寒假提升第四讲 名词-【寒假分层训练】2025年七年级英语（冀教版）【含答案解析】

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第4讲 名词
【可数名词】
可数名词的复数形式：
（1）规则变化
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s map→maps　bag→bags
以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses watch→watcheswish→wishes box→boxes (特例:stomach→stomachs)
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es baby→babiescity→cities country→countries
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 加-s monkey→monkeysholiday→holidays toy→toys
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词 表示有生命的词,加-es hero→heroespotato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 【巧学妙记】英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
表示无生命的词,加-s photo→photospiano→pianos
　以“元音字母+o”结尾的词 加-s zoo→zoosradio→radios kangaroo→kangaroos video→videos
　以f或fe 结尾的词 　大多数变f或fe为ve,再加-s shelf→shelves thief→thievesknife→knives leaf→leaves
特殊名词 只有复数形式 trousers, glasses(眼镜)clothes, pants, jeans, scissors
　表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
　变词尾的man为men Englishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加-s German→GermansAmerican→Americans Canadian→Canadians
【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变, 其他后面加-s
（2）不规则变法：
类别 构成方法 例词
特殊名词 　改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet tooth→teethman→men mouse→mice woman→women
词尾加-en或-ren ox→oxen(公牛) child→children
单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, spacecraft, fish(表示鱼的种类多时,fish的复数为fishes)
拓展：当名词作定语时,其单复数形式的使用原则如下:
(1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:country music乡村音乐, computer games电脑游戏, boy students男学生, girl friends女性朋友
(2)个别名词作定语,要用复数形式。如:clothes store服装店, sports meeting运动会
(3)man 和woman作定语,和后面名词的单复数形式保持一致。如:man doctor→men doctors男医生,woman teacher→women teachers女老师
【集体名词】
(1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如people(人们), police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。
一名警察 a police(×) a policeman/policewoman(√)
一个人 a people(×) a person(√)
(2)family, class, team等集体名词作主语,强调整体时谓语动词用单数形式,强调整体中的成员时谓语动词则用复数形式。
His family has moved to Beijing.
他的一家已经搬到北京去了。
His family are having lunch.
他的家人正在吃午饭。
以-s结尾但仍为单数的名词,如maths, politics, physics等学科名词(不可数名词),news(不可数名词)和the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等也视为单数。
一、单项选择
1．—There are many ________ of this farm.
—Yes, you can see some ________ in them.
A．photo; potato B．photos; potatos C．photos; potatoes D．photoes; potatoes
2．—How many ________ do you have
—I have three.
A．brother B．sisters C．brother’s D．sister
3．When you learn new words, try to make ________ with them to help you remember the words better.
A．letters B．words C．sentences D．sentence
4．—What are these —They are ________.
A．tomato plants B．baby chicken C．apples trees D．baby goose
5．—My grandparents have three ________.
—Tom, Lucy and me.
A．grandchild B．grandchildren C．grandchilds D．grandchildrens
6．Can you see some ________ on the hill
A．sheep running B．sheep are running C．sheeps running D．sheep to run
7．Let’s make two ________.
A．snowmans B．snowman C．snowmen D．a snowman
8．I have two ________ and ten ________.
A．foot; finger B．feet; fingers C．foots; fingers D．feet; finger
9．— Would you like some milk ________ sugar
— No, thanks. Too much sugar is bad for our ________.
A．without; tooth B．with; tooth C．with; teeth D．without; teeth
10．—How many people are there in your family
—There are ________.
A．five peoples B．five people C．fifth people D．fifth peoples
二、单词拼写
11．Ladies and (gentleman), that day has come.
12．How many (goose) can you see
13．How many (sheep) does my uncle have
14．They are those (child) bags.
15．John, please brush your (tooth).
16．How amazing! The little cat caught two (mouse) last night.
17．I saw two (mouse) in the kitchen.
18．The coats under the tree are those (child).
19．In autumn, (leaf) turn brown and start falling from the trees.
20．Are they (Japanese)
三、完形填空
My uncle has a big 21 . Many animals are 22 the farm. They are cows, chickens, ducks, 23 , pigs and dogs. The farm is big but my uncle keeps it 24 . You can 25 lovely flowers there. There are 26 trees. One is an apple tree, the other is an orange tree. I like to live there, 27 I don’t have much free time. I 28 to go to school on weekdays. So on the weekend I often go there to help (帮助) 29 uncle. I often help him feed cows, pigs and chickens. All (所有) of these 30 are kind to me. The dogs like to run around me and I like to play with them. The ducks like to swim in the river. The pig like to sleep. They are so cute.
21．A．farm B．house C．room D．classroom
22．A．on B．in C．under D．at
23．A．sheep B．potatoes C．flowers D．lakes
24．A．small B．bad C．cute D．tidy
25．A．see B．look C．watch D．read
26．A．one B．two C．three D．four
27．A．and B．but C．so D．or
28．A．keep B．ask C．need D．spell
29．A．your B．my C．his D．her
30．A．animals B．people C．plants D．trees
四、阅读理解
“Mom, I need one dollar,” Beth said.
“Why ” her mom asked.
“My friend Ben is going to buy an ice cream. I need a dollar to get one, too,” she said.
“Sorry, I can’t help you,” Mom said. Beth was sad about this.
“Beth, ice cream is not something you need. That is something you want,” her mom said.
“What is the difference ” Beth asked.
“A need is something that you must have.” Her mom said.
“Oh, is it something like food and water ” Beth asked.
“Yes, that is right. Ice cream is a treat (乐趣) but not a must. It is something you want,” Beth’s mom said.
“I think I get it now. Can I do the housework for my dollar ” Beth said.
“That is a great idea!” Mom said.
31．Why does Beth need one dollar
A．To buy an ice cream. B．To give Ben an ice cream. C．To go to the school.
32．Which of the following is something you need
A． B． C．
33．The underlined word “it” refers to ________.
A．food B．water C．ice cream
34．What might happen (发生) next
A．Beth cleaned the bedroom.
B．Beth was unhappy with her mom.
C．Beth asked her dad for one dollar.
五、任务型阅读
请阅读下面语篇，根据语篇内容回答问题。
Wu Binbin is a student in No. 1 Middle School. He goes to school at 8:00 a.m. from Monday to Friday. They have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. From 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. students have lunch in the school dining hall.
Tuesday and Thursday are his favorite days, because he has art. It is so much fun and he likes it a lot. After class, they go to different clubs. On Mondays, he goes to the sports club and plays ball games with his classmates. On Tuesday and Thursday afternoons, he goes to the English Corner (英语角) to have conversations with other students in English. On Wednesdays and Fridays, he goes to the homework club and does his homework there. He also asks the teachers questions. In the afternoon, school finishes at 5:00 p.m.
There are many activities in his school, too. This month, they have the School Day. Parents can come to school and spend an afternoon with their kids. Here is the invitation (邀请函) students make for the School Day.
Parents like it very much because it’s a good way for them to get to know their children better.
35．Why does Wu Binbin like art
36．How long does Wu Binbin stay at school every day
37．What does Wu Binbin do at the homework club
38．When is the School Day in No. 1 Middle School What do parents think of it
39．What’s your favorite school activity Why do you like it
六、短文填空
根据图片、内容及元音提示写出单词，使文章的意思完整正确。注意：所写单词必须包含所给元音。
例: My name is David. I love ________ (/ :/), and I like basketball very much.
答案: sports
A healthy diet with exercise will help you look better, feel better and live longer. But I am sad to say that many children don’t have a healthy lifestyle. They eat much fast food like French fries and fried chicken. 40 (/ /) too much fast food is not good. If you 41 (/ /) like to live a long and healthy life, you have to look after your living habits.
It is 42 (/ :/) to get a yearly physical examination (年度体检), too. You don’t 43 (/ /) to hear any bad news, but the doctor will tell you how healthy you are. It’s also a good idea for you to read a book on healthy eating. From the book, you may find some useful tips on how to eat healthily.
I am in good 44 (/e/) now. People tell me that I look very young. Healthy eating has helped me and it will also help you!
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参考答案：
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 C B C A B A C B C B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 A A A D A B B C B A
题号 31 32 33 34
答案 A B C A
1．C
【详解】句意：——有很多这个农场的照片。——是的，你可以在照片里面看到一些土豆。
考查名词的数。photo照片，单数形式；photos照片，复数形式；photoes错误表达；potato土豆，单数形式；potatos错误表达；potatoes土豆，复数形式。根据“many”可知，第一空用photo的复数形式photos；根据“some”可知，第二空用potato的复数形式potatoes。故选C。
2．B
【详解】句意：——你有几个姐妹？——我有三个。
考查名词复数。How many询问可数名词的数量，后面跟可数名词复数。故选B。
3．C
【详解】句意：当你学习生词时，试着用它们造句以帮助你更好地记住单词。
考查名词词义辨析和名词复数。letters字母；words单词；sentences句子；sentence句子，单数。根据“When you learn new words”可知，此处指试着用生词造句，make sentences with意为“造句”，要用sentence的复数形式。故选C。
4．A
【详解】句意：——这些是什么？——它们是西红柿植株。
考查名词短语辨析。tomato plants西红柿植株；baby chicken小鸡；apples trees表述错误；baby goose小鹅。根据“—What are these —They are….”可知，需要用可数名词复数形式来进行回答；从各选项在语法和表意上判断，选项A“tomato plants”符合。故选A。
5．B
【详解】句意：——我祖父母有三个孙子孙女。——汤姆、露西和我。
考查名词的数。根据“My grandparents have three”可知，此处指的是三个孙子孙女，应该填名词复数grandchildren“孙子/女”。故选B。
6．A
【详解】句意：你能看到一些羊在山上奔跑吗？
考查名词的数和现在分词作宾语补足语。sheep为单复数同形的可数名词，其复数形式仍为sheep，排除C；see sb/sth doing sth“看见某人某物做某事”，此处应用动词run的现在分词作宾语补足语。故选A。
7．C
【详解】句意：我们来做两个雪人吧。
考查名词的数。snowmans错误表达；snowman雪人，单数形式；snowmen雪人，复数形式；a snowman一个雪人。根据空前的“two”可知，此处用复数形式snowmen。故选C。
8．B
【详解】句意：我有两只脚和十只手。
考查名词复数形式。two修饰可数名词复数，foot的名词复数形式为feet；ten修饰可数名词复数，finger的名词复数形式为fingers。故选B。
9．C
【详解】句意：——你想要喝点带糖的牛奶吗？——不，谢谢。太多糖对我们牙齿不好。
考查介词辨析及名词复数。without没有；with有。根据“No, thanks. Too much sugar is bad for” 可知，第一空是指加糖的牛奶； 第二空用牙齿的复数teeth。故选C。
10．B
【详解】句意：——你家有多少人？——有五个人。
考查基数词和名词复数。根据“How many”可知此处回答数量，用基数词five，排除CD；people的复数是people，排除A。故选B。
11．gentlemen
【详解】句意：女士们，先生们，那一天已经到来了。根据“Ladies and...”可知，此处需填名词复数形式与Ladies相对应，gentleman“先生”，名词单数形式，其复数形式为gentlemen。故填gentlemen。
12．geese
【详解】句意：你可以看见多少只鹅？how many后接可数名词复数形式，goose的复数形式为geese。故填geese。
13．sheep
【详解】句意：我叔叔有多少只绵羊？sheep“绵羊”，单复数同形。故填sheep。
14．children’s
【详解】句意：它们是那些孩子们的包。child“孩子”，名词。根据“bags”可知，此处用名词复数的所有格结构作定语。故填children’s。
15．teeth
【详解】句意：约翰，请刷你的牙齿。根据“Please brush your…”以及所给单词可知，此处牙齿表示复数意义，应该用名词复数形式teeth。故填teeth。
16．mice
【详解】句意：真震惊！这个小猫昨晚抓了2只老鼠。mouse“老鼠”，名词；由“two”可知，名词要用复数形式；mouse的复数为mice。故填mice。
17．mice
【详解】句意：我在厨房里看到两只老鼠。根据空前的“two”可知，此处用复数形式mice。故填mice。
18．children’s
【详解】句意：树下的那些外套是那些孩子们的。those修饰用复数形式，空处表达外套是孩子们的，应用名词所有格形式children’s。故填children’s。
19．leaves
【详解】句意：秋天，树叶变黄并开始从树上落下。根据谓语动词“turn”可知，主语用复数leaves“树叶”。故填leaves。
20．Japanese
【详解】句意：他们是日本人吗？Japanese“日本人”，单复数同形。故填Japanese。
21．A 22．A 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者叔叔的农场。
21．句意：我叔叔有个大农场。
farm农场；house房子；room房间；classroom教室。根据“Many animals are ... the farm.”可知，此处指农场。故选A。
22．句意：它们是奶牛、鸡、鸭、羊、猪和狗。
on在……上；in在……里；under在……下面；at在……时。根据“the farm”可知，on the farm表示“在农场上”。故选A。
23．句意：它们是奶牛、鸡、鸭、羊、猪和狗。
sheep绵阳；potatoes土豆；flowers花；lakes湖。根据“Many animals”可知，此处应是一种动物。故选A。
24．句意：农场很大，但是我叔叔保持它整洁。
small小的；bad坏的；cute可爱的；tidy整洁的。根据“The farm is big but my uncle keeps it ...”可知，此处指保持农场整洁。故选D。
25．句意：你可以看到那里有可爱的花朵。
see看到；look看起来；watch观看；read读。根据“You can ... lovely flowers there.”可知，此处指看到花。故选A。
26．句意：有两棵树。
one一；two二；three三；four四。根据“One ... the other ...”可知，一共有两棵树。故选B。
27．句意：我喜欢生活在那里，但是没有很多时间。
and然后；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据“I like to live there, ... I don’t have much free time.”可知，虽然很喜欢农场，但是没有很多时间住在那里。故选B。
28．句意：我每天需要上学。
keep保持；ask问；need需要；spell拼写。根据“I ... to go to school”可知，我需要上学。故选C。
29．句意：所以周末我经常去那里帮我叔叔。
your你的；my我的；his他的；her她的。根据“My uncle has a big ...”可知，此处指我的叔叔。故选B。
30．句意：所有这些动物都对我很好。
animals动物；people人们；plants植物；trees树。根据“I often help him feed cows, pigs and chickens.”可知，此处指奶牛、猪和鸡这些动物。故选A。
31．A 32．B 33．C 34．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了Beth跟妈妈要一美元买冰淇凌，但是妈妈认为冰淇凌并不是必需品，所以Beth决定用做家务来换取这一美元。
31．细节理解题。根据“My friend Ben is going to buy an ice cream. I need a dollar to get one, too”可知，要一美元买冰淇凌，故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据“A need is something that you must have.”、“Oh, like food and water ”及“Yes, that is right.”可知，必需品是你必须要有的东西，图片中睡觉是人们的必需品，故选B。
33．词义猜测题。根据“Ice cream is a treat (乐趣) but not a must. It is something you want”可知，冰淇凌是你想要的某样东西，所以it指代ice cream，故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据“Can I do the housework for my dollar”及“That is a great idea!”可知，接下来Beth会做家务，故选A。
35．Because it’s so much fun. 36．He stays at school for 9 hours. / For 9 hours. 37．He does his homework and asks the teachers questions. 38．(It’s) On Friday, Dec. 20th. They think it’s a good way (for them) to get to know their children better. 39．The art festival. Because we can learn a lot and have a lot of fun.
【导语】本文介绍了武斌斌，一中学生，课余参加体育、英语角和作业辅导等社团活动，学校活动丰富，家长好评。
35．根据“It is so much fun and he likes it a lot.”可知，因为它太有趣了。故填Because it’s so much fun.
36．根据“He goes to school at 8:00 a.m.”及“In the afternoon, school finishes at 5:00 p.m.”可知，他在学校待九个小时。故填He stays at school for 9 hours. / For 9 hours.
37．根据“On Wednesdays and Fridays, he goes to the homework club and does his homework there. He also asks the teachers questions.”可知，他做作业和问老师问题。故填He does his homework and asks the teachers questions.
38．根据邀请函“Friday, Dec. 20th”及“Parents like it very much because it’s a good way for them to get to know their children better.”可知，在12月20日星期五，他们认为这是更好地了解孩子的好方法。故填(It’s) On Friday, Dec. 20th. They think it’s a good way (for them) to get to know their children better.
39．开放性试题，言之有理即可。例如：艺术节。因为我们可以学到很多，也有很多乐趣。故填The art festival. Because we can learn a lot and have a lot of fun.
40．Having 41．would 42．important 43．hope 44．health
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了保持健康生活的重要性以及如何拥有健康的生活方式。
40．句意：吃太多快餐是不好的。根据“too much fast food is not good”及音标提示可知，此处指的是“吃太多快餐不好”，have表示“吃”，作主语用动名词形式，故填Having。
41．句意：如果你想健康长寿，你必须注意你的生活习惯。根据“like to live a long and healthy life”及音标提示可知，此处指的是would like to do“想要做某事”，故填would。
42．句意：每年做一次身体检查也很重要。根据“to get a yearly physical examination (年度体检)”及音标提示可知，此处指的是“每年身体检查也很重要”，important“重要的”，是形容词，故填important。
43．句意：你不希望听到任何坏消息，但医生会告诉你你有多健康。根据“hear any bad news, but the doctor will tell you how healthy you are”及音标提示可知，此处指的是“不希望有坏消息”，hope“希望”，故填hope。
44．句意：我现在身体很好。根据“People tell me that I look very young. Healthy eating has helped me and it will also help you!”及音标提示可知，此处指的是“现在身体很好”，health“健康”，是名词，作宾语，故填health。