2025届高三上学期英语二轮复习专项：主旨大意 学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 2025届高三上学期英语二轮复习专项：主旨大意 学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-01-03 13:30:02 | ||
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二轮专项复习—阅读理解之主旨大意
班级________姓名_________
题型分类：段落大意题 文章大意题 标题归纳题
一、段落大意题
【典型例题1】(2021·全国乙卷，节选)
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
( )What does this paragraph mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity. C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
【典型例题2】(2020·课标全国Ⅲ，节选)
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion－capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic－looking ape.
( ). What does this paragraph mainly talk about
A. The cost of making “Apes”． B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes”． D. The performance of real apes.
【典型例题3】(2019年江苏卷 B 第二段)
Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma(岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.
( ).What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes.
【典型例题4】（2019年全国卷I D 第二段）
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
( ). What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
【典型例题5】(2019年浙江卷C第二段)
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
( ).What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests. D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
【典型例题6】（2019年北京D）
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
( ).What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface. B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms. D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
【典型例题7】（2018年江苏B最后一段）
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding. high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
( ).What does the last paragraph talk about
A. Tips to attract more customers. B. Problems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation. D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
【典型例题8】( 2017年全国卷IIC )
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transition — has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
( ).What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars. D. The designers of the Transition.
【技巧点拨】
①段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however, but, in fact, actually , while, on the contrary, in contrast等）时其后的句子很可能是主题句。
②段落的主题句往往出现在每一段的第一句话或者最后一句话。有时候主题句不明显，需要自己归总结。
③表示总结或结论的话中常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
二、文章大意题
【典型例题】（2020年高考全真模拟卷）
A woman from the United Arab Emirates has regained consciousness after spending 27 years in a vegetative state （植物人状态）. Munira Abdulla was aged 32 when she suffered a brain injury after the car she was riding in was hit by a bus in 1991. Her son Omar revealed her fantastic recovery in an interview with The National.
He described how the accident occurred when he was four years old and needed to be brought home from kindergarten. Ms Abdulla's brother-in-law drove her to school to collect Omar and the family were driving home, with mother and child in the back seat, when they were hit by the bus. As the bus hit，Ms Abdulla threw herself around her son to protect him from the impact. While she suffered a severe head injury, he escaped with just a bruise. Omar described how his mother was left untreated for hours because the family were unable to call for help and there was little traffic，before she was transferred to a clinic in London.
There, doctors diagnosed a vegetative state, meaning she was completely unresponsive but able to feel pain. She was transferred back to the UAE and put on a breathing machine and a feeding tube to keep her alive, spending the next few decades hooked up to machines. But in April 2017, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, heard of her case and gave her family a fund for treatment. Ms Abdulla was flown to Germany where she underwent surgeries to repair her muscles while being given medication to improve her sleep patterns.
Around a year later she began making strange sounds , and within three days she called out to Omar using his name. "It was her! She was calling my name, I was flying with joy； for years I have dreamed of this moment, and my name was the first word she said，" he said.
( ).What's the text mainly about
A. Every mother's child is an angel. B. Children are what the mothers are.
C. A mother wakes up from unconsciousness. D. An accident makes a mother in a vegetative state speak.
【归纳总结】
1.【呈现方式】
①. 开门见山式：中心主题句出现在文首（新闻文体/科技文体 / 社会调查文体/议论文都采用这种形式）
②. 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
③.抛砖引玉式：文章开头提出问题
④首尾呼应式：文章开头提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题
⑤.藏龙卧虎式：中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
【技巧点拨】
①.含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案；
②.较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。
三、标题归纳题
【典型例题】（2021·英语全国甲卷）
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
( )．What is the best title for the text
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
四、语篇训练
(2022·山东临沂一模)
When evaluating people on various psychological tests，psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance.Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something，like the time it takes to run a mile.Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers，as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative，as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. For instance，in my private practice，I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day，Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why？Because most of his closest peers—his siblings and friends from childhood—have lives far worse than his.
In contrast to Omar，I have another patient，an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”，whose family has property over $5 million. Lena，however，lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena’s family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers across the world can share，she consistently feels “less than”．Why？Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the rest of the world. This is too abstract an exercise for her，as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly，whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral，therapy(疗法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values，independent of the achievement of others. For all of us，defining these goals，especially during periods of emotional calm，can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
1．What is the function of paragraph 1
A．To show the significance of evaluating people.
B．To motivate readers to study psychological tests.
C．To help people perform well in psychological tests.
D．To provide some background information on evaluating people.
2．Why does the author mention his two patients
A．To measure different achievements.
B．To introduce the standards to evaluate people.
C．To explain relative performance with examples.
D．To contrast relative performance and absolute performance.
3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Setting goals in life is essential for everyone.
B．It’s important to avoid unhealthy comparisons.
C．A sense of achievement can affect one’s happiness.
D．Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Happiness：Is it all relative B．Self-worth：Is it measurable
C．Self-worth：Is it based on efforts D．Happiness：Is it associated with achievements
班级________姓名_________
题型分类：段落大意题 文章大意题 标题归纳题
一、段落大意题
【典型例题1】(2021·全国乙卷，节选)
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
( )What does this paragraph mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity. C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
【典型例题2】(2020·课标全国Ⅲ，节选)
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion－capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic－looking ape.
( ). What does this paragraph mainly talk about
A. The cost of making “Apes”． B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes”． D. The performance of real apes.
【典型例题3】(2019年江苏卷 B 第二段)
Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma(岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.
( ).What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes.
【典型例题4】（2019年全国卷I D 第二段）
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
( ). What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
【典型例题5】(2019年浙江卷C第二段)
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
( ).What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests. D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
【典型例题6】（2019年北京D）
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
( ).What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface. B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms. D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
【典型例题7】（2018年江苏B最后一段）
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding. high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
( ).What does the last paragraph talk about
A. Tips to attract more customers. B. Problems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation. D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
【典型例题8】( 2017年全国卷IIC )
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transition — has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
( ).What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars. D. The designers of the Transition.
【技巧点拨】
①段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however, but, in fact, actually , while, on the contrary, in contrast等）时其后的句子很可能是主题句。
②段落的主题句往往出现在每一段的第一句话或者最后一句话。有时候主题句不明显，需要自己归总结。
③表示总结或结论的话中常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
二、文章大意题
【典型例题】（2020年高考全真模拟卷）
A woman from the United Arab Emirates has regained consciousness after spending 27 years in a vegetative state （植物人状态）. Munira Abdulla was aged 32 when she suffered a brain injury after the car she was riding in was hit by a bus in 1991. Her son Omar revealed her fantastic recovery in an interview with The National.
He described how the accident occurred when he was four years old and needed to be brought home from kindergarten. Ms Abdulla's brother-in-law drove her to school to collect Omar and the family were driving home, with mother and child in the back seat, when they were hit by the bus. As the bus hit，Ms Abdulla threw herself around her son to protect him from the impact. While she suffered a severe head injury, he escaped with just a bruise. Omar described how his mother was left untreated for hours because the family were unable to call for help and there was little traffic，before she was transferred to a clinic in London.
There, doctors diagnosed a vegetative state, meaning she was completely unresponsive but able to feel pain. She was transferred back to the UAE and put on a breathing machine and a feeding tube to keep her alive, spending the next few decades hooked up to machines. But in April 2017, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, heard of her case and gave her family a fund for treatment. Ms Abdulla was flown to Germany where she underwent surgeries to repair her muscles while being given medication to improve her sleep patterns.
Around a year later she began making strange sounds , and within three days she called out to Omar using his name. "It was her! She was calling my name, I was flying with joy； for years I have dreamed of this moment, and my name was the first word she said，" he said.
( ).What's the text mainly about
A. Every mother's child is an angel. B. Children are what the mothers are.
C. A mother wakes up from unconsciousness. D. An accident makes a mother in a vegetative state speak.
【归纳总结】
1.【呈现方式】
①. 开门见山式：中心主题句出现在文首（新闻文体/科技文体 / 社会调查文体/议论文都采用这种形式）
②. 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
③.抛砖引玉式：文章开头提出问题
④首尾呼应式：文章开头提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题
⑤.藏龙卧虎式：中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
【技巧点拨】
①.含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案；
②.较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。
三、标题归纳题
【典型例题】（2021·英语全国甲卷）
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
( )．What is the best title for the text
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
四、语篇训练
(2022·山东临沂一模)
When evaluating people on various psychological tests，psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance.Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something，like the time it takes to run a mile.Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers，as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative，as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. For instance，in my private practice，I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day，Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why？Because most of his closest peers—his siblings and friends from childhood—have lives far worse than his.
In contrast to Omar，I have another patient，an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”，whose family has property over $5 million. Lena，however，lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena’s family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers across the world can share，she consistently feels “less than”．Why？Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the rest of the world. This is too abstract an exercise for her，as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly，whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral，therapy(疗法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values，independent of the achievement of others. For all of us，defining these goals，especially during periods of emotional calm，can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
1．What is the function of paragraph 1
A．To show the significance of evaluating people.
B．To motivate readers to study psychological tests.
C．To help people perform well in psychological tests.
D．To provide some background information on evaluating people.
2．Why does the author mention his two patients
A．To measure different achievements.
B．To introduce the standards to evaluate people.
C．To explain relative performance with examples.
D．To contrast relative performance and absolute performance.
3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Setting goals in life is essential for everyone.
B．It’s important to avoid unhealthy comparisons.
C．A sense of achievement can affect one’s happiness.
D．Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Happiness：Is it all relative B．Self-worth：Is it measurable
C．Self-worth：Is it based on efforts D．Happiness：Is it associated with achievements