阅读还原课件(共38张PPT)2024-2025学年人教新目标(Go for it)版英语中考重难题型专题复习

(共38张PPT)
第2课时　阅读还原
01
命题规律解读
02
答题技巧指导
03
真题巩固训练
01
命题规律解读
阅读还原这一题型考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握能力。命题形式体现了《新课程标准》中“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力”这一要求。
2024年湖南省中考英语阅读还原形式为五选四，总分为8分。长沙市中考英语阅读还原为五选五，总分为10分。全国范围内阅读还原形式还有六选五、七选五。虽然试题形式不固定，但万变不离其宗。阅读材料聚焦“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境，话题选材广泛，多贴近于学生学习与生活。
阅读还原重视考查考生的语篇意识，尤其是语篇内部的结构和逻辑关系。设空位置在文章的段首、段中、段末或小标题位置。可从Topic(主题)、Coherence(连贯性)、Logic(逻辑性)三个主要方面入手，运用整体阅读的思路进行综合思考，从而完成做题。
2024年中考英语阅读还原考情概览
卷别 题型 语篇类型 语篇话题 考点分布
2024湖南卷 五选四 说明文 针对不想做作业提出建议(人与自我) 标题句1，段中句2，段尾句1
2024长沙卷 五选五 说明文 介绍书籍《原子习惯》(人与自我) 段首句1，段中句4
【技巧点拨】
阅读还原题型的选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)，过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。
主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章整体内容或段落大意进行概括的能力，一般会在首段或其他段落的段首设空。通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。如2024年湖南卷第34题，2023年长沙卷第39题，2020年长沙卷第58题。
语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。如2024年湖南卷第32题，2021年长沙卷第36题。
细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词义复现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。
词义复现的形式主要包括原词复现，同(近)义词复现，反义词复现，上下义词复现，同构复现，相同句型结构，相同词不同结构等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。如2023年长沙卷第38题，2018年长沙卷第57题。
代词线索法，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。如2024年长沙卷第33题，2022年长沙卷第38题。
逻辑关系线索法则利用并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，根据上下文语境做出正确的判断。如2024年湖南卷第33题，2024年长沙卷第32题都考查因果关系。
02
答题技巧指导
[2023长沙]How to Improve Your Reading Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. 1. __D__ Reading well in English is useful for many reasons, not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading in English, the following are just for you! 【我来归纳——阅读还原】
三步做“五选五”
第一步：通读全文，了解文章整体内容，看空前空后句子与句子之间的联系，初步做出选择(找出主旨句，抓住文章结构脉络)。
Choose right reading materials(材料). There are so many choices! There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. 2. __B__ Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content(内容)． Be intentional(意图明确的). Being intentional means doing something on purpose with a reason in mind. With reading, you need to be intentional by setting a reading aim. Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day. 3. __C__ To make sure your daily practice gets done, spare some time and put it in your study plan!
4．__A__ Reading can both introduce you to new vocabulary(词汇) and teach you how to use them. Many words in English are often used together in a consistent(相互连贯的) way. Reading groups of words, or words that go together, will help you better understand how to use your new vocabulary. Don't try to understand everything. As you're practicing your reading, you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that's OK! Your brain can't learn so many new things at one time. It's more important to get the big picture of what you are reading. 5. __E__ 第二步：标记关键词，再次定位选项，将选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系(检查所填选项是否符合文章发展和上下文语境)。
【解析】 1．逻辑关系法之转折题，且在段中，与上句紧密相关。根据“Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task.”可知，学习如何用英语很好地阅读可能不是一件容易的事。与选项D“但这是你在学习语言的旅程中必须要做的事”是转折关系，符合语境。故选D。 第三步：代入选项通读原文，句通意畅来验证(通读检查，避免误选不合行文逻辑的选项)。
A.Read word groups.
B.Don't choose a book that is too easy or too difficult.
C.You could also be intentional with planning a time to read.
D.But it's something you'll have to do on your language learning journey.
E.And you can go back to check the new things you don't understand later.
2．逻辑关系法之并列题，且在段中，与上句紧密相关。根据“Choose right reading materials(材料)．”和“choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content(内容)．”可知，本段就选择正确的阅读材料给出建议，建议选择至少理解80%的内容的阅读材料，选项B“不要选择太容易或太难的书”与上句和本段内容为并列、承接关系，符合语境。故选B。
3.词汇复现与逻辑关系法之递进题，且在段中，与上句紧密相关。根据“Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day.”可知，确定你每天想要读的页数，此处与计划相关。选项C“你也可以有意识地计划阅读的时间”进一步解释计划，且be intentional with与小标题为原词复现，符合语境。故选C。
4．主旨概括题之小标题看结构：小标题，短小精悍，结构一致。从结构上看，只有选项A和选项B与原文中所给小标题祈使句结构一致，同时根据下文的“Reading can both introduce you to new vocabulary(词汇) and teach you how to use them.”可知，阅读既可以向你介绍新词汇，也可以教你如何使用它们。本段与新词汇相关，选项A“阅读词组”符合语境。下文中的“Reading groups of words”也是提示。故选A。
5．逻辑关系法之并列题。根据“As you're practicing your reading, you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that's OK！”可知，当你在练习阅读时，你需要接受你可能不理解每个单词的事实，这没关系！选项E “稍后你可以回头检查你不理解的新东西”与上句和本段内容为并列、承接关系，符合语境。故选E。
解题策略
1．找顺序词(有些文章会有分段写作的结构，每段句首有firstly, to begin with, secondly, finally, in a word等)
2．找标点(部分选项后面不是句号，而是逗号、问号等，结合上下文可以推出答案)
3．找代词(横线后有代词it、 they等，横线处可能有相应的指代的内容)
4．找结构(有些文章有小标题，小标题一般是祈使句，如果某个空恰好在小标题位置，则选和其他小标题类型一致的选项；有的段落有连续的问句形成类似排比的结构；有的题目是总分总结构，第一段往往有following tips等词，最后一段进行总结并和首段形成呼应)
5．找关键词(选项中的词与横线前后的词是相同的或相似的)
6．找过渡句(每段首句一般为总括句，总括句和后面内容呼应；段落中间的句子起解释、过渡作用，常常会解释前文的内容，或衔接前后文的内容；段末句往往为总结句，一般言简意赅点明中心)
【例题讲解：标点、关键词、代词】
When Will Restall was in fifth grade, he received bus safety training at school. Local bus drivers taught students about how to use the buses' two way radios. A two way radio is a radio that can both send and receive messages. 1. __D__ And they show the students how to use them in emergency(紧急的) situation. Will used what he learned to help a hurt bus driver get quick medical treatment. People in his hometown now call the 11 year old a hero for his brave actions.
Will was taking the school bus to school one morning. 2. __E__ He had to wait 10 minutes or so before he could get off the bus.
But then he heard a loud noise and looked up to see what happened. 3. __B__ She had passed out and fell over on the bus stairs.
Will left his seat, grabbed the two way radio and reported that the driver was hurt. 4. __C__ Soon, another bus driver and an ambulance(救护车) arrived to help.
When they got there, the bus driver was awake and sitting up, but not speaking. They sent the driver to the hospital. Will and everyone else on the bus went to class as usual. Will's brave actions attracted a lot of attention. 5. __A__ although he didn't want to be the spotlight(公众注意的焦点)．“I had to ask him，” said his father, Tim Restall.
A．A local TV station even interviewed him，
B．He saw that the bus driver was no longer in the driver's seat.
C．The radios on each bus let Will's friends hear him report the emergency.
D．The user can both talk and listen and it's also called walkie talkies(对讲机)．
E．Like every other student on the bus, Will was playing a video game on his phone.
【解析】
其一，观察选项，只有选项A为逗号结句，所以第5小题的答案必然是A。同时根据关键词和理解可知，“公众注意的焦点”肯定和大众宣传媒体等相关。故选A。
其二，第2小题后有He这个代词，证明前面一定提到了一个男性。这一段开头是Will，所以这个空也应该是Will为主语，则应该在选项B和选项E中选，这段里面没有bus driver，所以排除B。故选E。
其三，第3小题后有She，不可能凭空出现一个女性代词，所以横线处一定要出现一个新人物，根据下文的“the driver was hurt”，推出此处是bus driver。故选B。
其四，第4小题根据文中的“two way radio and reported”可以推出选C(关键词radio和report)。
其五，第1小题只剩下D，符合上下文语境。故选D。
03
真题巩固训练
(一)[2024湖南]
What can you do when you don't want to do homework You know it has to be done, but it's the last thing you want to do. How can you deal with the problem 1.____
Set goals(目标) for yourself. Your goals don't have to be big. In fact, the smaller, the better. Start by setting goals you can reach easily.
Take a plan and write it down. 2.____ Because something about the written words makes it harder to forget. Once you write it down, it's easier to carry it out.
D
C
3．____ Do it first because it needs a fresh mind. You often dislike it if you find your homework difficult. But if you try your best and finish it, you'll have a sense of achievement.
Use rewards(奖励) to mark your progress. If you have completed part of your homework, you could take a break. 4.____ Or you could even “allow” yourself to go to a movie on Friday.
Ask your parents for help. If you don't ask, your parents will never know what trouble you have. So they won't be able to give you helpful advice.
These suggestions above could work on you. Try them out. It's time to take action now.
B
E
A．How can you make a plan
B．Do difficult homework first.
C．Why should you write it down
D．Here is some advice to help you.
E．You could also eat something you like.
(二)[2024长沙]
You've probably heard of books that will change your life. And a lot of readers agree that the book Atomic Habits(《原子习惯》) will meet your needs.
James Clear, who did a lot of research on formation of habits, is the writer of Atomic Habits. 1.____ It has sold over 15 million copies and has been translated into more than 50 languages. And his website receives millions of visitors each month.
D
2．____ That's because the book introduces a practical system(系统) for creating good habits and breaking bad ones. Readers everywhere are very interested in Clear's “science of tiny habits”.
In the book, the writer suggests trying to get 1% better each day. For example, you'd like to exercise but you don't think you have the time or energy. Clear suggests starting with two minutes a day. Over time, the effects of this habit will increase as you repeat the actions. 3.____ “All big things come from small beginnings，” says Clear.
A
C
Clear continues with the following advice: Don't focus on(聚焦) what you want to achieve. 4.____ For example, two men want to break the habit of smoking. When offered a cigarette(香烟), one says, “No, thanks. I'm trying to give up smoking.” The other says, “No, thanks. I'm not a smoker.” While the first man still sees himself as a smoker, the second man doesn't. Clear says, “Bad habits will die more easily if you focus on who you want to become.”
Atomic Habits will reshape the way you think about progress and success. 5.____ Slowly but surely, it will have a great effect on your health, job and relationships.
B
E
A．Why is it so popular
B．Instead, focus on who you want to become.
C．He calls these repeated actions “atomic habits”.
D．This book is a No.1 New York Times bestseller.
E．Also, it will give you the tools you need to change your habits.
(三) [2022长沙]
The human population on Earth grows larger each year. As a result, 1.____． Because of climate change(气候变化)，growing more food is becoming even more difficult.
D
When farmers tried to grow more food in the past, they would use farming methods that weren't always healthy for the environment. To solve this problem, 2.____． They spent several years talking to farmers. They wanted to see what problems farmers were having and how these problems could be solved. 3.____. These special robots move around on farms and collect information about crops(庄稼)． They can take pictures of plants, track(追踪) each plant's growth and measure(测量) its size.
C
B
In the past, though farmers did have information about the weather and the earth, they couldn't track each plant. 4.____．
By collecting information about plants, the robots can help farmers make predictions(预测) about how their plants will grow. 5.____． For example, if the robots find out which plants get sick, farmers can quickly throw them away before they are about to influence nearby plants. With the help of these robots, farmers can take better care of the plants in need.
A
E
A．But now, with these robots, they can
B．This led to the creation of special robots
C．some scientists carried out a research project
D．more and more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone
E．By studying each plant, the robots can also help farmers grow plants well