(共14张PPT)
主谓一致
Learning aims:
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
1.掌握主谓一致的三种原则
2.知晓主谓一致的其他情况
英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致、时态的一致、名词和代词的一致、并列结构中成分的一致。
主语和谓语保持一致被称为主谓一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。
主语和谓语的一致
主谓一致三大原则
一、语法一致:即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of yourself, but of all those people arond you.
内心的阳光不仅温暖了自己的心,也温暖了你周围人的心。
(inner sunshin 是不可数名词,因此位谓语动词也用单数形式)
April showers bring May flowers.
(April showers 是复数名词,谓语动词也用复数形式)
二、意义一致:从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上是复数,那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式,反之亦然。
1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Two thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a girl.
对一个女孩来说,2,000美元是好多钱。
2.“分数/百分数/a lot of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some of...+名词”构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由短语中的名词来确定。
The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三,剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
易错提示:
“a quantity/quantities+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应根据quantity的单复数形式而定。
3.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为“许多”;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,意为“……的数量”。
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
受到邀请的总共有50人,但其中有许多人因为各种原因缺席了。
4.people, police等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。family, team, class, audience等作主语时,若指一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若指组成集体的成员,则用复数形式。
The family as well as their dog were trapped on the roof by the flood yesterday.昨天那家人还有他们的狗都被洪水困在屋顶。
The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小单元。
5.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand,the old always consider the young inexperienced.
一方面,年轻人常认为老年人保守;另一方面,老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。
三、就近一致:谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近的主语保持一致。
1.由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only... but also..., not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式常和离它最近的主语保持一致。
Not only Peter but also his two sisters take great interest in the piano lessons.
不仅是彼得就连他的两个姐姐也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
2.there be 句型中,两个或多个并列名词作主语时,be的形式与其最邻近的名词保持一致。
There is a computer and three chairs in my new office.在我的新办公室里有一台电脑和三把椅子。
主谓一致的其他情况:
1,定语从句中的主谓一致
①依先行词而定
定语从句中的谓语动词应视先行词的单复数而定,先行词是单数,定语从句中的谓语动词也用单数形式;先行词是复数,定语从句中的谓语动词也用复数形式。
I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。
②“one of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词的复数形式 ”;the (only) one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数形式。
Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded.杰夫是当时用嘉奖的新闻记者之一。
(先行词是the journalists 因此谓语动词应根据the journalists而定)
Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded.杰夫是唯一受嘉奖的新闻记者。
(先行词是the only one , 因此定语从句的谓语动词需根据the only one 而定。)
2,不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。但what引导的主语从句意义上表示复数,或what从句中有两个(以上的)动词,是表示复数意义的并列结构时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.夏天在河里游泳是一项很好的运动,但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
What the teacher has said leaves much for us to think about.老师说的话发人深省。
What we badly need are teachers.我们急需的是老师。
What I say and think are none of your business.我说什么、想什么与你无关。
3,如果主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,rather than,but,except,including, in addition to, in common with等词加其他名词,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers was sent to the village school last week.
上周现代化的教学设备和几百台电脑被送到了那所乡村学校。
4,以-sh、-ese、-ch结尾。表示国家、民族的形容词与the 连用时表示复数含义。谓语动词用复数形式。
The Chinese are a hard-working people.
中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。
The English like to be with their family at Christmas.
圣诞节是英国人喜欢与家人在一起。
5,one ,every, each, everybody,everyone,one of, on one, nothing, nobody, someone,somebody,either,neither,many a 等作主语或者修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.
晚饭后许多学生在校园里散步。
Exercise
1. Sharing food and drink ___(be) one of everyday habits that should be
changed forever after the coronavirus.
is
[解析] 主句的主语是动名词短语Sharing food and drink,谓语动词要用单数形式。此处指客观事实,用一般现在时。故填is。
2. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______
(wear) evening dress.
wears
[解析] 根据主句谓语动词is可知,从句时态用一般现在时。“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。故填wears。
Thanks for listening!