为了融入，我假装很感兴趣。A. pretended假装；B. learned学习；C. proved证明；D. happened发生。根据前文的“I was never a fan of football, or any sports for that matter.”和“to fit in”可知，“我”从来不喜欢足球，也不喜欢任何体育运动，但是为了融入，“我”假装很感兴趣。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我停止试图假装这件事。A. avoided避开；B. continued继续；C. began开始；D. stopped停止。根据后文的“Instead, I showed off my dislike for football”可知，“我”展示了“我”对足球的厌恶，可见“我”停止试图假装喜欢足球。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我炫耀我对足球的厌恶，以此作为骄傲的标志。A. respect尊重；B. satisfaction满意；C. pride骄傲；D. weakness弱点。根据后文的““It’s only a silly game!” I’d tell Dad, as he 6 me to watch a match.”可知，当爸爸催促“我”去看比赛时，“我”告诉他“这只是一个愚蠢的游戏！”，可以看出“我”把对足球的厌恶，当作骄傲的标志。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当爸爸催促我去看比赛时，我告诉他。A. urged催促；B. persuaded说服；C. addressed演讲；D. allowed允许。根据前文的““It’s only a silly game!” I’d tell Dad”和后文“me to watch a match.”可知，当爸爸催促“我”去看比赛时，“我”告诉他这只是一个愚蠢的游戏，拒绝去看比赛。故选A项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，有时候我会面对这样的开场:“唉，我们正经历着一个糟糕的赛季，是吧？”，或者简单地说，“你支持谁？”，我知道我的回答肯定会让人失望，于是我的心沉了下去。A. using使用；B. facing面对；C. completing完成；D. starting启动。根据后文的“an opener like, “Cor, a terrible season we’re having, eh ””可知，这是别人和我聊天的时候关于足球的开场白，这种情况是“我”所面对的。故选B项。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，有时候我会面对这样的开场:“唉，我们正经历着一个糟糕的赛季，是吧？”，或者简单地说，“你支持谁？”，我知道我的回答肯定会让人失望，于是我的心沉了下去。A. eventually最终；B. gradually逐渐；C. obviously明显地；D. simply简单地。根据前文的“an opener like, “Cor, a terrible season we’re having, eh ””和后文的““Who do you support ””可知，这是别人和我聊天的时候关于足球的开场白，后文的开场白句子很简单，所以用simply。故选D项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，有时候我会面对这样的开场:“唉，我们正经历着一个糟糕的赛季，是吧？”，或者简单地说，“你支持谁？”，我知道我的回答肯定会让人失望，于是我的心沉了下去。A. come来；B. change改变；C. delight使高兴；D. disappoint使失望。根据前文的“feel my heart sink”可知，我的心沉了下去，说明我的回答会让人失望。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我当了爸爸，我不想让我的儿子哈维缺乏这种令人向往的社交技能。A. lack缺少；B. show显示；C. adopt采用；D. develop发展。根据前文的“feel my heart sink, knowing my reply would surely 9 ”和后文“So I bought him 11 to watch our local team, Boreham Wood.”可知，“我”给他买了“我们”当地球队伯勒姆伍德队的球票，是因为“我”不想让我的儿子哈维缺乏这种令人向往的社交技能。故选A项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我给他买了看我们当地球队伯勒姆伍德队的门票。A. drinks饮料；B. tickets门票；C. shoes鞋；D. clothes衣服。根据后文的“to watch our local team, Boreham Wood”可知，买的是看球赛的门票。故选B项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他一直在问我发生了什么事，所以我一直专注于比赛。A. cheated欺骗；B. impressed给……留下深刻印象；C. focused专注于；D. motivated激励。根据前文的“because he kept asking me what was going on”和后文“Almost without noticing, my 13 of support when “The Wood” scored a goal were actually real, as were my sighs when “we” missed a penalty kick (罚球).”可知，因为儿子一直在问“我”发生了什么事，所以“我”一直专注于比赛，甚至都没注意到自己真的开始喜欢球赛。故选C项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几乎没有注意到，当“The Wood”进球时，我的欢呼声是真实的，当“我们”罚丢点球时，我的叹息也是真实的。A. sighs叹气；B. cheers欢呼；C. views看法；D. chances机会。根据前文的“to watch our local team, Boreham Wood”和后文的“when “The Wood” scored a goal”可知，“我”买票看Boreham Wood的比赛，所以当“The Wood”进球时，我的欢呼。故选B项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈维被吸引了，我们已经五次回到Meadow Park，每一次都感觉与球队支持者群体的联系更紧密了。A. employed雇用；B. stimulated刺激；C. encouraged鼓励；D. attracted吸引。根据前文的“Harvey was”和后文“we’ve since returned to Meadow Park five times, each time feeling a 15 connection with the team’s supporter community.”可知，“我们”已经五次回到Meadow Park，每一次都感觉与球队支持者群体的联系更紧密了，可以看出儿子被球赛吸引。故选D项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈维被吸引了，我们已经五次回到Meadow Park，每一次都感觉与球队支持者群体的联系更紧密了。A. stronger更强；B. weaker较弱的；C. clearer更清晰的；D. quicker更快的。根据前文的“Almost without noticing, my 13 of support when “The Wood” scored a goal were actually real, as were my sighs when “we” missed a penalty kick (罚球).”、“we’ve since returned to Meadow Park five times”和后文“we’ve since returned to Meadow Park five times”可知，“我”和儿子喜欢上了足球，感觉与球队支持者群体的联系更紧密了。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·山东·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shuttlecock (毽子) kicking is a traditional popular folk game, 36 (date) as far back as the Han Dynasty.The fun game gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, when 37 (store) specializing in the shuttlecock business appeared. In the Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock kicking reached its peak in terms of both making techniques and kicking skills.
To make a feather shuttlecock, a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin 38 (need). Through the coin hole you can stick some feathers, 39 function is to delay the rising and falling of the shuttlecock.
There 40 (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of 41 other. Some other styles include kicking the shuttlecock backwards and forwards between two people. Those who advance to a high level of mastery can perform some actions that are 42 (fair) wonderful. The challenge of the increasingly difficult levels of shuttlecock kicking has made it a popular and timeless game among Chinese children.
Playing with shuttlecocks is 43 (benefit) to health. When people are kicking shuttlecocks, various parts of the body need to work together, which enhances balance capabilities and physical flexibility and helps them strengthen their legs. Besides, shuttlecock kicking is convenient 44 (play). It can be practiced just about anywhere and anytime.
Since the establishment of the Chinese Shuttlecock Kicking Association in 1987, the national shuttlecock kicking tournament has been held annually, appealing 45 people of all ages.
【答案】36．dating 37．stores 38．is needed 39．whose 40．are 41．the 42．fairly 43．beneficial 44．to play 45．to
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了踢毽子是一项传统的民间运动，以及它的起源和发展。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：踢毽子是一项传统的民间运动，可以追溯到汉代。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，date和逻辑主语Shuttlecock kicking为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填dating。
37．考查名词复数形式。句意：这种有趣的游戏在唐代开始流行，当时专门从事毽子生意的商店出现了。store为可数名词，意为“商店”，结合句意可知，此处应为名词复数形式。故填stores。
38．考查动词时态和语态。句意：要制作羽绒毽子，需要用一块布包裹一枚硬币。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin和动词need为被动关系，结合句意可知，该句为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时。故填is needed。
39．考查定语从句。句意：通过硬币孔可以插入一些羽毛，其作用是延缓毽子的起落。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词some feathers在从句中作function的定语成分。故填whose。
40．考查主谓一致。句意：踢腿的风格和方法有很多变化。分析句子可知，该句为There be句型，其谓语动词遵循主谓一致的就近原则，主语a great number of variations为复数意义名词，所以为动词复数形式，讲述事实用一般现在时。故填are。
41．考查冠词。句意：一只脚固定在地面上，用另一只脚的内侧脚踝踢毽子。分析句子可知，此处为冠词the，构成the other，特指“另一只脚”，所以此处为定冠词the的填入。故填the。
42．考查副词。句意：那些提升到精通水平的人可以做一些相当精彩的动作。由副词修饰形容词可知，此处为副词fairly作状语修饰形容词wonderful，满足句意要求。故填fairly。
43．考查动词短语。句意：踢毽子有益于健康。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be beneficial to“对……有益”，满足句意要求。故填beneficial。
44．考查动词不定式。句意：此外，踢毽子也很方便。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be adj+ to do“做某事是怎样的”，所以此处为动词不定式形式作状语。故填to play。
45．考查介词。句意：自1987年中国踢毽球协会成立以来，每年都举办全国踢毽球比赛，吸引了各个年龄段的人们。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语appeal to“吸引”，满足句意要求，所以此处为介词to的填入。故填to。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·湖北·三模）假定你是李华，给你班交换生Frank发邮件，想邀请Frank一起晨跑。请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 表明来意；
2. 晨跑的重要性；
3. 注意事项。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
Dear Frank,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Frank,
How are you doing I’m writing to invite you to go for a morning run with me, which may benefit both of us in an amazing way.
When I was in junior high school, I often got sick due to lack of exercise. So I picked up running in the morning. Since then, running has played an important role in my life, without which I wouldn’t have built strong body. I think it is a good way to keep fit. That’s why I want to invite you to join me. Before running, it is necessary to have some preparation exercises, such as pressing legs and swinging arms. What’s more, make sure appropriate shoes and clothing are worn.
I hope you can join me in exercising. Looking forward to your early reply.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生按照提示给交换生Frank发邮件，邀请Frank一起晨跑。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要的：important→significant
健康的：fit→healthy
必要的：necessary→essential
另外：what’s more→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Before running, it is necessary to have some preparation exercises, such as pressing legs and swinging arms.
拓展句：Before running, it is necessary that we have some preparation exercises, such as pressing legs and swinging arms.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing to invite you to go for a morning run with me, which may benefit both of us in an amazing way. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Since then, running has played an important role in my life, without which I wouldn’t have built strong body. (运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
（23-24高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Thomas and John have a lot in common. They are both talented high school seniors. They both love basketball. They are both captains of their respective high school basketball teams. But on one Saturday night in February, they were forever linked in the minds of all who were present for a mutual act of courage, sportsmanship(体育精神)and respect.
The remarkable moment came during a game between Thomas's small town Illinois team and John's big city team in Wisconsin—a game that almost wasn't played. Just days before the game, John's mother lost her five-year battle with cancer. Her death was sudden and painful for all who knew her.
John's coach wanted to cancel the game, but John insisted that the game should be played. So with heavy hearts, his teammates prepared to honor their captain's wishes and play without him.
What they weren't prepared for was John's appearance in the gym mid-way through the first half. As soon as the coach saw John, he called a time out, and players and fans surrounded the young man to offer love and support.
The coach asked him if he wanted to sit on the bench with the team. “No,” John said. “I want to play.” Of course his team was excited to have him. But because John wasn't on the pre-game roster(候选名单), putting him in the game at that point would result in a technical foul(犯规)and two free throws for the opposing team.
However, John's coach agreed with that. He could see that this was the teenager's way of coping with his loss. He thought the points didn't matter. The opposing team understood the situation and told the referees to let John play and forget the technical foul. The referees argued that a rule is a rule, and the free throws would have to be taken before the game could proceed. For possibly the first time in basketball history, referees had to force a team to accept and take the technical free throws.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As team captain, Thomas volunteered to take the free throws.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John and his teammates stood and applauded the gesture of sportsmanship.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As team captain, Thomas volunteered to take the free throws. One would have expected he was looking for an opportunity to keep his team close in the hard-fought game. Or one could even assume he wanted a chance to add a couple of points to his personal statistics. In either case, one would be wrong. Thomas though he must do something special to comfort John. So he took the ball from the referees, looked at the basket and shot the ball calmly. Surprisingly, Thomas shot lightly on purpose, and he missed the chance to score.
John and his teammates stood and applauded the gesture of sportsmanship. So did all of the fans. Thomas said loudly, “I did it for the guy who lost his mom. It was the right thing to do.” When the two teams met after the game, nobody on either side was too concerned about wins or losses. “This is something our kids will hold for a lifetime,” Thomas's coach said. “They may not remember the statistics 20 years from now, but they'll remember what happened in the gym that night.”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了托马斯和约翰是两位才华横溢的篮球队的队长。在双方就要进行比赛时约翰的母亲去世，不在比赛队员之列。但是约翰依然参加比赛这给了对方罚球机会。托马斯主动要求罚球故意不投中篮球，用这种特殊的方式来安慰约翰，体现了绝佳的勇气、体育精神和尊重。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“作为队长，托马斯主动要求罚球。”可知，第一段可描写人们对托马斯主动要求罚球的看法以及真正原因。
②由第二段首句内容“约翰和他的队友们站起来，为表现运动员精神的举动鼓掌。”可知，第二段可描写观众对于托马斯故意没投中球的反应，彰显了永恒的体育精神。
2.续写线索：篮球比赛前约翰母亲去世——约翰坚持参加比赛——对方获得罚球机会——对方故意不投中球——赞美体育精神
3.词汇激活
行为类
①添加：add/increase
②安慰：comfort/ease
③关心：be concerned about/care about
情绪类
①平静地：calmly/peaceably
②令人惊讶地：surprisingly/amazingly
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. So did all of the fans. （使用了部分倒装句）
[高分句型2]. I did it for the guy who lost his mom.（由关系代词who引导限制性定语从句）必修一 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）CAMP REGISTRATION NOW OPEN!
For more information on the guidelines we will be taking to help ensure the safety and health of our campers and staff this summer, click here!
Our Tennis Camps Are the Best Around
We currently offer our adidas Tennis Camps in 19 states, and at every single one we put an emphasis on creating a positive atmosphere for children aged 8 to 18 to receive tennis training from the experts. It doesn’t matter what skill level your child is currently at, they will be able to receive tennis lessons designed just for them, ensuring they leave our tennis camp a better player than when they arrived.
What Your Child Will Learn at Our Tennis Clinics
Whether your child attends our overnight tennis camp or our day tennis camp, they will learn everything they need to excel on the court. A few of our tennis training focuses are:
·Being a good sport ·Perfecting the serve
·Improving form ·Playing with integrity
·Setting goals ·Preparing mentally
What Can Be Expected at Our Summer Tennis Camps
Once there, each player will be evaluated so they can receive the proper tennis lessons for their experience level. After that, the fun will begin. They will receive both individual and team instruction, play exhibition tennis matches, and even win prizes. After the instruction part of the day is over, your child will spend the night in the dorms so they can get a good night’s sleep to prepare for the next day. Of course, all meals will be provided and your child will even receive an adidas Tennis Camp T-shirt to take home with them. If you want your child to improve their tennis skills by learning from the experts, there is no better place to send them than to one of our adidas Tennis Camps.
1．What can be guaranteed after the campers end the adidas Tennis Camp
A．They will get medical insurance for free.
B．They can play tennis better than when they arrived.
C．They will receive tennis lessons designed by stars.
D．They have the opportunity to choose their instructors.
2．What can the campers do at the Summer Tennis Camps
A．Spend the night playing. B．Compete for pr zes.
C．Only receive individual tennis lessons. D．Buy an adidas Tennis Camps T-shirt.
3．What is the text
A．A piece of news. B．A guidebook.
C．An advertisement. D．An abstract of instructions.
B
（2024·辽宁锦州·一模）Defeating Daniil Medvedev in New York on Sunday, Djokovic, one of the greatest tennis player, bagging 24 Grand Slam (大满贯) singles titles, equalized the record held by Australian Margaret Court, the same number of singles titles in the all-time count.
With the victory, Djokovic became the oldest US Open men’s singles champion in the Open Era. In total, he has 10 Australian Opens, seven Wimbledons, four US Opens and three Roland Garros titles, making him the only man to win all four majors at least three times. “When I realized that, I started to dream new dreams and set new goals. I never imagined that I would be here talking about 24 Slams,” he said afterwards.
Djokovic reached all finals in the Grand Slams in 2023, and the only loss was at Wimbledon, when Carlos Alcaraz of Spain, 20, brought home the champion after an intense battle lasting four hours and 43 minutes.
Djokovic, at 36, shows few signs of losing physical edge. He stays healthy, keeps exceptional skills and always desires to win more. Capturing his first Grand Slam in 2008, Djokovic bagged half of his 24 major titles after he turned 30.
“One of the biggest lessons I have learned probably mentally throughout my career is that even if you find a formula (方案) that works, it’s not a guarantee, and actually most likely it’s not going to work the next year, so I keep reinventing myself and always trying to find better ways to win,” said Djokovic.
For Djokovic, who always gets tough when the going gets tough, 24 is just a number that he can go beyond. “I’ll continue to prioritize Grand Slams as my most important tournaments and where I want to play the best tennis. That will stay the same in the next season, or I don’t know how many more seasons I have in my legs,” he added, “So, let’s see.”
4．What does the underlined word “equalized” in the first paragraph probably mean
A．Set. B．Broke. C．Levelled. D．Approached.
5．What can we know about Djokovic according to the passage
A．He won 12 Grand Slams in his thirties.
B．He won all the finals in the Grand Slams in 2023.
C．He attached the same importance to all the matches.
D．He is the oldest men’s singles champion in the open era.
6．What seems the “secret” of Djokovic’s great achievement
A．Losing physical edge. B．Attending more Grand Slams.
C．Following a good formula. D．Finding flexible and proper strategies.
7．Which of the following can best describe Djokovic
A．Confident and emotional. B．Ambitious and devoted.
C．Aggressive and stubborn. D．Enthusiastic and generous.
C
（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earth’s surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation, that is set to at least triple by 2050.
The Geysers in California is the world’s largest geothermal electricity complex. It produces enough electricity from its 18 power plants for 725,000 homes, totaling 20 percent of the state’s renewable energy. Superheated “dry steam” is channeled from a large sandstone reservoir heated by a large magma chamber (岩浆房) more than four miles beneath the surface.
Heat is captured from its passage through the rock and the heated water converts into electricity. Cooled water is then recycled and pumped back to gather more heat. EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies will open up many more sites for geothermal energy. “You can effectively put a power plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, director of the Geothermal Resources Council. “All you have to do is drill deep enough and you will find hot rock.”
Most geothermal plants actually use a flash steam technique, where hot water (at 360F or 180C) is drawn up, passed into lower pressure tanks and flashed into steam to power a turbine (涡轮机). Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the growth technology because they can operate at lower water temperatures and more diverse geographical locations. They use moderately hot water to heat a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point—as low as 135F—to drive turbines.
Geothermal plants already emit 11 times less carbon dioxide per unit of electricity than the average US coal power plant. They can also operate 24 hours a day to provide a solid base load for homes and businesses.
There are drawbacks too. Seismic activity around drilling wells is a factor. High investment costs are another. But the US government is backing the sector with multi-million dollar funds to push forward advanced EGS research. Geothermal energy is set to play a big part in the low-carbon electricity future.
8．What is the significance of EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies
A．They have made geothermal energy less sustainable.
B．They have greatly reduced the need for drilling in geothermal sites.
C．They allow for more efficient use of geothermal resources.
D．They have opened up new methods of generating electricity from water.
9．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Power plants are not affected by water.
B．Hot water is used to power a turbine directly.
C．Binary cycle plants are less restricted to sites.
D．A flash steam technique is a must in geothermal plants.
10．What does the author think of geothermal power
A．Perfect. B．limited . C．impractical. D．promising.
11．What is the main idea of the article
A．Businesses have been competing to gain an advantage in geothermal power.
B．Geothermal power is likely to be a great chance to sustainable power.
C．Traditional power has been replaced by geothermal power in America.
D．EGS technologies have come into widespread application around the world.
D
（2024·河北张家口·三模）Pickleball, which combines elements of badminton, Ping-Pang, and tennis, has two characteristics that make it a good choice for older adults. It’s slower than other racket (球拍) sports, and it’s easier to learn.
With a play area about a quarter the size of a tennis court and a plastic ball that doesn’t bounce as high or as fast as a tennis ball, you don’t have to run as much or as quickly. The bats are lighter and shorter than tennis rackets, making them easier to swing and control. There are fewer rules than tennis.
Plus, pickleball is more social than many types of exercise and it’s fun. In one study, participants rated pickleball 150 percent higher for enjoyment than walking. “People are finding it’s not boring,” says Cedric Bryant, PhD, chief science officer at the American Council on Exercise, who has played pickleball for more than 20 years. “It’s not something they’re doing just because they should, but because they enjoy it and want to do it.”
Pickleball is an effective workout, and like walking, you can adjust the intensity to your preferences. A friendly doubles match can qualify as proper exercise. A competitive singles match is likely to be tighter.
And pickleball offers plenty of health pluses. After six weeks of playing an hour of pickleball three times a week, older adults improved their cardiorespiratory (心肺的) fitness and blood pressure, according to a study published in 2018 in the International Journal of Research in Exercise Physiology. Another study found that the activity may keep you mentally sharp. “You’re making a lot of quick decisions while engaged in a physical task,” says study author David Bolton, PhD, assistant professor at Utah State University in Logan. “It is effectively training cognitive (认知的) ability.”
But it is not without risks of getting injured. Don’t just hit the court and go right into having a game. A warm-up is the best defense against injury, so take at least 5 minutes to prepare your body.
12．What is one of the reasons for the popularity of pickleball among older adults
A．Its slow pace. B．Its great intensity.
C．Its complex rules. D．Its cheap equipment.
13．What does Cedric Bryant mainly want to tell us about pickleball
A．It is demanding. B．It is enjoyable.
C．It is beneficial. D．It is practical.
14．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A．Making quick decisions.
B．Training cognitive ability.
C．Brain activity during physical exercise.
D．The proper frequency to play pickleball.
15．What might the author talk about next
A．Pre-workout preparations. B．The rules of this exercise.
C．Comments on this game. D．Disadvantages of pickleball.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）A lot of people assume the more work they put in at the gym, and the longer and harder they push themselves, the better their results will be. 16 But if you want to get the best gains, the key is to focus on the quality of the work rather than the quantity.
Your body is capable of making only tiny adaptations and improvements at any one time. Once you've given it enough push to make these changes, any additional work you do after that point won't be making you any better. 17 This is because you'll need longer to recover afterwards. Besides, you won't feel fresh when you start your next session. Ideally, it's just enough to do the smallest amount of work required to promote growth in every workout. 18 Thus the minimum amount of exercise brings the maximum physical gains.
19 For example, if a new gym-goer wants to get stronger, he might start a squat (深蹲) workout, which is made up of ten steps, each having five repetitions. In theory, it's a sensible way for building strength. If he's only attempted three steps in his previous exercise, it's far from enough. The fourth step would push him past his previous limit and force adaptation. But the subsequent steps are meant for more professional people. 20
As a general rule, regardless of your experience, aim to only increase the volume of any exercise by one step from workout to workout.
A．It seems logical.
B．Instead, it'll harm your progress.
C．It's natural that you may want to keep fit.
D．After that, you can stop exercising during the day.
E．Only in this way can you enjoy the benefit of exercise.
F．They would just increase the chance of injury for beginners.
G．How much exercise you need to do depends on your current fitness level.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·重庆·一模）I was never a fan of football, or any sports for that matter. At primary school, my classmates spent lunch break 21 on the playground, while I was in the library getting pleasure from 22 . In Games lessons, to fit in, I 23 to be interested.
As I got older, I 24 trying to fake (假装) it. Instead, I showed off my dislike for football as a sign of 25 “It’s only a silly game!” I’d tell Dad, as he 26 me to watch a match.
But, sometimes I’d find myself 27 an opener like, “Cor, a terrible season we’re having, eh ”, or 28 , “Who do you support ”, and feel my heart sink, knowing my reply would surely 29 .
And then I became a dad, and I didn’t want my boy Harvey to 30 this desirable social skill. So I bought him 31 to watch our local team, Boreham Wood. And, because he kept asking me what was going on, I stayed relatively 32 on the game.
Almost without noticing, my 33 of support when “The Wood” scored a goal were actually real, as were my sighs when “we” missed a penalty kick (罚球).
Harvey was 34 , and we’ve since returned to Meadow Park five times, each time feeling a 35 connection with the team’s supporter community.
21．A．walking B．running C．talking D．working
22．A．exercise B．travel C．books D．movies
23．A．pretended B．learned C．proved D．happened
24．A．avoided B．continued C．began D．stopped
25．A．respect B．satisfaction C．pride D．weakness
26．A．urged B．persuaded C．addressed D．allowed
27．A．using B．facing C．completing D．starting
28．A．eventually B．gradually C．obviously D．simply
29．A．come B．change C．delight D．disappoint
30．A．lack B．show C．adopt D．develop
31．A．drinks B．tickets C．shoes D．clothes
32．A．cheated B．impressed C．focused D．motivated
33．A．sighs B．cheers C．views D．chances
34．A．employed B．stimulated C．encouraged D．attracted
35．A．stronger B．weaker C．clearer D．quicker
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·山东·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shuttlecock (毽子) kicking is a traditional popular folk game, 36 (date) as far back as the Han Dynasty.The fun game gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, when 37 (store) specializing in the shuttlecock business appeared. In the Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock kicking reached its peak in terms of both making techniques and kicking skills.
To make a feather shuttlecock, a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin 38 (need). Through the coin hole you can stick some feathers, 39 function is to delay the rising and falling of the shuttlecock.
There 40 (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of 41 other. Some other styles include kicking the shuttlecock backwards and forwards between two people. Those who advance to a high level of mastery can perform some actions that are 42 (fair) wonderful. The challenge of the increasingly difficult levels of shuttlecock kicking has made it a popular and timeless game among Chinese children.
Playing with shuttlecocks is 43 (benefit) to health. When people are kicking shuttlecocks, various parts of the body need to work together, which enhances balance capabilities and physical flexibility and helps them strengthen their legs. Besides, shuttlecock kicking is convenient 44 (play). It can be practiced just about anywhere and anytime.
Since the establishment of the Chinese Shuttlecock Kicking Association in 1987, the national shuttlecock kicking tournament has been held annually, appealing 45 people of all ages.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·湖北·三模）假定你是李华，给你班交换生Frank发邮件，想邀请Frank一起晨跑。请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 表明来意；
2. 晨跑的重要性；
3. 注意事项。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
Dear Frank,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
（23-24高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Thomas and John have a lot in common. They are both talented high school seniors. They both love basketball. They are both captains of their respective high school basketball teams. But on one Saturday night in February, they were forever linked in the minds of all who were present for a mutual act of courage, sportsmanship(体育精神)and respect.
The remarkable moment came during a game between Thomas's small town Illinois team and John's big city team in Wisconsin—a game that almost wasn't played. Just days before the game, John's mother lost her five-year battle with cancer. Her death was sudden and painful for all who knew her.
John's coach wanted to cancel the game, but John insisted that the game should be played. So with heavy hearts, his teammates prepared to honor their captain's wishes and play without him.
What they weren't prepared for was John's appearance in the gym mid-way through the first half. As soon as the coach saw John, he called a time out, and players and fans surrounded the young man to offer love and support.
The coach asked him if he wanted to sit on the bench with the team. “No,” John said. “I want to play.” Of course his team was excited to have him. But because John wasn't on the pre-game roster(候选名单), putting him in the game at that point would result in a technical foul(犯规)and two free throws for the opposing team.
However, John's coach agreed with that. He could see that this was the teenager's way of coping with his loss. He thought the points didn't matter. The opposing team understood the situation and told the referees to let John play and forget the technical foul. The referees argued that a rule is a rule, and the free throws would have to be taken before the game could proceed. For possibly the first time in basketball history, referees had to force a team to accept and take the technical free throws.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As team captain, Thomas volunteered to take the free throws.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John and his teammates stood and applauded the gesture of sportsmanship.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·重庆·三模）ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTS
The Opening Ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games will be bold, original and unique. On 26 July 2024, Paris 2024 will offer an Opening Ceremony that is certain to join the most memorable moments in Olympic history.
A ceremony outside a stadium
For the first time in the history of the Olympic Summer Games, the Opening Ceremony will not take place in a stadium. Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by bringing sports and the Opening Ceremony into the city, set to be held in the heart of the city along its main river: the Seine (塞纳河).
A ceremony on the river
Taking on a new look, the parade of athletes will be held on the Seine with boats for each national delegation (代表团). These boats will be equipped with cameras to allow television and online viewers to see the athletes up close. Winding their way from east to west, the 10,500 athletes will cross through the centre of Paris.
A ceremony with free admission for many spectators
Holding a ceremony open to a large audience, with no admission fee for most of its spectators, is a major first. Fans won’t need tickets to access the upper quays (码头), but those wishing to access the lower quays will need to buy tickets. Eighty giant screens and strategically placed speakers will allow everyone to enjoy the magical atmosphere of this show throughout Paris.
A ceremony designed for and by athletes
By opening with the parade of athletes, Paris 2024 is breaking with tradition. Athletes will be featured on stage during the introduction to and throughout the ceremony as part of Paris 2024’s constant aim to hold Games created for and by athletes.
1．Where will the Opening Ceremony of Paris 2024 be held
A．On the quays beside the Seine.
B．In the city center along the Seine.
C．In a stadium near the heart of Paris.
D．On the eastern and western ends of Paris.
2．What do we know about the admission fee
A．No admission fee is required.
B．Access to the lower quays is free.
C．Tickets should be bought for the upper quays.
D．Some viewers pay for watching the ceremony.
3．What is the main idea of this text
A．The history of the Olympics. B．The procedure of Paris 2024.
C．The novel points of a ceremony. D．The charging rules of a ceremony.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2024 巴黎奥运会开幕式的创新点。
1．细节理解题。根据A ceremony outside a stadium部分中“Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by bringing sports and the Opening Ceremony into the city, set to be held in the heart of the city along its main river: the Seine (塞纳河). (2024年巴黎奥运会开创了新的局面，将体育和开幕式带入城市，将在城市中心的主要河流塞纳河沿岸举行。)”可知， 2024 巴黎奥运会在城市中心、塞纳河畔举行。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三个小标题“A ceremony with free admission for many spectators (许多观众可以免费入场的仪式)”以及A ceremony with free admission for many spectators部分中“Fans won’t need tickets to access the upper quays (码头), but those wishing to access the lower quays will need to buy tickets. (球迷不需要门票进入上层码头，但那些希望进入下层码头的人将需要购买门票。)”可知， 部分观众需要支付费用观看开幕式。故选 D。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章标题“ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTS (一个仪式，几个第一)”及文章中各个小标题“A ceremony outside a stadium (体育场外的仪式)”、“A ceremony on the river (河上的仪式)”、“A ceremony with free admission for many spectators (许多观众可以免费入场的仪式)”、“A ceremony designed for and by athletes (为运动员设计的仪式)”可知，本文介绍了2024 巴黎奥运会开幕式的新颖点。故选 C。
B
（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses all summer.
Though unwilling to evacuate (撤离) from a hurricane, on September 15, my family was forced to leave our home for my grandfather’s house several miles away. We spent the early part of that evening watching the hurricane draw closer on the Weather Channel. Around nine o’clock, a loud sound shook the house, turned over the roof and carried it off. Soon came an indoor rainstorm.
Realizing the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid. The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left. We got him back inside. I had never seen him so scared. Mom finally asked him to lie down in his room.
The leak (渗漏) had progressed rapidly. It soon became a race against time to protect what to be saved. Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.
The next morning, it started to clear up. Thankfully, my family came safely through the storm, though the same could not be said for the house. Only the wooden beams (梁) remained, but inside many of the things were safe. My mom and I had worked tirelessly through the night.
It was late, but we were still unwilling to go to bed. We discussed the rebuilding of the house. Under the beautiful sky, we suggested looking after my grandfather more often in the future. After this disaster, I realized the truth that the hurricane itself was not so terrible if we loved each other.
4．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．Many residents living near the coast tend to leave the place.
B．Many residents are unwilling to prepare for hurricanes.
C．Hurricanes often strike the Florida Emerald Coast.
D．Hurricanes seldom hit the Florida Emerald Coast.
5．Why did the author’s grandfather go out into the rain and wind
A．To protect something outside. B．To see the condition of the roof.
C．To avoid the danger in the house. D．To know how serious the rain was.
6．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A．Why the author feared the storm. B．How the storm influenced the house.
C．How people helped each other in the storm. D．What the author was ready to save from the storm.
7．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean
A．The house contained many valuable things. B．The house was destroyed in the disaster.
C．The house could be easy to repair. D．The house survived the hurricane.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家度过飓风的经历，作者也在这次经历中意识到了亲情的珍贵和强大。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses all summer. (生活在佛罗里达翡翠海岸的人们认为飓风是一件很平常的事情。因此，一个家庭在整个夏天都有几个装满汽油的罐子和瓶装水，这并不罕见)”可知，人们要储存汽油罐和瓶装水是为了为飓风做好准备，可知飓风经常袭击佛罗里达翡翠海岸。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left (暴风雨已经开始了，但他还是冒着大雨和大风跑了出去，看看屋顶还剩下多少)”，可知作者的祖父冒着风雨出去是为了看看屋顶的状况。故选B。
6．段落大意题。根据第四段中“Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.(有些人可能认为有必要保存物质上的东西，但我希望保存那些有情感价值的东西，比如照片。我仍然害怕风暴，但我更害怕它带来的影响)”可知，第四段主要讲述作者准备从风暴中拯救什么。故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据前半句“Thankfully, my family came safely through the storm (谢天谢地，我的家人安全度过了风暴)”， though表示前后的对比；以及后句“Only the wooden beams(梁)remained (只剩下木梁了)”可知，第五段中带下划线的句子though the same could not be said for the house是指房子在灾难中被毁了。A. The house contained many valuable things房子里有许多贵重物品；B. The house was destroyed in the disaster房子在灾难中被毁了；C. The house could be easy to repair这所房子可能很容易修理；D. The house survived the hurricane这所房子在飓风中幸存下来。故选B。
C
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another, combining to form huge walls of water, according to NOAA．However, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys (浮标) in 158 locations around the world, researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that, until now, have not been combined into a single risk assessment,” said lead author Dion H fner. H fner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them. But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings. So H fner’s team applied another form of machine learning, which produced an equation (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single prediction, helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves,” H fner said. This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, H fner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.
8．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example. B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a comparison. D．By making an assumption.
9．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures. B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring. D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They aren’t visually available. B．They depend on too many factors.
C．They make inaccurate predictions. D．They don’t process data systematically.
11．How does H fner find the system
A．It requires more field tests. B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement. D．It has a promising future.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只免受破坏。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.(据美国国家海洋和大气管理局称，“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪，其高度至少是周围其他海浪的两倍。这些异常的海浪在世界各地每天都有发生，非常难以预测，可能会摧毁遇到它们的船只。)” 再结合下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“why and where they appear is unclear…researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’.( 它们出现的原因和地点尚不清楚。但是，利用700年来的海洋数据，包括历史记录和来自世界各地158个地点的浮标数据，研究人员现在创建了一个预测这些“巨兽”的系统。)”可知，疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，因此，研究人员创建了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.(但人工智能的方法隐藏在一个黑盒子里。这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。)”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, H fner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.( H fner补充说：“该系统可以有效地显示异常浪的迹象，并且可以更好地保护航行在世界各地的船只。船只公司可以使用该设备和该系统来预测何时何地可能出现异常海浪，以寻求替代航线。”)”可知，他认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。故选D。
D
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.
Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.
Last fall, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part of an international A．I.-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to advance earthquake prediction technologies.
Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement. “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.”
Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting, Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how A．I. might use recordings from a specific seismic site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground.
12．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．To explain a concept. B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To supply a summary. D．To provide an example.
13．What made some researchers optimistic about the earthquake forecasting
A．The recent progress in theories. B．The use of traditional methods.
C．The increasing number of earthquakes. D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What do we know from the third paragraph
A．The trial was conducted by Chinese. B．The algorithm was totally successful.
C．A．I. shows promise in earthquake prediction. D．The A．I. competition only focused on earthquakes.
15．What is the best title for the passage
A．Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D．International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.(在日本，新的一年从灾难中开始，周一，该国西部边缘的诺托半岛发生了7.5级地震。日本地下有2000多条活动断层带，使其成为世界上地震最频繁的国家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一个新话题。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.(但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”可知，人工智能的进步让一些研究人员对地震预报持乐观态度。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened.(该算法总共成功预测了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以内。与此同时，它错过了一次地震，并预测了8次从未发生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.(许多科学家一直认为地震预报是不可能的。但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”结合文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。可知，B选项“预测地震的帮手——人工智能”最符合文章标题。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·重庆·模拟预测）This summer, climate change continues to push Earth’s weather to extremes. 16 We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat, how to keep your body safe, and what to do if you suspect you or someone you’re with has heat exhaustion.
17 If you had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger, you’ll want to wait two to three hours before your hot outdoor exercise, since that fat and protein-rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive process. Should you eat after that hot run No. You can hydrate right away, but wait until you’ve cooled off to eat. That’s because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual temperature.
Protect your skin — it’s the body’s cooling system. Your skin and related tissues are incredibly designed to move warm blood away from your core to keep your vital organs cool. Any damage to your skin or the underlying tissue prevents your body from being able to air condition itself. To protect your skin, start with sunscreen. 18 .
Wear materials that will help your body breathe. 19 Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool. Avoid materials like cotton that basically keep the heat close to your body.
Hydrate before, during and after exercise. Dehydration can really happen to you. 20 Besides, keep drinking while you’re working out.
A．Don’t eat right before you head out.
B．Try more heat-friendly forms of exercise.
C．The type of suitable clothing you wear can also help you stay cool.
D．But high outside temperatures in a dry climate can also be dangerous.
E．Is a daytime run or bike ride in hot summer weather OK for our bodies
F．And consider wearing sun-protective clothing that blocks the sun, and include a hat.
G．Make sure you are drinking water at least an hour before you head out to exercise.
【答案】16．E 17．A 18．F 19．C 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些高温天气下在户外锻炼的建议。
16．根据上文“This summer, climate change continues to push Earth’s weather to extremes.(今年夏天，气候变化继续将地球的天气推向极端)”以及后文“We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat, how to keep your body safe, and what to do if you suspect you or someone you’re with has heat exhaustion.(我们邀请了一些专家来讨论在高温下运动背后的科学，如何保证你的身体安全，以及如果你怀疑你或你的伴侣患有中暑该怎么做)”可知，本句主要过渡句，引出炎热天气是否适合运动的疑问。故E选项“在炎热的夏天白天跑步或骑自行车对我们的身体好吗？”符合语境，故选E。
17．根据后文“If you had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger, you’ll want to wait two to three hours before your hot outdoor exercise, since that fat and protein-rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive process. Should you eat after that hot run No. You can hydrate right away, but wait until you’ve cooled off to eat. That’s because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual temperature.(如果你吃了一顿像芝士汉堡这样的大餐，你会想等两到三个小时再进行户外运动，因为富含脂肪和蛋白质的大餐需要更长的时间才能通过消化过程。热跑之后你应该吃东西吗？不。你可以马上补充水分，但要等到身体冷却后再吃。这是因为消化食物会延迟你的身体恢复正常体温)”可知，本段的建议是出门前不要吃太多东西。故A选项“出门前不要吃东西”符合语境，故选A。
18．根据本段主旨句“Protect your skin — it’s the body’s cooling system.(保护你的皮肤——这是身体的冷却系统)”可知，本段主要建议保护皮肤。前文“To protect your skin, start with sunscreen.(为了保护你的皮肤，从防晒霜开始)”讲述了可以使用防晒霜来保护皮肤，空处应是其他保护皮肤的方式，F项“并考虑穿宽松、轻便、能遮挡阳光的衣服。”建议穿有防晒作用的衣服，符合题意。故选F。
19．根据上文“Wear materials that will help your body breathe.(穿有助于身体呼吸的衣服)”以及后文“Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool. Avoid materials like cotton that basically keep the heat close to your body.(穿吸汗的运动服，让皮肤降温。不要穿棉质之类的衣服，因为它们能让热量接近你的身体)”可知，本段主要就穿的衣服提出了建议，C选项中clothing对应后文clothing。故C选项“选择合适的衣服也能让你保持凉爽”符合语境，故选C。
20．根据上文“Hydrate before, during and after exercise. Dehydration can really happen to you.(在运动前、运动中和运动后补充水分。脱水真的会发生在你身上)”可知，本句主要是建议补充水分。故G选项“确保你在出门锻炼前至少一个小时喝水”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·广东肇庆·二模）Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops. A terrible 21 had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 22 and destroyed. His neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 23 to offer his help.
"What a disaster, “Whitaker said.” My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel 24 and don't know what to do now.
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. “I see this not as a disaster but as an 25 ,” he said. Whitaker looked at him 26 . “How can it be ” he asked. Thomas smiled 27 , “Now you have a chance to try something new. You’ve always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 28 crops that will also fit in this soil You can diversify and therefore 29 your farm once again.”
Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push him to make his farm 30 and sustainable in a new way. “You have 31 me,” Whitaker said. He clapped Thomas on the back. “Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty. ”
And so Whitaker 32 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again. Farmers from neighboring towns were 33 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields, and they began to 34 their crops as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 35 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth.
21．A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm
22．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust
23．A．went on B．set off C．came by D．burst in
24．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless
25．A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element
26．A．as usual B．in disbelief C．on purpose D．with pride
27．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully
28．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural
29．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon
30．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious
31．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised
32．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received
33．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed
34．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe
35．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Elmer Whitaker的农场受灾后，开始多样化种植作物，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场，他的庄稼现在被泥土覆盖，被摧毁了。A. force武力；B. smoke烟雾；C. war战争；D. storm风暴，暴风雨。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”和后文的“What a disaster”可知，这是一场灾难，而且灾难过后庄被泥土覆盖，所以结合选项可知，storm意思合适。故选D项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了。A. mud泥浆；B. grass 草；C. mist雾；D. dust灰尘。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”可知，Whitaker看着泥泞的庄稼，所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。故选A项。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的邻居，一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人，过来帮忙。A. went on继续；B. set off出发；C. came by过来；D. burst in闯进。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和后文“to offer his help”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到绝望，不知道现在该怎么办。A. special特殊的；B. desperate绝望的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. tireless不知疲倦的。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥土覆盖，被摧毁了，他的全家一直靠这片田地的收成生存，所以他感到绝望。故选B项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为这不是灾难，而是机会，”他说。A. opportunity机会；B. agreement协议；C. intention意图；D. element要素。根据后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new.”可知，现在有机会尝试新事物，所以Thomas认为这不是灾难，而是机会。故选A项。
26．考查固定短语辨析。句意：Whitaker难以置信地看着他，问道:“这怎么可能？”A. as usual和往常一样；B. in disbelief难以置信；C. on purpose故意地；D. with pride骄傲地。根据后文的“How can it be ”可知，Whitaker认为这不可能，觉得难以置信。故选B项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. innocently无辜地；B. gratefully感激地；C. politely礼貌地；D. cheerfully高兴地。根据前文的“smiled”和后文“Now you have a chance to try something new”可知，Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了，所以高兴地笑着说。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. major主要的；B. traditional传统的；C. different不同的；D. natural自然的。根据后文的“You can diversify”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，即种植不同的作物。故选C项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. restore恢复；B. exchange交换；C. donate捐赠；D. abandon放弃。根据前文的“and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和后文“your farm once again”可知，Whitaker的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以此处指尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物，从而再次恢复农场。故选A项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展。A. formal正式的；B. diverse多样的；C. realistic现实主义的；D. obvious明显的。根据前文的“You can diversify”和“Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways.”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，应该使他的农场多样化。故选B项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你启发了我，”Whitaker说。A. informed通知；B. demanded需要；C. enlightened启发；D. promised许诺。根据前文的“This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way.”可知，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，认为这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展，所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是Whitaker种上了新作物，很快，农场又充满了生机。A. tasted品尝；B. planted种植；C. shared共享；D. received收到。根据后文的“new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again”可知，农场又充满了生机，所以可以看出Whitaker种上了新作物。故选B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻，他们也开始多样化种植作物。A. careful小心的；B. troubled陷入困境的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据后文的“with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields”可知，邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻。故选D项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻，他们也开始多样化种植作物。A. diversify (使)多样化；B. remove去除；C. deliver交付；D. observe看到。根据前文的“You can diversify”、“Thomas was right”和“their crops as well”可知，Whitaker种上了多种作物，邻近城镇的农民也开始多样化种植作物。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。A. manner方式；B. dream梦想；C. symbol象征；D. cause原因。根据后文的“of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth”可知，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The main structure of the Datengxia water resources management facility in Southwest China has been completed four months ahead 36 schedule, the Ministry of Water Resources said on Saturday.
The project, 37 is located in the Xijiang River, has eight power generation 38 (unit), each with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts (千瓦). It can 39 (annual) generate more than 6 billion kilowatt hours of electricity.
In cooperation with other reservoirs (水库), the project can help Wuzhou, a city with 40 population of over 2.8 million in Guangxi, deal with once-in-a-hundred-year floods. Previously, the city was only able to hold floods that occur once every 50 years. The project also enables some cities in the Pearl River Delta 41 (resist) floods that happen once every two centuries.
The ministry said the Datengxia facility will also provide strong support for rural development, offering irrigation (灌溉) water to 80,000 hectares of farmland and 42 (address) drinking water shortage for almost 1.4 million people in Guangxi.
The project has already played 43 (significance) roles in the past three years when it was put into trial operation. For example, in June last year, it helped prevent 44 store about 700 million cubic meters of floodwater when the Xijiang River 45 (hit) by a flood. In the peak, it reduced water flow by 3,500 cubic meters per second.
【答案】36．of 37．which 38．units 39．annually 40．a 41．to resist 42．addressing 43．significant 44．and 45．was hit
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，报道了大藤峡水资源管理项目的竣工及它对广西水利枢纽的影响。
36．考查介词。句意：水利部周六表示，中国西南部大藤峡水资源管理设施的主体结构已提前四个月完工。ahead of schedule意思为：提前，为固定短语。故填of。
37．考查定语从句。句意：该项目位于西江流域，共有8台发电机组，每台装机容量为20万千瓦。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为project，作从句的主语，表示事物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
38．考查名词。句意同上。unit意思为：单元，此处为与eight搭配，用名词复数形式units。故填units。
39．考查副词。句意：它每年可以产生超过60亿千瓦时的电力。空处修饰动词generate，用副词作状语。故填annually。
40．考查冠词。句意：与其他水库合作，该项目可以帮助广西梧州这个拥有280多万人口的城市应对百年一遇的洪水。a population of意思为：人口数量为，其后搭配人口数，符合题意。故填a。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目还使珠江三角洲的一些城市能够抵御每两个世纪发生一次的洪水。enable sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意思为：让某人做某事，空处缺少不定式作宾补。故填to resist。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：该部表示，大藤峡设施还将为农村发展提供强有力的支持，为8万公顷农田提供灌溉用水，并解决广西近140万人的饮用水短缺问题。分析句子结构可知，空处与offering并列，为非谓语动词，作结果状语，表示自然的结果，用现在分词表示主动。此处address意思为“解决”。故填addressing。
43．考查形容词。句意：该项目在试运行的三年中已经发挥了重要作用。空处缺少形容词作定语修饰roles，用significant。故填significant。
44．考查连词。句意：例如，去年6月，当西江遭遇洪水时，它帮助防止和储存了大约7亿立方米的洪水。prevent与store为动词的并列，为顺承关系，此处用and连接。故填and。
45．考查动词时态和语态。句意同上。when引导时间状语从句，空处缺少谓语，结合句子意思可知，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语西江和hit构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数。故填was hit。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·江西萍乡·二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程和感受。
注意：1. 写作同数应为80个左右。
2. 参考词汇：灭火器 fireextinguishers; 消防栓 fire hydrants
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students, a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully conducted in our school.
Initially, professional firefighters were invited to deliver on-site explanations and demonstrated the correct usage of fire extinguishers and fire hydrants. Then, during the drill, the moment the alarm sounded, all students covering their mouths and noses with wet towels bent down low, and promptly evacuated to a safe area in an orderly manner according to the predetermined escape route.
Through this fire drill, not only did we acquire essential fire prevention knowledge and skills but our fire safety awareness was further strengthened.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生以“Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life”为主题，为学校近期开展的消防演练活动写一篇新闻报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累
进行：conduct→carry out
展示：demonstrate→show
一……就……：the moment→instantly
获得：acquire→obtain
2.句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students, a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully conducted in our school.
拓展句：In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students, a fire drill, whose theme was “Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life”, was successfully conducted in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students, a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully conducted in our school.（运用了过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】 Then, during the drill, the moment the alarm sounded, all students covering their mouths and noses with wet towels bent down low, and promptly evacuated to a safe area in an orderly manner according to the predetermined escape route.（运用了the moment引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型3】Through this fire drill, not only did we acquire essential fire prevention knowledge and skills but our fire safety awareness was further strengthened.（运用了部分倒装）
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Samantha and Jake had always been close to nature. Growing up in a small cottage situated deep within a thriving forest, they found comfort and wonder in the beauty of the natural world. Their daily adventures included exploring the woods, listening to the birdsong, and gazing at the starry night sky. However, as the years passed, they couldn’t help but notice the gradual changes in their beloved forest.
By the time Samantha turned sixteen and Jake was thirteen, they began to witness the effects of deforestation on their wonderland. The sound of chainsaws (电锯) and the sight of fallen trees became increasingly common. The siblings were feeling extremely shocked and sad by the loss of the forest they had cherished since childhood.
One day, after a particularly disheartening walk through the decreasing woods, Samantha came across a book about environmental heroes. These individuals had devoted their lives to preserving the natural world, and their stories of resilience (恢复力) and impact lighted a spark within Samantha’s heart. She believed that if they could make a difference , so could she and Jake.
Samantha couldn’t wait to share her new-found inspiration with her brother. She rushed home , her mind filled with ideas of how they could protect their forest. When she explained her thoughts to Jake, he nodded in agreement. “Our forest is like family to us,” he said, ”We can’t just stand by and watch it disappear. “
With firm determination, Samantha and Jake decided to take action. They began by organizing tree-planting events in their community, enlisting (征募) the help of friends and neighbors. Each sapling they planted was a symbol of hope for the future of their forest.
Soon , their efforts gained favor. The local schools joined their cause, incorporating environmental education into the curriculum and the community united behind them. Samantha and Jake’s forest restoration project had become a movement that united people of all ages.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha and Jake.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery. The trees they had planted grew stronger and taller. Samantha and Jake initiated educational programs, inviting local schools and nature enthusiasts to explore the forest and learn about its fragile ecosystem. The more people understood the significance of the forest, the more they joined the cause. The local government took conservation measures, too. One sunny afternoon after several months , tears welled up in Samantha’s eyes as she turned to Jake and said, “Look at what we’ve accomplished, Jake. Our forest is thriving once again. ”
One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha a and Jake. They were invited for an interview to share their story , the challenges they faced, and their advice for young people wanting to protect the environment. “It’s the power of unity and shared love for nature that keep us going,” Samantha said during the interview, with Jake nodding in agreement beside her. Samantha and Jake had become the heroes of their forest, proving that determination and a deep bond to nature could inspire positive change, a bond worth protecting for generations to come.
【导语】本文以 Samantha 和 Jake 保护森林为线索展开，讲述了他们从小亲近自然，目睹森林遭破坏后，受环保英雄事迹启发决定行动起来，通过组织植树活动等努力让森林逐渐恢复的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容 “几个月过去了，曾经逐渐稀疏的森林开始显示出恢复的迹象。”可知，第一段可描写森林在他们的努力下逐渐恢复生机，以及他们开展的教育项目和取得的更多成果。
②由第二段首句“有一天，当地一家新闻电视台联系上了 Samantha 和 Jake。”可知，第二段可描写他们接受采访，分享经历和感悟，以及他们最终成为森林的英雄。
2.续写线索：森林恢复——开展教育活动——政府参与——接受采访——分享故事——成为英雄
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始显示：begin to show / start to display
②邀请：invite / extend an invitation
③点头同意：nod in agreement / give consent by nodding
情绪类
①感动得流泪：tears well up / be moved to tears
②爱：love/ fondness/affection
【点睛】[高分句型1] Samantha and Jake initiated educational programs, inviting local schools and nature enthusiasts to explore the forest and learn about its fragile ecosystem.（运用了现在分词短语作状语、动词不定式短语做目的状语）
[高分句型2] It’s the power of unity and shared love for nature that keep us going（运用了强调句结构）必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·重庆·三模）ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTS
The Opening Ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games will be bold, original and unique. On 26 July 2024, Paris 2024 will offer an Opening Ceremony that is certain to join the most memorable moments in Olympic history.
A ceremony outside a stadium
For the first time in the history of the Olympic Summer Games, the Opening Ceremony will not take place in a stadium. Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by bringing sports and the Opening Ceremony into the city, set to be held in the heart of the city along its main river: the Seine (塞纳河).
A ceremony on the river
Taking on a new look, the parade of athletes will be held on the Seine with boats for each national delegation (代表团). These boats will be equipped with cameras to allow television and online viewers to see the athletes up close. Winding their way from east to west, the 10,500 athletes will cross through the centre of Paris.
A ceremony with free admission for many spectators
Holding a ceremony open to a large audience, with no admission fee for most of its spectators, is a major first. Fans won’t need tickets to access the upper quays (码头), but those wishing to access the lower quays will need to buy tickets. Eighty giant screens and strategically placed speakers will allow everyone to enjoy the magical atmosphere of this show throughout Paris.
A ceremony designed for and by athletes
By opening with the parade of athletes, Paris 2024 is breaking with tradition. Athletes will be featured on stage during the introduction to and throughout the ceremony as part of Paris 2024’s constant aim to hold Games created for and by athletes.
1．Where will the Opening Ceremony of Paris 2024 be held
A．On the quays beside the Seine.
B．In the city center along the Seine.
C．In a stadium near the heart of Paris.
D．On the eastern and western ends of Paris.
2．What do we know about the admission fee
A．No admission fee is required.
B．Access to the lower quays is free.
C．Tickets should be bought for the upper quays.
D．Some viewers pay for watching the ceremony.
3．What is the main idea of this text
A．The history of the Olympics. B．The procedure of Paris 2024.
C．The novel points of a ceremony. D．The charging rules of a ceremony.
B
（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses all summer.
Though unwilling to evacuate (撤离) from a hurricane, on September 15, my family was forced to leave our home for my grandfather’s house several miles away. We spent the early part of that evening watching the hurricane draw closer on the Weather Channel. Around nine o’clock, a loud sound shook the house, turned over the roof and carried it off. Soon came an indoor rainstorm.
Realizing the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid. The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left. We got him back inside. I had never seen him so scared. Mom finally asked him to lie down in his room.
The leak (渗漏) had progressed rapidly. It soon became a race against time to protect what to be saved. Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.
The next morning, it started to clear up. Thankfully, my family came safely through the storm, though the same could not be said for the house. Only the wooden beams (梁) remained, but inside many of the things were safe. My mom and I had worked tirelessly through the night.
It was late, but we were still unwilling to go to bed. We discussed the rebuilding of the house. Under the beautiful sky, we suggested looking after my grandfather more often in the future. After this disaster, I realized the truth that the hurricane itself was not so terrible if we loved each other.
4．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．Many residents living near the coast tend to leave the place.
B．Many residents are unwilling to prepare for hurricanes.
C．Hurricanes often strike the Florida Emerald Coast.
D．Hurricanes seldom hit the Florida Emerald Coast.
5．Why did the author’s grandfather go out into the rain and wind
A．To protect something outside. B．To see the condition of the roof.
C．To avoid the danger in the house. D．To know how serious the rain was.
6．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A．Why the author feared the storm. B．How the storm influenced the house.
C．How people helped each other in the storm. D．What the author was ready to save from the storm.
7．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean
A．The house contained many valuable things. B．The house was destroyed in the disaster.
C．The house could be easy to repair. D．The house survived the hurricane.
C
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another, combining to form huge walls of water, according to NOAA．However, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys (浮标) in 158 locations around the world, researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that, until now, have not been combined into a single risk assessment,” said lead author Dion H fner. H fner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them. But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings. So H fner’s team applied another form of machine learning, which produced an equation (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single prediction, helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves,” H fner said. This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, H fner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.
8．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example. B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a comparison. D．By making an assumption.
9．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures. B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring. D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They aren’t visually available. B．They depend on too many factors.
C．They make inaccurate predictions. D．They don’t process data systematically.
11．How does H fner find the system
A．It requires more field tests. B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement. D．It has a promising future.
D
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.
Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.
Last fall, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part of an international A．I.-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to advance earthquake prediction technologies.
Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement. “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.”
Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting, Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how A．I. might use recordings from a specific seismic site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground.
12．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．To explain a concept. B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To supply a summary. D．To provide an example.
13．What made some researchers optimistic about the earthquake forecasting
A．The recent progress in theories. B．The use of traditional methods.
C．The increasing number of earthquakes. D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What do we know from the third paragraph
A．The trial was conducted by Chinese. B．The algorithm was totally successful.
C．A．I. shows promise in earthquake prediction. D．The A．I. competition only focused on earthquakes.
15．What is the best title for the passage
A．Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D．International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·重庆·模拟预测）This summer, climate change continues to push Earth’s weather to extremes. 16 We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat, how to keep your body safe, and what to do if you suspect you or someone you’re with has heat exhaustion.
17 If you had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger, you’ll want to wait two to three hours before your hot outdoor exercise, since that fat and protein-rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive process. Should you eat after that hot run No. You can hydrate right away, but wait until you’ve cooled off to eat. That’s because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual temperature.
Protect your skin — it’s the body’s cooling system. Your skin and related tissues are incredibly designed to move warm blood away from your core to keep your vital organs cool. Any damage to your skin or the underlying tissue prevents your body from being able to air condition itself. To protect your skin, start with sunscreen. 18 .
Wear materials that will help your body breathe. 19 Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool. Avoid materials like cotton that basically keep the heat close to your body.
Hydrate before, during and after exercise. Dehydration can really happen to you. 20 Besides, keep drinking while you’re working out.
A．Don’t eat right before you head out.
B．Try more heat-friendly forms of exercise.
C．The type of suitable clothing you wear can also help you stay cool.
D．But high outside temperatures in a dry climate can also be dangerous.
E．Is a daytime run or bike ride in hot summer weather OK for our bodies
F．And consider wearing sun-protective clothing that blocks the sun, and include a hat.
G．Make sure you are drinking water at least an hour before you head out to exercise.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·广东肇庆·二模）Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops. A terrible 21 had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 22 and destroyed. His neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 23 to offer his help.
"What a disaster, “Whitaker said.” My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel 24 and don't know what to do now.
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. “I see this not as a disaster but as an 25 ,” he said. Whitaker looked at him 26 . “How can it be ” he asked. Thomas smiled 27 , “Now you have a chance to try something new. You’ve always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 28 crops that will also fit in this soil You can diversify and therefore 29 your farm once again.”
Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push him to make his farm 30 and sustainable in a new way. “You have 31 me,” Whitaker said. He clapped Thomas on the back. “Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty. ”
And so Whitaker 32 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again. Farmers from neighboring towns were 33 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields, and they began to 34 their crops as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 35 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth.
21．A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm
22．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust
23．A．went on B．set off C．came by D．burst in
24．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless
25．A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element
26．A．as usual B．in disbelief C．on purpose D．with pride
27．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully
28．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural
29．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon
30．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious
31．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised
32．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received
33．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed
34．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe
35．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The main structure of the Datengxia water resources management facility in Southwest China has been completed four months ahead 36 schedule, the Ministry of Water Resources said on Saturday.
The project, 37 is located in the Xijiang River, has eight power generation 38 (unit), each with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts (千瓦). It can 39 (annual) generate more than 6 billion kilowatt hours of electricity.
In cooperation with other reservoirs (水库), the project can help Wuzhou, a city with 40 population of over 2.8 million in Guangxi, deal with once-in-a-hundred-year floods. Previously, the city was only able to hold floods that occur once every 50 years. The project also enables some cities in the Pearl River Delta 41 (resist) floods that happen once every two centuries.
The ministry said the Datengxia facility will also provide strong support for rural development, offering irrigation (灌溉) water to 80,000 hectares of farmland and 42 (address) drinking water shortage for almost 1.4 million people in Guangxi.
The project has already played 43 (significance) roles in the past three years when it was put into trial operation. For example, in June last year, it helped prevent 44 store about 700 million cubic meters of floodwater when the Xijiang River 45 (hit) by a flood. In the peak, it reduced water flow by 3,500 cubic meters per second.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·江西萍乡·二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程和感受。
注意：1. 写作同数应为80个左右。
2. 参考词汇：灭火器 fireextinguishers; 消防栓 fire hydrants
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Samantha and Jake had always been close to nature. Growing up in a small cottage situated deep within a thriving forest, they found comfort and wonder in the beauty of the natural world. Their daily adventures included exploring the woods, listening to the birdsong, and gazing at the starry night sky. However, as the years passed, they couldn’t help but notice the gradual changes in their beloved forest.
By the time Samantha turned sixteen and Jake was thirteen, they began to witness the effects of deforestation on their wonderland. The sound of chainsaws (电锯) and the sight of fallen trees became increasingly common. The siblings were feeling extremely shocked and sad by the loss of the forest they had cherished since childhood.
One day, after a particularly disheartening walk through the decreasing woods, Samantha came across a book about environmental heroes. These individuals had devoted their lives to preserving the natural world, and their stories of resilience (恢复力) and impact lighted a spark within Samantha’s heart. She believed that if they could make a difference , so could she and Jake.
Samantha couldn’t wait to share her new-found inspiration with her brother. She rushed home , her mind filled with ideas of how they could protect their forest. When she explained her thoughts to Jake, he nodded in agreement. “Our forest is like family to us,” he said, ”We can’t just stand by and watch it disappear. “
With firm determination, Samantha and Jake decided to take action. They began by organizing tree-planting events in their community, enlisting (征募) the help of friends and neighbors. Each sapling they planted was a symbol of hope for the future of their forest.
Soon , their efforts gained favor. The local schools joined their cause, incorporating environmental education into the curriculum and the community united behind them. Samantha and Jake’s forest restoration project had become a movement that united people of all ages.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha and Jake.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________必修一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（23-24高三下·四川泸州·阶段练习）Four Best Apps to Learn French
Mondly
Mondly is perfect for beginners who are learning French because it starts right from the basics. lt offers interactive conversations where you can practice speaking with its chatbot.
The premium (高级的) version of Mondly starts at $ 9.99 per month. There’s also a free version of the app that gives you limited access to some of the content.
Italki
Italki is the best French app for speaking practice because it can connect you with a French teacher that teaches online lessons. There are over 1,100 on-demand teachers who specialize in teaching French with a variety of qualifications to choose from.
Italki teachers set their own prices for classes. They usually range anywhere from $ 4.00 per hour to over$ 60.00 per hour for more specialized classes. Most teachers offer a 50% discount if you take a trial lesson with them, so you can try a few different teachers until you find the perfect one.
MosaLingua
ln addition to teaching the language, MosaLingua has tons of resources like videos, songs and books that teach you about French culture. A lot of apps will teach you the French language, but they completely ignore French culture.That’s what makes MosaLingua stand out.
A subscription to MosaLingua costs $ 4.99 per month.You can also get a yearly subscription for
$ 50.
Babbel
Babbel is the best app to learn French grammar. They have you actively make choices, put together phrases and practice speaking with voice recognition technology.
Babbel costs $ 14.95 for a monthly subscription, but that price goes down if you purchase a yearly subscription.
1．What can you do on Italki
A．Watch French videos.
B．Choose your teachers.
C．Speak to book writers.
D．Take free trial lessons.
2．Which app will you choose if interested in French culture
A．MosaLingua. B．Mondly. C．Italki. D．Babbel.
3．How much should you pay for subscribing to Babbel for half a year
A．$ 14.95. B．$ 19.98. C．$ 60. D．$ 89.7.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学习法语的四个最佳应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据Italki中“There are over 1,100 on-demand teachers who specialize in teaching French with a variety of qualifications to choose from.”（这里有1100多名按需授课的法语教师，他们有各种各样的资质可供选择。）可知，在Italki上你可以选择你的老师。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据MosaLingua中“ln addition to teaching the language, MosaLingua has tons of resources like videos, songs and books that teach you about French culture. A lot of apps will teach you the French language, but they completely ignore French culture. That’s what makes MosaLingua stand out.”（除了教授法语，MosaLingua还有大量的资源，比如视频、歌曲和书籍，可以教你了解法国文化。很多应用程序会教你法语，但它们完全忽略了法国文化。这就是MosaLingua脱颖而出的原因。）可知，如果你对法国文化感兴趣，你会选择MosaLingua这个应用程序。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据Babbel中“Babbel costs $ 14.95 for a monthly subscription, but that price goes down if you purchase a yearly subscription.”（Babbel的月订阅费为14.95美元，但如果你购买年订阅费，价格会下降。）可知，如果你订阅半年Babbel，你需要支付14.95×6=89.7美元。故选D项。
B
（2024·浙江嘉兴·二模）I have always been proud of my handwriting, a skill I was taught in grade school. The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method, drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot. We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework, as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive(草书). They type everything, mostly on their phones. Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past. This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards. They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent, but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written. One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially, I was angry. I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy. But then I showed an English friend a postcard I'd just written, and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U. S. A．” The rest of it, he politely suggested, looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point. All the m’s and n’s run together, and the l’s look like l’s. The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s. So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact, I just now sent an old friend a postcard. But this time, I simply wrote—in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
4．What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
A．It is characterized by big flowing lines. B．It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
C．It was not allowed in students'homework. D．It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
5．What weakened the writer’s belief in cursive
A．The popularity of block letters in recent times.
B．The younger generation’s disinterest in cursive.
C．His friends’ failure to comprehend his postcards.
D．His English friend's suggestion on postcard design.
6．Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
A．To deliver his message clearly. B．To improve his handwriting skills.
C．To win praise from his friends. D．To show his passion for calligraphy.
7．What is the text mainly about
A．The wide use of cursive. B．The sad decline of cursive.
C．The value of preserving cursive. D．The technique of writing in cursive.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小学时对自己的草书书法感到自豪，到意识到现代趋势使草书变得不那么实用和容易理解的历程。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美丽，但看不懂他们手写的明信片，所以为了清晰起见，他决定改用印刷体。这一转变象征着一个更广泛的社会转变，从手写交流向打字交流转变，显示了传统美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method, drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.”（老师正在教我们帕尔默书法法，在我们写g和s以及美丽的f时，向我们灌输形成大而流畅的线条的重要性，在我的脑海中，f就像童话故事中的公主戴着华丽的帽子，同时伸出右脚）可知，帕尔默书法它的特点是线条大而流畅。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards. They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent, but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written.”（但最近发生的一件事动摇了我对草书的信心。让我完全难以置信的是，我的两个好朋友竟然抱怨我明信片上的字迹。他们很感激我定期寄给他们的漂亮明信片，但他们说他们真的看不懂我写的东西）可知，作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point. All the m’s and n’s run together, and the l’s look like l’s. The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s. So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.”（冷静地看着明信片，我不情愿地承认他说得有道理。所有的m和n连在一起，l看起来像l。a和q是无法区分的。所以，从现在开始，我接受他们的建议，用大写字母交流）可知，作者改用大写字母来交流是为了清楚地传达他的信息。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive. They type everything, mostly on their phones. Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past. This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.”（现在很明显，年轻人不再学草书了。他们用手机打字。漂亮的书法是过去的事了。这已经成为传统主义者巨大悲伤的来源）可知，文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落。故选B项。
C
（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Huddled in small groups around laptops, 20 Brazilian teenagers are using an app to build a skill that’s vital to the future of their entire community. The teenagers belong to the Guarani indigenous (本地的) people and they are fluent in speaking both Portuguese and their mother tongue, Guarani Mbya. But when it comes to writing, they often use Portuguese as that’s what they were first taught to write in, putting the Guarani Mbya language in its written form at risk of disappearing. But since March of this year, they’ve been using an app to improve their ability to write in Guarani Mbya. The app is part of a project funded by IBM to create AI tools to help preserve and expand the use of indigenous languages in Brazil.
Of the 7,000 or so languages that exist in the world, about a fifth are thought to be endangered, with the United Nations estimating that half of these will be extinct by 2100 — the majority being indigenous languages. The movement to prevent indigenous languages from disappearing has prompted a number of tech-centric language preservation and expansion projects. For example, in New Zealand, an app has been developed to collect oral recordings of indigenous languages across the region to help speakers boost their everyday use of their native language.
But embracing technology and the desire to protect culture and language are often at odds in indigenous communities, as Dr. Burbank has observed. “A minority group that’s fighting to preserve a counterculture (反主流文化) will create walls around the culture to try not to dilute (削弱) it, because the majority culture is automatically going to wipe that culture out,” says Dr. Burbank. While many of the indigenous communities Dr. Burbank works with feel technology could contribute to that dilution, she believes it can benefit indigenous communities.
8．Guarani indigenous teenagers seldom write in Guarani Mbya because __________.
A．they were initially trained to use Portuguese in writing
B．the written Guarani Mbya language is in danger of extinction
C．they intend to break free from their indigenous culture
D．Guarani Mbya makes it hard for them to integrate into the outside world
9．How many languages are estimated to disappear by 2100
A．About 7,000. B．About 3,500. C．About 1,400. D．About 700.
10．What does the underlined phrase “at odds” in the last paragraph mean
A．Confusable. B．Sensational. C．Contradictory. D．Consistent.
11．What is the author’s attitude toward using AI for language preservation
A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Dismissive.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们开始利用人工智能来保护语言。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“But when it comes to writing, they often use Portuguese as that’s what they were first taught to write in, putting the Guarani Mbya language in its written form at risk of disappearing.(但在写作方面，他们通常使用葡萄牙语，因为这是他们最初学习的语言，这使得瓜拉尼姆比亚语的书面形式面临消失的危险)”可知，瓜拉尼土著青少年很少用瓜拉尼语写作，因为他们最初被训练使用葡萄牙语写作。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Of the 7,000 or so languages that exist in the world, about a fifth are thought to be endangered, with the United Nations estimating that half of these will be extinct by 2100 — the majority being indigenous languages.(世界上现存的大约7000种语言中，大约有五分之一被认为濒临灭绝，联合国估计其中一半将在2100年前灭绝——其中大多数是土著语言)”可知，到2100年，估计有7000÷2=3500种语言会消失。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““A minority group that’s fighting to preserve a counterculture (反主流文化) will create walls around the culture to try not to dilute (削弱) it, because the majority culture is automatically going to wipe that culture out,” says Dr. Burbank.(伯班克博士说：“为保护一种反主流文化而斗争的少数群体会在这种文化周围筑起高墙，尽量不去稀释它，因为多数文化会自动消灭这种文化。”)”可知，为保护一种反主流文化而斗争的少数群体会在这种文化周围筑起高墙，尽量不去稀释它，因为多数文化会自动消灭这种文化。即在土著社区，拥抱技术与保护文化和语言的愿望往往是矛盾的。故划线词意思是“矛盾的”。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“The app is part of a project funded by IBM to create AI tools to help preserve and expand the use of indigenous languages in Brazil.(该应用程序是IBM资助的一个项目的一部分，该项目旨在创建人工智能工具，以帮助保护和扩大巴西本土语言的使用)”以及第二段“For example, in New Zealand, an app has been developed to collect oral recordings of indigenous languages across the region to help speakers boost their everyday use of their native language.(例如，在新西兰，开发了一款应用程序，用于收集该地区土著语言的口语录音，以帮助使用者提高他们日常使用母语的能力)”可推知，作者对使用人工智能来保存语言持积极态度。故选A。
D
（2024·河北保定·一模）Politicians, business bosses, and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands, but does the habit influence how others interpret those words To get to the bottom of it, a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics conducted a series of experiments on volunteers who viewed videos of people speaking with and without hand movements.
After showing the volunteers videos of people speaking under different conditions, the researchers asked them questions about what they had heard. Some conditions involved the speaker stressing different parts of words in a sentence. Other conditions involved the speaker making various types of hand gestures, such as pointing and sweeping movements. The team recorded the volunteers as they viewed the video recordings, questioning the volunteers afterward about what they had seen and heard.
Researchers found that the volunteers were more affected by syllables (音节) spoken with the conjunction of hand gestures: In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture. Interestingly, however, volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred.
Body language expert Carol Goman said, “Studies have found that speaking with your hands really can change the view of your character. People who communicate through active gesturing tend to be considered warm, agreeable, and energetic, while those who remain still are seen as logical, cold, and analytic. In fact, a 2015 study that studied TED Talks, which posts international talks online, found that the most popular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least popular speakers used.”
The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an important part of in-person communication that have a direct impact on what the listener hears. Furthermore, they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up.
12．What’s the researchers’ purpose of doing the experiments
A．To examine the volunteers’ interpreting skills.
B．Test the effect hand gestures have on speaking.
C．To record the volunteers’ questions for the speaker.
D．To confirm the influence hand movements have on leaders.
13．What did the researchers find in the experiments
A．Hand movements affected what the listener heard.
B．The speaker stressed different parts of words in a sentence.
C．People speaking with different hand gestures had different effects.
D．The most popular speakers used more gestures than the least popular speakers did.
14．What does the underlined word “conjunction” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Assistance. B．Combination. C．Disturbance. D．Interpretation.
15．What may the researchers agree with
A．Gestures can influence others’ view on one’s personality.
B．Understanding gestures is a must in every language.
C．In-person communication helps interpret gestures.
D．Responses to gestures are learning behavior.
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现，在谈话中使用或不使用手势会对听众产生很大影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Politicians, business bosses, and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands, but does the habit influence how others interpret those words To get to the bottom of it, a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics conducted a series of experiments on volunteers who viewed videos of people speaking with and without hand movements. (政治家、商业老板和其他类型的领导人确实倾向于用手说话，但是这种习惯会影响其他人如何理解这些话吗？为了弄清真相，马克斯·普朗克心理语言学研究所的一组研究人员对志愿者进行了一系列实验，这些志愿者观看了人们说话时有和没有手部动作的视频。)”可知，研究人员做实验的目的是测试手势对说话的影响。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture. Interestingly, however, volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred. (在20%的情况下，观众更有可能听到并理解用手势说的话。然而，有趣的是，当说的话和手势不匹配时，志愿者听到错误声音的可能性要高出40%)”可知，研究人员在实验中发现手的动作会影响听者听到的内容。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture. (在20%的案例中，观众更有可能听到并理解结合手势说的话。)”可推知，此处是指志愿者更容易受到与手势相结合的音节的影响，所以conjunction意为“结合”。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Furthermore, they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up. (此外，他们还认为，我们对手势的反应可能是在成长过程中习得的。)”可推知，研究人员可能认同“对手势的反应是一种学习行为”的观点。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·湖南·二模）The first way we learn to communicate is through body language — our facial expressions, our gestures and, when we’re older, our postures. Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts (施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves. 16 .
Change how you feel
To de-stress: Forcing a smile can make running easier and tough tasks less stressful. One 2012 experiment found that a grin makes holding your hand in ice water more bearable.
To feel more confident: 17 . Striking this so-called power pose shortly before an interview or athletic contest can be particularly powerful for women, who tend to sit and stand in a way that takes up less space.
To persevere: 18 . In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides.
Change how others feel
19 : Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener.
To foster connections: Mirroring the facial expressions and gestures of the person you’re talking to can help them feel more comfortable. One 2011 experiment found this is an effective sales skill.
To engage or disengage: If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them. 20 .
A．To come across as sincere
B．But if you want to spread tension, angle your body slightly away — facing full-on is confrontational (对抗性的) when things get heated
C．Here’s how to use body language to everyone’s benefit
D．Making your index finger (食指) and middle finger crossed can help you gather strength
E．To inform people
F．Standing like Wonder Woman — legs apart, hands on hips, chest up — may make you feel more powerful
G．Crossing your arms across your chest can help you persist in solving a problem
【答案】16．C 17．F 18．G 19．A 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何使用肢体语言。
16．根据上文“Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts(施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves.”（ 即使在我们学会了如何说话之后，这种非语言交流仍然会对我们的互动、别人对我们的第一印象，甚至是我们对自己的印象产生强大的、往往是无意识的影响）可知，上文说明了肢体语言的重要性，所以要如何使用肢体语言提出建议，且总起下文的标题。故C选项“以下是如何使用肢体语言使得对每个人都有好处”切题。故选C项。
17．根据上文“To feel more confident”（让自己更自信:）可知，选项承接上文说明那个动作使人更自信。故F选项“像神奇女侠一样站立——双腿分开，双手叉腰，挺胸——这会让你感觉更有力量”切题。powerful呼应confident。故选F项。
18．根据下文“In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides.
”（在2008年的一项研究中，双臂交叉坐着的学生解决不可能的问题的时间几乎是双臂放在身体两侧的学生的两倍。）可知，选项与下文主题相关，说的都是双臂交叉在胸前有助于解决问题。故G选项“双臂交叉在胸前可以帮助你坚持解决问题”切题。故选G项。
19．根据下文“Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener.”（ 研究表明，和别人凝视会让别人觉得你值得信赖、聪明。根据肢体语言专家卡罗尔·金赛·戈曼的说法，它还可以让人们认为你是一个好的倾听者。）可知，本段主要在说要表现出真诚。故A选项“给人真诚的印象”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。
20．根据上文“If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them.”（ 如果你想让别人知道你在听，那就坐着，把整个身体、膝盖和肩膀都面向他们）可知，选项承接上文说明身体部分的姿势代表了不同的意义且与上文为转折关系。故B选项“但如果你想分散紧张感，那就把身体稍微向外倾斜——当事情变得激烈时，面朝全身是对抗性的。”切题。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（23-24高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·阶段练习）Sometimes, a change of scene can do so much good. I’ve lived in Berlin for nine months now and I have stopped thinking of myself as someone learning German. Instead, every day I 21 German expressions I still don’t know. I enter new words into an app on my phone, and 22 , the proportion (比例) of German-yet-unknown-to-me 23 .
I moved here last summer from London, where I had almost lost my 24 . During the time, my first novel had just been published and had 25 a lot of attention. That might sound like a dream that came true. But over the months that followed, a flood of media requests drove me to exhaustion. My inability to say no 26 me, creating an internal struggle between achievement and a mental 27 .
Around the time, I visited an Irish friend in Berlin. On my first night, I slept more 28 on her couch than I ever had in my London double bed. In the morning, I walked around the neighborhood, enjoying the wide pavement and abundance of trees. The 29 of life reminded me of home.
That January trip was the start of my romance with Berlin, and I returned in the spring to stay another few days. Then, after my three days of no sleep back in London, I accepted that London life was making my life miserable. I also noticed how much better my 30 was in Berlin.
I moved that summer. Living in Berlin had improved my mental health in two ways. The first is that I’m not 31 overwhelmed (不堪重负的). I am asked to do fewer things now. And when I do feel too stressed, I am finding it easier to speak up. Daily 32 to German directness (直率) has cured me of my once-consuming need to be liked.
I took it personally when 33 switched to English, feeling it as a(n) 34 on my part. Nowadays, I rarely get hit with English at all.
Did I need to move to Berlin to be happy Maybe not. But I need to do something and this thing 35 . I love writing again, love people and love being alive and learning new words.
21．A．make up B．hunt for C．leave out D．turn down
22．A．gradually B．sharply C．sensitively D．urgently
23．A．separates B．expands C．decreases D．recovers
24．A．character B．contact C．mind D．wealth
25．A．shared B．divided C．recovered D．gained
26．A．weighed on B．took on C．fed on D．relied on
27．A．activity B．balance C．strength D．breakdown
28．A．restlessly B．soundly C．lightly D．badly
29．A．simplicity B．burden C．adventure D．requirement
30．A．designing B．writing C．exercising D．touring
31．A．fortunately B．smoothly C．skilfully D．professionally
32．A．exposure B．application C．similarity D．reference
33．A．officials B．colleagues C．locals D．customers
34．A．interest B．task C．experiment D．failure
35．A．paused B．dropped C．worked D．rushed
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为第一部小说的出版获得很多关注，潮水般的媒体让他疲于应付，陷入成就和精神崩溃之间的内心挣扎。偶然间，他拜访了在柏林的朋友，发现自己的精神状态变好了，于是不久后搬到他搬到柏林居住，不再不堪重负，还认真地学习起德语，感觉到变换环境让自己受益很多。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，我每天都在搜寻我仍然不知道的德语表达。A. make up弥补；B. hunt for搜寻；C. leave out忽略；D. turn down拒绝。根据下文“I enter new words into an app on my phone”可知，作者会把新单词输入应用程序中，因此是每天都在搜寻仍不知道的德语表达。故选B。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在手机上的一个应用程序中输入新单词，渐渐地，我不认识的德语比例降低了。A. gradually逐渐地；B. sharply急剧地；C. sensitively敏感地；D. urgently紧急地。根据上文“Instead, every day I ___1___ German expressions I still don’t know. I enter new words into an app on my phone”可知，作者每天都在学习新的德语表达，因此会逐渐进步，掌握更多的德语表达。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在手机上的一个应用程序中输入新单词，渐渐地，我不认识的德语比例降低了。A. separates分离；B. expands扩大；C. decreases降低；D. recovers恢复。根据上文“Instead, every day I ___1___ German expressions I still don’t know. I enter new words into an app on my phone”可知，作者每天都在学习新的德语表达，因此不认识的德语比例会降低。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去年夏天从伦敦搬到这里，在那里我几乎精神错乱。A. character角色；B. contact联系；C. mind理智；D. wealth财富。根据下文“But over the months that followed, a flood of media requests drove me to exhaustion. My inability to say no ___6___ me, creating an internal struggle between achievement and a mental ___7___.”可知，作者疲于应付媒体，内心在挣扎，因此是精神错乱，lose one’s mind表示“失去理智，精神错乱”。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，我的第一部小说刚刚出版，并获得了很多关注。A. shared分享；B. divided分开；C. recovered恢复；D. gained获得。根据下文“That might sound like a dream that came true.”可知，这看似是一件梦想成真的好事，因此是第一部小说出版后获得了很多关注。故选D。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我无法说“不”，这让我很烦恼，在成就和精神崩溃之间产生了内心的挣扎。A. weighed on使烦恼；B. took on承担；C. fed on以……为食；D. relied on依赖。根据下文“creating an internal struggle between achievement and a mental ___7___”可知，作者的内心在挣扎，因此无法说“不”是让他很烦恼。故选A。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我无法说“不”，这让我很烦恼，在成就和精神崩溃之间产生了内心的挣扎。A. activity活动；B. balance平衡；C. strength力量；D. breakdown崩溃。根据上文“But over the months that followed, a flood of media requests drove me to exhaustion. My inability to say no”可知，作者疲于应付媒体，但又无法拒绝他们，因此精神会崩溃。故选D。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：第一天晚上，我在她的沙发上睡得比我在伦敦的双人床上睡得还香。A. restlessly不安地；B. soundly酣畅地；C. lightly轻松地；D. badly糟糕地。根据下文“Then, after my three days of no sleep back in London, I accepted that London life was making my life miserable.”可知，后来作者回到伦敦后睡得很糟糕，由此推知，此处指他甚至在柏林的沙发上都睡得很香，衬托出他在这里生活地很轻松。故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：简单的生活使我想起了家。A. simplicity简单；B. burden负担；C. adventure冒险；D. requirement要求。根据上文“In the morning, I walked around the neighborhood, enjoying the wide pavement and abundance of trees.”可知，早起后，作者在附近散步，欣赏着宽阔的人行道和茂密的树木，这是一种简单的生活。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还注意到我在柏林的写作好得多。A. designing设计；B. writing写作；C. exercising锻炼；D. touring旅行。根据上文“my first novel had just been published”可知，作者是一名作家，因此是写作也变好了。故选B。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：首先，我没有在工作上不堪重负。A. fortunately幸运地；B. smoothly顺利地；C. skilfully熟练地；D. professionally在工作上。根据下文“I am asked to do fewer things now.”可知，作者被要求做的事情减少了，因此是工作上不再不堪重负。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天接触德国人的直率，治愈了我一度强烈的被人喜欢的欲望。A. exposure接触；B. application应用；C. similarity相似；D. reference参考。根据下文“to German directness”可推知，生活在柏林的作者会每天都接触德国人的直率。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地人改用英语时，我很在意，觉得这是我个人的失败。A. officials官员；B. colleagues同事；C. locals当地人；D. customers顾客。根据身为作家的作者在柏林生活，以及下文“switched to English”可推知，此处表示他日常接触的当地人不说德语，改用英语和他交流。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地人改用英语时，我很在意，觉得这是我个人的失败。A. interest兴趣；B. task任务；C. experiment实验；D. failure失败。根据上文“I took it personally when ___13___ switched to English”可知，作者很在意别人和他交流的时候改用英语这件事，结合他在学习德语可推知，他会认为这是自己学习不好导致的，，觉得这是个人的失败。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我得做点什么，这招奏效了。A. paused暂停；B. dropped丢弃；C. worked奏效；D. rushed匆忙。根据下文“I love writing again, love people and love being alive and learning new words.”可知，作者又喜欢写作了，喜欢和人相处，喜欢活着，喜欢学习新单词，因此换到新环境这招是奏效了。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·四川遂宁·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thousands of years ago, Chinese characters appeared on animal bones and silk before they 36 (write) on paper. But now many 37 character has a “new container” in the modern age.
Recently, a research team, drawing every little bit of 38 (inspire) from Xunzi, an outstanding Confucian philosopher during the late Warring States Period (475-221 BC), has rolled out Xunzi, a large language model (LLM) and Xunzi Chat in association with a leading ancient Chinese text publisher. When 39 (ask) why, the team leader explained, “Characters set invertical layout (竖版), the absence of pausing and punctuation are all holding readers back.” 40 (create) Xunzi the LLM, the team first did a lot of research. Since2013, they’ve sweated 41 (heavy) to digitize Chinese classics like the SikuQuanshu. “The hard work involves a large-scale pool of two billion Chinese characters, 42 has laid a solid foundation for the LLM.” Their efforts seem to have paid off. Currently, Xunzi the LLM can translate, punctuate 43 understand some ancient Chinese texts. The model can help us mine for more information hidden in our cultural legacy and find unnoticed models and connections.
The team have shared the LLM on GitHub and other websites, 44 (allow) users to download and use it for free. They’re committed to the philosophy of making the data and model 45 (access) globally.
【答案】36．were written 37．a 38．inspiration 39．asked 40．To create 41．heavily 42．which 43．and 44．allowing 45．accessible
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队近期推出的一项结合古代哲学思想与现代技术的创新项目——古籍大语言模型“荀子”，这是国内首个专门应用于古籍处理与研究的智能工具。
36．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在写在纸上之前，几千年前，汉字就出现在了兽骨和丝绸上。根据句意和时间状语Thousands of years ago可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，且they指代Chinese characters，与write“写”之间为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were written。
37．考查固定短语。句意：但在现代社会，许多汉字有了一个“新容器”。many a“许多”为固定短语。故填a。
38．考查名词。句意：最近，一个研究小组从战国末期（公元前475-221年）杰出的儒家哲学家荀子身上汲取了一点灵感，与一家领先的中国古籍出版商合作，推出了一个大型语言模型（LLM）“荀子”以及Xunzi Chat（荀子聊天）。介词of后接名词作宾语，inspiration意为“灵感”，是不可数名词。故填inspiration。
39．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问及为何这样做时，团队负责人解释说：“竖版排列的字符，没有停顿和标点符号，都阻碍了读者。”当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，本句中ask与the team leader之间是被动关系，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，因此从句完整形式为“When the team leader was asked”，省略后保留过去分词asked。故填asked。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创造荀子这个大型语言模型，团队首先做了大量的研究。本句谓语为did，此处为非谓语动词，应用create“创造”的不定式，作目的状语。故填To create。
41．考查副词。句意：自2013年以来，他们为数字化《四库全书》等中国经典付出了大量辛勤的努力。修饰动词sweated，应用副词heavily，意为“大量地”，作状语。故填heavily。
42．考查定语从句。句意：这项艰苦的工作涉及一个包含20亿个汉字的大规模库，这为大型语言模型奠定了坚实的基础。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
43．考查连词。句意：目前，“荀子”大型语言模型可以翻译、断句并理解一些古代汉语文本。translate、punctuate和understand是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队已在GitHub和其他网站上分享了这个大型语言模型，允许用户免费下载和使用。本句谓语为have shared，此处为非谓语动词，且allow“允许”与逻辑主语The team之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作状语。故填allowing。
45．考查形容词。句意：他们致力于让数据和模型在全球范围内可访问的理念。本空用access的形容词accessible，意为“可访问的”，作宾语the data and model的补足语。故填accessible。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·浙江温州·三模）你校英文报就最近举办的“当英语遇上艺术”(When English Meets The Arts)系列活动开展征文，请你写一篇短文，分享其中让你印象深刻的一项活动，内容包括：
1.活动介绍;2.你的感想
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
When English Meets The Arts
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】When English Meets The Arts
Recently, our school organized a series of activities titled ”When English Meets The Arts". Among them, the activity that left a deep impression on me was the English drama performance.
During the activity, students from different grades cooperated to produce and perform short English dramas. Each drama showcased a unique storyline and creative dialogue, providing a platform for students to showcase their English proficiency and acting skills. Personally, I was deeply impressed by the dedication and teamwork displayed by the students. Despite the challenges of language learning and stage fright, they demonstrated confidence and enthusiasm on stage. Moreover, the dramas not only entertained the audience but also encouraged language learning in a fun and interactive way.
Overall, the English drama performance was a memorable and inspiring experience, highlighting the synergy between language learning and artistic expression. It reinforced the importance of creative approaches in language education and provided valuable opportunities for students to shine on stage.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇征文，分享学校英文报最近举办的“当英语遇上艺术”系列活动中让你印象深刻的一项活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
一系列：a series of →a suite of
合作：cooperate→collaborate
展示：showcase→display
提供：provide→offer
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Each drama showcased a unique storyline and creative dialogue, providing a platform for students to showcase their English proficiency and acting skills.
拓展句：Each drama showcased a unique storyline and creative dialogue, which provided a platform for students to showcase their English proficiency and acting skills.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Among them, the activity that left a deep impression on me was the English drama performance.(运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Overall, the English drama performance was a memorable and inspiring experience, highlighting the synergy between language learning and artistic expression.(运用了现在分词作状语)
第二节 (满分25分)
（23-24高三下·广东韶关·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For more than 20 years I have been traveling the world, preferring often to spend a year or two in different countries rather than to just visit as a tourist. It has become an important part of my personality as I grew older and shaped the way I saw the world and myself.
My little taste of this amazing life was when I was 19 years old. I was selected among a small group of college classmates to spend a year abroad. This was long before people could travel the world through social media like Facebook and Twitter. In order to see a place, you had to go there and experienced it.
I was raised in a middle-class family and couldn’t afford to travel around the world the way I wished I could. The only way I knew about the world outside was through letters I wrote to pen pals from over a dozen countries as a kid, and from television. Growing up, I always loved the very funny British comedies that were shown on local public television every Saturday night. So when I got the chance to apply for a study abroad program, I chose London.
Living abroad can be exciting, scary and challenging. I thought it would be easier because I spoke the same language as the local people did. But I also like to relish (享受) the little differences between the British and American culture and language. I also learned that in England, they spell words differently than in the U. S. In British spelling, they put a “u” in words like favor to make it “favour” and an “s” in words like analyze to make it “analyse”. I was able to adapt quickly to this new way of writing since I was submitting papers all the time for my classes.
Academically, I got to take classes that weren’t offered at my college back home. For example, I had a course in sociology and learned about the native people of Papua New Guinea.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: But there were also challenges that year too.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: Sometimes the difficult times made me sad and homesick.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】But there were also challenges that year too. One of my classes was called “Europe Since 1870”. In the U.S., I would have expected an introductory history class, but in England, I was supposed to have already known the history. Now was the time to analyze it. That meant I not only had to learn the history as I went along but also had to try to write a paper explaining why certain events happened as they did. Despite this, I don’t regret anything about my time in London. Even through painful experiences, I learn to grow.
Sometimes the difficult times made me sad and homesick. But luckily, I met some classmates from all over the world, and these wonderful interactions with people watered down my negative feelings. I met dozens of interesting people from places like France, Greece and Germany, Palestine, and Australia. Learning how to make friends with people from different cultures and backgrounds is really fun. Moreover, interacting with these new friends helps me understand the countries they represent.
【导语】本文以作者对在世界各地旅游的感受为线索展开，讲述了作者在19岁被学校选中去国外度过一年开始，对国外的生活有了一些体会，作者认为在国外生活是令人兴奋的，可怕的又具有挑战性，从语言和英美文化的差异到学习课程的不同，作者从多个角度讲述了自己在国外生活的体会和感受。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“但那一年也有挑战。”可知，第一段可描写作者遇到了什么样的挑战，与上文内容衔接，应讲述与课程相关的挑战。
②由第二段首句内容“有时困难时期使我悲伤和想家。”可知，第二段可描写作者是如何从悲伤和想家中走出来的。
2.续写线索：课程挑战——感受如何——困难时期悲伤——化解悲伤的方式——作者的感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①解释：explaining/clarify/make it clear
②冲淡：watered down/weaken
③交流/互动：interacting with/communicate with
情绪类
①痛苦的：painful/miserable/bitter
【点睛】[高分句型1]. That meant I not only had to learn the history as I went along but also had to try to write a paper explaining why certain events happened as they did. （运用了not only…but also…连接并列句、why引导的宾语从句作explaining的宾语以及as引导的方式状语从句）
[高分句型2]. Learning how to make friends with people from different cultures and backgrounds is really fun. （运用了动名词短语作主语以及“疑问词+to do”结构作learning的宾语）
[高分句型3]. Moreover, interacting with these new friends helps me understand the countries they represent.（运用了动名词短语作主语以及省略关系代词的定语从句）必修一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（23-24高三下·四川泸州·阶段练习）Four Best Apps to Learn French
Mondly
Mondly is perfect for beginners who are learning French because it starts right from the basics. lt offers interactive conversations where you can practice speaking with its chatbot.
The premium (高级的) version of Mondly starts at $ 9.99 per month. There’s also a free version of the app that gives you limited access to some of the content.
Italki
Italki is the best French app for speaking practice because it can connect you with a French teacher that teaches online lessons. There are over 1,100 on-demand teachers who specialize in teaching French with a variety of qualifications to choose from.
Italki teachers set their own prices for classes. They usually range anywhere from $ 4.00 per hour to over$ 60.00 per hour for more specialized classes. Most teachers offer a 50% discount if you take a trial lesson with them, so you can try a few different teachers until you find the perfect one.
MosaLingua
ln addition to teaching the language, MosaLingua has tons of resources like videos, songs and books that teach you about French culture. A lot of apps will teach you the French language, but they completely ignore French culture.That’s what makes MosaLingua stand out.
A subscription to MosaLingua costs $ 4.99 per month.You can also get a yearly subscription for
$ 50.
Babbel
Babbel is the best app to learn French grammar. They have you actively make choices, put together phrases and practice speaking with voice recognition technology.
Babbel costs $ 14.95 for a monthly subscription, but that price goes down if you purchase a yearly subscription.
1．What can you do on Italki
A．Watch French videos.
B．Choose your teachers.
C．Speak to book writers.
D．Take free trial lessons.
2．Which app will you choose if interested in French culture
A．MosaLingua. B．Mondly. C．Italki. D．Babbel.
3．How much should you pay for subscribing to Babbel for half a year
A．$ 14.95. B．$ 19.98. C．$ 60. D．$ 89.7.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学习法语的四个最佳应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据Italki中“There are over 1,100 on-demand teachers who specialize in teaching French with a variety of qualifications to choose from.”（这里有1100多名按需授课的法语教师，他们有各种各样的资质可供选择。）可知，在Italki上你可以选择你的老师。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据MosaLingua中“ln addition to teaching the language, MosaLingua has tons of resources like videos, songs and books that teach you about French culture. A lot of apps will teach you the French language, but they completely ignore French culture. That’s what makes MosaLingua stand out.”（除了教授法语，MosaLingua还有大量的资源，比如视频、歌曲和书籍，可以教你了解法国文化。很多应用程序会教你法语，但它们完全忽略了法国文化。这就是MosaLingua脱颖而出的原因。）可知，如果你对法国文化感兴趣，你会选择MosaLingua这个应用程序。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据Babbel中“Babbel costs $ 14.95 for a monthly subscription, but that price goes down if you purchase a yearly subscription.”（Babbel的月订阅费为14.95美元，但如果你购买年订阅费，价格会下降。）可知，如果你订阅半年Babbel，你需要支付14.95×6=89.7美元。故选D项。
B
（2024·浙江嘉兴·二模）I have always been proud of my handwriting, a skill I was taught in grade school. The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method, drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot. We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework, as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive(草书). They type everything, mostly on their phones. Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past. This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards. They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent, but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written. One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially, I was angry. I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy. But then I showed an English friend a postcard I'd just written, and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U. S. A．” The rest of it, he politely suggested, looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point. All the m’s and n’s run together, and the l’s look like l’s. The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s. So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact, I just now sent an old friend a postcard. But this time, I simply wrote—in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
4．What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
A．It is characterized by big flowing lines. B．It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
C．It was not allowed in students'homework. D．It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
5．What weakened the writer’s belief in cursive
A．The popularity of block letters in recent times.
B．The younger generation’s disinterest in cursive.
C．His friends’ failure to comprehend his postcards.
D．His English friend's suggestion on postcard design.
6．Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
A．To deliver his message clearly. B．To improve his handwriting skills.
C．To win praise from his friends. D．To show his passion for calligraphy.
7．What is the text mainly about
A．The wide use of cursive. B．The sad decline of cursive.
C．The value of preserving cursive. D．The technique of writing in cursive.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小学时对自己的草书书法感到自豪，到意识到现代趋势使草书变得不那么实用和容易理解的历程。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美丽，但看不懂他们手写的明信片，所以为了清晰起见，他决定改用印刷体。这一转变象征着一个更广泛的社会转变，从手写交流向打字交流转变，显示了传统美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method, drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.”（老师正在教我们帕尔默书法法，在我们写g和s以及美丽的f时，向我们灌输形成大而流畅的线条的重要性，在我的脑海中，f就像童话故事中的公主戴着华丽的帽子，同时伸出右脚）可知，帕尔默书法它的特点是线条大而流畅。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards. They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent, but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written.”（但最近发生的一件事动摇了我对草书的信心。让我完全难以置信的是，我的两个好朋友竟然抱怨我明信片上的字迹。他们很感激我定期寄给他们的漂亮明信片，但他们说他们真的看不懂我写的东西）可知，作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point. All the m’s and n’s run together, and the l’s look like l’s. The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s. So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.”（冷静地看着明信片，我不情愿地承认他说得有道理。所有的m和n连在一起，l看起来像l。a和q是无法区分的。所以，从现在开始，我接受他们的建议，用大写字母交流）可知，作者改用大写字母来交流是为了清楚地传达他的信息。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive. They type everything, mostly on their phones. Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past. This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.”（现在很明显，年轻人不再学草书了。他们用手机打字。漂亮的书法是过去的事了。这已经成为传统主义者巨大悲伤的来源）可知，文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落。故选B项。
C
（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Huddled in small groups around laptops, 20 Brazilian teenagers are using an app to build a skill that’s vital to the future of their entire community. The teenagers belong to the Guarani indigenous (本地的) people and they are fluent in speaking both Portuguese and their mother tongue, Guarani Mbya. But when it comes to writing, they often use Portuguese as that’s what they were first taught to write in, putting the Guarani Mbya language in its written form at risk of disappearing. But since March of this year, they’ve been using an app to improve their ability to write in Guarani Mbya. The app is part of a project funded by IBM to create AI tools to help preserve and expand the use of indigenous languages in Brazil.
Of the 7,000 or so languages that exist in the world, about a fifth are thought to be endangered, with the United Nations estimating that half of these will be extinct by 2100 — the majority being indigenous languages. The movement to prevent indigenous languages from disappearing has prompted a number of tech-centric language preservation and expansion projects. For example, in New Zealand, an app has been developed to collect oral recordings of indigenous languages across the region to help speakers boost their everyday use of their native language.
But embracing technology and the desire to protect culture and language are often at odds in indigenous communities, as Dr. Burbank has observed. “A minority group that’s fighting to preserve a counterculture (反主流文化) will create walls around the culture to try not to dilute (削弱) it, because the majority culture is automatically going to wipe that culture out,” says Dr. Burbank. While many of the indigenous communities Dr. Burbank works with feel technology could contribute to that dilution, she believes it can benefit indigenous communities.
8．Guarani indigenous teenagers seldom write in Guarani Mbya because __________.
A．they were initially trained to use Portuguese in writing
B．the written Guarani Mbya language is in danger of extinction
C．they intend to break free from their indigenous culture
D．Guarani Mbya makes it hard for them to integrate into the outside world
9．How many languages are estimated to disappear by 2100
A．About 7,000. B．About 3,500. C．About 1,400. D．About 700.
10．What does the underlined phrase “at odds” in the last paragraph mean
A．Confusable. B．Sensational. C．Contradictory. D．Consistent.
11．What is the author’s attitude toward using AI for language preservation
A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Dismissive.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们开始利用人工智能来保护语言。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“But when it comes to writing, they often use Portuguese as that’s what they were first taught to write in, putting the Guarani Mbya language in its written form at risk of disappearing.(但在写作方面，他们通常使用葡萄牙语，因为这是他们最初学习的语言，这使得瓜拉尼姆比亚语的书面形式面临消失的危险)”可知，瓜拉尼土著青少年很少用瓜拉尼语写作，因为他们最初被训练使用葡萄牙语写作。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Of the 7,000 or so languages that exist in the world, about a fifth are thought to be endangered, with the United Nations estimating that half of these will be extinct by 2100 — the majority being indigenous languages.(世界上现存的大约7000种语言中，大约有五分之一被认为濒临灭绝，联合国估计其中一半将在2100年前灭绝——其中大多数是土著语言)”可知，到2100年，估计有7000÷2=3500种语言会消失。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““A minority group that’s fighting to preserve a counterculture (反主流文化) will create walls around the culture to try not to dilute (削弱) it, because the majority culture is automatically going to wipe that culture out,” says Dr. Burbank.(伯班克博士说：“为保护一种反主流文化而斗争的少数群体会在这种文化周围筑起高墙，尽量不去稀释它，因为多数文化会自动消灭这种文化。”)”可知，为保护一种反主流文化而斗争的少数群体会在这种文化周围筑起高墙，尽量不去稀释它，因为多数文化会自动消灭这种文化。即在土著社区，拥抱技术与保护文化和语言的愿望往往是矛盾的。故划线词意思是“矛盾的”。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“The app is part of a project funded by IBM to create AI tools to help preserve and expand the use of indigenous languages in Brazil.(该应用程序是IBM资助的一个项目的一部分，该项目旨在创建人工智能工具，以帮助保护和扩大巴西本土语言的使用)”以及第二段“For example, in New Zealand, an app has been developed to collect oral recordings of indigenous languages across the region to help speakers boost their everyday use of their native language.(例如，在新西兰，开发了一款应用程序，用于收集该地区土著语言的口语录音，以帮助使用者提高他们日常使用母语的能力)”可推知，作者对使用人工智能来保存语言持积极态度。故选A。
D
（2024·河北保定·一模）Politicians, business bosses, and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands, but does the habit influence how others interpret those words To get to the bottom of it, a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics conducted a series of experiments on volunteers who viewed videos of people speaking with and without hand movements.
After showing the volunteers videos of people speaking under different conditions, the researchers asked them questions about what they had heard. Some conditions involved the speaker stressing different parts of words in a sentence. Other conditions involved the speaker making various types of hand gestures, such as pointing and sweeping movements. The team recorded the volunteers as they viewed the video recordings, questioning the volunteers afterward about what they had seen and heard.
Researchers found that the volunteers were more affected by syllables (音节) spoken with the conjunction of hand gestures: In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture. Interestingly, however, volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred.
Body language expert Carol Goman said, “Studies have found that speaking with your hands really can change the view of your character. People who communicate through active gesturing tend to be considered warm, agreeable, and energetic, while those who remain still are seen as logical, cold, and analytic. In fact, a 2015 study that studied TED Talks, which posts international talks online, found that the most popular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least popular speakers used.”
The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an important part of in-person communication that have a direct impact on what the listener hears. Furthermore, they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up.
12．What’s the researchers’ purpose of doing the experiments
A．To examine the volunteers’ interpreting skills.
B．Test the effect hand gestures have on speaking.
C．To record the volunteers’ questions for the speaker.
D．To confirm the influence hand movements have on leaders.
13．What did the researchers find in the experiments
A．Hand movements affected what the listener heard.
B．The speaker stressed different parts of words in a sentence.
C．People speaking with different hand gestures had different effects.
D．The most popular speakers used more gestures than the least popular speakers did.
14．What does the underlined word “conjunction” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Assistance. B．Combination. C．Disturbance. D．Interpretation.
15．What may the researchers agree with
A．Gestures can influence others’ view on one’s personality.
B．Understanding gestures is a must in every language.
C．In-person communication helps interpret gestures.
D．Responses to gestures are learning behavior.
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现，在谈话中使用或不使用手势会对听众产生很大影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Politicians, business bosses, and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands, but does the habit influence how others interpret those words To get to the bottom of it, a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics conducted a series of experiments on volunteers who viewed videos of people speaking with and without hand movements. (政治家、商业老板和其他类型的领导人确实倾向于用手说话，但是这种习惯会影响其他人如何理解这些话吗？为了弄清真相，马克斯·普朗克心理语言学研究所的一组研究人员对志愿者进行了一系列实验，这些志愿者观看了人们说话时有和没有手部动作的视频。)”可知，研究人员做实验的目的是测试手势对说话的影响。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture. Interestingly, however, volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred. (在20%的情况下，观众更有可能听到并理解用手势说的话。然而，有趣的是，当说的话和手势不匹配时，志愿者听到错误声音的可能性要高出40%)”可知，研究人员在实验中发现手的动作会影响听者听到的内容。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture. (在20%的案例中，观众更有可能听到并理解结合手势说的话。)”可推知，此处是指志愿者更容易受到与手势相结合的音节的影响，所以conjunction意为“结合”。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Furthermore, they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up. (此外，他们还认为，我们对手势的反应可能是在成长过程中习得的。)”可推知，研究人员可能认同“对手势的反应是一种学习行为”的观点。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·湖南·二模）The first way we learn to communicate is through body language — our facial expressions, our gestures and, when we’re older, our postures. Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts (施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves. 16 .
Change how you feel
To de-stress: Forcing a smile can make running easier and tough tasks less stressful. One 2012 experiment found that a grin makes holding your hand in ice water more bearable.
To feel more confident: 17 . Striking this so-called power pose shortly before an interview or athletic contest can be particularly powerful for women, who tend to sit and stand in a way that takes up less space.
To persevere: 18 . In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides.
Change how others feel
19 : Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener.
To foster connections: Mirroring the facial expressions and gestures of the person you’re talking to can help them feel more comfortable. One 2011 experiment found this is an effective sales skill.
To engage or disengage: If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them. 20 .
A．To come across as sincere
B．But if you want to spread tension, angle your body slightly away — facing full-on is confrontational (对抗性的) when things get heated
C．Here’s how to use body language to everyone’s benefit
D．Making your index finger (食指) and middle finger crossed can help you gather strength
E．To inform people
F．Standing like Wonder Woman — legs apart, hands on hips, chest up — may make you feel more powerful
G．Crossing your arms across your chest can help you persist in solving a problem
【答案】16．C 17．F 18．G 19．A 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何使用肢体语言。
16．根据上文“Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts(施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves.”（ 即使在我们学会了如何说话之后，这种非语言交流仍然会对我们的互动、别人对我们的第一印象，甚至是我们对自己的印象产生强大的、往往是无意识的影响）可知，上文说明了肢体语言的重要性，所以要如何使用肢体语言提出建议，且总起下文的标题。故C选项“以下是如何使用肢体语言使得对每个人都有好处”切题。故选C项。
17．根据上文“To feel more confident”（让自己更自信:）可知，选项承接上文说明那个动作使人更自信。故F选项“像神奇女侠一样站立——双腿分开，双手叉腰，挺胸——这会让你感觉更有力量”切题。powerful呼应confident。故选F项。
18．根据下文“In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides.
”（在2008年的一项研究中，双臂交叉坐着的学生解决不可能的问题的时间几乎是双臂放在身体两侧的学生的两倍。）可知，选项与下文主题相关，说的都是双臂交叉在胸前有助于解决问题。故G选项“双臂交叉在胸前可以帮助你坚持解决问题”切题。故选G项。
19．根据下文“Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener.”（ 研究表明，和别人凝视会让别人觉得你值得信赖、聪明。根据肢体语言专家卡罗尔·金赛·戈曼的说法，它还可以让人们认为你是一个好的倾听者。）可知，本段主要在说要表现出真诚。故A选项“给人真诚的印象”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。
20．根据上文“If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them.”（ 如果你想让别人知道你在听，那就坐着，把整个身体、膝盖和肩膀都面向他们）可知，选项承接上文说明身体部分的姿势代表了不同的意义且与上文为转折关系。故B选项“但如果你想分散紧张感，那就把身体稍微向外倾斜——当事情变得激烈时，面朝全身是对抗性的。”切题。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（23-24高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·阶段练习）Sometimes, a change of scene can do so much good. I’ve lived in Berlin for nine months now and I have stopped thinking of myself as someone learning German. Instead, every day I 21 German expressions I still don’t know. I enter new words into an app on my phone, and 22 , the proportion (比例) of German-yet-unknown-to-me 23 .
I moved here last summer from London, where I had almost lost my 24 . During the time, my first novel had just been published and had 25 a lot of attention. That might sound like a dream that came true. But over the months that followed, a flood of media requests drove me to exhaustion. My inability to say no 26 me, creating an internal struggle between achievement and a mental 27 .
Around the time, I visited an Irish friend in Berlin. On my first night, I slept more 28 on her couch than I ever had in my London double bed. In the morning, I walked around the neighborhood, enjoying the wide pavement and abundance of trees. The 29 of life reminded me of home.
That January trip was the start of my romance with Berlin, and I returned in the spring to stay another few days. Then, after my three days of no sleep back in London, I accepted that London life was making my life miserable. I also noticed how much better my 30 was in Berlin.
I moved that summer. Living in Berlin had improved my mental health in two ways. The first is that I’m not 31 overwhelmed (不堪重负的). I am asked to do fewer things now. And when I do feel too stressed, I am finding it easier to speak up. Daily 32 to German directness (直率) has cured me of my once-consuming need to be liked.
I took it personally when 33 switched to English, feeling it as a(n) 34 on my part. Nowadays, I rarely get hit with English at all.
Did I need to move to Berlin to be happy Maybe not. But I need to do something and this thing 35 . I love writing again, love people and love being alive and learning new words.
21．A．make up B．hunt for C．leave out D．turn down
22．A．gradually B．sharply C．sensitively D．urgently
23．A．separates B．expands C．decreases D．recovers
24．A．character B．contact C．mind D．wealth
25．A．shared B．divided C．recovered D．gained
26．A．weighed on B．took on C．fed on D．relied on
27．A．activity B．balance C．strength D．breakdown
28．A．restlessly B．soundly C．lightly D．badly
29．A．simplicity B．burden C．adventure D．requirement
30．A．designing B．writing C．exercising D．touring
31．A．fortunately B．smoothly C．skilfully D．professionally
32．A．exposure B．application C．similarity D．reference
33．A．officials B．colleagues C．locals D．customers
34．A．interest B．task C．experiment D．failure
35．A．paused B．dropped C．worked D．rushed
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为第一部小说的出版获得很多关注，潮水般的媒体让他疲于应付，陷入成就和精神崩溃之间的内心挣扎。偶然间，他拜访了在柏林的朋友，发现自己的精神状态变好了，于是不久后搬到他搬到柏林居住，不再不堪重负，还认真地学习起德语，感觉到变换环境让自己受益很多。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，我每天都在搜寻我仍然不知道的德语表达。A. make up弥补；B. hunt for搜寻；C. leave out忽略；D. turn down拒绝。根据下文“I enter new words into an app on my phone”可知，作者会把新单词输入应用程序中，因此是每天都在搜寻仍不知道的德语表达。故选B。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在手机上的一个应用程序中输入新单词，渐渐地，我不认识的德语比例降低了。A. gradually逐渐地；B. sharply急剧地；C. sensitively敏感地；D. urgently紧急地。根据上文“Instead, every day I ___1___ German expressions I still don’t know. I enter new words into an app on my phone”可知，作者每天都在学习新的德语表达，因此会逐渐进步，掌握更多的德语表达。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在手机上的一个应用程序中输入新单词，渐渐地，我不认识的德语比例降低了。A. separates分离；B. expands扩大；C. decreases降低；D. recovers恢复。根据上文“Instead, every day I ___1___ German expressions I still don’t know. I enter new words into an app on my phone”可知，作者每天都在学习新的德语表达，因此不认识的德语比例会降低。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去年夏天从伦敦搬到这里，在那里我几乎精神错乱。A. character角色；B. contact联系；C. mind理智；D. wealth财富。根据下文“But over the months that followed, a flood of media requests drove me to exhaustion. My inability to say no ___6___ me, creating an internal struggle between achievement and a mental ___7___.”可知，作者疲于应付媒体，内心在挣扎，因此是精神错乱，lose one’s mind表示“失去理智，精神错乱”。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，我的第一部小说刚刚出版，并获得了很多关注。A. shared分享；B. divided分开；C. recovered恢复；D. gained获得。根据下文“That might sound like a dream that came true.”可知，这看似是一件梦想成真的好事，因此是第一部小说出版后获得了很多关注。故选D。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我无法说“不”，这让我很烦恼，在成就和精神崩溃之间产生了内心的挣扎。A. weighed on使烦恼；B. took on承担；C. fed on以……为食；D. relied on依赖。根据下文“creating an internal struggle between achievement and a mental ___7___”可知，作者的内心在挣扎，因此无法说“不”是让他很烦恼。故选A。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我无法说“不”，这让我很烦恼，在成就和精神崩溃之间产生了内心的挣扎。A. activity活动；B. balance平衡；C. strength力量；D. breakdown崩溃。根据上文“But over the months that followed, a flood of media requests drove me to exhaustion. My inability to say no”可知，作者疲于应付媒体，但又无法拒绝他们，因此精神会崩溃。故选D。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：第一天晚上，我在她的沙发上睡得比我在伦敦的双人床上睡得还香。A. restlessly不安地；B. soundly酣畅地；C. lightly轻松地；D. badly糟糕地。根据下文“Then, after my three days of no sleep back in London, I accepted that London life was making my life miserable.”可知，后来作者回到伦敦后睡得很糟糕，由此推知，此处指他甚至在柏林的沙发上都睡得很香，衬托出他在这里生活地很轻松。故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：简单的生活使我想起了家。A. simplicity简单；B. burden负担；C. adventure冒险；D. requirement要求。根据上文“In the morning, I walked around the neighborhood, enjoying the wide pavement and abundance of trees.”可知，早起后，作者在附近散步，欣赏着宽阔的人行道和茂密的树木，这是一种简单的生活。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还注意到我在柏林的写作好得多。A. designing设计；B. writing写作；C. exercising锻炼；D. touring旅行。根据上文“my first novel had just been published”可知，作者是一名作家，因此是写作也变好了。故选B。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：首先，我没有在工作上不堪重负。A. fortunately幸运地；B. smoothly顺利地；C. skilfully熟练地；D. professionally在工作上。根据下文“I am asked to do fewer things now.”可知，作者被要求做的事情减少了，因此是工作上不再不堪重负。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天接触德国人的直率，治愈了我一度强烈的被人喜欢的欲望。A. exposure接触；B. application应用；C. similarity相似；D. reference参考。根据下文“to German directness”可推知，生活在柏林的作者会每天都接触德国人的直率。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地人改用英语时，我很在意，觉得这是我个人的失败。A. officials官员；B. colleagues同事；C. locals当地人；D. customers顾客。根据身为作家的作者在柏林生活，以及下文“switched to English”可推知，此处表示他日常接触的当地人不说德语，改用英语和他交流。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地人改用英语时，我很在意，觉得这是我个人的失败。A. interest兴趣；B. task任务；C. experiment实验；D. failure失败。根据上文“I took it personally when ___13___ switched to English”可知，作者很在意别人和他交流的时候改用英语这件事，结合他在学习德语可推知，他会认为这是自己学习不好导致的，，觉得这是个人的失败。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我得做点什么，这招奏效了。A. paused暂停；B. dropped丢弃；C. worked奏效；D. rushed匆忙。根据下文“I love writing again, love people and love being alive and learning new words.”可知，作者又喜欢写作了，喜欢和人相处，喜欢活着，喜欢学习新单词，因此换到新环境这招是奏效了。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·四川遂宁·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thousands of years ago, Chinese characters appeared on animal bones and silk before they 36 (write) on paper. But now many 37 character has a “new container” in the modern age.
Recently, a research team, drawing every little bit of 38 (inspire) from Xunzi, an outstanding Confucian philosopher during the late Warring States Period (475-221 BC), has rolled out Xunzi, a large language model (LLM) and Xunzi Chat in association with a leading ancient Chinese text publisher. When 39 (ask) why, the team leader explained, “Characters set invertical layout (竖版), the absence of pausing and punctuation are all holding readers back.” 40 (create) Xunzi the LLM, the team first did a lot of research. Since2013, they’ve sweated 41 (heavy) to digitize Chinese classics like the SikuQuanshu. “The hard work involves a large-scale pool of two billion Chinese characters, 42 has laid a solid foundation for the LLM.” Their efforts seem to have paid off. Currently, Xunzi the LLM can translate, punctuate 43 understand some ancient Chinese texts. The model can help us mine for more information hidden in our cultural legacy and find unnoticed models and connections.
The team have shared the LLM on GitHub and other websites, 44 (allow) users to download and use it for free. They’re committed to the philosophy of making the data and model 45 (access) globally.
【答案】36．were written 37．a 38．inspiration 39．asked 40．To create 41．heavily 42．which 43．and 44．allowing 45．accessible
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队近期推出的一项结合古代哲学思想与现代技术的创新项目——古籍大语言模型“荀子”，这是国内首个专门应用于古籍处理与研究的智能工具。
36．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在写在纸上之前，几千年前，汉字就出现在了兽骨和丝绸上。根据句意和时间状语Thousands of years ago可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，且they指代Chinese characters，与write“写”之间为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were written。
37．考查固定短语。句意：但在现代社会，许多汉字有了一个“新容器”。many a“许多”为固定短语。故填a。
38．考查名词。句意：最近，一个研究小组从战国末期（公元前475-221年）杰出的儒家哲学家荀子身上汲取了一点灵感，与一家领先的中国古籍出版商合作，推出了一个大型语言模型（LLM）“荀子”以及Xunzi Chat（荀子聊天）。介词of后接名词作宾语，inspiration意为“灵感”，是不可数名词。故填inspiration。
39．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问及为何这样做时，团队负责人解释说：“竖版排列的字符，没有停顿和标点符号，都阻碍了读者。”当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，本句中ask与the team leader之间是被动关系，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，因此从句完整形式为“When the team leader was asked”，省略后保留过去分词asked。故填asked。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创造荀子这个大型语言模型，团队首先做了大量的研究。本句谓语为did，此处为非谓语动词，应用create“创造”的不定式，作目的状语。故填To create。
41．考查副词。句意：自2013年以来，他们为数字化《四库全书》等中国经典付出了大量辛勤的努力。修饰动词sweated，应用副词heavily，意为“大量地”，作状语。故填heavily。
42．考查定语从句。句意：这项艰苦的工作涉及一个包含20亿个汉字的大规模库，这为大型语言模型奠定了坚实的基础。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
43．考查连词。句意：目前，“荀子”大型语言模型可以翻译、断句并理解一些古代汉语文本。translate、punctuate和understand是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队已在GitHub和其他网站上分享了这个大型语言模型，允许用户免费下载和使用。本句谓语为have shared，此处为非谓语动词，且allow“允许”与逻辑主语The team之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作状语。故填allowing。
45．考查形容词。句意：他们致力于让数据和模型在全球范围内可访问的理念。本空用access的形容词accessible，意为“可访问的”，作宾语the data and model的补足语。故填accessible。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·浙江温州·三模）你校英文报就最近举办的“当英语遇上艺术”(When English Meets The Arts)系列活动开展征文，请你写一篇短文，分享其中让你印象深刻的一项活动，内容包括：
1.活动介绍;2.你的感想
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
When English Meets The Arts
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】When English Meets The Arts
Recently, our school organized a series of activities titled ”When English Meets The Arts". Among them, the activity that left a deep impression on me was the English drama performance.
During the activity, students from different grades cooperated to produce and perform short English dramas. Each drama showcased a unique storyline and creative dialogue, providing a platform for students to showcase their English proficiency and acting skills. Personally, I was deeply impressed by the dedication and teamwork displayed by the students. Despite the challenges of language learning and stage fright, they demonstrated confidence and enthusiasm on stage. Moreover, the dramas not only entertained the audience but also encouraged language learning in a fun and interactive way.
Overall, the English drama performance was a memorable and inspiring experience, highlighting the synergy between language learning and artistic expression. It reinforced the importance of creative approaches in language education and provided valuable opportunities for students to shine on stage.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇征文，分享学校英文报最近举办的“当英语遇上艺术”系列活动中让你印象深刻的一项活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
一系列：a series of →a suite of
合作：cooperate→collaborate
展示：showcase→display
提供：provide→offer
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Each drama showcased a unique storyline and creative dialogue, providing a platform for students to showcase their English proficiency and acting skills.
拓展句：Each drama showcased a unique storyline and creative dialogue, which provided a platform for students to showcase their English proficiency and acting skills.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Among them, the activity that left a deep impression on me was the English drama performance.(运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Overall, the English drama performance was a memorable and inspiring experience, highlighting the synergy between language learning and artistic expression.(运用了现在分词作状语)
第二节 (满分25分)
（23-24高三下·广东韶关·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For more than 20 years I have been traveling the world, preferring often to spend a year or two in different countries rather than to just visit as a tourist. It has become an important part of my personality as I grew older and shaped the way I saw the world and myself.
My little taste of this amazing life was when I was 19 years old. I was selected among a small group of college classmates to spend a year abroad. This was long before people could travel the world through social media like Facebook and Twitter. In order to see a place, you had to go there and experienced it.
I was raised in a middle-class family and couldn’t afford to travel around the world the way I wished I could. The only way I knew about the world outside was through letters I wrote to pen pals from over a dozen countries as a kid, and from television. Growing up, I always loved the very funny British comedies that were shown on local public television every Saturday night. So when I got the chance to apply for a study abroad program, I chose London.
Living abroad can be exciting, scary and challenging. I thought it would be easier because I spoke the same language as the local people did. But I also like to relish (享受) the little differences between the British and American culture and language. I also learned that in England, they spell words differently than in the U. S. In British spelling, they put a “u” in words like favor to make it “favour” and an “s” in words like analyze to make it “analyse”. I was able to adapt quickly to this new way of writing since I was submitting papers all the time for my classes.
Academically, I got to take classes that weren’t offered at my college back home. For example, I had a course in sociology and learned about the native people of Papua New Guinea.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: But there were also challenges that year too.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: Sometimes the difficult times made me sad and homesick.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】But there were also challenges that year too. One of my classes was called “Europe Since 1870”. In the U.S., I would have expected an introductory history class, but in England, I was supposed to have already known the history. Now was the time to analyze it. That meant I not only had to learn the history as I went along but also had to try to write a paper explaining why certain events happened as they did. Despite this, I don’t regret anything about my time in London. Even through painful experiences, I learn to grow.
Sometimes the difficult times made me sad and homesick. But luckily, I met some classmates from all over the world, and these wonderful interactions with people watered down my negative feelings. I met dozens of interesting people from places like France, Greece and Germany, Palestine, and Australia. Learning how to make friends with people from different cultures and backgrounds is really fun. Moreover, interacting with these new friends helps me understand the countries they represent.
【导语】本文以作者对在世界各地旅游的感受为线索展开，讲述了作者在19岁被学校选中去国外度过一年开始，对国外的生活有了一些体会，作者认为在国外生活是令人兴奋的，可怕的又具有挑战性，从语言和英美文化的差异到学习课程的不同，作者从多个角度讲述了自己在国外生活的体会和感受。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“但那一年也有挑战。”可知，第一段可描写作者遇到了什么样的挑战，与上文内容衔接，应讲述与课程相关的挑战。
②由第二段首句内容“有时困难时期使我悲伤和想家。”可知，第二段可描写作者是如何从悲伤和想家中走出来的。
2.续写线索：课程挑战——感受如何——困难时期悲伤——化解悲伤的方式——作者的感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①解释：explaining/clarify/make it clear
②冲淡：watered down/weaken
③交流/互动：interacting with/communicate with
情绪类
①痛苦的：painful/miserable/bitter
【点睛】[高分句型1]. That meant I not only had to learn the history as I went along but also had to try to write a paper explaining why certain events happened as they did. （运用了not only…but also…连接并列句、why引导的宾语从句作explaining的宾语以及as引导的方式状语从句）
[高分句型2]. Learning how to make friends with people from different cultures and backgrounds is really fun. （运用了动名词短语作主语以及“疑问词+to do”结构作learning的宾语）
[高分句型3]. Moreover, interacting with these new friends helps me understand the countries they represent.（运用了动名词短语作主语以及省略关系代词的定语从句）
