高考英语语法【非谓语动词】易错点30题精讲练解析版
专题八 非谓语动词易错点集锦
一．非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
不定式 一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
不定式 进行式 to be doing 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
二．技巧点拨·如何解答非谓语动词题目
分析句子结构，辨别 “谓语和非谓语” 首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语，如果是，就用谓语形式；如果句子中并不缺谓语，则用非谓语形式。所以在解题过程中，首先必须明白非谓语动词虽然与动词有关，但它们都不是谓语动词。其次，必须培养识别英语句子谓语的能力，因为命题人经常就一些多义词、多性(词性)词，尤其是熟词生义设置题目，增加句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，从而导致考生理解失误，不能正确地划分句子主干，继而造成失分。 [例1] A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. [分析] conducted 本题存在一词多义、一词多性的特征，由于不能找到正确的谓语动词，考生容易误填was conducted或were conducted。因name的常见词性为名词，考生会将题干中的“names”误认为是名词name的复数形式。其实，在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”，因主语“A study of travelers(一项关于游客的研究)”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式names。找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“conduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定语。
2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系 非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用 现在分词形式。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。 [例2] The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (return) to our shop for quality problems. [分析] returned 句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。句中已有谓语动词comes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式；且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。
3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序 非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如to have done, having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing, doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 [例3] (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. [分析] Having worked 考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填to work表示目的。然而，本题考查的是非谓语动词与谓语动词存在时间先后关系时的用法。并且句中的主语Steve与work之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词的完成式having done。
三．非谓语动词作主语和表语的易错点
1.不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。 注意：不定式作表语时： ①表示预定要发生的动作； ②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语； ③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent. To get there by bike will take us half an hour. It's our duty to take good care of the old. To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. His wish is to be a doctor in the future. What I want to do most in senior high school is (to) improve my English. (如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to)
动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容。 常用于动名词作主语的句型： ①It’s a waste of time doing... ②It’s no use/good doing... ③It is useless doing... ④There is no doing... Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. Of course, enjoying a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can impact our spirits. It is a waste of time going to the doctor with most mild complaints. It’s no use complaining without taking action. It is no use fishing in this river; there are none left.
3.V-ed形式不作主语，作表语时常表示主语的状态。 The window is broken. After the long journey, they are exhausted.
四．非谓语动词作定语时易错点
1.不定式作定语 ①.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。 ②.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 ③.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 不定式作定语易错点： ①不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 ②不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式； ③当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。 The play to be produced next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on. Have you got anything to buy 你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者) I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch． I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought 我想去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)
2.分词作定语 ①作定语的及物动词的分词形式有： 现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。 ②作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为： 现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. On receiving a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students. The most common error made in hanging pictures is to hang them too high. Local people invited to attend a meeting are very pleased to share their experiences of hospital services.
五．非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)； 表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)； 表示被动、进行用being done； 表示主动、尚未进行用to do； 表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较： ①Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies. ②The bridge built in 2017 was designed by a local company. ③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. ④The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.
六．非谓语动词作宾语易错点
不定式作宾语 The driver failed to see the other car in time. I happen to know the answer to your question.
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用形式宾语it We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well.
V-ing 形式作宾语 We're considering paying a visit to the Science Museum. They only allow smoking in restricted areas.
七．非谓语动词作宾语补足语易错点
1.不定式作宾补 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
2.现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。 I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room. On the top of the hill,he could see smoke rising from the chimneys.
3.过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。 When they got there,they found the house burnt down. The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked.
八．特定动词后非谓语动词形式易错点
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish；refuse, manage，care, pretend； offer, promise, choose, plan；agree, ask/beg, help The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case. Soon the villagers couldn't afford to buy food for themselves. I managed to get all the ironing done this morning. I promise to come for a long visit.
2.只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语： consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon；admit, delay/put off, fancy avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice；deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate；forbid/avoid, imagine, risk； can’t help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 There is no doubt that the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city. I always imagine flying like a bird. I avoid working in places which are too public.
3.不定式在特定的动词后作宾补的动词(短语) advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。 I can't decide which to buy. We don't know how to put it into practice. Mum forbad them to play ball in the public garden. He'd managed to persuade Dad to buy a car for him. How could you allow him to do something like that
want, need, require作“需要”讲时，后接V-ing形式，主动形式表达被动含义； （若用不定式则用to be done） 与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得) My car needs washing/to be washed. The house wants painting/to be painted. Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.
以下词可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式，意义基本相同： prefer, like, love, start, begin, hate, intend等 I prefer going to the cinema tonight. I prefer to go to the cinema tonight. I intend to rewrite the story for younger children. I intend rewriting the story for younger children.
6.接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。 在动词learn, decide, know, wonder, show, teach, tell, understand, explain, advise, find out等词后作宾语。 Please show us how to do that. I can’t decide what to buy. We don’t know how to put it into practice.
7.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词 ①try to do 尽力做…… try doing 试着去做…… ②mean to do打算做…… mean doing 意味着…… ③regret to do遗憾要去做…… regret doing后悔做过…… ④remember to do 记得去做…… remember doing记得做过…… ⑤forget to do忘记去做…… forget doing 忘记做了…… ⑥can't help(to) do 不能帮忙做某事 can’t help doing 禁不住做某事 Life isn’t a match. It’s a journey. If you spend that journey always trying to impress others, you’re wasting your life. I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. I didn't mean to bother you. What he said means going there by air. Don't forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom. I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. I'm very busy now,so I can't help (to)clean the room. The girl couldn't help crying when she saw her mother again.
8.V-ing形式还可以充当介词的宾语 动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有： be/get used to (习惯于) feel like (想要) insist on (坚持) object to (反对) get down to (开始认真做某事) devote...to...(致力于……) stick to (坚持) give up (放弃)等 此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； have fun (in) doing sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。 Don’t forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom. He entered the chemistry lab without being permitted. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by describing various sounds. Just stop talking and get down to working. Many local people object to the building of the new airport. Do you feel like eating out tonight If she had had to give up riding she might have taken up sailing competitively. Many students have difficulty in delivering a speech in public, but they can overcome it through training.
九．非谓语动词作状语易错点
不定式 作状语 1.作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. He opened the door for the children to come in.
2.结果状语，常用于下列结构中： only to do(表示意想不到的结果) enough to do(足够做……) too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此…以至于…)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. I drove to the parking lot only to find it was fully parked with all kinds of vehicles. He was so excited as to be unable to speak. The ice is thick enough to walk on. The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.
3.原因状语 常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。 I was surprised to find him here. They were really pleased to see me stick with it. We are very sad to hear that you are leaving.
现在分词 作状语 分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
1.表示原因，一般式表示动作与句子谓语动词同时发生；完成式表示动作早于主句动作发生。 Standing on the top of the mountain,I felt relaxed. Having been told the meeting was cancelled, I went home after work.
2.表示时间，其动作在句子谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。 While waiting for the train,I had a long talk with Mary. Having finished his homework,Tom went to play basketball.
3.表示方式或伴随情况，常跟在句子后。 At the bell of the class,he came running into the classroom.
4.表示结果，跟在句后。 The plane crashed,killing all the people on board.
5.表示条件，置于句首或句末。 Working hard,you'll succeed one day.
6.表示让步，置于句首或句末。 Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistakes.
过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
1.表示时间 When asked her further plans,she said that she wanted to be a nurse.
2.表示原因 Born into a poor family,he had only two years of schooling.
3.表示条件 If taken according to the directions,the medicine has no side effect.
4.表示结果 The girl met with an accident,wounded in the head..
5表示让步 Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in finding a job.
6表示方式或伴随 The old man got off the bed,supported by his son.
独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
generally speaking(to be general)一般来说 honestly/roughly/strictly speaking 老实说/大体说/严格说 frankly speaking/to be frank坦白说 judging from/by根据……来判断 taking...into consideration/account考虑到…… considering/seeing/given...考虑到…… to tell the truth/to be honest说实话 compared with/by与……相比 to make things worse更糟糕的是
十．独立主格结构易错点
非谓语动词本身有动词的特性，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，用独立主格结构表示。
独立主格结构作状语 1.名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式( 主动表被动) Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
2.with/without＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语) With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on.
十一．非谓语动词的常用结构
have/get sth.done You'd better have/get your car checked.
make sb./sth.done That's a special way to make myself understood.
make/have/let sb.do sth. The teacher made/had/let us finish the homework.
get sb.to do sth. You should get your parents to help you.
find/catch sb.doing sth. He was found/caught stealing in the shop.
find sth.done He found his room broken into.
感官动词（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth. +doing sth. I saw him working in the garden.
感官动词（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth.+done Did you see the bridge washed away by the flood
感官动词（feel,hear,see，notice等）＋sb./sth.+do sth. I noticed my teacher enter the classroom.
be worth doing sth.(主动形式表示被动意义） The film is well worth seeing.
be busy/occupied doing sth. I'm busy writing a book.
spend time/money(in)doing sth. They spent three months(in)learning French.
have difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in) doing sth. We have no difficulty(in)finding his house.
There is no point(in)doing sth. There is no point(in)waiting for him any longer.
have no choice but to do sth. We have no choice but to turn back.
can/could do nothing but do sth. They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.
get down to doing sth. I'm going to get down to studying English this term.
高考英语语法【非谓语动词】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially （design)to help them succeed academically and personally.
2.Scientists have responded by （note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集）around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉）that populations are higher than they actually are.
3.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive （perform)consistently over a
large area.
4.Earth Day, （mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
5.For the past 20 years,I have lived by these words.Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world.Nervously （face) challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words "Be yourself".
【答案详解】
1.designed 解析：句意：如今，大多数大学都为一年级学生开设一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。a course 与design是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式。
2.noting 解析：介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth.意为“通过做某事回应”。
3.to perform 解析：此处是“主语＋be+adj.+不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示
被动含义。
4.marked 解析：本句是主系表结构，由连系动词is 可知，空处填非谓语动词形式。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念（重要事件）”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day 与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。句意：地球日在4月22日举行，是一项旨在提公众环保意识的年度事件。
5.facing 解析：主语I与face之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。现在分词短
语在句中作状语。
II.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.She failed this English examination again. This is because she sometimes has trouble (pay) attention to her study.
7.To his surprise, Jack found his son (dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.
8. (compare)with the traditional trade mode, they don’t have to spend money in renting a house.However, there are still some disadvantages to online shopping.
9.Another student, a 15 year old girl from Guangdong, was afraid of exams. She would get very upset with the exam paper (lie) in front of her.
10.Failing (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course.
11.Long (consider) a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generally acknowledged to be the peak of Chinese fiction.
12.Once (build), Xiong’an New Area will reduce the burden of Beijing heavily.
13.It is very difficult for parents to decide whether (have) a second child or not.
14.The visitors to Britain may find the most marvellous place (enjoy) the local culture is in a traditional pub.
15.The Yangtze River， (know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.
【答案详解】
6.paying 解析：句意：她这次英语考试又一次没及格。这是因为她有时很难将注意力集中在她的学习上。have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定结构，意为：做某事有困难。
7.dressed 解析：句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb.be/get dressed结构。
8.Compared 解析：句意：与传统的商业模式相比，他们不需要花很多钱去租房子。但是，网购仍然有一些劣势。compared with为独立成分，在句中作状语。
9.lying 解析：考查with＋宾语＋宾补。此处宾语与宾补之间是主动关系，应该用v. ing形式。
10.to turn 解析：句意：不按时交作业会直接影响你某门课程的成绩。fail to do 不能做……；未能做……。
11.considered 解析：考查非谓语动词。逗号后为句子的主体，逗号前应用非谓语动词作状语，consider与the novel为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。
12.built 解析：句意：一旦建成，雄安新区将大大缓解北京的压力。build与主句主语Xiong’an New Area构成动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。此处也可以看作状语从句的省略，完整的从句为Once it is built。
13.to have 解析：考查非谓语动词。decide后用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，故填to have。
14.to enjoy 解析：名词前有形容词最高级修饰时，非谓语动词充当后置定语常用不定式形式。
15.known 解析：主语the Yangtze River和know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。
III.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·单句改错
16.I also noticed that they always seemed to dress well, and always had their hair and make up do.
17.As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Facing with challenges, what should we do？
18.Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.
19.I am writing to keep you informing of something about the severe situation that they are faced with presently.
20.As for me, I am looking forward to spend this precious time with my family before I leave for my college.
【答案详解】
16.do→done 解析：have sth. done为固定结构，表示“让某事被做”。该句中的their hair and make up和动词do是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。
17.Facing→Faced或删掉Facing后的with 解析：考查非谓语动词。be faced with 为固定用法，故将Facing改为Faced。主语we和动词face之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故也可删除with。
18.Thought→Thinking 解析：分析句子结构可知，Thought that his solution might be wrong在句中作状语，think与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故将Thought改为Thinking。
19.informing→informed 解析：keep后跟复合宾语，you与inform之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。
20.spend→spending 解析：look forward to中的to为介词，后应跟动词 ing形式作宾语。
IV.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·短文语法填空
Do you like 21.________(travel) 22.________(stay) healthy while 23.________(travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. Here are the tips you need 24.________(make) your trip much easier. Make sure you have got a 25.________(sign) passport and visa. Also, before you go, fill in the emergency information page of your passport! Make two copies of your passport identification page.This will help a lot if your passport is 26. ________(steal) .Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives.Carry the other with you in a separate place from your passport.
Read the public announcements or travel warnings for the countries you plan 27.________(visit) .Get yourself 28.________(inform) of local laws and customs of the countries to which you are travelling.
Leave a copy of your itinerary(旅行日程) with family or friends at home so that you can be 29.________(contact) in case of an emergency.
Do not accept packages 30.________(give) from strangers.Do not carry too much money or unnecessary credit cards.If you make enough preparations, you will succeed. Have a good time!
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，给要去国外旅行的人提供了一些建议，以保障旅行安全，提高旅行舒造度。
21. travelling 句意：你喜欢旅行吗？本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。like后接动名词表示习惯性的行为。也可接不定式，只是不定式表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的行为，故这里用动名词更合适。
22.Staying 句意：在旅行的时候保持健康能帮助确保你的旅行快乐、有趣。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。用动名词作主语多表示抽象的动作。
23.travelling 解析： 本题考查状语从句的省略。此处省略了主语和be动词，应使用 travelling.
24. to make 句意：这里有你需要的提示来使你的旅途更舒适。本题考查非谓语动词作目的状语。此处缺目的状语，用不定式充当。
25. signed 句意：确保你已经拿到签好了的护照和签证。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。sign和 passport是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。
26.stolen 句意：如果你的护照被偷了，这会很管用。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。此处为过去分词作表语。
27. to visit 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。plan to do sth.计划做某事。
28. informed 句意：使自己了解要去的国家的当地法律和习俗。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。yourself 和inform 之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
29.contacted 句意：留一份旅行日程的复印件给在国内的家人或者朋友，以便万一紧急情况发生他们能联系到你。本题考查动词的语态。设空处为过去分词。
30. given 句意：不要接受陌生人给的包裹。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。give与packages是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。高考英语语法【非谓语动词】易错点30题精讲练原题版
专题八 非谓语动词易错点集锦
一．非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
不定式 一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
不定式 进行式 to be doing 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
二．技巧点拨·如何解答非谓语动词题目
分析句子结构，辨别 “谓语和非谓语” 首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语，如果是，就用谓语形式；如果句子中并不缺谓语，则用非谓语形式。所以在解题过程中，首先必须明白非谓语动词虽然与动词有关，但它们都不是谓语动词。其次，必须培养识别英语句子谓语的能力，因为命题人经常就一些多义词、多性(词性)词，尤其是熟词生义设置题目，增加句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，从而导致考生理解失误，不能正确地划分句子主干，继而造成失分。 [例1] A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. [分析] conducted 本题存在一词多义、一词多性的特征，由于不能找到正确的谓语动词，考生容易误填was conducted或were conducted。因name的常见词性为名词，考生会将题干中的“names”误认为是名词name的复数形式。其实，在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”，因主语“A study of travelers(一项关于游客的研究)”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式names。找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“conduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定语。
2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系 非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用 现在分词形式。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。 [例2] The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (return) to our shop for quality problems. [分析] returned 句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。句中已有谓语动词comes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式；且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。
3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序 非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如to have done, having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing, doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 [例3] (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. [分析] Having worked 考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填to work表示目的。然而，本题考查的是非谓语动词与谓语动词存在时间先后关系时的用法。并且句中的主语Steve与work之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词的完成式having done。
三．非谓语动词作主语和表语的易错点
1.不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。 注意：不定式作表语时： ①表示预定要发生的动作； ②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语； ③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent. To get there by bike will take us half an hour. It's our duty to take good care of the old. To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. His wish is to be a doctor in the future. What I want to do most in senior high school is (to) improve my English. (如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to)
动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容。 常用于动名词作主语的句型： ①It’s a waste of time doing... ②It’s no use/good doing... ③It is useless doing... ④There is no doing... Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. Of course, enjoying a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can impact our spirits. It is a waste of time going to the doctor with most mild complaints. It’s no use complaining without taking action. It is no use fishing in this river; there are none left.
3.V-ed形式不作主语，作表语时常表示主语的状态。 The window is broken. After the long journey, they are exhausted.
四．非谓语动词作定语时易错点
1.不定式作定语 ①.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。 ②.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 ③.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 不定式作定语易错点： ①不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 ②不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式； ③当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。 The play to be produced next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on. Have you got anything to buy 你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者) I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch． I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought 我想去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)
2.分词作定语 ①作定语的及物动词的分词形式有： 现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。 ②作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为： 现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. On receiving a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students. The most common error made in hanging pictures is to hang them too high. Local people invited to attend a meeting are very pleased to share their experiences of hospital services.
五．非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)； 表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)； 表示被动、进行用being done； 表示主动、尚未进行用to do； 表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较： ①Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies. ②The bridge built in 2017 was designed by a local company. ③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. ④The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.
六．非谓语动词作宾语易错点
不定式作宾语 The driver failed to see the other car in time. I happen to know the answer to your question.
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用形式宾语it We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well.
V-ing 形式作宾语 We're considering paying a visit to the Science Museum. They only allow smoking in restricted areas.
七．非谓语动词作宾语补足语易错点
1.不定式作宾补 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
2.现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。 I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room. On the top of the hill,he could see smoke rising from the chimneys.
3.过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。 When they got there,they found the house burnt down. The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked.
八．特定动词后非谓语动词形式易错点
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish；refuse, manage，care, pretend； offer, promise, choose, plan；agree, ask/beg, help The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case. Soon the villagers couldn't afford to buy food for themselves. I managed to get all the ironing done this morning. I promise to come for a long visit.
2.只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语： consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon；admit, delay/put off, fancy avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice；deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate；forbid/avoid, imagine, risk； can’t help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 There is no doubt that the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city. I always imagine flying like a bird. I avoid working in places which are too public.
3.不定式在特定的动词后作宾补的动词(短语) advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。 I can't decide which to buy. We don't know how to put it into practice. Mum forbad them to play ball in the public garden. He'd managed to persuade Dad to buy a car for him. How could you allow him to do something like that
want, need, require作“需要”讲时，后接V-ing形式，主动形式表达被动含义； （若用不定式则用to be done） 与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得) My car needs washing/to be washed. The house wants painting/to be painted. Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.
以下词可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式，意义基本相同： prefer, like, love, start, begin, hate, intend等 I prefer going to the cinema tonight. I prefer to go to the cinema tonight. I intend to rewrite the story for younger children. I intend rewriting the story for younger children.
6.接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。 在动词learn, decide, know, wonder, show, teach, tell, understand, explain, advise, find out等词后作宾语。 Please show us how to do that. I can’t decide what to buy. We don’t know how to put it into practice.
7.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词 ①try to do 尽力做…… try doing 试着去做…… ②mean to do打算做…… mean doing 意味着…… ③regret to do遗憾要去做…… regret doing后悔做过…… ④remember to do 记得去做…… remember doing记得做过…… ⑤forget to do忘记去做…… forget doing 忘记做了…… ⑥can't help(to) do 不能帮忙做某事 can’t help doing 禁不住做某事 Life isn’t a match. It’s a journey. If you spend that journey always trying to impress others, you’re wasting your life. I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. I didn't mean to bother you. What he said means going there by air. Don't forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom. I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. I'm very busy now,so I can't help (to)clean the room. The girl couldn't help crying when she saw her mother again.
8.V-ing形式还可以充当介词的宾语 动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有： be/get used to (习惯于) feel like (想要) insist on (坚持) object to (反对) get down to (开始认真做某事) devote...to...(致力于……) stick to (坚持) give up (放弃)等 此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； have fun (in) doing sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。 Don’t forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom. He entered the chemistry lab without being permitted. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by describing various sounds. Just stop talking and get down to working. Many local people object to the building of the new airport. Do you feel like eating out tonight If she had had to give up riding she might have taken up sailing competitively. Many students have difficulty in delivering a speech in public, but they can overcome it through training.
九．非谓语动词作状语易错点
不定式 作状语 1.作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. He opened the door for the children to come in.
2.结果状语，常用于下列结构中： only to do(表示意想不到的结果) enough to do(足够做……) too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此…以至于…)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. I drove to the parking lot only to find it was fully parked with all kinds of vehicles. He was so excited as to be unable to speak. The ice is thick enough to walk on. The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.
3.原因状语 常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。 I was surprised to find him here. They were really pleased to see me stick with it. We are very sad to hear that you are leaving.
现在分词 作状语 分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
1.表示原因，一般式表示动作与句子谓语动词同时发生；完成式表示动作早于主句动作发生。 Standing on the top of the mountain,I felt relaxed. Having been told the meeting was cancelled, I went home after work.
2.表示时间，其动作在句子谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。 While waiting for the train,I had a long talk with Mary. Having finished his homework,Tom went to play basketball.
3.表示方式或伴随情况，常跟在句子后。 At the bell of the class,he came running into the classroom.
4.表示结果，跟在句后。 The plane crashed,killing all the people on board.
5.表示条件，置于句首或句末。 Working hard,you'll succeed one day.
6.表示让步，置于句首或句末。 Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistakes.
过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
1.表示时间 When asked her further plans,she said that she wanted to be a nurse.
2.表示原因 Born into a poor family,he had only two years of schooling.
3.表示条件 If taken according to the directions,the medicine has no side effect.
4.表示结果 The girl met with an accident,wounded in the head..
5表示让步 Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in finding a job.
6表示方式或伴随 The old man got off the bed,supported by his son.
独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
generally speaking(to be general)一般来说 honestly/roughly/strictly speaking 老实说/大体说/严格说 frankly speaking/to be frank坦白说 judging from/by根据……来判断 taking...into consideration/account考虑到…… considering/seeing/given...考虑到…… to tell the truth/to be honest说实话 compared with/by与……相比 to make things worse更糟糕的是
十．独立主格结构易错点
非谓语动词本身有动词的特性，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，用独立主格结构表示。
独立主格结构作状语 1.名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式( 主动表被动) Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
2.with/without＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语) With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on.
十一．非谓语动词的常用结构
have/get sth.done You'd better have/get your car checked.
make sb./sth.done That's a special way to make myself understood.
make/have/let sb.do sth. The teacher made/had/let us finish the homework.
get sb.to do sth. You should get your parents to help you.
find/catch sb.doing sth. He was found/caught stealing in the shop.
find sth.done He found his room broken into.
感官动词（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth. +doing sth. I saw him working in the garden.
感官动词（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth.+done Did you see the bridge washed away by the flood
感官动词（feel,hear,see，notice等）＋sb./sth.+do sth. I noticed my teacher enter the classroom.
be worth doing sth.(主动形式表示被动意义） The film is well worth seeing.
be busy/occupied doing sth. I'm busy writing a book.
spend time/money(in)doing sth. They spent three months(in)learning French.
have difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in) doing sth. We have no difficulty(in)finding his house.
There is no point(in)doing sth. There is no point(in)waiting for him any longer.
have no choice but to do sth. We have no choice but to turn back.
can/could do nothing but do sth. They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.
get down to doing sth. I'm going to get down to studying English this term.
高考英语语法【非谓语动词】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially （design)to help them succeed academically and personally.
2.Scientists have responded by （note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集）around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉）that populations are higher than they actually are.
3.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive （perform)consistently over a
large area.
4.Earth Day, （mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
5.For the past 20 years,I have lived by these words.Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world.Nervously （face) challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words "Be yourself".
II.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.She failed this English examination again. This is because she sometimes has trouble (pay) attention to her study.
7.To his surprise, Jack found his son (dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.
8. (compare)with the traditional trade mode, they don’t have to spend money in renting a house.However, there are still some disadvantages to online shopping.
9.Another student, a 15 year old girl from Guangdong, was afraid of exams. She would get very upset with the exam paper (lie) in front of her.
10.Failing (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course.
11.Long (consider) a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generally acknowledged to be the peak of Chinese fiction.
12.Once (build), Xiong’an New Area will reduce the burden of Beijing heavily.
13.It is very difficult for parents to decide whether (have) a second child or not.
14.The visitors to Britain may find the most marvellous place (enjoy) the local culture is in a traditional pub.
15.The Yangtze River， (know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.
III.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·单句改错
16.I also noticed that they always seemed to dress well, and always had their hair and make up do.
17.As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Facing with challenges, what should we do？
18.Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.
19.I am writing to keep you informing of something about the severe situation that they are faced with presently.
20.As for me, I am looking forward to spend this precious time with my family before I leave for my college.
IV.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·短文语法填空
Do you like 21.________(travel) 22.________(stay) healthy while 23.________(travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. Here are the tips you need 24.________(make) your trip much easier. Make sure you have got a 25.________(sign) passport and visa. Also, before you go, fill in the emergency information page of your passport! Make two copies of your passport identification page.This will help a lot if your passport is 26. ________(steal) .Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives.Carry the other with you in a separate place from your passport.
Read the public announcements or travel warnings for the countries you plan 27.________(visit) .Get yourself 28.________(inform) of local laws and customs of the countries to which you are travelling.
Leave a copy of your itinerary(旅行日程) with family or friends at home so that you can be 29.________(contact) in case of an emergency.
Do not accept packages 30.________(give) from strangers.Do not carry too much money or unnecessary credit cards.If you make enough preparations, you will succeed. Have a good time!
