2016江苏省高考综合训练二阅读完型以及任务型填空专练(有答案)
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| 名称 | 2016江苏省高考综合训练二阅读完型以及任务型填空专练(有答案) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2016-04-12 21:34:26 | ||
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2016江苏省高考综合训练二
完形填空
A(扬州)
Learning a second la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nguage fuels children’s intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. 36 the fact is, in U.S.A, as in many other English speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the 37 . Eighty-four per cent of US people are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who 38 to speak two or more languages.
No matter how proud p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople are of their cultural roots, to speak anything 39 English is a marker of difference here. That’s why fourteen-year-old Umar is 40 when people comment on the fact that he is able to speak Arabic. Umar’s mother points out: “In U.S.A, it’s not 41 for kids to be bilingual. But, if you speak another language to your children in U.S.A, it is thought that you are not helping them to 42 society.”
But in fact, the gene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ral 43 among experts is that learning a second language is good for children. Experts believe that bilinguals – people who speak 44 languages – have a clear learning advantage 45 their monolingual schoolmates. This 46 on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, 47 they are learning Arabic, French, Chinese or any other language.
Vinss Millon, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a professor of Foreign Language Training, says: “A lot of studies have ___48__ that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more ___49 , but in the end they do as well as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better, in other subjects.”
The view is that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere is a(n) 50 from the effort of learning another language. A few other 51 agree that “Bilinguals tend to use language better as a whole. They also ____52__ greater creativity and problem-solving ability, and they learn further languages more easily”.
With all of the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enefits, why do we not show more 53 for learning other languages Parents and teachers 54 in bilingual education say it is pressure from friends at school, general 55 to other languages in English-speaking countries, and problems in the school system that are to blame.
36. A. And B. So C. But D. Thus
37. A. minimum B. maximum C. minority D. majority
38. A. claim B. pretend C. decide D. plan
39. A. more than ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. less than C. rather than D. other than
40. A. excited B. embarrassed C. disappointed D. appreciated
41. A. common B. unusual C. unique D. general
42. A. fit in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. build up C. contribute to D. figure out
43. A. disti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nction B. commission C. announcement D. agreement
44. A. one B. two C. three D. more
45. A. beneath B. beyond C. over D. of
46. A. determines B. focuses C. comments D. depends
47. A. if B. whether C. when D. because
48. A. rejected B. released C. revealed D. reminded
49. A. slowly B. rapidly C. easily D. efficiently
50. A. outcome B. improvement C. advantage D. tendency
51. A. parents B. learners C. schoolmates D. professors
52. A. display B. produce C. inspire D. discover
53. A. concern B. respect C. enthusiasm D. intelligence
54. A. involved B. impressed C. competing D. replacing
55. A. opinions B. obstacles C. senses D. attitudes
36-40 CCADB 41-45 BADBC 46-50 DBCAB 51-55 DACAD
B(常州)
It is dark now when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I begin my early morning walk in the woods. And now that autumn has marched into winter, darkness persists well beyond my 6 a.m. start time.
Paths have becom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e familiar after years of hiking. But rocks and tree roots have magically appeared from previously 36 ground.
Certainly I hit my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )toe against or 37 on some unseen barriers. Fallen branches from last night’s storm 38 in wait. Layers of autumn leaves create a false floor through which my trusting footsteps 39 . Sometimes a piece of moon donates some 40 to the mystery path. But when skies are dark, there are no 41 clues for where I step.
My very first nig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht hike was during summer camp on a warm August night in the woods. Our leader 42 bright flashlights so we would not scare away the night creatures we hoped to find.
“See with your 43 ,” the leader told us over and over again.
_ 44 , that advice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) took effect. With 45 and courage, it didn’t take long before our feet became 46 to the ground’s textures(质地) and irregularities. Toes learned to 47 for barriers before trusting full weight on feet. Holes and dips in the ground were detected in 48 of possible fall …
But mistakes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )49 happen. My foot gets caught on a trip and I fall. Since the pace is 50 , there is little damage except to pride. Once 51 , I pause to feel the firmness of earth beneath me.
On my way home, as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dawn 52 day, I think about how similar night hikes are to journeys through life.
The same rules often ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 53 for both: slow down, concentration, “see” with new senses — and don’t be 54 . Although the path is full of 55 — hidden barriers, false surface, wet floor — the earth is solid and firm beneath. It is the nature of night ground. It is the nature of life.
36. A. level B. soft C. wet D. hard
37. A. step B. tour C. trip D. go
38. A. stand B. hang C. stain D. lie
39. A. break B. sink C. walk D. remove
40. A. coldness B. light C. loneliness D. courage
36-40 ACDBB
41. A. vague B. typical C. visual D. conscious
42. A. forbade B. shone C. removed D. collected
43. A. eyes B. toes C. hands D. feet
44. A. Directly B. Amazingly C. Possibly D. Luckily
45. A. contri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bution B. appreciation C. concentration D. expectation
41-45 CADBC
46. A. suspicious B. cautious C. tentative D. sensitive
47. A. explore B. head C. clarify D. assess
48. A. need B. search C. advance D. spite
49. A. also B. still C. even D. ever
50. A. rapid B. mild C. slow D. gentle
46-50 DACBC
51. A. up B. down C. out D. away
52. A. makes up fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r B. makes way for C. makes use of D. makes sense of
53. A. work B. apply C. answer D. suit
54. A. disappointed B. confused C. scared D. annoyed
55. A. darkness B. hopelessness C. anxieties D./ uncertainties
51-55 BBACD
阅读理解
A(南通)
I do not know Sybri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )na Fulton. Nor can I claim to understand the depth of her pain. Yet, we share a deep connection. A common feature experienced by those women who face the challenge of raising a Black male child in a nation that far too often views Black male bodies through fear. You see, Ms. Fulton is living my nightmare (恶梦). A constant worry that has stayed in the back of my mind since the birth of my eldest son, some sixteen years ago.
Through the years, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have witnessed the world’s reaction to my son evolve as he has grown from a small boy to a young man. In his early years, his easy smile and lovable character were nothing less than magnetic (有磁性的). Complete strangers would approach him in the street, draw him into conversation, and find themselves easily struck by his lively spirit. Even at that time I worried, how would my son react when in the years to come some of those who found themselves so impressed by this cute, intelligent boy, might grasp their purse tighter as he walked by.
Over the years I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sought to protect his spirit from the hurt that comes from undeserved hatred. I have also sought to arm him with the knowledge that could one day save his life. He knows, for example, that if he is ever pulled over by the police, that he is to keep both hands on the wheel at all times and only reach for his license when the officer is specifically observing his actions. He knows, even in less threatening situations, that rough play and loud interactions with his buddies of any color will be viewed very differently when he does it, than when his white friends display the very same behavior. Still, the truth of the matter is, no amount of advice or voiceless behavior overcomes the physical, immovable fact of the color of his skin. His intelligence, easy smile, and lovable character won’t protect him from unfounded assumptions of criminality.
What makes the Tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yvon Martin travesty (歪曲) of justice so painful to me, personally, is the knowledge that Trayvon’s mother loved her baby no less than I love mine. The various pictures of moments throughout a happy childhood that have now found a home on nationwide newscasts provides clear evidence of that. Yet no amount of love and care, and no words of advice could have saved her son from the cruel killing he faced at the hands of a self-appointed neighborhood watch-dog. And perhaps even worse, nothing could have prepared her for the inhuman way her son has been treated by officials even in death. To think for three long days, his parents searched for him while officials failed to inform them of his fate and instead, performed drug and alcohol tests on his lifeless body, while failing to do the same for his attacker—the only one of the two who indeed had a criminal past is frankly, unforgivable. To know that the words of her son’s killer were given more weight than eye-witnesses and taped evidence of her child’s screams and eventual death must be heartbreaking. But to also have to live with the fact that his attacker still breathes free while her son lays buried underground is certainly more than any sorrowful parent should have to endure (忍受).
It is this type of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pain that is not unfamiliar to the Black experience in America, for this is the Black mothers’ burden. A burden we have endured for centuries. We know the pain of having our newborn babies grabbed from our loving arms to be sold into lifelong servitude (奴役) and to never again experience the warmth of a mother’s loving hug. Yet, there is still the rightful expectation, that in modern-day America, the wheels of justice would not be stopped.
So today, it is my h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ope that Trayvon’s mother, father, family and friends can take some comfort in the fact that millions of Americans of every color stand with them in their fight for justice. This is a burden no family should have to endure alone.
We will not give up.
We will not forget.
We will continue the fight until justice is done.
65. What do you know about Sybrina Fulton
A. She was anx ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ious about her son. B. She was painful to lose her son.
C. She had trou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble in raising her son. D. She had the same dream as the writer.
66. Who does the wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iter actually refer to when mentioning “grasp their purse tighter”
A. Passers- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by. B. White people. C. Teenagers. D. Wealthy people.
67. By “keep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )both hands on the wheel at all times”, the writer means her son should ______.
A. get ready to resist B. remain where he is
C. show his innocence D. pretend to be scared
68. From the story of Trayvon Martin, we can infer that ______.
A. he was killed simply because of his color of skin
B. he was accused of taking drug even after his death
C. he kept silent even when he was being attacked
D. the police failed to find strong evidence against the attacker
69. The article is mainly intended to ______.
A. draw attention ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the facts about killings B. give comfort to the victims’ families
C. appeal for the e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd to the terrible situation D. display hatred for terrible phenomena
70. Which can be the proper title for the passage
A. The cruel killings B. The daily sufferings
C. The black son’s fate D. The black mother’s burden
65-70 BBCACD
B(常州)
“Hypotheses,” said Med ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )awarin 1964, “are imaginative and inspirational in character”; they are “adventures of the mind”. He was arguing in favour of the position taken by Karl Popper that the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not, as is generally believed, inductive.
The myth(误区) o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f scientific method is that it is inductive: that the formulation of scientific theory starts with the basic, raw evidence of the senses — simple, fair, unprejudiced observation. Out of these sensory data — commonly referred to as “facts” — generalisations will form. The myth is that from a disorderly collection of factual information an orderly, relevant theory will somehow come out. However, the starting point of induction is an impossible one.
There is no such ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thing as an unprejudiced observation. Every act of observation we make is a function of what we have seen or otherwise experienced in the past. All scientific work of an experimental or exploratory nature starts with some expectation about the outcome. This expectation is a hypothesis. Hypotheses provide the motivation for the inquiry(探究）,and influence the method. It is in the light of an expectation that some observations are held to be relevant and some irrelevant, that one method is chosen and others abandoned, that some experiments are conducted and others are not.
Hypotheses arise by g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uesswork, or by inspiration, but having been started they can and must be tested thoroughly, using the appropriate method. If the predictions you make as a result of deducing certain consequences from your hypothesis are not shown to be correct then you abandon or adjust your hypothesis. If the predictions turn out to be correct then your hypothesis has been supported and may be kept until such time as some further test shows it not to be correct. Once you have arrived at your hypothesis, which is a product of your imagination, you then move on to a strictly logical and thorough process, based upon deductive argument — therefore the term “hypothetico-deductive”.
So don’t worry if y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou have some idea of what your results will tell you before you even begin to collect data; there are no scientists in existence who really wait until they have all the evidence in front of them before they try to work out what it might possibly mean. The closest we ever get to this situation is when something happens by accident; but even then the researcher has to make a hypothesis to be tested before being sure that, for example, a medicine might prove to be a successful solution to bacterial(细菌) infection.
The hypothetico-d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eductive method describes the logical approach to much research work, but it does not describe the psychological behaviour that brings it about. The psychological behaviour is a much more complicated process — involving guesses, reworkings, corrections, and above all inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component. However, describing the logical approach is like writing the final thesis(毕业论文) or published papers of research work. These theses and papers have been, quite properly, organised into a more logical order so that the worth of the output may be evaluated independently of the behavioural processes by which it was obtained. It is the difference, for example between the academic papers with which Crick and Watson demonstrated the structure of the DNA molecule(分子) and the fascinating book The Double Helix in which Watson (1968) described how they did it. From this point of view, the scientific method may more usefully be thought of as a way of writing up research rather than as a way of carrying it out.
65. What is righ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t about the deductive method and the inductive method according to the author
A. They cannot exist in a research at the same time.
B. The former one is of greater importance than the latter.
C. The latter one is more scientific than the former one.
D. The former is closer to the nature of scientific research.
66. Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing best supports the author’s main opinion shown in paragraph 2
A. Usually facts are more convincing than predictions.
B. People always ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )observe based on what they have seen or experienced.
C. It is impossibl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to generalize disorder facts into orderly theories.
D. People all begin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) scientific work with the observation of evidences.
67. Which of the following about a hypothesis is right？
A. It functions as a guide in the process of a scientific research.
B. It works as a means that can help make unprejudiced observations.
C. It is an expectation unrelated to guesswork and inspiration.
D. It is a prediction which will be arrived at sooner or later.
68. Accordin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to the author, a good scientific research is a process _____________________.
A. starting from details and ending in generalisations
B. where observations play more role than expectations do
C. where hypothesis are gradually tested before finally approved
D. which cannot be started before enough evidences are collected
69. What does the last sentence of the passage mean
A. The hypothetic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o-deductive method plays an important role in describing a research.
B. The scien ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tific method is more a way of describing research than a way of doing it.
C. Describing the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) logical approach is harder than describing the psychological behaviour.
D. Writing up a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scientific research paper is as difficult as carrying out the research.
70. Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )following can best serve as the title of the passage
A. Generalisa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tions of Scientific Theory B. Hypotheses of Scientific Research.
C. The Psychological Behaviour D. The Scientific Method
65-70 DBACBD
C
Mark Twain has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twains most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.)
But the atta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cks were and are silly—and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”
There is muc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’n head Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was diff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech, for example—were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s
A. Twain was more w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illing to deal with racism. B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
C. Twain’s themes seem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to agree with plots. D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.
66. Recent crit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its _____.
A. target readers at the bottom B. anti-slavery attitude
C. rather impolite language D. frequent use of “nigger”
67. What best pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author
A. Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.
B. The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.
C. Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
D. Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
68. The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that _____.
A. slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters
B. slaves’ babies could pick up slave-holders’ way of speaking
C. blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up
D. blacks were born with certain features of prejudice
69. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to
A. The attacks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). B. Slavery and prejudice. C. White men. D. The shows.
70. What does the author mainly argue for
A. Twain had done more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
B. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
C. Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
D. Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
65-70 BDCCDA
D(扬州)
What will higher educ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation look like in 2050 That was the question addressed Tuesday night by Michael Crow, president of Arizona State University.
“We’re at the end of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he fourth wave of change in higher education,” Crow began, arguing that research universities followed the initial establishment of higher education, public colleges, and land-grant schools in the timeline of America.
In less than a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )half-century, he said, global market competition will be at its fastest rates of change ever, with several multitrillion-dollar economies worldwide. According to a recent projection, the nation’s population could reach 435 million, with a large percentage of those residents economically disadvantaged. In addition, climate change will be “meaningfully uncontrollable” in many parts of the world.
The everyday trends se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en today, such as declining performance of students at all levels, particularly in math and science, and declining wages and employment among the less educated, will only continue, Crow maintained, and are, to say the least, not contributing to fulfilling the dream of climbing the social ladder mobility, quality of life, sustainable environment, and longer life spans that most Americans share.
“How is it th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at we can have these great research universities and have negative-trending outcomes ” Crow said in a talk “I hold the universities accountable. … We are part of the problem.”
Among the “th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ings that we do that make the things that we teach less learnable,” Crow said, are the strict separation of disciplines, academic rigidity, and conservatism, the desire of universities to imitate schools at the top of the social ranks, and the lack of the computer system ability that would allow a large number of students to be educated for a small amount of money.
Since 2002, when C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )row started being in charge at Arizona State — which he calls the “new American university” — he has led more than three dozen initiatives that aim to make the school “inclusive, scalable, fast, adaptive, challenge-focused, and willing to take risks.”
Among those initiati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ves were a restructuring of the engineering and life sciences schools to create more linkages between disciplines; the launch of the School of Earth and Space Exploration and the School of Sustainability; the start of a Teachers College to address K-12 performance and increase the status of the Education Department at the university; and broadened access, increasing the freshman class size by 42 percent and the enrollment of students living below the poverty line by 500 percent.
Universities must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) start, Crow noted, “by becoming self-reflective architects, figuring out what we have and what we actually need instead of what legend tells us we have to be.” Research universities today have “run their course,” he added. “Now is the time for variety.”
During a discussi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on afterward, Crow clarified and expanded on some of his points. He discussed, for example, the school’s distance-learning program. “Nearly 40 percent of undergraduates are taking at least one course online,” he said, which helps the school to keep costs down while advancing interactive learning technologies.
He said that A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rizona State is working to increase the transfer and completion rates of community-college students, of whom only about 15 percent, historically, complete their later degrees. “We’ve built a system that will allow them to track into universities,” particularly where “culturally complex barriers” beyond finances limit even the most gifted students.
66. The fourth w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave of change in America’s higher education refers to _______.
A. public colleges ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. land-grant schools C. research universities D. initial higher education
67. Which is NOT part of the American dream most people share
A. People enjoy a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quality life. B. People live longer and longer.
C. The freedom to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) move around. D. An environment that is sustainable.
68. Which is an in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itiative adopted by Crow at Arizona State University
A. Restructuring ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the teachers College. B. Launching the School of Life Sciences.
C. Ignoring ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the linkages between disciplines. D. Enrolling more students from poor families.
69. Which one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is similar to the underlined word “architect” in meaning
A. The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession.
B. If you want to refurnish the house, consult the architect.
C. Deng Xiaoping is one of the architects of the PRC.
D. Tom is considered one of the best landscape architect here.
70. With the dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tance-learning program, Arizona State University is able to ______.
A. enroll 40% of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )its students online B. keep costs down without a loss of quality
C. provide an even ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) greater number of courses D. attract the most gifted students all over the world
66-70 CCDCB
任务型阅读理解
A(常州)
In China, as in m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any countries, the north-south divide runs deep. People from the north are seen as hale and hearty, while southerners are often portrayed as cunning, cultured traders. Northerners are taller than southerners. The north eats noodles, while the south eats rice—and according to new research, when it comes to personality, that difference has meant everything.
A study published F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China’s noodle-slurping northerners are more independent, show more “analytic thought” and divorce more frequently. By contrast, the authors write, rice-eating southerners show more qualities traditionally associated with East Asian culture, including more “holistic thought” and lower divorce rates.
The reason Cult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ivating rice, the authors say, is a lot harder. Picture a rice paddy, its delicate seedlings tucked in a bed of water. They require careful tending and many hours of labor—by some estimates, twice as much as wheat—as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation. As the authors write, for southerners growing rice, “strict self-reliance might have meant starvation.”
Growing whea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, by contrast, the north’s staple grain, is much simpler. One Chinese farming guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that “if one is short of labor power, it is best to grow wheat.”
To produce their fin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dings, the authors evaluated the attitudes of 1,162 Han Chinese students in Beijing and Liaoning in the north and in Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan in the south. To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south—such as climate, dialect and contact with herding cultures—the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five central provinces along China’s rice-wheat border.
According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) authors, the influence of rice cultivation can help explain East Asia’s “strangely persistent interdependence.” For example, they say South Korea and Japan have remained less individualistic than Western countries, even as they’ve grown wealthier.
The authors aren ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture. Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book “Outliers” also drew connections between a hard-working ethic (measured by a willingness to fill out long, boring questionnaires) and a historical tradition of rice cultivation in places such as South Korea and Japan, given that the farming of such crops is arguably an equally boring chore.
How China’s North-south Divide Has Influence on____71____ Personality
___72____ in personality China’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) northerners ____73____ on noodles, and they are thought of as hale, hearty and taller with more __74___ and “analytic thought” as well as Higher divorce rates.
On the contrary, the southerners prefers eating rice and have more “holistic thought” and lower divorce rates.
Reasons Planting rice n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeds twice more ___75___ than planting wheat.
Cultivating rice relies on irrigation system that requires neighbors to___76___ well.
If you are over independent, you might___77____ in the south.
If you are ____78_____ in labor power, it is best to grow wheat in the north.
The Research The attitud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es of 1162 Han Chinese students were evaluated.
Other unrelated factors like climate, dialect and herding cultures were carefully ___79___
The result shows the influence of rice cultivation can result in more cooperation and explain East Asia’s “strangely persistent interdependence”
Another __80__observation Malcolm Gladw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ell also found the influence crops have on culture in his 2008 book “Outliers”.
五．任务型
71.Shaping 72.Difference(s)/Distinction(s) 73. feed (live)
74. independence 75.labor 76.cooperate 77.starve
78. lacking (weak) 79.controlled 80.similar(related, relevant)
B(南通)
Ambition is the driv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing force behind every great accomplishment yet, on the other hand, it’s a constant voice urging you to do more. 【When ambition bothers you, it feels like no matter how much you accomplish or how hard you work, you haven’t done enough. This kind of fear always stays hidden in you. You fear not because you are unsuccessful but because you are unsatisfied with yourself. If you can’t control ambition, your mind becomes painful.】 Then how can you manage your ambition Here are some suggestions for you.
● Each year most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of us set goals. Most of us also file away those goals until the clock strikes midnight 12 months later. 【But goals, not unlike objectives that are set by a board (董事会) in a business, are unfixed things. What’s a priority in January seems laughable in December. So hold your personal board meeting each quarter. During this meeting, review your goals, analyze your performance over the period,】 【find what you wish to accomplish and what can wait and then make necessary adjustments to your goals. 】Breaking yearly goals into quarters allows you to appreciate the progress you’ve made. Day by day it can be hard to miss all the great stuff you’ve been doing.
● It’s tough not to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) get caught up in the success of others. Almost daily, “overnight successes” fill the webs, often with people much younger than you.【 If this is the benchmark (参照点) that you compare yourself to, it’s tough to feel like you’re doing enough. In reality, with this benchmark, it’s impossible to do enough. When you’re chasing others, you’re chasing a finish line that’s always developing and never ending.】 Remember, the success of others is not your roadmap or path to happiness.
● Complacency (自满) s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ounds like a bad word, but not if it’s selective. 【The reality is that certain things take time, regardless of how much you’d like them to move quicker. 】Other things can move with your help. Seeing the difference between the two is where selective complacency comes into play. Every now and again, you’ll need to select complacency. 【Some things take patience so you have to focus on the things that need your attention without the distraction of what’s to come.】
Every single p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erson you admire struggles with managing their ambition. We all face feelings of mediocrity (平庸), not doing enough, not making enough, not winning enough. So the mental side of our career is extremely challenging. It reveals that ambition means power, but only if you know how to use it.
Is Your Ambition Holding You Back
Passage outline Supporting details
71 aspects of ambition ● Ambition m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay force you to do more.● Your worry is from not living up to your potential instead of from 72 .
Suggestions Hold personal board meetings ● Processes and prog ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ress of your task should be checked in a certain period.● You should 73 immediate goals from short-term or long-term ones.●Goals can be 74 according to present circumstances and priorities.
Avoid 75 withothers ●It’s natural that many people make more achievements than you.● Trying to catch up with them may become your mental 76 .
Practice “selective complacency” ● Some things can’t be done 77 while others need your help.● You can feel sati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sfied with 78 on the base of knowing the point. ● You should be 79 and pay special attention to them.
Closing remarks ● Ambition may bother everyone.● Ambition is 80 as long as you can take advantage of it.
71. Negative 72 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). failure 73. distinguish/tell/discriminate/differentiate 74. adjusted/modified
pariso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns/comparing 76. burden/pressure 77. immediately/instantly/quickly
78. yourself/your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )selves 79. patient 80. powerful/positive/ helpful/meaningful/useful
完形填空
A(扬州)
Learning a second la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nguage fuels children’s intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. 36 the fact is, in U.S.A, as in many other English speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the 37 . Eighty-four per cent of US people are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who 38 to speak two or more languages.
No matter how proud p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople are of their cultural roots, to speak anything 39 English is a marker of difference here. That’s why fourteen-year-old Umar is 40 when people comment on the fact that he is able to speak Arabic. Umar’s mother points out: “In U.S.A, it’s not 41 for kids to be bilingual. But, if you speak another language to your children in U.S.A, it is thought that you are not helping them to 42 society.”
But in fact, the gene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ral 43 among experts is that learning a second language is good for children. Experts believe that bilinguals – people who speak 44 languages – have a clear learning advantage 45 their monolingual schoolmates. This 46 on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, 47 they are learning Arabic, French, Chinese or any other language.
Vinss Millon, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a professor of Foreign Language Training, says: “A lot of studies have ___48__ that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more ___49 , but in the end they do as well as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better, in other subjects.”
The view is that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere is a(n) 50 from the effort of learning another language. A few other 51 agree that “Bilinguals tend to use language better as a whole. They also ____52__ greater creativity and problem-solving ability, and they learn further languages more easily”.
With all of the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enefits, why do we not show more 53 for learning other languages Parents and teachers 54 in bilingual education say it is pressure from friends at school, general 55 to other languages in English-speaking countries, and problems in the school system that are to blame.
36. A. And B. So C. But D. Thus
37. A. minimum B. maximum C. minority D. majority
38. A. claim B. pretend C. decide D. plan
39. A. more than ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. less than C. rather than D. other than
40. A. excited B. embarrassed C. disappointed D. appreciated
41. A. common B. unusual C. unique D. general
42. A. fit in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. build up C. contribute to D. figure out
43. A. disti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nction B. commission C. announcement D. agreement
44. A. one B. two C. three D. more
45. A. beneath B. beyond C. over D. of
46. A. determines B. focuses C. comments D. depends
47. A. if B. whether C. when D. because
48. A. rejected B. released C. revealed D. reminded
49. A. slowly B. rapidly C. easily D. efficiently
50. A. outcome B. improvement C. advantage D. tendency
51. A. parents B. learners C. schoolmates D. professors
52. A. display B. produce C. inspire D. discover
53. A. concern B. respect C. enthusiasm D. intelligence
54. A. involved B. impressed C. competing D. replacing
55. A. opinions B. obstacles C. senses D. attitudes
36-40 CCADB 41-45 BADBC 46-50 DBCAB 51-55 DACAD
B(常州)
It is dark now when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I begin my early morning walk in the woods. And now that autumn has marched into winter, darkness persists well beyond my 6 a.m. start time.
Paths have becom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e familiar after years of hiking. But rocks and tree roots have magically appeared from previously 36 ground.
Certainly I hit my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )toe against or 37 on some unseen barriers. Fallen branches from last night’s storm 38 in wait. Layers of autumn leaves create a false floor through which my trusting footsteps 39 . Sometimes a piece of moon donates some 40 to the mystery path. But when skies are dark, there are no 41 clues for where I step.
My very first nig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht hike was during summer camp on a warm August night in the woods. Our leader 42 bright flashlights so we would not scare away the night creatures we hoped to find.
“See with your 43 ,” the leader told us over and over again.
_ 44 , that advice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) took effect. With 45 and courage, it didn’t take long before our feet became 46 to the ground’s textures(质地) and irregularities. Toes learned to 47 for barriers before trusting full weight on feet. Holes and dips in the ground were detected in 48 of possible fall …
But mistakes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )49 happen. My foot gets caught on a trip and I fall. Since the pace is 50 , there is little damage except to pride. Once 51 , I pause to feel the firmness of earth beneath me.
On my way home, as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dawn 52 day, I think about how similar night hikes are to journeys through life.
The same rules often ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 53 for both: slow down, concentration, “see” with new senses — and don’t be 54 . Although the path is full of 55 — hidden barriers, false surface, wet floor — the earth is solid and firm beneath. It is the nature of night ground. It is the nature of life.
36. A. level B. soft C. wet D. hard
37. A. step B. tour C. trip D. go
38. A. stand B. hang C. stain D. lie
39. A. break B. sink C. walk D. remove
40. A. coldness B. light C. loneliness D. courage
36-40 ACDBB
41. A. vague B. typical C. visual D. conscious
42. A. forbade B. shone C. removed D. collected
43. A. eyes B. toes C. hands D. feet
44. A. Directly B. Amazingly C. Possibly D. Luckily
45. A. contri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bution B. appreciation C. concentration D. expectation
41-45 CADBC
46. A. suspicious B. cautious C. tentative D. sensitive
47. A. explore B. head C. clarify D. assess
48. A. need B. search C. advance D. spite
49. A. also B. still C. even D. ever
50. A. rapid B. mild C. slow D. gentle
46-50 DACBC
51. A. up B. down C. out D. away
52. A. makes up fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r B. makes way for C. makes use of D. makes sense of
53. A. work B. apply C. answer D. suit
54. A. disappointed B. confused C. scared D. annoyed
55. A. darkness B. hopelessness C. anxieties D./ uncertainties
51-55 BBACD
阅读理解
A(南通)
I do not know Sybri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )na Fulton. Nor can I claim to understand the depth of her pain. Yet, we share a deep connection. A common feature experienced by those women who face the challenge of raising a Black male child in a nation that far too often views Black male bodies through fear. You see, Ms. Fulton is living my nightmare (恶梦). A constant worry that has stayed in the back of my mind since the birth of my eldest son, some sixteen years ago.
Through the years, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have witnessed the world’s reaction to my son evolve as he has grown from a small boy to a young man. In his early years, his easy smile and lovable character were nothing less than magnetic (有磁性的). Complete strangers would approach him in the street, draw him into conversation, and find themselves easily struck by his lively spirit. Even at that time I worried, how would my son react when in the years to come some of those who found themselves so impressed by this cute, intelligent boy, might grasp their purse tighter as he walked by.
Over the years I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sought to protect his spirit from the hurt that comes from undeserved hatred. I have also sought to arm him with the knowledge that could one day save his life. He knows, for example, that if he is ever pulled over by the police, that he is to keep both hands on the wheel at all times and only reach for his license when the officer is specifically observing his actions. He knows, even in less threatening situations, that rough play and loud interactions with his buddies of any color will be viewed very differently when he does it, than when his white friends display the very same behavior. Still, the truth of the matter is, no amount of advice or voiceless behavior overcomes the physical, immovable fact of the color of his skin. His intelligence, easy smile, and lovable character won’t protect him from unfounded assumptions of criminality.
What makes the Tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yvon Martin travesty (歪曲) of justice so painful to me, personally, is the knowledge that Trayvon’s mother loved her baby no less than I love mine. The various pictures of moments throughout a happy childhood that have now found a home on nationwide newscasts provides clear evidence of that. Yet no amount of love and care, and no words of advice could have saved her son from the cruel killing he faced at the hands of a self-appointed neighborhood watch-dog. And perhaps even worse, nothing could have prepared her for the inhuman way her son has been treated by officials even in death. To think for three long days, his parents searched for him while officials failed to inform them of his fate and instead, performed drug and alcohol tests on his lifeless body, while failing to do the same for his attacker—the only one of the two who indeed had a criminal past is frankly, unforgivable. To know that the words of her son’s killer were given more weight than eye-witnesses and taped evidence of her child’s screams and eventual death must be heartbreaking. But to also have to live with the fact that his attacker still breathes free while her son lays buried underground is certainly more than any sorrowful parent should have to endure (忍受).
It is this type of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pain that is not unfamiliar to the Black experience in America, for this is the Black mothers’ burden. A burden we have endured for centuries. We know the pain of having our newborn babies grabbed from our loving arms to be sold into lifelong servitude (奴役) and to never again experience the warmth of a mother’s loving hug. Yet, there is still the rightful expectation, that in modern-day America, the wheels of justice would not be stopped.
So today, it is my h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ope that Trayvon’s mother, father, family and friends can take some comfort in the fact that millions of Americans of every color stand with them in their fight for justice. This is a burden no family should have to endure alone.
We will not give up.
We will not forget.
We will continue the fight until justice is done.
65. What do you know about Sybrina Fulton
A. She was anx ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ious about her son. B. She was painful to lose her son.
C. She had trou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble in raising her son. D. She had the same dream as the writer.
66. Who does the wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iter actually refer to when mentioning “grasp their purse tighter”
A. Passers- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by. B. White people. C. Teenagers. D. Wealthy people.
67. By “keep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )both hands on the wheel at all times”, the writer means her son should ______.
A. get ready to resist B. remain where he is
C. show his innocence D. pretend to be scared
68. From the story of Trayvon Martin, we can infer that ______.
A. he was killed simply because of his color of skin
B. he was accused of taking drug even after his death
C. he kept silent even when he was being attacked
D. the police failed to find strong evidence against the attacker
69. The article is mainly intended to ______.
A. draw attention ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the facts about killings B. give comfort to the victims’ families
C. appeal for the e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd to the terrible situation D. display hatred for terrible phenomena
70. Which can be the proper title for the passage
A. The cruel killings B. The daily sufferings
C. The black son’s fate D. The black mother’s burden
65-70 BBCACD
B(常州)
“Hypotheses,” said Med ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )awarin 1964, “are imaginative and inspirational in character”; they are “adventures of the mind”. He was arguing in favour of the position taken by Karl Popper that the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not, as is generally believed, inductive.
The myth(误区) o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f scientific method is that it is inductive: that the formulation of scientific theory starts with the basic, raw evidence of the senses — simple, fair, unprejudiced observation. Out of these sensory data — commonly referred to as “facts” — generalisations will form. The myth is that from a disorderly collection of factual information an orderly, relevant theory will somehow come out. However, the starting point of induction is an impossible one.
There is no such ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thing as an unprejudiced observation. Every act of observation we make is a function of what we have seen or otherwise experienced in the past. All scientific work of an experimental or exploratory nature starts with some expectation about the outcome. This expectation is a hypothesis. Hypotheses provide the motivation for the inquiry(探究）,and influence the method. It is in the light of an expectation that some observations are held to be relevant and some irrelevant, that one method is chosen and others abandoned, that some experiments are conducted and others are not.
Hypotheses arise by g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uesswork, or by inspiration, but having been started they can and must be tested thoroughly, using the appropriate method. If the predictions you make as a result of deducing certain consequences from your hypothesis are not shown to be correct then you abandon or adjust your hypothesis. If the predictions turn out to be correct then your hypothesis has been supported and may be kept until such time as some further test shows it not to be correct. Once you have arrived at your hypothesis, which is a product of your imagination, you then move on to a strictly logical and thorough process, based upon deductive argument — therefore the term “hypothetico-deductive”.
So don’t worry if y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou have some idea of what your results will tell you before you even begin to collect data; there are no scientists in existence who really wait until they have all the evidence in front of them before they try to work out what it might possibly mean. The closest we ever get to this situation is when something happens by accident; but even then the researcher has to make a hypothesis to be tested before being sure that, for example, a medicine might prove to be a successful solution to bacterial(细菌) infection.
The hypothetico-d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eductive method describes the logical approach to much research work, but it does not describe the psychological behaviour that brings it about. The psychological behaviour is a much more complicated process — involving guesses, reworkings, corrections, and above all inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component. However, describing the logical approach is like writing the final thesis(毕业论文) or published papers of research work. These theses and papers have been, quite properly, organised into a more logical order so that the worth of the output may be evaluated independently of the behavioural processes by which it was obtained. It is the difference, for example between the academic papers with which Crick and Watson demonstrated the structure of the DNA molecule(分子) and the fascinating book The Double Helix in which Watson (1968) described how they did it. From this point of view, the scientific method may more usefully be thought of as a way of writing up research rather than as a way of carrying it out.
65. What is righ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t about the deductive method and the inductive method according to the author
A. They cannot exist in a research at the same time.
B. The former one is of greater importance than the latter.
C. The latter one is more scientific than the former one.
D. The former is closer to the nature of scientific research.
66. Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing best supports the author’s main opinion shown in paragraph 2
A. Usually facts are more convincing than predictions.
B. People always ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )observe based on what they have seen or experienced.
C. It is impossibl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to generalize disorder facts into orderly theories.
D. People all begin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) scientific work with the observation of evidences.
67. Which of the following about a hypothesis is right？
A. It functions as a guide in the process of a scientific research.
B. It works as a means that can help make unprejudiced observations.
C. It is an expectation unrelated to guesswork and inspiration.
D. It is a prediction which will be arrived at sooner or later.
68. Accordin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to the author, a good scientific research is a process _____________________.
A. starting from details and ending in generalisations
B. where observations play more role than expectations do
C. where hypothesis are gradually tested before finally approved
D. which cannot be started before enough evidences are collected
69. What does the last sentence of the passage mean
A. The hypothetic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o-deductive method plays an important role in describing a research.
B. The scien ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tific method is more a way of describing research than a way of doing it.
C. Describing the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) logical approach is harder than describing the psychological behaviour.
D. Writing up a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scientific research paper is as difficult as carrying out the research.
70. Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )following can best serve as the title of the passage
A. Generalisa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tions of Scientific Theory B. Hypotheses of Scientific Research.
C. The Psychological Behaviour D. The Scientific Method
65-70 DBACBD
C
Mark Twain has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twains most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.)
But the atta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cks were and are silly—and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”
There is muc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’n head Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was diff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech, for example—were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s
A. Twain was more w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illing to deal with racism. B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
C. Twain’s themes seem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to agree with plots. D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.
66. Recent crit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its _____.
A. target readers at the bottom B. anti-slavery attitude
C. rather impolite language D. frequent use of “nigger”
67. What best pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author
A. Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.
B. The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.
C. Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
D. Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
68. The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that _____.
A. slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters
B. slaves’ babies could pick up slave-holders’ way of speaking
C. blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up
D. blacks were born with certain features of prejudice
69. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to
A. The attacks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). B. Slavery and prejudice. C. White men. D. The shows.
70. What does the author mainly argue for
A. Twain had done more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
B. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
C. Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
D. Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
65-70 BDCCDA
D(扬州)
What will higher educ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation look like in 2050 That was the question addressed Tuesday night by Michael Crow, president of Arizona State University.
“We’re at the end of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he fourth wave of change in higher education,” Crow began, arguing that research universities followed the initial establishment of higher education, public colleges, and land-grant schools in the timeline of America.
In less than a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )half-century, he said, global market competition will be at its fastest rates of change ever, with several multitrillion-dollar economies worldwide. According to a recent projection, the nation’s population could reach 435 million, with a large percentage of those residents economically disadvantaged. In addition, climate change will be “meaningfully uncontrollable” in many parts of the world.
The everyday trends se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en today, such as declining performance of students at all levels, particularly in math and science, and declining wages and employment among the less educated, will only continue, Crow maintained, and are, to say the least, not contributing to fulfilling the dream of climbing the social ladder mobility, quality of life, sustainable environment, and longer life spans that most Americans share.
“How is it th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at we can have these great research universities and have negative-trending outcomes ” Crow said in a talk “I hold the universities accountable. … We are part of the problem.”
Among the “th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ings that we do that make the things that we teach less learnable,” Crow said, are the strict separation of disciplines, academic rigidity, and conservatism, the desire of universities to imitate schools at the top of the social ranks, and the lack of the computer system ability that would allow a large number of students to be educated for a small amount of money.
Since 2002, when C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )row started being in charge at Arizona State — which he calls the “new American university” — he has led more than three dozen initiatives that aim to make the school “inclusive, scalable, fast, adaptive, challenge-focused, and willing to take risks.”
Among those initiati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ves were a restructuring of the engineering and life sciences schools to create more linkages between disciplines; the launch of the School of Earth and Space Exploration and the School of Sustainability; the start of a Teachers College to address K-12 performance and increase the status of the Education Department at the university; and broadened access, increasing the freshman class size by 42 percent and the enrollment of students living below the poverty line by 500 percent.
Universities must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) start, Crow noted, “by becoming self-reflective architects, figuring out what we have and what we actually need instead of what legend tells us we have to be.” Research universities today have “run their course,” he added. “Now is the time for variety.”
During a discussi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on afterward, Crow clarified and expanded on some of his points. He discussed, for example, the school’s distance-learning program. “Nearly 40 percent of undergraduates are taking at least one course online,” he said, which helps the school to keep costs down while advancing interactive learning technologies.
He said that A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rizona State is working to increase the transfer and completion rates of community-college students, of whom only about 15 percent, historically, complete their later degrees. “We’ve built a system that will allow them to track into universities,” particularly where “culturally complex barriers” beyond finances limit even the most gifted students.
66. The fourth w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave of change in America’s higher education refers to _______.
A. public colleges ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. land-grant schools C. research universities D. initial higher education
67. Which is NOT part of the American dream most people share
A. People enjoy a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quality life. B. People live longer and longer.
C. The freedom to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) move around. D. An environment that is sustainable.
68. Which is an in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itiative adopted by Crow at Arizona State University
A. Restructuring ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the teachers College. B. Launching the School of Life Sciences.
C. Ignoring ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the linkages between disciplines. D. Enrolling more students from poor families.
69. Which one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is similar to the underlined word “architect” in meaning
A. The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession.
B. If you want to refurnish the house, consult the architect.
C. Deng Xiaoping is one of the architects of the PRC.
D. Tom is considered one of the best landscape architect here.
70. With the dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tance-learning program, Arizona State University is able to ______.
A. enroll 40% of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )its students online B. keep costs down without a loss of quality
C. provide an even ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) greater number of courses D. attract the most gifted students all over the world
66-70 CCDCB
任务型阅读理解
A(常州)
In China, as in m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any countries, the north-south divide runs deep. People from the north are seen as hale and hearty, while southerners are often portrayed as cunning, cultured traders. Northerners are taller than southerners. The north eats noodles, while the south eats rice—and according to new research, when it comes to personality, that difference has meant everything.
A study published F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China’s noodle-slurping northerners are more independent, show more “analytic thought” and divorce more frequently. By contrast, the authors write, rice-eating southerners show more qualities traditionally associated with East Asian culture, including more “holistic thought” and lower divorce rates.
The reason Cult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ivating rice, the authors say, is a lot harder. Picture a rice paddy, its delicate seedlings tucked in a bed of water. They require careful tending and many hours of labor—by some estimates, twice as much as wheat—as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation. As the authors write, for southerners growing rice, “strict self-reliance might have meant starvation.”
Growing whea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, by contrast, the north’s staple grain, is much simpler. One Chinese farming guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that “if one is short of labor power, it is best to grow wheat.”
To produce their fin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dings, the authors evaluated the attitudes of 1,162 Han Chinese students in Beijing and Liaoning in the north and in Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan in the south. To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south—such as climate, dialect and contact with herding cultures—the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five central provinces along China’s rice-wheat border.
According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) authors, the influence of rice cultivation can help explain East Asia’s “strangely persistent interdependence.” For example, they say South Korea and Japan have remained less individualistic than Western countries, even as they’ve grown wealthier.
The authors aren ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture. Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book “Outliers” also drew connections between a hard-working ethic (measured by a willingness to fill out long, boring questionnaires) and a historical tradition of rice cultivation in places such as South Korea and Japan, given that the farming of such crops is arguably an equally boring chore.
How China’s North-south Divide Has Influence on____71____ Personality
___72____ in personality China’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) northerners ____73____ on noodles, and they are thought of as hale, hearty and taller with more __74___ and “analytic thought” as well as Higher divorce rates.
On the contrary, the southerners prefers eating rice and have more “holistic thought” and lower divorce rates.
Reasons Planting rice n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeds twice more ___75___ than planting wheat.
Cultivating rice relies on irrigation system that requires neighbors to___76___ well.
If you are over independent, you might___77____ in the south.
If you are ____78_____ in labor power, it is best to grow wheat in the north.
The Research The attitud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es of 1162 Han Chinese students were evaluated.
Other unrelated factors like climate, dialect and herding cultures were carefully ___79___
The result shows the influence of rice cultivation can result in more cooperation and explain East Asia’s “strangely persistent interdependence”
Another __80__observation Malcolm Gladw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ell also found the influence crops have on culture in his 2008 book “Outliers”.
五．任务型
71.Shaping 72.Difference(s)/Distinction(s) 73. feed (live)
74. independence 75.labor 76.cooperate 77.starve
78. lacking (weak) 79.controlled 80.similar(related, relevant)
B(南通)
Ambition is the driv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing force behind every great accomplishment yet, on the other hand, it’s a constant voice urging you to do more. 【When ambition bothers you, it feels like no matter how much you accomplish or how hard you work, you haven’t done enough. This kind of fear always stays hidden in you. You fear not because you are unsuccessful but because you are unsatisfied with yourself. If you can’t control ambition, your mind becomes painful.】 Then how can you manage your ambition Here are some suggestions for you.
● Each year most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of us set goals. Most of us also file away those goals until the clock strikes midnight 12 months later. 【But goals, not unlike objectives that are set by a board (董事会) in a business, are unfixed things. What’s a priority in January seems laughable in December. So hold your personal board meeting each quarter. During this meeting, review your goals, analyze your performance over the period,】 【find what you wish to accomplish and what can wait and then make necessary adjustments to your goals. 】Breaking yearly goals into quarters allows you to appreciate the progress you’ve made. Day by day it can be hard to miss all the great stuff you’ve been doing.
● It’s tough not to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) get caught up in the success of others. Almost daily, “overnight successes” fill the webs, often with people much younger than you.【 If this is the benchmark (参照点) that you compare yourself to, it’s tough to feel like you’re doing enough. In reality, with this benchmark, it’s impossible to do enough. When you’re chasing others, you’re chasing a finish line that’s always developing and never ending.】 Remember, the success of others is not your roadmap or path to happiness.
● Complacency (自满) s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ounds like a bad word, but not if it’s selective. 【The reality is that certain things take time, regardless of how much you’d like them to move quicker. 】Other things can move with your help. Seeing the difference between the two is where selective complacency comes into play. Every now and again, you’ll need to select complacency. 【Some things take patience so you have to focus on the things that need your attention without the distraction of what’s to come.】
Every single p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erson you admire struggles with managing their ambition. We all face feelings of mediocrity (平庸), not doing enough, not making enough, not winning enough. So the mental side of our career is extremely challenging. It reveals that ambition means power, but only if you know how to use it.
Is Your Ambition Holding You Back
Passage outline Supporting details
71 aspects of ambition ● Ambition m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay force you to do more.● Your worry is from not living up to your potential instead of from 72 .
Suggestions Hold personal board meetings ● Processes and prog ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ress of your task should be checked in a certain period.● You should 73 immediate goals from short-term or long-term ones.●Goals can be 74 according to present circumstances and priorities.
Avoid 75 withothers ●It’s natural that many people make more achievements than you.● Trying to catch up with them may become your mental 76 .
Practice “selective complacency” ● Some things can’t be done 77 while others need your help.● You can feel sati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sfied with 78 on the base of knowing the point. ● You should be 79 and pay special attention to them.
Closing remarks ● Ambition may bother everyone.● Ambition is 80 as long as you can take advantage of it.
71. Negative 72 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). failure 73. distinguish/tell/discriminate/differentiate 74. adjusted/modified
pariso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns/comparing 76. burden/pressure 77. immediately/instantly/quickly
78. yourself/your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )selves 79. patient 80. powerful/positive/ helpful/meaningful/useful