2025年中考英语题型之完形填空解题技巧 课件(共18张PPT)

(共18张PPT)
中考题型
完形填空
解题技巧和真题演练
如果完形填空的篇幅适中，总时长可控制在 15 - 20 分钟。首先，用 3 - 5 分钟快速通读全文，了解文章主旨、体裁和大致内容，这一步很关键，能为后续答题提供整体语境。
接着，用 10 - 12 分钟瞻前顾后初选答案。遇到空格时仔细分析上下文，结合词汇、语法和逻辑关系选择。对于一时难以确定的，可以先标记，继续往下做。
最后，留 2 - 3 分钟复核检查。把所选答案代入原文，重点检查语法是否正确，比如时态、单复数等，同时查看文章内容是否连贯，逻辑是否通顺。合理的时间分配有助于在保证准确率的同时完成题目。
在考试中的时间分配建议
首先，从语言知识角度看，它能有效巩固词汇。在完形填空中，需要辨析近义词、反义词，熟悉词汇搭配，这促使我们精准理解和记忆单词的含义与用法，扩充词汇量。同时，对语法知识也是很好的检验，包括时态、语态、从句等语法点的运用，帮助我们强化语法规则。
其次，在阅读理解能力方面，完形填空要求我们理解文章的主旨、细节和逻辑关系。通过不断练习，能提升我们把握文章整体结构的能力，学会依据上下文推断信息，增强阅读推理能力，这对理解各种体裁的文章都有极大帮助。
再者，从应试角度讲，完形填空是中考等重要考试的常见题型。熟练掌握完形填空技巧可以提高考试成绩，增强我们应对考试的信心，为升学等目标打下坚实的语言基础。
学会完形填空的重要性
做题技巧
一、解题步骤
通读全文
在开始做题之前，先快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容、主题和体裁。例如，是记叙文、说明文还是议论文。如果是记叙文，要明确故事的人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果；如果是说明文，要清楚说明的对象和主要特征等。
此时不要急于看选项填空，重点是把握文章的整体语境，就像在看一部电影的预告片，对整个故事有个初步印象。
瞻前顾后，初选答案
开始逐句阅读并填空。当遇到一个空时，要结合上下文来选择答案。例如，考虑空白处前后的词汇、语法结构、逻辑关系等。
如果是考查词汇，要注意词语的搭配。比如，“make a decision”（做决定），“take part in”（参加）等固定搭配。如果是考查语法，要根据句子的时态、语态、词性等来判断。例如，句子中有 “yesterday” 这个时间状语，那么句子的时态很可能是一般过去时。
对于一些逻辑关系的考查，要注意连接词。如 “but” 表示转折，“and” 表示并列或顺承，“because” 表示原因等。例如，“He is rich but not happy.”（他很富有但不开心）中的 “but” 体现了转折关系。
复核检查
完成所有填空后，要把所选的答案代入原文，重新通读一遍文章。检查文章的内容是否连贯，语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理。
特别要注意一些细节，如单复数是否一致、时态是否统一等。比如，如果文章前面用的是 “a book”，后面指代它的时候应该用 “it” 而不是 “they”；如果前面是一般现在时，后面没有特殊情况也应该是一般现在时。
二、具体技巧
词汇方面
利用词汇复现：文章中有时会重复出现相同或相关的词汇。例如，前文提到了 “book”，后面可能会用 “reading materials” 等与之相关的词汇来指代。所以在做题时要留意这些词汇线索，帮助确定答案。
注意近义词和反义词：有些题目会考查近义词或反义词的辨析。如 “big” 和 “large” 是近义词，“big” 比较口语化，“large” 更正式；“hot” 和 “cold” 是反义词。要根据语境选择最合适的词汇。
语法方面
分析句子结构：明确句子的主语、谓语、宾语等成分，有助于判断所缺的部分。例如，一个句子缺少谓语动词，就要从选项中的动词中选择合适的时态和语态的动词。
考虑从句引导词：如果是复合句，要注意从句的引导词。如定语从句中，“which” 指代物，“who” 指代人；状语从句中，“when” 引导时间状语从句，“where” 引导地点状语从句等。
逻辑方面
把握上下文逻辑关系：除了注意连接词，还要从语义上理解句子之间的关系。比如，在描述事件发展时，要按照合理的顺序选择答案。如果前文说 “先洗手”，后面可能是 “然后吃饭” 之类的内容。
根据生活常识和文化背景推理：有些题目可以利用生活常识来解答。例如，在一篇关于西方节日的文章中，提到圣诞节，我们就可以根据对圣诞节的了解，如人们会互赠礼物、装饰圣诞树等知识来选择合适的词汇填空。
五、检查核对
完成填空后，要认真检查。检查内容包括语法是否正确，单词拼写有无错误，所填单词是否符合上下文的语境和逻辑关系等。可以把自己填好的单词代入原文，再通读一遍文章，看看是否通顺自然。
当堂训练
I have a good friend. His name is Tom. Tom is a(n) 1____ boy. He always has many interesting ideas. But he can be very 2____ and doesn't always do what he's told.
One day, our teacher Mr. Smith 3____ us to draw a picture of a tree. After about ten minutes, most of us had finished our pictures. I looked over at Tom's paper. He had drawn a big circle (圆圈) and some lines under it. It 4____ like a strange (奇怪的) UFO!
I tried not to laugh. I 5____ to Tom, "What's that supposed to be "
Tom didn't answer. He just kept on 6____.
Mr. Smith came over to Tom's desk. He looked at the picture and said, "Tom, this is a very interesting tree. Can you tell us 7____ it's a tree "
Tom stood up and said, "I drew the roots (根) under the ground first, and this big circle is the earth. The lines coming out of it are the 8____ of the tree."
We all 9____ and Mr. Smith smiled too. "Tom, you have a very creative (有创意的) mind," he said. "But next time, please follow the 10____."
A. lazy B. creative C. shy D. quiet
A. stubborn (固执的) B. kind C. helpful D. careful
A. taught B. allowed C. asked D. showed
A. smelled B. tasted C. looked D. sounded
A. smiled B. pointed C. listened D. whispered
A. drawing B. thinking C. talking D. reading
A. when B. where C. why D. how
A. leaves B. branches C. trunks (树干) D. flowers
A. cried B. laughed C. shouted D. agreed
A. rules B. steps C. orders D. examples
答案：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A
答案解析
B。根据后文 “He always has many interesting ideas.” 可知汤姆总是有很多有趣的想法，所以他是一个有创造力的（creative）男孩。
A。从 “doesn't always do what he's told” 可以推断出他很固执（stubborn），不总是按照别人说的做。
C。“ask sb. to do sth.” 意思是 “要求某人做某事”，这里是老师要求我们画一棵树，所以选 C。
C。“look like” 意思是 “看起来像”，这里是说它看起来像一个奇怪的 UFO，所以用 C。
D。根据语境，“我不想笑，我小声对汤姆说（whispered）”，whisper 有 “小声说，耳语” 的意思。
A。前文提到他在画画，这里 “keep on doing sth.” 表示 “继续做某事”，所以他继续画画（drawing）。
C。老师问他为什么（why）这是一棵树，符合语境。
B。从常识和语境判断，从地球（那个圆圈）出来的线应该是树枝（branches），叶子（leaves）一般是长在树枝上的，树干（trunks）不会是线条状的，花（flowers）也不符合这里描述的线条形状。
B。根据后文 “Mr. Smith smiled too” 可知我们都笑了（laughed）。
A。“follow the rules” 意思是 “遵守规则”，老师说汤姆有创意，但是下次要遵守规则，符合文意。
Once there was a king. He was wise but everyone was afraid of him. His face showed the sadness deep in his heart. So there were deep 1 lines（皱纹）on his face.
In his country lived a beautiful girl. Everyone seemed to love her, so did the king. He wanted to 2 her, and finally he decided to speak to her of his love. After he dressed in his best clothes, he looked in the 3 , but he saw a hard face, 4 when he tried to smile.
“How about wearing a mask（面具） ” he thought. Then he ordered his magician to paint a mask that looked kind and happy and handsome. The magician 5 and said: “But you must keep your own face in the same lines that I paint and be kind to all people from your heart. If not, the mask will break.” The mask looked so 6 that no one knew it was not the true face of the king. Months passed, the beautiful lady got married to the king, and the king treated everyone 7 to keep the mask from breaking.
At last, the king didn't want to 8 his beautiful wife anymore. So he asked the magician to take the mask off. Surprisingly, he found his face was just like the mask he had worn for so long!
This story tells us that a man is 9 is in his heart. If someone is kind and polite to others, his face will become as kind and beautiful as his 10 . But if someone is not good at heart, his face will become as ugly as his heart.
A. ugly B. kind C. beautiful D. peaceful
A. love B. hate C. kill D. marry
A. wall B. door C. mirror D. window
A. yet B. even C. just D. still
A. looked B. refused C. agreed D. laughed
A. sad B. happy C. natural D. serious
A. badly B. kindly C. coldly D. differently
A. talk to B. listen to C. hear from D. look after
A. which B. what C. that D. who
A. heart B. face C. eyes D. mask
答案：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A
答案解析
A。根据前文 “His face showed the sadness deep in his heart.” 可知国王脸上的皱纹是因为内心的悲伤，所以这些皱纹是 “丑陋的（ugly）”。
D。从后文 “Months passed, the beautiful lady got married to the king” 可知国王想娶（marry）这个女孩。
C。“look in the mirror” 意思是 “照镜子”，国王穿上最好的衣服后照镜子，所以选 C。
B。“even” 表示 “甚至”，这里是说他甚至在努力微笑的时候，看到的也是一张冷酷的脸。
C。从后文魔法师提出要求，以及国王按照要求去做，可推断魔法师同意（agreed）了国王的请求。
C。根据 “no one knew it was not the true face of the king” 可知面具看起来很自然（natural）。
B。为了不让面具破裂，国王友善地（kindly）对待每个人。
A。“talk to sb.” 意思是 “和某人交谈”，这里是说国王不想再和他美丽的妻子交谈。
B。“what a man is” 在句中作表语从句，意思是 “一个人本质是什么样的”。
A。根据前文内容，如果一个人内心善良有礼貌，他的脸会变得和他的心（heart）一样善良和美丽。
真题演练
2024 年广东省中考英语完形填空真题
Betty is a biologist. She studies brain diseases that come along with aging. Her 1 is not an easy one. She is trying to understand what goes wrong with the brain over time, and how people can age in a healthy way. It is very important, especially when people are living a 2 life now.
Betty does not have a natural gift (天赋) for math. She never 3 that she could be a scientist one day when she was little. Now, she has got a doctor’s degree in biology and become a famous 4 researcher. Betty has made it partly because she is curious about everything. This is a very 5 quality for a scientist. Another 6 is that she is a creative thinker. “After all, science is all about problem-solving,” Betty said.
Betty thinks the best part of her research is trying out an idea to see if it will work. Her heart is filled with joy when her idea is proved right and 7 by other scientists. But when things don’t go 8 as she plans, she feels no disappointment. She says mistakes may 9 a new idea.
Few are born to be a 10 . According to Betty, curiosity and creativity play the biggest role.
A. job B. book C. excuse D. exam
A. slower B. longer C. quieter D. simpler
A. argued B. reported C. thought D. understood
A. social B. medical C. educational D. environmental
A. poor B. strange C. similar D. important
A. reason B. example C. purpose D. decision
A. changed B. accepted C. described D. questioned
A. safely B. crazily C. blindly D. smoothly
A. mix with B. turn down C. lead to D. break down
A. dentist B. lawyer C. coach D. scientist
答案：A根据前文 “Betty is a biologist.” 可知这里在说她的工作（job），她研究大脑疾病这个工作并不容易。
答案：B现在人们的寿命（longer）更长了，所以研究大脑随着年龄增长出现的疾病就显得尤为重要，这样人们才能健康地变老。
答案：C她小时候从来没有想（thought）过自己有一天会成为一名科学家，因为她没有数学天赋。
答案：B她是一名生物学家，研究大脑疾病，所以是医学（medical）研究员。
答案：D对于一个科学家来说，好奇心是非常重要的（important）品质，这也是她能在科研领域有所成就的部分原因。
答案：A前文提到她能成功部分是因为好奇心，这里说另一个原因（reason）是她是一个有创造性思维的人。
答案：B当她的想法被证明是正确的并且被其他科学家接受（accepted）时，她满心欢喜。
答案：D当事情没有像她计划的那样顺利（smoothly）进行时，她也不失望。
答案：C她说错误可能会引出（lead to）一个新的想法，体现了她对失败的积极看法。
答案：D根据前文对她作为科学家的品质和经历的描述，这里说很少有人天生就是科学家（scientist），好奇心和创造力起了很大的作用。
答案：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D
Almost every Saturday morning, Molly pulls a table into her front yard. On the table she lays out some 1 in season, such as carrots and tomatoes. They are all from her garden and free for her neighbors to 2 . “It’s just lovely, like you walk by and get a beautiful gift around the corner,” said a neighbor.
Molly started doing this in the summer of 2020. Earlier that year, a fire broke out in her house. Molly’s 3 had a hard time. “People in the community came to 4 . They brought us food and often called to make sure we were doing fine. I was deeply 5 ,” Molly said.
Then the pandemic (疫情) came. Molly and her family had much time to 6 in their garden. They decided to 7 what they grew in their garden.
No one knew about it at first. But 8 , people got into the habit of coming around. They would stop by and leave with some vegetabl es. Molly ‘s yard became a 9 place.
One thing Molly has learned from this experience is that people have to work together when days are 10 . She is glad that love has spread in this community.
A. fruits B. flowers C. leaves D. vegetables
A. look at B. take away C. give up D. throw away
A. family B. class C. office D. team
A. cry B. see C. help D. rest
A. moved B. interested C. tired D. bored
A. play B. work C. sleep D. dance
A. eat B. sell C. share D. cook
A. sadly B. slowly C. badly D. carefully
A. clean B. small C. terrible D. popular
A. difficult B. sunny C. short D. cool
答案 D根据下文 “such as carrots and tomatoes” 可知，此处指的是一些蔬菜，故选 D。fruits 水果；flowers 花；leaves 叶子，均不符合文意.
答案 B这些蔬菜是免费给邻居的，邻居可以拿走。look at 看；give up 放弃；throw away 扔掉，均不符合语境，take away 拿走，符合文意，故选 B.
答案 A前文提到火灾发生在她的房子里，所以是莫莉的家人经历了一段艰难的时光，故选 A。class 班级；office 办公室；team 团队，均不符合题意.
答案 C由后文 “他们给我们带来食物，还经常打电话确保我们一切安好” 可知，社区里的人来帮忙了，故选 C。cry 哭；see 看见；rest 休息，不符合语境.
答案 A社区的人来帮忙，所以莫莉很感动，moved 感动的，符合文意。interested 感兴趣的；tired 劳累的；bored 无聊的，均不符合题意.
答案 B从下文 “他们决定分享他们在花园里种植的东西” 可以推断出，莫莉和她的家人有很多时间在花园里干活，故选 B.
答案 C前文提到社区的人帮助莫莉一家，此处他们决定分享种植的东西作为回报，share 分享，符合语境，故选 C。eat 吃；sell 卖；cook 烹饪，不符合文意.
答案 B一开始没人知道这件事，后来人们逐渐养成了来的习惯。slowly 缓慢地，渐渐地，符合语境，故选 B。sadly 悲伤地；badly 严重地；carefully 仔细地，均不符合题意.
答案 D从一开始没人知道，到后来人们会停下来带走一些蔬菜，可知莫莉的院子变成了一个受欢迎的地方，popular 受欢迎的，符合文意，故选 D。clean 干净的；small 小的；terrible 糟糕的，不符合语境.
答案 A此处和前文 “had a hard time” 相照应，指当日子艰难的时候，人们必须一起奋斗，difficult 困难的，符合语境，故选 A。sunny 晴朗的；short 短的；cool 凉爽的，均不符合题意.
答案：1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
总结
从语言学习角度看，它能巩固词汇和语法知识。通过对词汇的辨析、搭配，以及语法规则在语境中的运用，让我们更好地掌握语言基础。例如，在填空时要考虑单词的正确形式，像名词单复数、动词时态等。
在阅读理解方面，完形填空提升我们理解篇章的能力。需要把握文章主旨、细节和逻辑关系，学会根据上下文推断含义，这有助于提高阅读速度和理解的准确性，无论是应对考试还是日常阅读都很有帮助。
从思维能力培养来讲，它锻炼逻辑思维。在分析上下文、选择合适词汇的过程中，我们的逻辑推理能力得到加强，学会从整体和局部思考问题。