2024-2025学年高一上学期期末Unit 4 Natural Disasters课文词汇总复习 任务单（无答案）

Unit 4 Natural Disaster 词汇学习
The Night the Earth didn’t Sleep
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 am on July 28 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night.
At 3:42 am, everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquake of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the nation felt it. A huge crack eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide, cut across houses, roads and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the earthquake was more than 400,000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of the hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Tangshan started to revive itself and get up on its feet again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
文章概要
Strange things were happening in Tangshan. For several days, water in the wells rose and fell. Some smelly gas came out of it. Mice, chickens, pigs and even fish became nervous. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. One third of the nation felt it. Two thirds of the people were dead or injured. Then later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, the city began to breathe again.
Strange things were happening in Heibei. For several days, the water in the wells rose and fell. At least one well had some _____1_____ (smell) gas coming out. Chickens and even pigs were nervous to eat. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to _____2_____ end! One of the _____3_____ (great) earthquake of the 20th century had begun. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! Hard hills of rock _____4_____ (become) rivers of dirt. Two thirds of people _____5_____ (live) there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people _____6_____ were killed or badly injured was more than 400,000. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more _____7_____ (building) fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard _____8_____ (get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. Soldiers and workers came to help those survivors. Slowly, the city began _____9_____(breath) again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts _____10_____ the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6, 500 DEAD
By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed.
In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety,” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.
Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
1.disaster / d zɑ:st (r) / n.灾难；灾害
2. tornado /t : ne d / n.(pl. -oes or-os) 龙卷风；旋风
3.drought / dra t / n.旱灾；久旱
4.landslide / l ndsla d / n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
5.slide / sla d / vi. &vt. (slid, slid) (使）滑行；滑动
6. tsunami / tsu: nɑ:mi / 海啸
7.flood / fl d / n. 洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt使灌满水；淹没
8.volcanic eruption / v l k n k r p n / 火山喷发
9. magnitude / m gn tju:d / n. (地）震级；重大
10. rescue / reskju: / n.&vt. 营救；救援
11. damage / d m d / vt. 损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失
12.destroy/d ’str / vt. 摧毁；毁灭
13.evacuate / v kjue t / vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
14.helicopter / hel k pt (r)/ n. 直升机
15. death/ deθ/ n. 死；死亡
16.affect / ’fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
17．shelter/’ elt / n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避（风、雨或危险）
18. crack /kr k/ n.裂纹；裂缝 vi. &vt. (使）破裂
19.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
20.ruin /’ru: n/ n. &vt. 破坏；毁坏 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
21.percent / p sent / n. 百分之 ….
22.brick /br k/ n. 砖；砖块
23.metal /’metl/ n. 金属
24.shock / k/ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt (使）震惊
25.electricity / lek tr s ti / n.电；电能
26.trap /tr p/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
27. bury / beri / vt. 埋葬；安葬
28.breathe / bri: / vi.&vt.呼吸
29.revive / r va v / vt.& vi复活；（使）苏醒
30.revival / r va vl/ n. 振兴；复苏
31.effort /’ef t / n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
32.unify / ju:n fa / vi.&vt. 统一；（使）成一体
33.wisdom / w zd m / n. 智慧；才智
34.context/ k ntekst / n. 上下文；语境；背景
35.suffer / s f (r) / vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. ( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
suffer from 因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）
36.volcano / v l ke n / n. 火山
37.erupt / r pt / vi.&vt. ( 火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出
38.supply / s pla / n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给
39.typhoon / ta fu:n / n.台风
40.in the open air 露天；在户外
41.hurricane / h r k n / n . ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风
42. survive / s va v/ vt. 幸存；艰难度过 vi.生存；存活
43. power / pa (r) / n.电力供应；力量；控制力
44. tap / t p/ vi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
45.pipe/ pa p/ n.管子；管道
46.whistle / w sl / vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
47.emergency/ i m :d nsi / n. 突发事件；紧急情况
48. calm / kɑ:m / adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
48.aid / e d / n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt. (formal) 帮助；援助
49.kit / k t / n. 成套工具；成套设备 firstaid kit 急救箱
50. on hand现有（尤指帮助）
51.crash / kr / vi.&vt. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞
55. sweep /swi:p/ vt.&vi. ( swept,swept) 打扫；清扫
sweepaway消灭；彻底消除
56.wave / we v / n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt. 挥手；招手
57. strike / stra k / vi.&vt. (struck,struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
58.deliver/ d l v (r) / vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt. 发表
59. summary / s m ri / n. 总结；概括；概要
60.effect / fekt / n.影响；结果；效果
61.length/ le θ/ n.长；长度
Step1 词汇分类记忆
Task 1阅读词汇：
Tornado_____________ 2，landslide ____________ 3，tsunami ____________4，volcanic eruption ____________ 5，magnitude ____________ 6，evacuate ____________
7, helicopter____________ 8, revive ____________ 9, revival ____________ 10, unify ____________ 11, context____________ 12, erupt ____________ ,
13, hurricane____________ 14, tap vi. & vt. ____________; n. ____________ 15, whistle vi.____________； n. ____________ 16, emergency____________
17, crash____________ 18，kit ____________ 19, Ecuador____________ 20, Memphis ____________
21, Alberta____________ 22, ____________
23, Sri Lanka____________ 24, Indonesia____________
25, Thailand ____________ 26, Malaysia____________ 27, Sumatra Island ____________ 28, Chandra Theeravit____________
Task 2 写作词汇
灾难；灾害____________ 2，旱灾；久旱____________ 3， (使)滑行；滑动 ____________
洪水；大量；淹没 ____________ 5，营救；救援____________ 6，损害；迫害____________
摧毁；毁灭____________ 7，死；死亡____________ 8，影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动____________
避难处；居所；保护；掩蔽；躲避____________ 10，裂纹；裂缝____________
似乎；好像；仿佛____________ 12, 破坏；毁坏____________
13，严重损坏；破败不堪_________________
百分之……；每一百中____________ 15，砖；砖块____________ 16，金属____________
震惊；令人震惊的事____________ 18，震惊；吃惊(短语) ____________
电；电能____________ 20，使落入险境____________ 21，埋葬；安葬____________
呼吸____________ 23，努力；艰难的尝试____________ 24，智慧；才智____________
25，遭受；蒙受____________ 26，火山____________
供应；补给____________ 28，台风____________ 29，露天；在户外____________ 30， 生存；幸存____________ 31， 电力供应；能量；力量____________
32，管子；管道____________ 33，镇静的；沉着的____________ 34，援助；帮助____________ 35，first aid kit____________
现有(尤指帮助) ____________ 37，打扫；清扫____________
消灭；彻底消除____________39，波浪；挥手；招手____________
40，侵袭；袭击；击打____________ 41，递送；传达____________
42，总结；概括；概要____________ 43，影响；结果；效果 ____________
44，长；长度____________
Step 2 词汇运用检测
Task 1 Complete the following sentences with the Chinese translation.
They had led the country into economic____________.
他们把国家带入了经济灾难中。
2. The ____________ caused him to waver in his faith.
这件灾难使他对信仰发生了动摇。
3. The entire village was obliterated (completely destroyed) by the ____________.
整个村庄被龙卷风摧毁了。
4. The long ____________ famished many people.
久旱使很多人陷入饥饿。
5. Famine is often the sequel to war or ____________.
饥荒往往是战争或干旱造成的。
6. The heavy rain was responsible for the____________.
山崩应归于下大雨。
7. A ____________ has blocked off traffic moving south towards the motorway.
山崩阻碍了高速公路上向南方行驶的车辆。
8. If you pull this lever, the roof will ____________ back.
拉一下这根杆, 顶就往后滑动。
9. The book ____________ off my knee.
书从我膝上滑落。
10. We are to ____________ the box by exerting a force on it.
我们对箱子施加作用力，使它滑动。
11. After you type your comment you can move it around on the____________.
键入批注后,您可以在幻灯片中移动批注。
12. The entire village was drowned in the ____________.
整个村庄都被海啸淹没了。
13. A terrible ____________ followed the earthquake.
一场骇人的海啸跟随地震而来。
14. The town was destroyed by the ____________ after the storm.
暴风雨后的洪水冲毁了这座城镇。
15. The river had burst its banks and ____________ the valley.
河水冲破堤岸,淹没了山谷。
16. Her child was washed away in the ____________.
她的孩子让洪水给冲走了。
17. Was it a real _______________
真的是火山喷发了吗
18. The temperature of ____________ gases is very high.
火山气体的温度很高。
19. A few days later, Vesuvius was in violent ____________.
几天以后，维苏威火山猛烈爆发了。
20. I want to know the ____________ of this earthquake.
我想知道这次地震的震级。
Task 2单句语法填空：
The magnitude of the epidemic was____________ (frighten).
He dived from the bridge ____________ (rescue) the drowning child.
Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy _______________ (drown).
The rescue attempt ____________ (interrupt)by bad weather.
5. The rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash immediately, ____________ there was no a single survivor.
6. Be careful not ____________ (damage) the priceless vase.
7. Knowing all this, they made me pay____________ the damage.
8. Drinking ____________ smoking can damage your health.
9. If the tree falls that way, it ____________ (destroy)the house.
10. There's been a bomb threat. ____________, we need to evacuate.
11. Please evacuate the building ____________ (immediate).
12. The criminal escaped ____________ helicopter.
13. The shipwrecked sailors were rescued ____________ a helicopter.
14. The officials _______________ (helicopter) aboard the ship.
15. The seedling was frozen to ____________ (die).
16. The farm came to him on his father's death, but he was not ____________ (interest) in being a farmer.
17. She was ____________ (deep) affected by the sad story.
18. The refugees' main ____________ (require) are food and shelter.
19. In the storm I took shelter under the tree, __________, my father told me later, was not a wise choice, because I might be struck by the lightning.
20. These plants must ______________ (shelter) from direct sunlight.
Step 1阅读短文，从备选项中选择合适的词汇，并用其适当形式填空。
备选项：
supply shelter disaster destroy trap affect in ruins cause
It's known that the earthquake is one of the most powerful natural 1. _____________ in the world. And it's difficult to predict (预测) it in advance.
Several years ago, an earthquake which reached a magnitude of 7.8 suddenly hit New Zealand. It struck the South Island, 2. _____________ hundreds of aftershocks and a tsunami.
Some roads and buildings 3. _____________ by the earthquake and its aftershocks. In the coastal town of Kaikoura, a popular whale-watching destination, many people found their water and power 4._____________ cut off. Some parts of the town lay 5. _____________. From all directions, Kaikoura was completely cut off from the outside.
After the earthquake, helicopters and a navy ship were sent there to rescue about 1,000 people who 5. _____________ in the town. The people who lost their homes had to take 6._____________ in the tents.
After touring the 7. _____________ area, John Key, the then New Zealand's Prime Minister predicted that clearing away the debris (瓦砾) and the blocked roads could take months.
根据句意及括号内的汉语提示填空，使句子完整、通顺。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
Wherever you live, it's necessary for you to learn to prepare for some _____________ (紧急状况).
If you are lost in the mountains, stay _____________ (镇静的) in the face of darkness, loneliness and the unknown world.
I know from my science teacher that the body _____________ (长度) of the world's smallest snake is under 4 inches.
It was Tom who helped me _____________ (递送) the books to my uncle yesterday afternoon.
His mother stood there, _____________(挥手) goodbye to her son on the train who was going to the front.
After the lecture, every one of us was asked to write a(n) _____________ (概要) of it by our class teacher.
A small plane _____________ (碰撞) into a mountain five miles east of the city, killing all the people on board.
A powerful typhoon _____________ (袭击) our town several years ago and a large number of people became homeless.
Unfortunately, the little boy had stopped _____________ (呼吸) before he was rescued from the river.
I was _____________ (震惊的) to learn that more than 80 plastic bags were found in the stomach of a dead whale.
三、语法填空。阅读短文，用适当的关系代词填空。
Singapore is one of the foreign countries 1. _____________ left a deep impression on me. I had a holiday in this wonderful country last summer and I stayed there for 5 days. It is a good place for those 2. _____________ love travelling with white shoes because the streets there are extremely clean. During my stay in Singapore, I visited some famous landmarks (地标)3. _____________include the Merlion statue, the Singapore Zoo and the Singapore Botanic Gardens. For me, Singapore is well worth visiting. Firstly, the public transport system there is extremely satisfying. Another thing 4. _____________ attracts me a lot is its multi-cultural nature. During the five days 5. _____________ I spent in Singapore, I met lots of people 6. _____________ nationalities were different from mine. So I got the chance to practice my English by speaking with local people and other tourists. It was really fun.
四、完成句子。根据汉语意思补全句子，每空一词。
1. 洗完手后关掉水龙头，不要让水一直流着。
Turn off the tap after washing your hands. Don't __________________________.
2. 罗伯特拿到奖品时激动得一句话也说不出来。
Robert was __________________________ a word when he took the prize.
3. 我在农场呆了一个星期，帮助我叔叔干农活。
I stayed on the farm for a week, __________________________ do farm work.
4. 似乎这座城市在剧烈的地震后失去了活力。
It seemed ____________________ the whole city lost its life after the powerful earthquake.
5. 这个长句很难理解，我需要向别人求助。
The long sentence is very __________________________ and I need to ask others for help.
6. 我认为有必要在手边备一个急救箱。
I think it necessary to have a first aid kit _____________.
7. 那些在地震中幸存下来的人现在都待在户外。
Those who have survived the earthquake are __________________________.
8. 他同英国的其他英雄一道被埋葬在伦敦的威斯敏斯特教堂。
He _____________ at Westminster Abbey in London, along with other heroes of Britain.
9. 这些药正在被试用于心脏病患者。
The medicine is being used experimentally on patients ___________________ heart disease.
10. 在一个老人的帮助下，汤姆最终知道了如何解决那个难题。
With the help of an old man, Tom finally knew how to _____________ the difficult problem.
11. 他们的房子被洪水彻底毁坏了，所以他们不得不建造新房子。
Their houses __________________________by the flood, so they had to build new ones.