高考英语语法【虚拟语气】易错点30题精讲练解析版
专题十 虚拟语气易错点集锦
一．虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中的应用
虚拟条件从句(if) 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 主语+did/were 主语+should/would/could/might+do
与过去事实相反的假设 主语+had done 主语+should/would/could/might+have done
与将来事实相反的假设 主语+ 1.did/were 2.should do 3.were to do 主语+should/would/could/might+do
二．技巧点拨·如何判定情态动词和虚拟语气
1．意义和语气判断法 所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。 [例1] George (not go) too far. His coffee is still warm. [分析] can’t/couldn’t have gone 由下文的His coffee is still warm可以看出，乔治应该是刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，应填can’t/couldn’t have gone。
2．时间判断法 虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。 [例2] I wish I (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. [分析] had been 句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last Tuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构。故答案为had been。
三．虚拟语气的易错点
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 与现在事实相反 If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
与过去事实相反 If you hadn't encouraged me, I would not have been admitted to this university.
与将来事实相反 If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
混合条件句 If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.
含蓄条件句 由介词（短语）with, without, but for, in that position等，或由连词 or, otherwise, and, but, but that 等代替 if 条件句 I couldn't have finished the work on time without your help. But for your timely warning,we would have got into great trouble. It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere to stay now.
省略if的虚拟语气 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首，形成倒装 Were he here, everything would be alright. Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. Had I not left that comment, I would not have had that opportunity.
虚拟语气用于其它状语从句 as if/though 引导的让步和方式状语从句 He looks as if he were an artist. He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.
in order that, so that, in case, for fear that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词可用（should) do Keep quiet in case you(should)interrupt him. She is now studying hard for fear that she(should)fail in the exam.
虚拟语气用于主语从句之中 necessary, natural, strange, important, surprising, vital等用于句型“It is+adj.+that...”中，that 引导的主语从句中谓语动词常用“（should)do”形式 It is necessary that he(should)sort out the information for my reference. It is strange that he(should)fall in love with such a snobbish girl.
demanded, required, desired, suggested, ordered, decided, requested, recommended等用于句型“It is+过去分词＋that...”中，that 引导的主语从句中谓语动词常用“（should) do”形式 It is demanded that atomic weapons (should)be prohibited. It is ordered that you(should) be present at the meeting. It is suggested that middle school students (should) take at least one hour exercise every day. It is required that we (should) clean the room every day.
虚拟语气用于宾语从句之中 suggest(建议），arrange, command, demand, desire, insist(坚决要求），order, propose, request, require 等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“（should)do”形式 I propose that he (should) put an advertisement in the local paper They insist that I(should)stay there for supper. She suggested that Dale join the debating team, believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
wish 后的宾语从句 I wish that he visited us today. I wish that he had visited us/could have visited us yesterday. I wish that he would/could/might visit us tomorrow.
虚拟语气用于表语从句之中 suggestion, proposal, demand, request, order, advice, desire等名词后面的表语从句中谓语动词用“（should)do”形式 His suggestion is that we(should)put the meeting off. All my request is that you(should)be there early。 My proposal was that necessary measures (should) be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations.
虚拟语气的特殊用法 if only 句式 If only I were a superman. If only you had listened to our advice!
在“It's(high)time(that)...”句型中，从句的谓语动词一般用过去时或“should do”形式，should不可以省略 It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem. It is high time that you got up/should get up.
高考英语语法【虚拟语气】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they_______（accomplish) the task in half the time.
2. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I_______（have) a second chance to become more involved.
3._______（be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
4. Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths wouldn't_______（fall) since their highest in 2005.
5. I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I_______（injure).
【答案详解】
1. would have accomplished 解析·句意：工人们没有被更好地组织，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，would have done sth.意为“本来能够做某事”。
2. had 解析：句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。wish 后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had.
3. Were 解析：虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were; 虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were/Should/Had I..., 故填Were
4. have fallen 解析：句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。从句“Had...not worked together”是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用 wouldn't have done.
5. would have been injured 解析·句意：我当时系着安全带。如来没系的话，我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadn't been wearing one可知，此处衣达与过去事实相后的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语用 would have been injured.
II.精选典题虚拟语气专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.If the new safety system (bring) into use, the accident would never have happened.
7.When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I (answer) your call.
8.As the deadline is drawing near, no one leave with his own work uncompleted.
9.The order came that the medical supplies (send) to the earthquake stricken area soon.
10.It is high time that you (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.
11.I was ill that day, otherwise I (take) part in the sports meet.
12. —I (not) thank you enough for what you have done for me.
—You’re welcome.
13.Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He have drunk too much at the party last night.
14.John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he (come) tomorrow than today.
15.As Father and Mother thought it was a big occasion for me, they suggested I (hold) a birthday party at home to celebrate it.
【答案详解】
6.had been brought 解析：句意：如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以及主句中的would never have happened可知，句中If引导的是虚拟条件句，且表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故从句时态应用过去完成时。
7.had answered 解析：句意：当你给我打电话的时候，我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。wish后的从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以谓语动词用had done形式。
8.shall 解析：句意：因为截止日期即将到来，不完成工作，任何人不许离开。shall用于第三人称陈述句中，表示命令、警告，符合句意。
9.(should) be sent 解析：表示建议、要求、命令等名词，如：suggestion, order, request, advice等后接的表语从句、同位语从句中谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
10.considered/should consider 解析：在It is high time that...句式中，从句用虚拟语气，即：谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形。
11.would have taken 解析：句意：那天我病了，否则我就参加运动会了。根据语境可推知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为would have taken。
12.can’t 解析：句意：——你为我做的一切我无论怎么感谢都不为过。——不用谢。can not...enough表示“再……也不为过”。
13.must 解析：句意：Harry觉得不舒服，他昨晚在聚会上肯定喝太多了。由last night及语境可知，此处表示对过去的肯定情况把握较大的推测。must have done sth.“一定做了某事”。
14.came 解析：句意：约翰现在想看我，但是我手头有很多工作要做，我宁愿他明天来而不是今天。would rather后面接从句，用虚拟语气，和现在或将来相反用一般过去式，和过去相反用过去完成时，故填came。
15.(should) hold 解析：suggest表示“建议”时后面宾语从句的谓语动词应用(should＋)动词原形，故填(should) hold。
III.精选典题虚拟语气专题对点训练·单句改错
16.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraged, my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them.
17.We needn’t to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time for after school activities.
18.In my opinion, by doing part time jobs, college students must gain some social experience and broaden their outlooks.
19.When I got the papers, I realized that things would be better if I listened to the teacher attentively.
20.When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you are inside a fragile, white seashell.
【答案详解】
16.must→could 解析：根据语境可知，该句表示“过去本能够做但却未做”，故用could have done。
17.去掉to 解析：need可作实义动词，有时态和数的变化；也可作情态动词，后接动词原形。根据needn’t可知，need在此为情态动词，后接动词原形。
18.must→can 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示通过做业余工作能够获得社会经验，而不是一定获得。
19.在listened前加had 解析：根据语境和主句中的谓语realized可知，if引导的条件状语从句所叙述的事情与过去的事实相反，应用虚拟语气，故if条件状语从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。
20.are→were 解析：as if后接表语从句，根据句意“你感觉自己像是身处于一枚易碎的白色贝壳之内”可知，此处是对现在事实的虚拟，从句应用一般过去时。
IV.精选典题虚拟语气专题对点训练·短文语法填空
Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if they 21. (be)the same person.Both the two boys are smart,but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams while
Peter doesn't.However,people believe if Peter 22. (work)as hard as Tom,he would do as well as his brother in his study.
At home,their parents suggest that they 23. (finish)their homework before playing computer games.But Peter insists that it 24. (be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time.Their mother gives in in the end.
One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake.So he put his exercise book aside and used another one.When Peter found the previous exercise book,he struck out Tom's name and signed his name on its cover happily,and handed it in as his own homework the next day.
When the teacher told the truth to the twins' mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter,"How I wish you 25. (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it's time that I 26. (give)you a good lesson. And you 27. play any computer games for a month!”
＂Oh, no!Mom. 28. a computer for such a long time,I would die.I would rather you
29. (ask)me to do the dishes for a month alone."Peter was upset.
“If you 30. (finish)your homework on time yesterday,you wouldn't be punished now," said the mother.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。汤姆和彼得是双胞胎兄弟，他们虽然长得很像但在学习态度上却迥然不同。
21.were 解析：此处应用虚拟语气，主句谓语动词look与as if从句谓语动词 be没有先后顺序，故设空处用 were.
22.worked 解析：句意：人们认为如果彼得像汤姆那样努力学习，在学习上他会和汤姆一样好。根据句意可知if从句为表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 worked.
23.(should)finish 解析：suggest作“建议”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。
24.is 解析：本句中的insist意为“坚持认为”，故用陈述语气。当insist作“坚决要求”讲时才用虚拟语气，即其宾语从句的谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。
25.were 解析：wish 后的宾语从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故填were.
26.gave/should give 解析：＂It is time+that 从句”，that从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形。
27.mustn't 解析：此处表示“禁止”，故答案为 mustn't.
28.Without 解析：without表示没有，句意为：如果那么长时间不玩电脑，我会死掉的。
29.asked 解析：由 would rather sb.did sth.可知填 asked.
30.had finished 解析：本句中的if 从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为had finished。高考英语语法【虚拟语气】易错点30题精讲练原题版
专题十 虚拟语气易错点集锦
一．虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中的应用
虚拟条件从句(if) 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 主语+did/were 主语+should/would/could/might+do
与过去事实相反的假设 主语+had done 主语+should/would/could/might+have done
与将来事实相反的假设 主语+ 1.did/were 2.should do 3.were to do 主语+should/would/could/might+do
二．技巧点拨·如何判定情态动词和虚拟语气
1．意义和语气判断法 所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。 [例1] George (not go) too far. His coffee is still warm. [分析] can’t/couldn’t have gone 由下文的His coffee is still warm可以看出，乔治应该是刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，应填can’t/couldn’t have gone。
2．时间判断法 虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。 [例2] I wish I (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. [分析] had been 句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last Tuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构。故答案为had been。
三．虚拟语气的易错点
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 与现在事实相反 If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
与过去事实相反 If you hadn't encouraged me, I would not have been admitted to this university.
与将来事实相反 If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
混合条件句 If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.
含蓄条件句 由介词（短语）with, without, but for, in that position等，或由连词 or, otherwise, and, but, but that 等代替 if 条件句 I couldn't have finished the work on time without your help. But for your timely warning,we would have got into great trouble. It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere to stay now.
省略if的虚拟语气 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首，形成倒装 Were he here, everything would be alright. Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. Had I not left that comment, I would not have had that opportunity.
虚拟语气用于其它状语从句 as if/though 引导的让步和方式状语从句 He looks as if he were an artist. He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.
in order that, so that, in case, for fear that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词可用（should) do Keep quiet in case you(should)interrupt him. She is now studying hard for fear that she(should)fail in the exam.
虚拟语气用于主语从句之中 necessary, natural, strange, important, surprising, vital等用于句型“It is+adj.+that...”中，that 引导的主语从句中谓语动词常用“（should)do”形式 It is necessary that he(should)sort out the information for my reference. It is strange that he(should)fall in love with such a snobbish girl.
demanded, required, desired, suggested, ordered, decided, requested, recommended等用于句型“It is+过去分词＋that...”中，that 引导的主语从句中谓语动词常用“（should) do”形式 It is demanded that atomic weapons (should)be prohibited. It is ordered that you(should) be present at the meeting. It is suggested that middle school students (should) take at least one hour exercise every day. It is required that we (should) clean the room every day.
虚拟语气用于宾语从句之中 suggest(建议），arrange, command, demand, desire, insist(坚决要求），order, propose, request, require 等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“（should)do”形式 I propose that he (should) put an advertisement in the local paper They insist that I(should)stay there for supper. She suggested that Dale join the debating team, believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
wish 后的宾语从句 I wish that he visited us today. I wish that he had visited us/could have visited us yesterday. I wish that he would/could/might visit us tomorrow.
虚拟语气用于表语从句之中 suggestion, proposal, demand, request, order, advice, desire等名词后面的表语从句中谓语动词用“（should)do”形式 His suggestion is that we(should)put the meeting off. All my request is that you(should)be there early。 My proposal was that necessary measures (should) be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations.
虚拟语气的特殊用法 if only 句式 If only I were a superman. If only you had listened to our advice!
在“It's(high)time(that)...”句型中，从句的谓语动词一般用过去时或“should do”形式，should不可以省略 It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem. It is high time that you got up/should get up.
高考英语语法【虚拟语气】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they_______（accomplish) the task in half the time.
2. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I_______（have) a second chance to become more involved.
3._______（be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
4. Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths wouldn't_______（fall) since their highest in 2005.
5. I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I_______（injure).
II.精选典题虚拟语气专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.If the new safety system (bring) into use, the accident would never have happened.
7.When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I (answer) your call.
8.As the deadline is drawing near, no one leave with his own work uncompleted.
9.The order came that the medical supplies (send) to the earthquake stricken area soon.
10.It is high time that you (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.
11.I was ill that day, otherwise I (take) part in the sports meet.
12. —I (not) thank you enough for what you have done for me.
—You’re welcome.
13.Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He have drunk too much at the party last night.
14.John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he (come) tomorrow than today.
15.As Father and Mother thought it was a big occasion for me, they suggested I (hold) a birthday party at home to celebrate it.
III.精选典题虚拟语气专题对点训练·单句改错
16.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraged, my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them.
17.We needn’t to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time for after school activities.
18.In my opinion, by doing part time jobs, college students must gain some social experience and broaden their outlooks.
19.When I got the papers, I realized that things would be better if I listened to the teacher attentively.
20.When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you are inside a fragile, white seashell.
IV.精选典题虚拟语气专题对点训练·短文语法填空
Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if they 21. (be)the same person.Both the two boys are smart,but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams while
Peter doesn't.However,people believe if Peter 22. (work)as hard as Tom,he would do as well as his brother in his study.
At home,their parents suggest that they 23. (finish)their homework before playing computer games.But Peter insists that it 24. (be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time.Their mother gives in in the end.
One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake.So he put his exercise book aside and used another one.When Peter found the previous exercise book,he struck out Tom's name and signed his name on its cover happily,and handed it in as his own homework the next day.
When the teacher told the truth to the twins' mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter,"How I wish you 25. (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it's time that I 26. (give)you a good lesson. And you 27. play any computer games for a month!”
＂Oh, no!Mom. 28. a computer for such a long time,I would die.I would rather you
29. (ask)me to do the dishes for a month alone."Peter was upset.
“If you 30. (finish)your homework on time yesterday,you wouldn't be punished now," said the mother.
