(共73张PPT)
专题1 名词
专题2 代词
专题3 冠词
专题4 数词
专题5 介词和介词短语
专题6 形容词和副词
专题7 连词
语法精点击
专题8 系动词和情态动词
专题9 动词短语及词义辨析
专题10 动词的时态和语态
专题11 非谓语动词
专题12 主谓一致
专题13 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
专题14 复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
专题2 代词
专题2 代词
┃考点直击┃
中考考点
1.人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及其用法。
2.反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。
3.不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。
代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为: 人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。常见考点如下:
专题2 代词
1 人称代词的主格和宾格
人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格在句中作主语或表语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语,也可作表语。
人称代词的人称、数、格的变化如下:
专题2 代词
人称 单数形式 复数形式
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I _____ we ____
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he ____ they _____
she her
it it
me
us
him
them
专题2 代词
2 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区分
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,后面需加名词,相当于形容词。名词性物主代词可以单独使用,相当于名词。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:
This is his computer.=This computer is his.
这是他的电脑。
具体人称和数如下:
专题2 代词
人称 数 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称 单数形式 my ______
复数形式 our ours
第二人称 单数形式 your ______
复数形式 your yours
第三人称 单数形式 his his
your ______
its its
复数形式 their ______
mine
yours
yours
theirs
专题2 代词
3 反身代词的人称和数的变化以及固定搭配
1.反身代词表自身。具体人称和数如下:
人称 单数形式 复数形式
第一人称 _______ ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 herself ______ itself
________
myself
himself
themselves
专题2 代词
2. 反身代词在句中通常用作宾语,表示动作返回到主
语身上。接反身代词作宾语的常见动词有 teach (教), hurt
(伤害), dress (穿衣) 等。此外还经常考查反身代词作介词
的宾语。如: by oneself等。
3.反身代词作同位语。 在句中通常用作名词、代词的
同位语,以加强名词或代词的语气,意思是“本身,亲自”。
如:
I will do it myself.我将亲自去做这件事。
专题2 代词
4.反身代词的固定搭配。常见的固定搭配有help oneself to(请随便吃),_______________(玩得开心),______________ (伤到某人自己), lose oneself in (迷恋,沉醉于)等。
enjoy oneself
hurt oneself
专题2 代词
4 it和one 的用法区别
为了避免重复,可以用it, one, that代替上文出现的名词,但它们的用法不同。
1.it 的主要用法
用以指特定的物,即上文提到的事物或情况。既可替代单数可数名词,也可替代不可数名词。如:
—Do you still keep the picture
你还保存着那张照片吗?
—No, I have sold ___. 不,我已经把它卖了。
it
专题2 代词
2.one 的主要用法
one 表示泛指,指同类事物中的另一个,常常代替由不定冠词a或an修饰的名词。one既可以代替人,也可以代替物,但只能代替可数名词,其复数形式为ones。如:
—Do you have a pen?你有一支钢笔吗?
—Yes, I have ________. 是的,我有一支。
one
专题2 代词
3.that的主要用法
that可以代替可数或不可数名词,主要用于两种东西的对比,其复数形式为those。that用于代替物,不能用于代替人。如:
The population of the city is larger than ________ of the town.
这个城市的人口比那个城镇的人口多。
that
专题2 代词
5 易混不定代词的区别与运用
1.few, a few, little与a little
用法 肯定意义 否定意义
修饰可数名词 复数 a few(几个) few(几乎没有)
修饰不可数名词 a little(一点儿) little(几乎没有)
专题2 代词
He has a few friends,but ______ good friends.
他有几个朋友,但是几乎没有好朋友。
We have ________ meat at home, but little bread.
我们家里有点肉,但是几乎没面包了。
few
a little
专题2 代词
2.some与any
some和any都有“一些”的意思。some用在肯定句中,any用在否定句或疑问句中。
[注意] 表示期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中用some。如:
Would you like ________ water?你想要些水吗?
some
专题2 代词
3.both, either, neither, all, any与none
Both
使用范围 都 都不 之一
两者 both neither either
大于等于三者 all none any
_________ the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on ________ side of the street.
路两侧有花。
either
专题2 代词
4.another,(the)other与(the)others 的用法区别见P11。
5.many与much
many和much都意为“许多”, many后跟可数名词复数,much后跟不可数名词。如:
How ________ people are there at the meeting
会上有多少人?
How ________ time has we left 我们还剩下多少时间?
many
much
专题2 代词
6 复合不定代词
1.含-body和-one的复合不定代词只用来指人,含 -thing的复合不定代词只用来指物。如:
Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.
有人在隔壁房间哭。
Are you going to buy anything
你要去买东西吗?
专题2 代词
2.主要考点:
(1)复合不定代词的部分否定。如:
Not everyone likes English.
不是每个人都喜欢英语。
(2)复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候,定语必须放在不定代词后面。如:
I have ______________________ to tell you.
我有一些有趣的事情告诉你。
something interesting
专题2 代词
3.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Something _____ wrong with my bike.
我的自行车出毛病了。
4.some与 any 构成的复合不定代词的区别和some与any的区别相同。
is
专题2 代词
7 疑问代词
疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。如:
__________ are you from 你来自哪里?
Where
专题2 代词
8 关系代词who, that与which
关系代词可用作引导定语从句的关联词。如:
He is the man __________ wants to see you.
他就是想见你的那个人。
The book that/which I bought yesterday is on the desk.我昨天买的那本书在桌上。
who/that
专题2 代词
1.It is a good habit of ________ to read
a few lines before going to bed.
A.I B.me
C.my D.mine
┃考点过关 ┃
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
2. Don't worry about me. I'm old enough
to think for ________.
A.himself B.herself
C.yourself D.myself
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
3.George reads the newspaper every
morning. That's ________ habit.
A.he B.him
C.his D.himself
【答案】 C
专题2 代词
4.You don't have a drink. Can I get
you ________?
A.something B.anything
C.nothing D.everything
【答案】 A
专题2 代词
5.The teacher gave the books to all the students
except ________ who had already taken them.
A.the ones B.some
C.ones D.the others
【答案】 A
专题2 代词
6.My cousins have collected stamps for two
years. They have ________ stamps from
different countries.
A.a little B.many
C.much D.little
【答案】 B
专题2 代词
7.________ of the twins went to watch Peking
Opera last Sunday. They were staying at
home all that day.
A.Either B.Both
C.Neither D.None
【答案】 C
专题2 代词
8.There is _________ in today's newspaper. I am
bored.
A.new nothing B.new something
C.nothing new D.something new
【答案】 C
专题2 代词
9.The old man has two sons. One is a worker;
________ is a teacher.
A.another B.other
C.others D.the other
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
10.Could you tell me the time for the meeting?I
have forgotten________.
A.it B.one
C.this D.that
【答案】 A
专题2 代词
1.—Let's do something for Ya'an
children.
—Why not write letters to cheer ________ up.
A.him B.her
C.us D.them
┃语法专练 ┃
【解析】 D cheer them up意为“使他们振作起来”。
专题2 代词
2.Do you know the boy sitting between Peter and
________?
A.she B.I C.his D. me
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
3.There is some salt in the bowl. Please pass
________ to me.
A.it B. one
C.them D.this
【答案】 A
专题2 代词
4.Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for
________ with ________ best wishes.
A.you; our B.us; your
C.you; your D.us; our
【答案】 A
专题2 代词
5.—Whose pen is this
—Oh, it's ________. I was looking for it everywhere.
A.you B.yours
C.me D.mine
【解析】 D 此题考查名词性物主代词的用法。mine意为“我的”,在句中相当于my pen。
专题2 代词
6.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work
harder,but ________ didn't help.
A.he B.which
C.she D.it
【解析】 D it代替上文整个句子的内容,即“母亲一再告诉汤姆应该努力学习”这件事。
专题2 代词
7. ________ are good friends.
A.You, I and he B.I, he and you
C.You, he and I D.He, you and I
【解析】 C 人称代词主格复数排列顺序为: 一、二、三;当承担错误时,单数排列顺序也为: 一、二、三;其他情况下排列顺序为: 二、三、一。
专题2 代词
8.—Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
—Never mind. You can have ________.
A.us B.ours
C.you D.yours
【答案】 B
专题2 代词
9.________ is not good to copy others' homework.
A.This B.That
C.It D.There
【答案】 C
专题2 代词
10. —What kind of house would you like
—I'd like ________ with a garden in front of
________.
A.it; one B.one; one
C.one; it D.it; it
【解析】 C one泛指一所房子,it指上文提到的 “带有花园的房子”。
专题2 代词
11.Most young people find ________ exciting to
play computer games.
A.it B.this
C.one D. that
【答案】 A
专题2 代词
12.________ is waiting for you at the gate.
He wants to say thanks to you.
A.Somebody B.Anybody
C.Everybody D.Nobody
【解析】 A 肯定句中的“某人”用somebody表示。
专题2 代词
13.Don't lose ________ in computer games, boys.
A.yourself B.Yourselves
C.himself D.themselves
【答案】 B
专题2 代词
14. —Did you finish the homework ________?
—Sure, Mr Wang. Nobody helped ________.
A.you; I B.yours; me
C.yourself; mine D.yourself; me
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
15.The apples on this tree are bigger than ________
on that tree.
A.them B.those
C.that D.its
【解析】 B 为了避免重复,可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。该句中apples为复数名词,故用those来代替。
专题2 代词
16. —Who taught ________ to swim
—Nobody. I learned all by ________.
A.you; myself B.your; myself
C.you; me D.your; mine
【解析】 A teach sb to do sth 意为“教某人做某事”,其中sb 为代词时应用宾格; all by oneself为固定短语。
专题2 代词
17.I hate people ________ talk much but
do little.
A.who B.which
C.whose D.whom
【解析】 A 此题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。people为人且在定语从句中作主语,故选A。
专题2 代词
18. —What kind of movies do you like
—I like the movies ________ are about Chinese
history.
A.who B.whom
C.whose D.that
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
19. —________ sweater do you like best
—The blue one.
A.Who B.Which
C.Whom D.Whose
【答案】 B
专题2 代词
20.I had to buy ________ these books because I
didn't know which one was the best.
A.both B.none
C.neither D.all
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
21.We had a picnic last month and it was a lot of
fun, so let's have ________ one this month.
A.the other B.some
C.another D.other
【答案】 C
专题2 代词
22.—How often is the World Cup held
—________ four years.
A.For B.Every
C.Each D.In
【解析】 B every four years 意为“每四年”,用来回答“how often”引导的特殊疑问句。each没有此用法。
专题2 代词
23. ________ went hiking last weekend
because of the bad weather.
A.Someone B.No one
C.Everyone D.Nothing
【解析】 B 句意: 因为天气不好,没有人去远足。
专题2 代词
24.We have two foreign teachers here. One is from
England, and ________ is from America.
A.another B.the other
C.other D.the others
【解析】 B one…the other…指“两者中的一个……,另一个……”。句意: 我们这儿有两位外国老师,一位来自英国,另一位来自美国。故选B。
专题2 代词
25.—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee
—I don't care. ________ is OK.
A.Either B.Neither
C.Both D.All
【答案】 A
专题2 代词
26.A foreign visitor is coming to visit our new
house this evening. My mother will offer him
________ to eat.
A.anything delicious
B. something real Chinese
C.something Japanese food
D. delicious something
【答案】 B
专题2 代词
27.—Help ________ to some fruit,Jack.
—Thank you.
A.your B.yourselves
C.you D.yourself
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
28.—Can I help you, boy
—Yes. There is ________ wrong with my bike.
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
【答案】 A
专题2 代词
29. They are able to talk openly to one
another whenever ________ of them feels hurt.
A.either B.both
C.some D.all
【解析】 A either意为“任何一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
专题2 代词
30.—Can I come this afternoon or
tomorrow morning
—________ is OK. I'm free today and tomorrow.
A.Either B.Neither
C.Both D.None
【解析】 A 根据答语“I'm free today and tomorrow.”可知今天和明天都可以,故选用either,意为“两者当中任意一个都可以”。
专题2 代词
31.________ is impossible if you put your heart
into it.
A.Anything B.Something
C.Everything D.Nothing
【答案】 D
专题2 代词
32.—Do you like communicating with
your friends on QQ or MSN
—________. I'd rather ________ mobile phone.
A.Either; use B.Neither; use
C.Both; not to use D.Neither; to use
【解析】 B neither意为“两者都不”;would rather do sth 意为“宁可做某事”。
专题2 代词
33.—The teachers in that school speak
either English or French, or even ________.
—That's so cool!
A.all B.both
C.neither D.none
【解析】 B 句意: 那所学校的老师或者说英语或者说法语,(有的)甚至这两种语言都说。
专题2 代词
34.—Do you know how many people there are in
the hall
—________. Because the meeting has been
put off.
A.No one B.Nothing
C.None D.Nobody
【解析】 C none意为“三者或三者以上中没有一个”,用来回答how many引导的特殊疑问句; no one/ nobody用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句; nothing用来回答what引导的特殊疑问句。
专题2 代词
35.________ may have a chance to be successful if
he tries his best.
A.Somebody B.Everybody
C.Nobody D.None
【答案】 B
专题2 代词
36.The question is simple. ________ can answer it.
A.Someone B.Anybody
C.Nobody D.No one
【答案】 B
专题2 代词
37.—Mum, what else can we do to help you
—________else, I think. Everything is OK.
A.Something B.Nothing
C.Anything D.Everything
【答案】 B
专题2 代词
38.I don't care what you say. I believe I can beat
you at chess ________ day.
A.some B.any
C.each D.every
【解析】 A some day在此是“(将来的)某一天”的意思。
专题2 代词
39.—John, we have few apples left. Could you go
and buy________?
—Sure. But I have ________ here.
A.any; any B.some; any
C.any; some D.some; some
【解析】 D some用于疑问句中表示客气的请求,并希望得到肯定回答。
专题2 代词
40. The man has ________ friends in
this city, so he often stays at home.
A.a few B.few
C.little D.a little
【解析】 B few修饰可数名词复数,表示否定含义;而little修饰不可数名词。句意: 这个人在这座城市没几个朋友,所以他经常待在家里。