2025年中考英语题型之阅读理解做题技巧课件(共21张PPT)

(共21张PPT)
中考题型
阅读理解
解题技巧和真题演练
短文阅读（A 篇）
对于比较简单的短文阅读（通常是第一篇），如果文章篇幅较短，词汇和句子结构相对简单，每篇可以分配 5 - 7 分钟。这包括阅读文章和回答问题的时间。例如，文章是一篇 200 - 300 词左右的记叙文，讲述一个简单的校园故事或者生活趣事，你可以快速浏览文章，抓住主要人物、事件和时间线索，然后回答问题。
中等难度阅读（B、C 篇）
对于中等难度的文章，每篇可以安排 7 - 10 分钟。这类文章可能会涉及一些科普知识、社会现象或者人物传记等内容，词汇和语法会稍微复杂一些。在阅读过程中，需要花费更多时间来理解文章细节、逻辑关系和作者意图。例如，一篇科普文章介绍一种新的环保技术，可能会有一些专业术语，你需要仔细阅读相关段落来回答问题。
在考试中的时间分配建议
学会阅读理解在考试中至关重要。首先，其分值占比高，像中高考英语中，阅读理解部分分值可达总分的 30% - 40%，直接影响成绩优劣。其次，它能全面考查综合语言能力，包括词汇语法、句子结构与逻辑，以及作者意图推断等。例如通过分析长难句和理解上下文逻辑，才能准确把握文意。再者，阅读内容涉及多学科知识，如语文的历史文化、英语的科普知识等，有助于跨学科知识的运用与巩固。最后，阅读理解具有明显区分度，能拉开考生分数差距。阅读能力强的考生可快速答题得高分，而能力弱的考生则易失分，所以掌握阅读理解对考试成功起着关键作用。
学会阅读理解的重要性
做题技巧
一、阅读前
快速浏览题目
在阅读文章之前，先浏览阅读理解的题目和选项，明确题目类型。例如，是细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题还是词义猜测题。这可以帮助你在阅读过程中有针对性地寻找答案。
圈出题目中的关键词，如人名、地名、时间、数字以及一些具有特殊意义的动词或形容词等。这些关键词能够引导你在文中快速定位相关信息。
预测文章内容
根据题目和选项，尝试推测文章的主题和大致内容。例如，如果题目中多次出现 “环保活动” 相关的词汇，那么可以预测文章可能是关于环保活动的开展情况、意义或问题等方面的内容。
二、阅读过程中
精读与略读结合
略读：快速浏览文章的标题、首尾段和每段的首句、尾句，了解文章的大致结构和主要内容。一般来说，文章的开头会引出主题，结尾会总结观点或得出结论。例如，在一篇记叙文里，开头可能介绍故事发生的背景和人物，结尾则点明故事的寓意或人物的成长变化。
精读：针对题目涉及的部分以及文章中的重要细节、复杂句子进行仔细阅读。遇到长难句时，可以通过分析句子结构来理解其含义。例如，对于含有从句的长句，可以先找出主句的主谓宾，再分析从句的作用和内容。
标记重点信息
在阅读过程中，将与题目相关的重要信息，如人物观点、事件细节、时间顺序等，用铅笔标记出来。这样在回答问题时可以快速找到依据，节省时间。
对于一些不理解的词汇或句子，可以暂时标记，先根据上下文猜测其含义。如果猜测后仍然不影响对文章整体的理解，可以继续阅读；如果是理解文章关键部分的重要词汇，则需要结合语境、词根词缀等方法进行推断。
把握文章逻辑关系
注意文章中的逻辑连接词，如 “but”“however”“therefore”“in addition”“because” 等。这些词能够帮助你理解文章的行文思路和句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系。例如，“but” 和 “however” 表示转折关系，重点往往在转折后的内容；“therefore” 表示因果关系，其后的内容通常是前面原因导致的结果。
三、阅读后
仔细分析题目
对于细节理解题，要确保选项中的内容与原文一致，注意选项中是否存在偷换概念、张冠李戴等情况。例如，原文说的是 “A 做了某事”，选项中却写成 “B 做了某事”，这就是典型的张冠李戴。
推理判断题需要在理解原文的基础上，根据文章提供的信息进行合理的推断。这种推断不能超出文章所给的范围，不能仅凭自己的主观臆断。例如，文章提到 “主人公每天都努力学习，成绩也越来越好”，可以合理推断出 “努力学习对主人公的成绩有积极影响”，但不能推断出 “主人公将来一定会成为科学家”。
主旨大意题要从整体上把握文章内容，避免选择过于片面或只涉及文章细节的选项。可以通过总结各段大意来归纳文章的主题。例如，如果文章各段分别讲述了一个环保项目的背景、实施过程和取得的成效，那么主旨大意应该是关于这个环保项目的整体情况，而不是只关注其中某一个环节。
词义猜测题可以根据上下文的线索来判断单词或短语的含义。这些线索包括定义解释、举例说明、同义词或反义词等。例如，文中提到 “Anomaly，such as a strange behavior or an unusual event”，通过 “such as” 后的举例，就可以猜出 “anomaly” 是 “异常情况” 的意思。
语法方面
分析句子结构：明确句子的主语、谓语、宾语等成分，有助于判断所缺的部分。例如，一个句子缺少谓语动词，就要从选项中的动词中选择合适的时态和语态的动词。
考虑从句引导词：如果是复合句，要注意从句的引导词。如定语从句中，“which” 指代物，“who” 指代人；状语从句中，“when” 引导时间状语从句，“where” 引导地点状语从句等。
检查答案
将所选答案代入原文，看是否符合文章的逻辑和内容。同时，检查是否回答完整了所有题目，避免漏答。
通过熟练运用这些技巧，并结合大量的阅读练习，你可以在中考阅读理解部分取得更好的成绩。
当堂训练
Passage 1
In the modern world, we are surrounded by technology. Smartphones have become an essential part of our lives. They allow us to communicate with others, access information, and even do business on the go.
One of the most popular features of smartphones is the mobile app. There are apps for almost everything. For example, there are fitness apps that can track your steps, monitor your heart rate, and suggest workout routines. There are also educational apps that provide online courses, language - learning tools, and study guides.
However, with the increasing use of smartphones and apps, there are also some concerns. One problem is the over - reliance on technology. People may become so addicted to their phones that they ignore the real world around them. Another issue is privacy. Many apps collect user data, and sometimes this data may be misused.
Despite these problems, the benefits of smartphones and apps cannot be ignored. They have changed the way we live and work. As long as we use them responsibly, they can continue to be a valuable tool.
Questions:
1. What is the main idea of this passage
A. To introduce the functions of smartphones.
B. To discuss the problems caused by smartphones.
C. To talk about both the advantages and disadvantages of smartphones and apps.
D. To show how smartphones and apps have changed our lives.
2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a function of smartphones mentioned
A. Communicating with others. B. Accessing information.
C. Cooking meals. D. Doing business.
3. The word "addicted" in the third paragraph most probably means ____.
A. fond B. dependent
C. skilled D. interested
4. What can we learn from the passage
A. The use of smartphones and apps only has advantages.
B. People should use smartphones and apps without any concerns.
C. Smartphones and apps have had a great impact on our lives.
D. Privacy is not an important issue when using apps.
答案及解析:
1. C
解析: 文章第一段介绍智能手机在现代生活中的重要性；第二段重点讲智能手机应用程序（app）的各种功能，这是智能手机的优势方面。第三段则提到了智能手机和应用程序带来的问题，如过度依赖和隐私问题。最后一段总结尽管有问题，但它们的好处也不能忽视。所以文章主要是在谈论智能手机和应用程序的优点和缺点，C 选项正确。
2. C
解析: 文章第一段提到 “Smartphones have become an essential part of our lives. They allow us to communicate with others, access information, and even do business on the go.” 没有提及智能手机可以做饭，所以 C 选项符合题意。
3. B
解析: 结合语境 “People may become so addicted to their phones that they ignore the real world around them.” 可知，人们可能变得太 “依赖” 手机，以至于忽视了周围的现实世界。“dependent” 意思是 “依赖的”，与 “addicted” 在语境中的意思相近，B 选项正确。“fond” 意思是 “喜欢的”；“skilled” 意思是 “熟练的”；“interested” 意思是 “感兴趣的”，这三个选项不符合语境。
4. C
解析: 文章最后一段提到 “They have changed the way we live and work.” 说明智能手机和应用程序对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响，C 选项正确。A 选项与第三段提到的问题相矛盾；B 选项不符合文章观点，因为文章明确提到了使用智能手机和应用程序有一些需要关注的问题；D 选项与第三段提到的隐私问题是重要问题相矛盾。
Passage 2
When you think of the Arctic, you may imagine an icy land of pure white snow. However, there is more to it than that. One surprising fact is that it is home to people, plants, and animals that have adapted to its extreme conditions.
The Inuit people have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years. They have developed unique ways to survive in this harsh environment. For example, they build igloos out of snow blocks for shelter during the winter. These igloos provide excellent insulation and protection from the cold wind and snowstorms.
In addition to the Inuit, there are also various animals that call the Arctic home. The polar bear is perhaps the most iconic Arctic animal. It has a thick layer of fat and a white fur coat that helps it stay warm and blend in with the snowy surroundings. Another interesting animal is the Arctic fox, which changes the color of its fur with the seasons for better camouflage.
Plants in the Arctic also have their own ways of coping with the cold. Some plants grow close to the ground to avoid the strong winds and to absorb more heat from the sunlit ground. Others have small, thick leaves that help reduce water loss and prevent damage from the cold.
Despite its challenges, the Arctic is a fragile ecosystem that is currently facing threats. Climate change is causing the ice to melt at an alarming rate, which is affecting the habitats of Arctic animals and plants. Pollution from human activities is also a concern, as it can harm the delicate balance of this unique environment.
Questions:
1.What is the main idea of this passage
A. To introduce the beautiful scenery of the Arctic.
B. To describe the living conditions of the Inuit people.
C. To talk about the unique features of the Arctic and its challenges.
D. To show the importance of protecting the Arctic animals.
2. How do the Inuit people protect themselves from the cold in winter
A. They wear thick fur coats all day long. B. They build shelters with ice and snow.
C. They stay indoors and make fires. D. They migrate to warmer places.
3. The word "insulation" in the second paragraph most probably means ____.
A. something that keeps people warm B. something that makes people tired
C. something that helps people see clearly D. something that allows people to breathe easily
4. Why does the Arctic fox change the color of its fur
A. To look more beautiful. B. To show its mood.
C. For better protection. D. To attract other animals.
5. What are the threats to the Arctic ecosystem according to the passage
A. The increasing number of tourists. B. The lack of food for animals.
C. Climate change and pollution. D. The overhunting of animals.
答案及解析
1. C
解析：文章第一段引出北极并非只有白雪，还有适应极端环境的人、植物和动物；第二、三、四段分别介绍了因纽特人、北极动物和植物适应北极环境的独特方式；最后一段指出北极面临着气候变化和污染等威胁。所以文章主要是在谈论北极的独特之处以及它所面临的挑战，C 选项正确。
2. B
解析：根据第二段 “They have developed unique ways to survive in this harsh environment. For example, they build igloos out of snow blocks for shelter during the winter.” 可知，因纽特人在冬天用雪块建造冰屋来抵御寒冷，B 选项正确。
3. A
解析：由 “These igloos provide excellent insulation and protection from the cold wind and snowstorms.” 可知，igloos 能抵御寒风和暴风雪，所以 “insulation” 应该是与保暖相关的意思，A 选项 “保持人温暖的东西” 符合语境。
4. C
解析：根据第三段 “Another interesting animal is the Arctic fox, which changes the color of its fur with the seasons for better camouflage.” 可知，北极狐随季节改变皮毛颜色是为了更好地伪装，即更好地保护自己，C 选项正确。
5. C
解析：由最后一段 “Climate change is causing the ice to melt at an alarming rate, which is affecting the habitats of Arctic animals and plants. Pollution from human activities is also a concern, as it can harm the delicate balance of this unique environment.” 可知，北极生态系统面临的威胁是气候变化和人类活动造成的污染，C 选项正确 。
真题演练
My classmates and I went on a school trip to the local science museum last Friday. It was an exciting day filled with fun and learning.
We gathered at the school gate early in the morning and then took the bus to the museum. As soon as we entered, we were greeted by a huge dinosaur skeleton. It was so amazing that we all stopped to take pictures.
The museum had different sections. In the technology zone, there were all kinds of high-tech gadgets on display. We could even try some of them out. For example, there was a virtual reality (VR) headset that let us experience what it was like to be in space. My friend Tom was really into it and didn't want to leave.
In the nature area, we saw a lot of stuffed animals and learned about different ecosystems. There were also live plants and a small aquarium with colorful fish. The guide told us interesting facts about how these plants and animals survive in their habitats.
After that, we watched a short 3D movie about the history of the earth in the museum theater. The special effects made it seem like we were actually there, witnessing the changes of the planet.
At noon, we had lunch in the museum cafeteria. The food was okay, not too fancy but enough to fill our stomachs. Then we had some free time to explore the gift shop. I bought a small keychain with the museum's logo as a souvenir.
Finally, it was time to go back to school. We were all a little tired but had a great time. This school trip really broadened our horizons and made us more interested in science.
Questions:
1. Where did the students go on the school trip
A. To the zoo. B. To the park.
C. To the science museum. D. To the cinema.
2. What did they see first when they entered the museum
A. A VR headset. B. A 3D movie.
C. A dinosaur skeleton. D. Live plants.
3. Which part of the museum did Tom like best
A. The nature area. B. The gift shop.
C. The cafeteria. D. The technology zone.
4. What did the students do after lunch
A. Watched a 3D movie. B. Explored the gift shop.
C. Went back to school. D. Listened to the guide.
5. What was the main purpose of this school trip
A. To have fun. B. To buy souvenirs.
C. To make friends. D. To learn and broaden horizons.
答案及解析:
1. C
解析: 文章第一句 “My classmates and I went on a school trip to the local science museum last Friday.” 明确提到学生们去了当地的科学博物馆，所以选 C。
2. C
解析: 根据 “As soon as we entered, we were greeted by a huge dinosaur skeleton.” 可知，他们一进入博物馆就看到了一个巨大的恐龙骨架，答案为 C。
3. D
解析: 文中提到 “In the technology zone, there were all kinds of high-tech gadgets on display. We could even try some of them out. For example, there was a virtual reality (VR) headset that let us experience what it was like to be in space. My friend Tom was really into it and didn't want to leave.”，说明汤姆对科技馆的虚拟现实头盔很感兴趣，不想离开，也就是他最喜欢科技馆这部分，选 D。
4. B
解析: 由 “At noon, we had lunch in the museum cafeteria. The food was okay, not too fancy but enough to fill our stomachs. Then we had some free time to explore the gift shop.” 可知，午饭后学生们去逛了礼品店，答案是 B。
5. D
解析: 文章最后一句 “This school trip really broadened our horizons and made us more interested in science.” 表明这次学校旅行的主要目的是拓宽视野和让学生们对科学更感兴趣，即学习和拓宽视野，选 D。
“Black Myth: Wukong” has become really popular in the game world. After its trailer came out, lots of people got excited. This game will tell the old story of the Monkey King in a new and cool way.
The trailer showed very nice pictures. There were beautiful ancient Chinese scenes like high mountains in the mist and magical woods. These made gamers all over the world pay attention. They could almost feel like they were in the game world.
We also saw the Monkey King in the trailer. He looked just like the one we know, with shiny golden armor and his famous staff. When he moved, it was smooth and strong. For example, when he jumped and waved his staff, it was so energetic, just like in the old tales.
The game's fighting part is also great. It seems to be full of action and needs skills. Players have to learn different moves to beat the many bad guys. There were clips of the Monkey King fighting against lots of demons, using his speed and power to win.
As the game gets closer to coming out, more and more people can't wait to play it. They want to start this amazing adventure.
【黑神话悟空】专题
Questions:
1. What kind of thing is “Black Myth: Wukong” in the text
A. A movie. B. A game. C. A storybook. D. A song.
2. What in the trailer made gamers notice it
A. The story. B. The fighting moves.
C. The nice pictures. D. The Monkey King's voice.
3. How did the Monkey King look in the trailer
A. He had no armor. B. He had black armor.
C. He looked like the traditional one. D. He looked small.
4. What's special about the game's fighting part
A. It's very slow. B. It's full of action and needs skills.
C. It only has a few enemies. D. It doesn't need any moves.
5. Why are people looking forward to the game
A. To see new pictures. B. To have an exciting adventure.
C. To listen to nice music. D. To meet new friends.
答案及解析:
1. B
解析: 开头提到 “‘Black Myth: Wukong’ has become really popular in the game world.”，清楚表明它是一款游戏，所以选 B。
2. C
解析: 依据 “The trailer showed very nice pictures. These made gamers all over the world pay attention.” 可知，是预告片漂亮的画面吸引了玩家，答案是 C。
3. C
解析: 文中说 “He looked just like the one we know, with shiny golden armor and his famous staff.”，说明孙悟空在预告片中的模样和传统形象相符，选 C。
4. B
解析: 由 “The game's fighting part is also great. It seems to be full of action and needs skills.” 可知，游戏战斗部分的特别之处在于充满动作且需要技巧，选 B。
5. B
解析: 最后 “As the game gets closer to coming out, more and more people can't wait to play it. They want to start this amazing adventure.” 表明人们期待这款游戏是为了开启精彩冒险，选 B。
总结
学会阅读理解在考试中具有多方面重要意义。一方面，从成绩提升角度看，其分值占比较大，在英语等学科考试里举足轻重，是获取高分的关键板块。另一方面，有助于知识积累与拓展，阅读材料涵盖各学科知识，能让考生接触广泛信息，如在历史阅读中了解事件脉络，在科普阅读里知晓科学原理，加深对不同学科知识的理解与记忆，提升综合素养。同时，在思维培养上，通过分析文章结构、推理作者意图、理解复杂逻辑关系，锻炼逻辑思维、批判性思维与创新思维能力，使考生在回答问题时更具条理性与深度，进而在考试中脱颖而出，为未来的学习与发展奠定坚实基础。