Unit 4 Space Exploration 单词讲解清单（讲义）-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

B3U4 词汇学案
astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
mental adj. 精神的；思想的 physical adj. 身体上的 mentally adv. 在精神上
mentality n. 智力；心性
intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 intelligence n. 智力
vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
universe n. 宇宙；天地万物 universal adj. 普遍的；宇宙的；全世界的
determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 determination n. 决心
be determined to do sth. 决定做某事 a determined look 坚定的表情
determine to do sth. 决定做某事 determine on/ upon sth. 决心；决定
launch vt.&n. 发射；发起；上市 launch a satellite/ rocket 发射卫星/火箭
mankind n. 人类
agency n. （政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处
transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送 transmit --- transmitted --- transmitted; transmitting
transmission n. 传递；传送 transmitter n. 传送者；发射台
transmit desease to humans 把疾病传播给人类
data n. （pl) 资料；数据 data bank 资料库 data base 数据库
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮丧 disappointment n. 失望 disappointing adj. 让人失望的
be disappointed at/ by sth. 对---感到失望 be disappointed in / with sb. 对某人失望
She was disappointed at the result. 她对那结果感到失望。
be disappoointed to do sth. 做---而感到失望 He was disappointed to hear the news.
be disappointed that --- 因---失望 I was disappointed that our team had lost the game.
in disappointment 失望地 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire (sb.) to do sth. 渴望（某人）做某事 desire that--- 渴望---
He had a strong desire for success. = He had a strong desire to succeed. 他非常渴望成功。
desire 作动词后接宾语从句，以及desire 作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用 “should + 动词原形”， should 可省略。
He desires that her mother (should) come at once. = She desires her mother to come at once.
我们一直希望同邻居和睦相处。
carry on 继续做；坚持干
carry on doing sth. carry on with sth. 继续做某事
Whatever difficulty we meet with, we will carry on with the project.
不管遇到什么困难，我们都将继续这项工程。
carry out 实施；执行 carry sb,. through 帮助某人渡过难关
ongoing adj. 持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
independently adv. 独立地；自立地 independent adj. 独立的；自立的
independence n. 独立；自主 gain independence from 脱离--- --- 获得独立
be independent of --- 不依赖--- ---
The job will make him independent of his parents. 有了这份工作，他就不必依赖父母生活了。
signal vt.&vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
signal --- signaled--- signaled; signal --- signalled --- signalled
signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
The policeman signalled (to) the children to cross the road when the traffic lights turned green.
Usually a red light is regarded as a danger signal. 红灯通常被看作一种危险信号。
in the hope of doing sth. 抱着--- 的希望 in hope (s) of doing sth.
in the hope that --- 希望；期待---
She lived in hopes of seeing one of her sons succeed.
她生活的寄托就是期望儿子当中有人能出人头地。
I studied hard in the hope that I could be admitted into a key university.
so as to do sth. 为了；以便 in order to do sth.
在句中可替换；位于句首时，只用in order to do sth.
He got up early in order to/ so as to catch the first bus.
In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.
recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的 recycling n. 回收利用
muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
lack n. 缺乏;短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏 lacking adj. 缺乏的
lack of sth. 缺乏某物 for lack of sth. 因为缺乏某物 lack (for) sth. 缺乏某物
be lacking in sth. 缺乏某物
As he is very rich he lacks for nothing. 他很富有，什么都不缺。
Despite his lack of experience, he got the job. 尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。
float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂流 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
otherwise adv. 否则；要不然
Thanks for your help, otherwise I wouldn’t have finished my task on schedule.
beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
beyond one’s power 在某人的能力之外 beyond imagination 想象不出来
solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的；阳历的 solar system 太阳系 lunar 阴历的
solar power 太阳能 solar calendar 阳历
current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮
currently adv. currency n. 通用；通货
fluent - fluency; efficient --- efficiency; sufficient --- sufficiency
accurate --- accuracy;
private --- privacy
figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 sufficiency n. 充足；足够
be sufficient for sth. 足够的 be sufficient to do sth. 足够做某事
1500 yuan will be sufficient for the dress. 1500 元够买那件衣服了。
facility n. 设施；设备 （常用复数形式 facilities)
public facilities 公共设施 sports facilities 体育设施 facilities for study 研究设备
keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
be keen on（doing) sth. 热衷于(做）某事 be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事
globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪 global adj. 全世界的；总体的
all over the globe 全世界 global peace 世界和平 global warming 全球变暖
argue vt.&vi. 论证；争辩；争论 argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
argue that --- 主张/认为 --- --- argue for/ against (doing) sth. 赞成/反对 （做）某事
argue sb. into/ out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue with sb. About/ over sth. 就某事与某人争吵
They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.
他们就度假的最佳去处互相争论起来。
fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 a fatal disease 致命的疾病
The blow on his head was fatal to him. 打在头部的重击是他的致命伤。
shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
a shallow person 一个肤浅的人 a shallow stream 一条浅的小溪
result in 导致；造成 (+结果） result from 由于；源自 （+原因）
as a result 结果；因此 as a result of 由于
His illness resulted from the cold weather. = The cold weather resulted in his illness.
天气寒冷致使他生病了。
pattern n. 模式；图案；模范
a paper pattern for a dress 服装的纸型 a pattern wife 模范太太
analysis n. 分析；分析结果 （pl）analyses analyse/ analyze vt. 分析
monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
regularly adv. 经常；定期地 regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
irregular adj. 不规则的
a regular job 固定工作 on a regular basis 定期地
take/ do exercise regularly 定期锻炼
resource n. 资源；财力；物力 (常用复数) natural resources 自然资源
limited adj. 有限的 limit vt. 限制；限定 n. 范围；界限；限度；极限
be limited to --- --- 局限于 --- --- limit --- to --- 把--- --- 限制在 --- --- 内
There is a limit to life, but no limit to serving the people.
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. supply sb. with sth.= supply sth. to sb.
为某人提供某物
closing adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭
in closng 最后 the closing ceremony 闭幕式
mystery n. 神秘事物；谜 mysterious adj. 神秘的 remain a mystery 仍然是个谜
harmony --- harmonious; glory --- glorious; vitory --- vitorious
run out 用完；耗尽 （vi) = give out run out of = use up (vt.)
Our money gave out.= Our money ran out. = We ran out of/ used up our money.
我们的钱用完了。
Our money is running out. 我们的钱快用完了。
attach vt. 系；绑；贴 attachment n. 附属；眷恋
attach sth. to sth. 把--- --- 固定在/ 附在 --- --- 上
attach importance to (doing) sth. 认为--- 很重要 (to 介词）
be attached to 喜欢；附属于---
Attach a recent photograph to your application form. 申请表上贴近照一张。
My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.
我的父母总是很重视我接受良好的教育。
He is deeply attached to the old typewriter. 他非常爱惜那台旧打字机。
oxygen n. 氧气；氧