外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 5 A delicate World 单词学案（无答案）

Unit 5 词汇学案
Understanding ideas部分
halfway 合成词 half (一半) + way (n 路)；词块：halfway through
dramatically dramatic (adj 戏剧的) + -al + -ly (副词后缀)
词族：drama, dramatic, dramatically
heritage 词块：a World Heritage Site
inhabitant inhabit (v 居住) + -ant (……人)
subsequently subsequent (adj 随后的) + -ly (副词后缀)
subsequent: sub- (closely 接近地) + sequ (to follow 跟随) +-ent (形容词后缀) → 紧跟其后的 → 随后的
appetite ap- (to 去) + petit (to seek 追求) + -e → 对食物的追求 → 食欲 / 胃口；
词块：give sb an appetite, lose one’s appetite / have no appetite, an appetite for
隐喻：对食物的“胃口”→ 对事物的“胃口”→ 欲望
multiply multi- (many 多) + ply (to fold 折叠) → 折叠多次 → (使) 大量增加；(使) 繁殖 → 乘
加减乘除：add, subtract, multiply, divide
chaos 词源：来自希腊神话故事中的混沌之神卡俄斯 (Chaos)的名字，卡俄斯(Chaos)是希腊神话中最早的的神灵，代表宇宙形成之前模糊一团的景象。
词块：in chaos
conservation con- (表示强调) + serve (to keep safe 使安全) + -ation (名词后缀) → 保护
同根词：preserve, observe, reserve
词族：conserve, conservation, conservationist
decrease de- (down) + crease (to grow) → 向下长 → 减少
注意动词、名词发音不同
反义词：increase
词块：decrease from … to …, decrease by
trap 一词多义，基本义“陷阱”；隐喻：具体的“陷阱” → 抽象的“圈套”
词块：be trapped in
departure depart (v 离开) + -ure (名词后缀)
词块：departure time / gate
immunity immune (adj 免疫的) + -ity (名词后缀)
explode ex- (out 出去) + plod (鼓掌、欢呼) + -e (动词后缀)
词源：古希腊人和古罗马人在观看戏剧时，通过掌声和喝彩声表达喜爱和赞赏之情，而不喜欢演员的表演时，他们也会通过嘘声、倒彩声以及其他各种噪声来表达反感，直到将演员轰下台为止。explode 的本义就是“通过噪声把演员轰下台”。到了18世纪后期， explode 词义慢慢变为“使其突然而又大声地爆发”，后来才完全转变为“突然而又大声地爆发、爆炸”。
词族：explode, explosion, explosive
collapse col (together 一起 / 共同) + laps (to slip, fall 滑、落) + -e (动词后缀) → 一起滑落 → 倒塌 / 坍塌 (基本义)
substantial 英语释义：large in amount, value or importance
词块：a substantial number of, a substantial salary
incident in- (进入、使) + cid (to fall 落下、掉落) + -ent (名词后缀) → 落在人身上的事 → 事件；
同根词：accident
accident 多指偶然或意外发生的不幸的事情，incident 尤指不平常的事件，既可指小事件或小插曲，又可指政治上有影响的事件或事变。
intervention inter- (between 在中间) + ven (to come 来) + -tion (名词后缀) → 来到中间 → 干预；介入
owe 一词多义，基本义“应偿还”
词块：owe sb sth / owe sth to sb, owe sth to sth
ecology eco- (环境的、生态的) + -logy (……学)
派生词：ecological, ecologist
decrease
构词：de- (down) + crease (to grow) → 向下长 → 减少
■ vt & vi（使）减少；（使）减小：
The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
The price of wheat decreased by 15% last year.
People planted trees on the waste hills to decrease water and soil loss.
■ n [C] & [U] 减少；[C] 减少的量 (reduction)：
There has been a decrease in imports.
There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
trap
■ n [C]
①（捕鸟兽）陷阱；夹子；罗网：
set / lay / place a trap for mice
②（陷害人的）圈套；诡计：
fall into / get out of a trap
③ 牢笼；困境：
the unemployment trap
Some people feel that marriage is a trap.
■ vt
① 设陷阱捕捉；夹住；卡住：
It’s cruel to trap birds.
I trapped my coat in the car door.
② 把……困住；使陷入困境：
Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.
③ 留存；储存（气体 / 水等）：
Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
explode v
① vt & vi（使）爆炸 (blow up) ：
explode a bomb
The firework exploded in his hand.
② vi（感情、暴力事件）爆发；激增：
explode with anger
Florida’s population exploded after World War Ⅱ.
【温故】必修二 Unit 4
explosive adj 爆炸（式）的；爆发的
【词汇拓展】
explosion n
① [C] & [U] 爆炸（声）：
The explosion was caused by a burst gas pipe.
② [C]（感情）爆发； 激增：
a population explosion
an explosion in oil price
collapse
构词：col (together 一起 / 共同) + laps (to slip, fall 滑、落) + -e (动词后缀) → 一起滑落 → 倒塌 / 坍塌（基本义）
■ vi
① 倒塌；坍塌：
These homes can easily collapse during earthquakes.
②（因病等）倒下；昏倒；晕倒
In November 2016, Huang collapsed and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer.
③ 崩溃；瓦解 (break down)：
Lots of people lost their jobs when the property market collapsed.
Why Maya civilization collapsed remains a mystery.
■ n
① [U] 倒塌；坍塌：
the collapse of the building
② [U] [单数]倒下；昏倒；晕倒：
She was taken to hospital after her collapse at work.
③ [U] [单数] 崩溃；瓦解：
economic collapse
incident n [C]
①（尤指不平常的）事件 sth that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant：
a shooting incident
Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly.
② 事变：
the July 7th Incident of 1937
incident, accident, affair, event
incident既可指小事件，又可指具有影响力的事变，如犯罪、袭击等。
He could remember every incident in great detail.
the Lugouqiao Incident
accident多指意外或偶然发生的不幸事件。
a traffic accident
affair可指私事或相关的事件，其复数形式affairs一般指公共或政治事务。
Masses of fresh reports and stories keep you up-to-date on world affairs.
event一般指重大事件、活动或体育运动的比赛项目。
the chief events of 2020
The 800 metres is not his best event.
owe vt
owe的词源义是“to have, own”，引申为“用拥有的去支付或偿还”。其基本义为“应偿还”。
① 欠（债） ：
owe sb sth (for sth) / owe sth to sb (for sth):
She still owes her father $5,000. / She still owes $5,000 to her father.
How much do I owe you for lunch
② 应给予：
owe sb sth / owe sth to sb:
I owe him an apology. / I owe an apology to him.
③ 应该把……归功于：
owe sth to sth:
He owes his good health to his regular life.
These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
owing to 因为；由于 (because of)：
Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
本单元金句汇总
1. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
2. There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
3. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.
4. Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
5. I owe him an apology. / I owe an apology to him.
6. Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
随堂检测
decrease
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The new treatment led to a huge decrease __________ the number of deaths.
2. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have __________ (decrease).
3. They decreased the size of the group __________ 25 __________ 15.
4. Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent — a decrease __________ 40 per cent.
5. Campus talks have decreased __________ 10 percent this year.
trap
一、根据句意选出trap的最佳释义。
a.（捕捉鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网
b.（陷害人的）圈套；诡计
c. 牢笼；困境
_______ 1. She set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
_______ 2. The only way to catch mice is to set a trap.
_______ 3. I’ll describe some situations that commonly arise between teenagers and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap.
二、根据句意写出下列句子中trap的汉语释义。
1. She felt trapped in her role of wife and mother. __________
2. The consequences could be serious if we don’t keep reducing emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere. __________
3. I was trapped into signing my name. _________________
explode
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A bomb exploded at one of London’s busiest railway stations this morning. ________
2. The population has exploded in the last ten years. ___________
3. He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter. ________
collapse
根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. When the market for nutria（海狸鼠）collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. _________
2. The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. _________
3. He collapsed following a vigorous（剧烈的）exercise session at his home. _________
4. The enterprise collapsed through lack of support. _________
5. Our plans will collapse unless we get more help. _________
6. Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures. _________
incident
选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
event, accident, incident, affair
1. The __________ caused some damage to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
2. The minister is busy with important __________ of state.
3. During the trip, I was busy recording every __________, name and place I came across in my diary.
4. Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual __________ aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
5. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big __________ could bring in money.
owe
翻译下列句子。
1. 我想我们应该向你道歉。
__________________________________________
2. 多亏了她的帮助，我们成功地启动了发动机。
___________________________, we succeeded in starting the engine.
3. 他认为他的成功是靠运气而不是因为自己有能力。
__________________________________________
4. 谢谢您给我买来这本杂志，我该付您多少钱
Thank you for the magazine you bought for me. ________________________
5. 顺便说一句, 我想你还欠我一些钱。
Incidentally, I think ____________________________.
Developing ideas部分
nutrient 拓展：nutrition
comparison 构词：compare — comparison
词块：make a comparison between sb / sth, by / in comparison (with)
visual vis- (to see 看) + -ual (形容词后缀)
同根词：visit, vision, revise
词块：visual effects
派生词：visually
herbal herb (n 药草) + -al (形容词后缀)
词块：Chinese herbal medicine
mysterious mystery (n 神秘) + -ous (形容词后缀)
status 词块：social status
criterion 复数：criteria
词块：satisfy / meet criteria
prosper 词族：prosper, prosperous, prosperity
rare 熟词生义“(肉) 半熟的、半生的”
派生词：rarely
biological biology (n 生物学) + -ical (形容词后缀)
词族：biology, biological, biologist
apparently apparent (adj 明显的) + -ly (副词后缀)
近义词：obviously, clearly 句子副词
variation vary (v 变化) + -ation (名词后缀)
词族：vary, various, variety, variation, varied
beehive bee (n 蜜蜂) + hive (n 蜂箱)
endangered en- (make 使) + danger (危险) + -ed
词族：danger, dangerous, endanger, endangered
词块：endangered species
elsewhere 合成词 else + where
invasion 构词：invade — invasion
coexist co (共同) + exist (v 存在)
词块：coexist with
secure se- (without 没有) + cure (to care 关心) → 不需要关心的 → 安心的、安全的；
形容词动词化：使安全
词块：a secure job / income
派生词：security
greeting greet (v 问候) + -ing
词块：exchange greetings
comparison
comparison来自compare，学comparison之前需要先复习compare
n [C] & [U] 比较；比拟：
make a comparison between sb / sth
By / In comparison with last year, the price of beef has increased.
compare v
① vt 对比；比较 to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different：
We often make decisions by comparing information.
compare A to / with B 把A同B作比较：
I regularly compare what I think with what others have thought.
Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, compared to / with his old one.
compare A and B 对比A和B：
It’s easier to compare British and American English now that we have the Internet.
② vi 比得上；相比 to be similar to sb / sth else, either better or worse than sb / sth else：
Nothing can compare with a mother’s love.
This house doesn’t compare with our previous one.
③ vt 比喻；比拟：
compare A to B 把A比作B：
We compared the brave man to a lion.
Young people are often compared to the rising sun.
compare notes (with sb) (与某人) 交换意见：
I intended to compare notes with my friends on current affairs.
词族：compare, comparable, comparative, comparison
behalf
in behalf of sb / in sb’s behalf 为了某人；为了某人的利益：
We collect money in behalf of the homeless.
on behalf of sb / on sb’s behalf
① 代表：
I, on behalf of our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely.
② 为了某人；因为某人：
They write letters of recommendation on behalf of students.
Don’t worry on my behalf.
apparently
构词：apparent (adj 明显的) + -ly (副词后缀)
① 明显的；显而易见的 (obvious)：
It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn’t sing.
For no apparent reason, the train suddenly stopped.
②［常用于名词前］表面上的：
He did well in his exams, despite his apparent lack of interest in his work.
adv［句子副词］看来（好像）；显然；据说：
I thought she had retired, but apparently she hasn’t.
I wasn’t there, but apparently the concert was amazing.
什么是句子副词？
句子副词修饰整个句子，通常表示说话人的态度或语气，这类副词通常置于句首，与句子的主要部分相对来说关系不十分紧密，因此常用逗号与它分开。英语中经常用句子副词来连接句子，反映说话人的看法或观点，使语义更丰富、顺畅。写作时可以有意识地使用句子副词，使表达更地道、自然。常见的句子副词有：(un)fortunately, hopefully, interestingly等。
secure adj
构词：se- (without 没有) + cure (to care 关心) → 不需要关心的 → 安心的；安全的
① 安心的；有把握的：
She felt secure when she was with her family.
② 安全的 (safe)；稳妥的；可靠的：
a secure job / income
③ 牢固的；坚固的；稳固的：
Check that all windows and doors are secure.
Keep your passport in a secure place.
secure vt
secure 动词释义来源于形容词，其词源义及基本义为 “to make safe”，即“使安全”。
① 使安全；保卫；获得：
Worrying about community safety, I prefer to secure my house with new technology.
② 使……固定：
He secured the rope firmly to the back of the car.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s down with a rock.
【温故】security n 选必二 Unit 2
se- (without 没有) + cur (to care 关心) + -ity (表示状态) → 不需要关心的状态 → 安全
① [U] 安全：
a sense of security
② [U] 安全工作；保安措施：
security checks / cameras
You have to stay away from the painting for security reasons.
③ [U] 担保；保障；[U] & [C] 抵押品：
financial security
security blanket
本单元金句汇总
1.Young people are often compared to the rising sun.
2. By / In comparison with last year, the price of beef has increased.
3. I, on behalf of our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely.
4. For no apparent reason, the train suddenly stopped.
5. She felt secure when she was with her family.
6. Worrying about community safety, I prefer to secure my house with new technology.
7. You have to stay away from the painting for security reasons.
随堂检测
compare & comparison
一、在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. A _____________ (compare) of this year’s figures (数据) with last year’s shows that the economy (经济) is improving.
2. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, _____________ (compare) with 16% in 1991.
3. In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared _____________ a flesh (肉) and blood person.
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. _____________________ (与……相比较) Westerners, Easterners are likely to examine the eyes more attentively.
2. In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys — 13.8%, far below the national average. ______________ (相比之下), 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky.
3. You can’t __________________ (作比较) between American and Chinese schools — they’re too different.
behalf
根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. Dear American guests, _________________（代表）our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you.
2. I put up the proposal _____________________________（为了你的利益）.
3. I thanked my parents for all their self-sacrifice _________________（为了我）.
apparently
一、在空白处括号内单词的正确形式。
“You have a wonderful daughter,” she said, __________ (apparent) in tears.
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The kids apparently know the truth. __________
2. Apparently, he is weak, but he has hidden strength. __________
3. Apparently our competitor will launch their new product next month. __________
4. It was apparent to all that he was guilty. __________
5. Emma suddenly blushed（脸红）for no apparent reason. __________
secure & security
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Children need to feel secure in order to do well at school. _________
2. We want a secure future for our children. _________
3. She secured the rope firmly to the back of the car. _________
4. She has bought a bicycle and is worried about security. _________
5. It’s standard practice for a company like this one to employ a security guard. _________
6. This insurance plan offers your family financial security in the event of your death. _________
7. If it’s a choice between higher pay and job security, I’d prefer to keep my job._________