阅读理解提问方式之说明文首段作用 导学案（含答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习
文档属性
| 名称 | 阅读理解提问方式之说明文首段作用 导学案（含答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 26.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-01-03 13:40:43 | ||
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文档简介
阅读理解C、D篇中，首段最重要的作用是引入话题，常用表达方式包括：introduce the topic; lead in the topic; bring in the topic; present the topic。其他作用还包括：background information; readers’ interest等。
首段作用
（2024 怀化二模) Be honest: how often does your social media scrolling lead to shopping And how many of those things that TikTok made you buy did you actually need Enter de﹣influencing, the TikTok trend flipping (颠覆) influencing on its head﹣and aiming to save our bank balances in the process.
Why does the author use the questions at the beginning of Paragraph 1
A To introduce the topic.
B. To highlight an option.
C. To illustrate an argument.
D. To predict the ending.
（2024 商丘模拟) Are your keys not in the spot you thought you left them Can't recall the title of a book I've had those moments. Such instances of "brain freeze" remind us that we should do everything in our power to keep our brains sharp.
Why are two questions raised in the first paragraph
A. To present the author's doubts.
B. To expect answers from readers.
C. To analyze the causes of forgetfulness.
D. To introduce the main topic of the text.
（2024 湖北三模） Every year，some 2.3 million women and men around the world died from work﹣related accidents or diseases—that's more than 8，000 deaths every single day—and at least 402 million people suffer from non﹣fatal occupational injuries.The number is enormous in terms of personal tragedy and hardship.And it comes with a huge economic loss.It is estimated that occupational accidents and diseases lead to a 5.4 percent loss of annual global GDP.
What is the function of the first paragraph？
A．To draw a conclusion.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To warn us of the danger at work.
D．To call for the need of safety environment.
（2024 吉林四模） The clich（陈词滥调） of a knitter is a white﹣haired lady.But in the 1940s，young male Royal Air Force pilots used needles as they waited for their next mission.Wartime pilots crashed a lot and "lap crafts" like knitting，helped rebuild flexibility in wounded limbs while also helping to settle wounded minds.They were the cornerstone（基石） of early occupational therapy（治疗）.
What's the function of the first paragraph？
A.To give a definition.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To clarify a concept.
D.To prove a finding.
（2024 河南模拟） Have you ever left the house without a jacket on a warm day，only to regret overestimating your freezing weather tolerance？Instead of dashing back home for your coat，there may come time in the near future when you simply use an app to control your clothing's level of insulation （隔热）.
What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1？
A．Offer some examples to prove.
B．Lead the readers to the topic.
C．Provide background information.
D．Summarize the main idea of the text.
（2024 沧州三模） Using a headset at home to deliver a low electrical current to the brain can relieve symptoms of depression.The approach，called transcranial direct current stimulation （tDCS），is effective when used several times a week for half an hour at a time.
What's the function of the first paragraph？
A.To introduce a mew headset.
B.To lead in the topic of the teat.
C.To analyze an important theory.
D.To present the result of a study.
（2024 海南模拟） Imagine a horizontal line.The very left is marked one thousand and the very right is marked one billion.On this line，where would you add a marker to represent one million？If you said somewhere in the middle，you answered the same as the roughly 50 percent of people who have done this exercise in a number line study.But the answer is actually much closer to one thousand since there are one thousand millions in one billion.
Why does the author mention the example in the first paragraph？
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To explain the main idea.
C．To make a summary of the text.
D．To make comparisons with other topics.
（2024 江西模拟） Conventional chemical fertilizers（化肥） aren't among the most eco﹣friendly substances in the world.Not only do they pollute the environment if they get into waterways，but they also reduce nutrients in the soil over time.What's more，they're relatively expensive.
Why are conventional chemical fertilizers mentioned in the first paragraph？
A.To lead in the topic.
B.To show their advantages.
C.To provide an example.
D.To explain how to use them.
（2024 邵阳模拟） In the second half of the 18th century，a British doctor named Edward Jenner gave his gardener's son cowpox（牛痘） and then deliberately infected him with smallpox（天花） to test his assumption that people who were frequently exposed to cowpox，a similar but less severe virus，would avoid catching smallpox.It worked and cowpox as the vaccine（疫苗） was highly effective."Vaccination"，from the Latin word for cow，soon became commonplace.
（1）The author tells the story of Edward Jenner with the intention of _________.
A.defining what are challenge trials.
B.showing the origin of the word"vaccination".
C.emphasizing the importance of his vaccine.
D.introducing the topic of challenge trials.
主题导入
（2024 河池模拟） Boomerang kids refer to adult children who return to their parents' homes after moving out.In July 2020，52% of young adults in the US lived with one or both of their parents﹣the highest percentage the US has seen since 1940.In the UK，the number of single，20﹣to 34﹣year﹣olds living with their parents went up by 55% from 2008 to 2017.
How does the author lead in the topic of the text？
A.By analyzing reasons.
B.By raising a viewpoint.
C.By telling the difference.
D.By presenting a phenomenon.
（2024 江西模拟） In a world driven by technological advancements，project leaders are embracing the potential of Artificial Intelligence（AI）to push the boundaries of what is possible in the area of project planning and execution（实施）.From appealing designs and personalized experiences to streamlined operations and data﹣driven insights，AI is emerging as an innovative force，allowing project leaders to create extraordinary moments that leave cooperators astonished.
How does the author start the text？
A.By citing a part of an article.
B.By drawing a conclusion.
C.By giving some examples.
D.By explaining unique phenomena.
（2024 保定三模）It is William Shakespeare，the great coiner，who is given credit for the word.Coriolanus，one of his characters，compares going into exile（流放） to a"lonely dragon"retiring to his cave.He was talking about a physical state：someone who was lonely was simply alone.Then，thanks to the Romantic poets，the word took on emotional meanings.Loneliness became a condition of the soul.For William Wordsworth，who famously"wandered lonely as a cloud"，the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness—a host of flowers could provide"cheerful company".Today，loneliness is often seen as a serious public﹣health problem，creating the feeling of disconnection.
How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness？
A.By tracing its development.
B.By analyzing causes.
C.By making a point to be argued.
D.By sharing a romantic story.
（2024 衡水三模）What do a student in China，an office worker in the UK and an astronaut in space all have in common？They all eat instant noodles.And they're not alone—over 100 billion servings of instant noodles are consumed globally each year，making them one of the world's most successful industrial foods.But how did this happen？
How does the author bring in the topic in Paragraph 1？
A.By giving examples.
B.By making an assumption.
C.By asking questions.
D.By reasoning and analyzing.
（2024 衡水模拟）When you teach a child how to solve puzzles，you can either let them figure it out through trial and error，or you can guide them with some basic rules and tips.Similarly，incorporating （合并） rules and tips into AI training—such as the laws of physics—could make them more efficient and more reflective of the real world.However，helping the AI assess the value of different rules can be a tricky task.
How did the author introduce the topic of the text？
A.By assessing basic rules.
B.By comparison of similarity.
C.By explaining laws of physics.
D.By analysis of human learning.
（2024 梧州三模）Three young men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist.With little regard for their personal safety，they rushed the terrorist and controlled him.Only some people seem capable of this split﹣second form of heroism.Why some men rise to the occasion﹣and others don't﹣has been a bit tricky to explain.Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology.
（1）How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph？
A.By presenting a question.
B.By giving an example.
C.By making a comparison.
D.By drawing a conclusion.
（2024 美兰区校级二模）In America，the "Big Dig"，a highway project that resulted in a mess of traffic in the centre of Boston for years，came in five times over its initial budget.Even the Germans get huge projects wrong.Conception to operation of Berlin Brandenburg Airport has taken 30 years，with seven missed opening dates.The airport ended up costing ＄8.2 billion.However，the original estimate was about＄2.7 billion.
How does the author introduce the topic of the passage？
A．By making a contrast.
B．By giving an explanation.
C．By presenting examples.
D．By showing an experience.
（2024 重庆二模） Three young American men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist.With little regard for their personal safety，they rushed the terrorist and controlled him.Only some people seem capable of this split﹣second form of heroism.Why some men rise to the occasion—and others don't—has been a bit tricky to explain.Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology.
How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph？
A.By giving an example.
B.By presenting a concept.
C.By making a comparison.
D.By drawing a conclusion.
首段其他提问方式
（2024 苏州三模） The South Bronx is one of the poorest and most polluted places in America，with smog﹣choked freeways and smelly wastewater treatment plants.
Why is the South Bronx mentioned in the first paragraph？
A.To arouse readers' interest.
B.To serve as the background information.
C.To contrast with the other districts.
D.To introduce a famous place.
（2024 聊城三模） People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past.Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances.It is a vital part of our identity.So is culture，the way of life specific to a group of people.
What is the function of the first paragraph？
A．Reporting a discovery of cultural memory.
B．Leading to the concept of cultural memory.
C．Introducing the importance of memory in identity.
D．Making a connection between memory and culture.
（2024 河南模拟） Whether you're eating a slice of delicious bread or an extra﹣chewy chocolate cookie，it's always fun to be the taste tester for a friend or relative who loves to bake.And，while eating products created with love and sugar probably makes you feel good，the baker is obtaining some psychological benefits，too.
What is the function of the first paragraph？
A．To introduce the theme.
B．To draw a conclusion.
C．To offer some advice.
D．To illustrate the background.
（2024 湛江一模） For the history of life on Earth，organisms have relied on the light of the sun，moon，and stars to find their way and schedule their lives.While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans，it has caused problems in the natural world.Among the impacts of artificial light at night（ALAN），light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences，contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations，and convinces sea turtle babies to amble（缓行）away from the water instead of towards it.
Why is the first paragraph written？
A．To present the topic of the text.
B．To advocate energy conservation.
C．To explain a natural phenomenon.
D．To provide background information.
（2024 广西一模） In Japan，the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula （能登半岛） on the country's western edge on Monday.More than 2，000 active fault lines （断层线） lie beneath Japan，making it one of the most earthquake﹣prone countries in the world.
What's the function of the first paragraph？
A．To explain a concept.
B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To supply a summary.
D．To provide an example.
（2024 红河州二模） When we are tired or injured，we often go to bed earlier to recharge and mend our bodies.That's because we often think that night is a golden time to deal with stress or injuries.But is it true？
What is the purpose of the first paragraph？
A．To explain how we recharge our bodies.
B．To arouse the interest of the readers in the topic.
C．To prove that everyone suffers stress and injuries.
D．To introduce a new discovery for dealing with stress.
（2024 陕西模拟） Why are so many people crazy about travel？Your best friends，your cousin，and your parents are all out and about traveling the world.Do you wonder why？Why are so many people going through the pain of airport security，crowded airlines，taxis，buses，and dirty clothes in suitcases？
Why are questions mentioned in the first paragraph？
A．To give advice about saving money on traveling.
B．To stress the popularity of traveling.
C．To introduce the topic of traveling.
D．To show the convenience of traveling by vehicles.
（2024 来宾模拟） Let's say you're in the far future and you're looking for evidence of previous civilizations.Where would you look？The first place would be in the rocks.Rocks keep time.Recently，the discovery of rocks made from plastic debris （碎片） in Brazil's volcanic Trindade Island is sparking alarm.Melted plastic has become twisted with rocks on the island，which researchers say is evidence of humans growing influence over the Earth's geological cycles.
Why does the writer raise a question in the first paragraph？
A．To introduce the text topic.
B．To test the readers' knowledge.
C．To present a study finding.
D．To raise the readers' awareness.
参考答案：
首段作用 ADBB BBAAD
主题导入 DAAC BBCA
首段其他提问方式 BBAD BBCA
首段作用
（2024 怀化二模) Be honest: how often does your social media scrolling lead to shopping And how many of those things that TikTok made you buy did you actually need Enter de﹣influencing, the TikTok trend flipping (颠覆) influencing on its head﹣and aiming to save our bank balances in the process.
Why does the author use the questions at the beginning of Paragraph 1
A To introduce the topic.
B. To highlight an option.
C. To illustrate an argument.
D. To predict the ending.
（2024 商丘模拟) Are your keys not in the spot you thought you left them Can't recall the title of a book I've had those moments. Such instances of "brain freeze" remind us that we should do everything in our power to keep our brains sharp.
Why are two questions raised in the first paragraph
A. To present the author's doubts.
B. To expect answers from readers.
C. To analyze the causes of forgetfulness.
D. To introduce the main topic of the text.
（2024 湖北三模） Every year，some 2.3 million women and men around the world died from work﹣related accidents or diseases—that's more than 8，000 deaths every single day—and at least 402 million people suffer from non﹣fatal occupational injuries.The number is enormous in terms of personal tragedy and hardship.And it comes with a huge economic loss.It is estimated that occupational accidents and diseases lead to a 5.4 percent loss of annual global GDP.
What is the function of the first paragraph？
A．To draw a conclusion.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To warn us of the danger at work.
D．To call for the need of safety environment.
（2024 吉林四模） The clich（陈词滥调） of a knitter is a white﹣haired lady.But in the 1940s，young male Royal Air Force pilots used needles as they waited for their next mission.Wartime pilots crashed a lot and "lap crafts" like knitting，helped rebuild flexibility in wounded limbs while also helping to settle wounded minds.They were the cornerstone（基石） of early occupational therapy（治疗）.
What's the function of the first paragraph？
A.To give a definition.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To clarify a concept.
D.To prove a finding.
（2024 河南模拟） Have you ever left the house without a jacket on a warm day，only to regret overestimating your freezing weather tolerance？Instead of dashing back home for your coat，there may come time in the near future when you simply use an app to control your clothing's level of insulation （隔热）.
What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1？
A．Offer some examples to prove.
B．Lead the readers to the topic.
C．Provide background information.
D．Summarize the main idea of the text.
（2024 沧州三模） Using a headset at home to deliver a low electrical current to the brain can relieve symptoms of depression.The approach，called transcranial direct current stimulation （tDCS），is effective when used several times a week for half an hour at a time.
What's the function of the first paragraph？
A.To introduce a mew headset.
B.To lead in the topic of the teat.
C.To analyze an important theory.
D.To present the result of a study.
（2024 海南模拟） Imagine a horizontal line.The very left is marked one thousand and the very right is marked one billion.On this line，where would you add a marker to represent one million？If you said somewhere in the middle，you answered the same as the roughly 50 percent of people who have done this exercise in a number line study.But the answer is actually much closer to one thousand since there are one thousand millions in one billion.
Why does the author mention the example in the first paragraph？
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To explain the main idea.
C．To make a summary of the text.
D．To make comparisons with other topics.
（2024 江西模拟） Conventional chemical fertilizers（化肥） aren't among the most eco﹣friendly substances in the world.Not only do they pollute the environment if they get into waterways，but they also reduce nutrients in the soil over time.What's more，they're relatively expensive.
Why are conventional chemical fertilizers mentioned in the first paragraph？
A.To lead in the topic.
B.To show their advantages.
C.To provide an example.
D.To explain how to use them.
（2024 邵阳模拟） In the second half of the 18th century，a British doctor named Edward Jenner gave his gardener's son cowpox（牛痘） and then deliberately infected him with smallpox（天花） to test his assumption that people who were frequently exposed to cowpox，a similar but less severe virus，would avoid catching smallpox.It worked and cowpox as the vaccine（疫苗） was highly effective."Vaccination"，from the Latin word for cow，soon became commonplace.
（1）The author tells the story of Edward Jenner with the intention of _________.
A.defining what are challenge trials.
B.showing the origin of the word"vaccination".
C.emphasizing the importance of his vaccine.
D.introducing the topic of challenge trials.
主题导入
（2024 河池模拟） Boomerang kids refer to adult children who return to their parents' homes after moving out.In July 2020，52% of young adults in the US lived with one or both of their parents﹣the highest percentage the US has seen since 1940.In the UK，the number of single，20﹣to 34﹣year﹣olds living with their parents went up by 55% from 2008 to 2017.
How does the author lead in the topic of the text？
A.By analyzing reasons.
B.By raising a viewpoint.
C.By telling the difference.
D.By presenting a phenomenon.
（2024 江西模拟） In a world driven by technological advancements，project leaders are embracing the potential of Artificial Intelligence（AI）to push the boundaries of what is possible in the area of project planning and execution（实施）.From appealing designs and personalized experiences to streamlined operations and data﹣driven insights，AI is emerging as an innovative force，allowing project leaders to create extraordinary moments that leave cooperators astonished.
How does the author start the text？
A.By citing a part of an article.
B.By drawing a conclusion.
C.By giving some examples.
D.By explaining unique phenomena.
（2024 保定三模）It is William Shakespeare，the great coiner，who is given credit for the word.Coriolanus，one of his characters，compares going into exile（流放） to a"lonely dragon"retiring to his cave.He was talking about a physical state：someone who was lonely was simply alone.Then，thanks to the Romantic poets，the word took on emotional meanings.Loneliness became a condition of the soul.For William Wordsworth，who famously"wandered lonely as a cloud"，the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness—a host of flowers could provide"cheerful company".Today，loneliness is often seen as a serious public﹣health problem，creating the feeling of disconnection.
How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness？
A.By tracing its development.
B.By analyzing causes.
C.By making a point to be argued.
D.By sharing a romantic story.
（2024 衡水三模）What do a student in China，an office worker in the UK and an astronaut in space all have in common？They all eat instant noodles.And they're not alone—over 100 billion servings of instant noodles are consumed globally each year，making them one of the world's most successful industrial foods.But how did this happen？
How does the author bring in the topic in Paragraph 1？
A.By giving examples.
B.By making an assumption.
C.By asking questions.
D.By reasoning and analyzing.
（2024 衡水模拟）When you teach a child how to solve puzzles，you can either let them figure it out through trial and error，or you can guide them with some basic rules and tips.Similarly，incorporating （合并） rules and tips into AI training—such as the laws of physics—could make them more efficient and more reflective of the real world.However，helping the AI assess the value of different rules can be a tricky task.
How did the author introduce the topic of the text？
A.By assessing basic rules.
B.By comparison of similarity.
C.By explaining laws of physics.
D.By analysis of human learning.
（2024 梧州三模）Three young men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist.With little regard for their personal safety，they rushed the terrorist and controlled him.Only some people seem capable of this split﹣second form of heroism.Why some men rise to the occasion﹣and others don't﹣has been a bit tricky to explain.Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology.
（1）How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph？
A.By presenting a question.
B.By giving an example.
C.By making a comparison.
D.By drawing a conclusion.
（2024 美兰区校级二模）In America，the "Big Dig"，a highway project that resulted in a mess of traffic in the centre of Boston for years，came in five times over its initial budget.Even the Germans get huge projects wrong.Conception to operation of Berlin Brandenburg Airport has taken 30 years，with seven missed opening dates.The airport ended up costing ＄8.2 billion.However，the original estimate was about＄2.7 billion.
How does the author introduce the topic of the passage？
A．By making a contrast.
B．By giving an explanation.
C．By presenting examples.
D．By showing an experience.
（2024 重庆二模） Three young American men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist.With little regard for their personal safety，they rushed the terrorist and controlled him.Only some people seem capable of this split﹣second form of heroism.Why some men rise to the occasion—and others don't—has been a bit tricky to explain.Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology.
How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph？
A.By giving an example.
B.By presenting a concept.
C.By making a comparison.
D.By drawing a conclusion.
首段其他提问方式
（2024 苏州三模） The South Bronx is one of the poorest and most polluted places in America，with smog﹣choked freeways and smelly wastewater treatment plants.
Why is the South Bronx mentioned in the first paragraph？
A.To arouse readers' interest.
B.To serve as the background information.
C.To contrast with the other districts.
D.To introduce a famous place.
（2024 聊城三模） People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past.Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances.It is a vital part of our identity.So is culture，the way of life specific to a group of people.
What is the function of the first paragraph？
A．Reporting a discovery of cultural memory.
B．Leading to the concept of cultural memory.
C．Introducing the importance of memory in identity.
D．Making a connection between memory and culture.
（2024 河南模拟） Whether you're eating a slice of delicious bread or an extra﹣chewy chocolate cookie，it's always fun to be the taste tester for a friend or relative who loves to bake.And，while eating products created with love and sugar probably makes you feel good，the baker is obtaining some psychological benefits，too.
What is the function of the first paragraph？
A．To introduce the theme.
B．To draw a conclusion.
C．To offer some advice.
D．To illustrate the background.
（2024 湛江一模） For the history of life on Earth，organisms have relied on the light of the sun，moon，and stars to find their way and schedule their lives.While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans，it has caused problems in the natural world.Among the impacts of artificial light at night（ALAN），light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences，contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations，and convinces sea turtle babies to amble（缓行）away from the water instead of towards it.
Why is the first paragraph written？
A．To present the topic of the text.
B．To advocate energy conservation.
C．To explain a natural phenomenon.
D．To provide background information.
（2024 广西一模） In Japan，the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula （能登半岛） on the country's western edge on Monday.More than 2，000 active fault lines （断层线） lie beneath Japan，making it one of the most earthquake﹣prone countries in the world.
What's the function of the first paragraph？
A．To explain a concept.
B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To supply a summary.
D．To provide an example.
（2024 红河州二模） When we are tired or injured，we often go to bed earlier to recharge and mend our bodies.That's because we often think that night is a golden time to deal with stress or injuries.But is it true？
What is the purpose of the first paragraph？
A．To explain how we recharge our bodies.
B．To arouse the interest of the readers in the topic.
C．To prove that everyone suffers stress and injuries.
D．To introduce a new discovery for dealing with stress.
（2024 陕西模拟） Why are so many people crazy about travel？Your best friends，your cousin，and your parents are all out and about traveling the world.Do you wonder why？Why are so many people going through the pain of airport security，crowded airlines，taxis，buses，and dirty clothes in suitcases？
Why are questions mentioned in the first paragraph？
A．To give advice about saving money on traveling.
B．To stress the popularity of traveling.
C．To introduce the topic of traveling.
D．To show the convenience of traveling by vehicles.
（2024 来宾模拟） Let's say you're in the far future and you're looking for evidence of previous civilizations.Where would you look？The first place would be in the rocks.Rocks keep time.Recently，the discovery of rocks made from plastic debris （碎片） in Brazil's volcanic Trindade Island is sparking alarm.Melted plastic has become twisted with rocks on the island，which researchers say is evidence of humans growing influence over the Earth's geological cycles.
Why does the writer raise a question in the first paragraph？
A．To introduce the text topic.
B．To test the readers' knowledge.
C．To present a study finding.
D．To raise the readers' awareness.
参考答案：
首段作用 ADBB BBAAD
主题导入 DAAC BBCA
首段其他提问方式 BBAD BBCA