寒假提升第五讲 不可数名词和名词所有格-【寒假分层训练】2025年七年级英语（冀教版）

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第5讲 不可数名词和名词所有格
【不可数名词】
1.不可数名词的量化表达:不可数名词是不能用数量计算的名词,没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a/an或数词表示数量。
(1)表示不定数量时,一般用“much, too much, a little, little, a great deal of+不可数名词”来表示。
一点儿牛奶 a little milk
(2)表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。
一片面包 a piece of bread;两杯水 two glasses of water;三袋米 three bags of rice
注意：
some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可数名词。
常见的不可数名词见下表:
类别 例词
液体类 water, milk, coffee[咖啡(热饮料)], tea, rain
肉类 meat, fish, chicken, beef, pork, mutton
语言类 Chinese, Japanese, English, French, German
材料类 paper, glass, grass, bamboo, silk, cotton, wood, plastic, hair, metal, gold, silver
其他类 snow, ice, weather, music, money, homework, housework, information, rubbish
2.既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词既能用作可数名词又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。
词语 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
fish 鱼 鱼肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
work 作品 工作
room 房间 空间
time 次数;倍数 时间
fruit 各种水果 水果
food 各种食物 食物
paper 试卷;论文 纸
experience 经历 经验
exercise 练习；体操 锻炼
【名词所有格】
类别 构成方法 举例
有生命的 名词 一般在词尾加“‘s” the boy’s bag男孩的包
以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加“‘” Teachers’ Day教师节
不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加“‘s” Women’s Day妇女节
有生命的 名词 如果两个名词并列,且分别有“‘s”,则表示“分别所有”;若只在后一个名词后有“‘s”,则表示“共有” Kate’s and Mary’s rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(两个房间)Kate and Mary’s room凯特和玛丽共有的房间(一个房间)
有生命的 名词 双重所有格的两种形式: of+“‘s”所有格;of+名词性物主代词 a friend of my sister’s我姐姐的一个朋友 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
“‘s”可表示店铺或某人的家,其后的名词一般可省略 at the doctor’s在诊所 at Li Lei’s 在李雷家
somebody,everybody等不定代词与else连用时, “‘s”加在else后面 somebody else’s book别人的书
类别 构成方法 举例
无生命的 名词 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词,也可加“‘s”或“‘”来构成所有格 two days’ holiday 两天的假期five hundred metres’ distance 五百米的距离 Shanghai’s industry 上海的工业
用“名词+of+名词”的结构来构成所有格 the title of the song这首歌曲的名字
注意：of所有格和双重所有格的意义不同。
This is a photo of my mother.这是我妈妈的一张照片。(of所有格强调照片上有我妈妈本人)
This is a photo of my mother’s.这是我妈妈的一张照片。(双重所有格强调是我妈妈拥有的一张照片,照片上不一定是我妈妈本人)
一、单项选择
1．Let’s have some________ and ________ after the basketball game.
A．chicken; egg B．chickens; egg C．chickens; eggs D．chicken; eggs
2．I think computers are fantastic. There ________ lots of useful ________ on the Internet.
A．is, informations B．is, information C．are, information D．are, informations
3．—I want to write a letter. Can you give me some ________, please
—Sure. Here you are.
A．pen B．paper C．money D．note
4．—Mum, could you ________ me some ________ It’s delicious.
—OK, but only a little.
A．pass; eggs B．pass; bread C．passed; apples D．passed; water
5．Doctor Liu is very thankful ________ his family’s ________.
A．of, support B．for, support C．of, supports D．for, supports
6．—Please pass me two ________.
—Here you are.
A．pieces of papers B．paper C．piece paper D．pieces of paper
7．Since the son took over ________ position, they start to see into ________ hearts.
A．he father; each other B．his father; each other
C．he father’s; each other’s D．his father’s; each other’s
8．________ mother is a teacher.
A．Betty’s B．Betty C．Betty is D．Is Betty
9．It is difficult for a young student to finish so much homework in ________.
A．two hours’ time B．two-hours time C．two-hours-time D．two hours time
10．That is Grace, not my sister. My ________ name is Alice.
A．sisters’ B．sister’s C．sister D．sister is
11．— Look, here is a Harry Potter. I’m wondering ________ book it is.
— It must be ________. J. K. Rowling is her favorite writer.
A．whose; Mary B．whose; Mary’s C．who; Mary’s D．who; Mary
12．His ________ birthday is ________ June 29th.
A．father’s; on B．father; on C．father; in D．father’s; in
13．—Is this Amy’s room
—No, it’s ________.
A．Amy’s and her sister’s B．Amy’s and her sister C．Amy and her sister D．Amy and her sister’s
14．—Do you like my ________ farm
—Yes, I like it very much.
A．uncle B．uncle’ C．uncle’s D．uncles
15．This is a photo _________ Mr Wang’s family.
A．of B．in C．on D．to
二、单词拼写
16．In this excellent horror film, the (murder) name was hidden in the telephone box in the city centre.
17． (Peter) favourite place is the dining hall.
18．This kind of animal can recognize its (keeper) face.
19．They are those (child) bags.
20．We can see a lot of books in the (teachers) office.
三、完成句子
21．吉姆的手表和他哥哥的一样。
Jim’s watch is the same as .
22．这是莉莉和露西的卧室。它整洁而且漂亮。
This is bedroom. It’s tidy and nice.
23．这是我妈妈的钢琴。
It’s piano.
24．你是一个科学迷吗？
Are you a
25．彼得最喜欢的颜色是红色。
colour is red.
四、完形填空
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能正确填入相应空格内的最佳答案。
My name is Bill. I’m an English boy. I’m a student 26 a high school. I’m in Class 4, Grade 8. Li Lei is my friend. We are in 27 class. He is thirteen. Here is a photo of 28 family. Please 29 it. His dad is an English 30 . He teaches in our school. The woman 31 is his mom. She is a doctor. He has 32 sisters. Their names 33 Fangfang and Lingling. They look the same. They are junior high school students, 34 . They 35 a nice cat. They like it very much.
26．A．in B．to C．and D．with
27．A．the same B．different C．same D．the different
28．A．he B．him C．his D．my
29．A．look at B．look C．give D．see
30．A．pen B．teacher C．pencil D．driver
31．A．a blue B．in blue C．in a blue D．blue
32．A．four B．three C．two D．one
33．A．is B．are C．am D．be
34．A．to B．also C．too D．and
35．A．have B．has C．are D．is
五、阅读理解
With no normal night and day, little room and nearly zero gravity, space stations aren’t the best places to get a good night’s rest. So how do astronauts get any sleep
Whether in a spaceship or on the space station, one of the biggest challenges astronauts have when trying to sleep is being weightless. There’s not enough gravity pulling them down, so they can’t just lie down in a bed! To stop themselves from floating around and hitting things, astronauts have to sleep in sleeping bags that are tied to a seat or to the wall. But it’s still strange, says astronaut Scott Kelly, who has spent 520 days in space. He told the magazine Travel&Leisure in 2021 that he used to attach a pillow to his head just to feel more like he was in a normal bed.
Another challenge is that astronauts don’t get normal days and nights. When astronauts are on the International Space Station (ISS, 国际空间站), they travel around the Earth once every 90 minutes, meaning they see a sunrise or sunset every 45 minutes. “The sun in space is really bright,” says Kelly. He said he would always wear an eye mask to sleep, because the sun would still come through the window shades on the ISS.
And then there are the small spaces. Astronauts sleep in a box the size of a telephone booth (电话亭) on the ISS. And in a spaceship, there aren’t even private (私人的) boxes. “You all sleep kind of together, wherever,” Kelly explains.
All of the above challenges make astronauts not get enough sleep. NASA schedules 8.5 hours a day for astronauts to sleep—but on average, they only sleep for around 6 hours. Not getting enough sleep is very dangerous for astronauts—and for people on Earth, too. It can increase stress and lead to poor thinking, among other problems.
36．How many challenges will astronauts face when they sleep at night on the ISS
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
37．According to Paragraph 2, what can you learn about Scott Kelly
A．He has spent less than a year in space.
B．He was once interviewed by the Magazine Travel&Leisure.
C．He never used a sleeping bag because he thought it was strange.
D．He thinks sleeping in a sleeping bag is the same as sleeping in a normal bed.
38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A．There’s no sunlight coming through on the ISS.
B．Astronauts have their private space to sleep on the ISS.
C．On the ISS, astronauts can see a sunrise every 90 minutes.
D．Without enough sleep, astronauts will get more stress and poor thinking.
39．How is the text organized (D=Paragraph 1, 2=Paragraph 2…)
A． B． C． D．
六、短文填空
Lots of people become good at something when they are young. And quite a lot of children know what job they want 40 (choose) when they grow up. But not everyone opens their own company. This is what Isabella Rose Taylor does. She started 41 (design) clothes when she was eight years old.
At the time, Isabella was 42 (interest) in painting. She used a lot of red, blue and yellow, and these 43 (colour) helped her to think of new clothes which she could make.
When Isabella designed and made clothes, she just did it for fun. Soon many people liked her designs and she started selling them online, 44 she has a company now. She runs her business at home. She has turned one room into 45 office and another into a studio (工作室) where the clothes are made. As a designer, she often takes part in different fashion 46 (show) to bring her creative designs to public attention.
Isabella has also found time to finish school. She’s smart, and she has thousands 47 fans online. It’s wonderful that she has already had people who work for her. Above all, she 48 (real) knows what is needed to succeed in the world of fashion.
“I get to follow 49 (I) dream and be a teenager at the same time. I think I’m pretty lucky,” she says.
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 D B B B B D D A A B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B A D C A A A C A B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
答案 B C B C A C B D C
1．D
【详解】句意：篮球比赛结束后，我们吃些鸡肉和鸡蛋吧。
考查名词辨析。chicken鸡肉，不可数名词；egg鸡蛋；chickens鸡，可数名词。根据“Let’s have some”可知，第一空指的吃鸡肉，some接不可数名词chicken；第二空some接可数名词复数eggs。故选D。
2．B
【详解】句意：我认为电脑太棒了。互联网上有很多有用的信息。
考查there be句型和名词的数。information“信息”是不可数名词，无复数形式，there be句型中不可数名词作主语，be动词用单数is。故选B。
3．B
【详解】句意：——我想写一封信。你能给我一些纸吗？——当然。给你。
考查名词辨析。pen钢笔，单数；paper纸张，不可数名词；money金钱，不可数名词；note便条，单数。根据“I want to write a letter”可知，写信需要“纸”或“笔”，some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选B。
4．B
【详解】句意：——妈妈，你能递给我一些面包吗？它非常美味。——好的，但是只有一点。
考查动词及名词辨析。pass递给；eggs鸡蛋，可数名词复数；bread面包，不可数名词；apples苹果，可数名词复数；water水，不可数名词。第一空情态动词could后面加动词原形，第二空根据“It’s delicious.”及“OK, but only a little.”可知，应为不可数名词，且表示美味的，故应填bread。故选B。
5．B
【详解】句意：刘医生非常感谢家人的支持。
考查介词用法及名词用法。be thankful for sth.意为“对……很感谢”，故第一个空填for；support“支持”为不可数名词。故选B。
6．D
【详解】句意：——请递给我两张纸。——给你。
考查不可数名词表示数量。pieces of papers该选项错误；paper纸；piece paper该选项错误；pieces of paper当表示数量为两张或更多时，需要把piece变为复数pieces，two pieces of paper表示“两张纸”。故选D。
7．D
【详解】句意：自从儿子接替了父亲的位置后，他们开始试着了解彼此的内心。
考查名词所有格和代词辨析。he他；his他的。根据“position”可知，此处要用名词所有格，表示他的父亲的位置，此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故用his father’s；根据“hearts”可知，此处也要用所有格，表示彼此的内心，故用each other’s。故选D。
8．A
【详解】句意：贝蒂的妈妈是一名老师。
考查名词所有格。根据“… mother is a teacher”可知此处是在描述贝蒂的妈妈，因此应使用Betty的名词所有格形式Betty’s来修饰mother。故选A。
9．A
【详解】句意：对于一个年轻的学生来说，在两个小时内完成这么多作业是很困难的。
考查名词所有格。two hours’ time两小时的时间；two-hours time表述错误；two-hours-time表述错误；two hours time表述错误。根据“It is difficult for a young student to finish so much homework in...”可知，此处表示“在两个小时内”，只有选项A语法正确，故选A。
10．B
【详解】句意：那是格蕾丝，不是我姐姐。我姐姐的名字是爱丽丝。
考查名词所有格。根据“That is Grace, not my sister. My …name is Alice.”可知，空后为名词，此处应用名词所有格sister’s“姐姐的”修饰名词name。故选B。
11．B
【详解】句意：——看，这是一本《哈利波特》。我想知道这是谁的书。——一定是玛丽的。罗琳是她最喜欢的作家。
考查特殊疑问词和名词所有格。whose谁的；who谁；Mary玛丽；Mary’s玛丽的。根据“I’m wondering…book it is.”可知，此处询问是谁的书，用whose“谁的”，修饰名词book；结合上句和“It must be…. J. K. Rowling is her favorite writer.”可知，这里在猜测《哈利波特》肯定是某个人的书，因为罗琳是她最喜欢的作家。所以，“Mary’s玛丽的”名词所有格符合题意。故选B。
12．A
【详解】句意：他父亲的生日是6月29号。
考查名词所有格和介词辨析。第一空后面的birthday是名词，所以用名词所有格，father的名词所有格为father’s；on在某一天；in在某年某月某季节。第二空指的是在具体的某一天，故用介词on。故选A。
13．D
【详解】句意：——这是艾米的房间吗？——不，这是艾米和她姐姐的。
考查名词所有格。根据“No, it’s”可知，此处指的共有的房间，应该在后面的人名加’s所有格。故选D。
14．C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢我叔叔的农场吗？——是的，我非常喜欢。
考查名词所有格。uncle叔叔，名词单数；uncle’叔叔，形式错误；uncle’s叔叔的，名词所有格；uncles叔叔们，名词复数。根据题意可知，名词farm需用名词所有格形式uncle’s来修饰，表示“叔叔的农场”。故选C。
15．A
【详解】句意：这是王先生一家的照片。
考查介词辨析。of……的；in在里面；on在上面；to到。a photo of“一张……的照片”。故选A。
16．murderer’s
【详解】句意：在这部优秀的恐怖电影中，凶手的名字被藏在市中心的电话亭里。根据“the…(murder) name”可知，此处指“凶手的名字”，murder“谋杀”，其名词是murderer“凶手”。空处作定语，应该用murderer的名词所有格murderer’s。故填murderer’s。
17．Peter’s
【详解】句意：彼得最喜欢的地方是餐厅。根据“favourite place”可知，此处指彼得最喜欢的地方，用名词所有格修饰place，Peter指人，因此在名词后面加’s。故填Peter’s。
18．keeper’s
【详解】句意：这种动物可以认出饲养员的脸。此处修饰名词face，要用名词所有格keeper’s表示“饲养员的脸”，故填keeper’s。
19．children’s
【详解】句意：它们是那些孩子们的包。child“孩子”，名词。根据“bags”可知，此处用名词复数的所有格结构作定语。故填children’s。
20．teachers’
【详解】句意：我们可以在老师办公室看到很多书。根据题意和提示词可知，教师与办公室存在所属关系，teachers’复数名词所有格修饰名词office。故填teachers’。
21． his brother’s
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“他哥哥的”英语翻译，他的：his；哥哥的：brother’s，名词所有格。his brother’s是his brother’s watch的省略形式，因为前面已经提到了watch，所以可以省略，以避免重复。故填his；brother’s。
22． Lily and Lucy’s
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子缺少“莉莉和露西的”，应用名词所有格表示所属关系，根据“is”和“bedroom”可知，莉莉和露西共用一间房，当用名词所有格表示两个人共同拥有时，只在第二个人名后加’s，即此处应用Lily and Lucy’s表示“莉莉和露西的”。故填Lily；and；Lucy’s。
23． my mother’s
【详解】my mother’s“我妈妈的”，是名词所有格形式，故填my；mother’s。
24． fan of science
【详解】分析句子可知，空处需要翻译的是“科学迷”，fan意为“迷”，冠词a修饰可数名词单数；of意为“……的”，此处用名词所有格；science意为“科学”，名词。故填fan；of；science。
25． Peter’s favourite/favorite
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子应用Peter’s favourite/favorite表示“彼得最喜欢的”。故填Peter’s；favourite/favorite。
26．A 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了英国男孩比尔的家庭情况及他的朋友李磊的家庭照片。
26．句意：我是一名高中生。
in在……里面；to到；and和；with有。根据“I’m a student...a high school.”可知，是学校里的一名学生。故选A。
27．句意：我们在同一个班。
the same相同的；different不同的；same同一的；the different不同的。根据“We are in...class.”可知，在同一个班级，此处表示特指，in the same class“在同一个班”。故选A。
28．句意：这是一张他的全家福。
he他，主格；him他，宾格；his他的；my我的。根据“He is thirteen. Here is a photo of...family.”可知，这里指一张他的全家福，此处作定语修饰family，应用形容词性物主代词his，故选C。
29．句意：请看它。
look at看；look看起来；give给；see看见。根据“Please...it.”可知，此处表示看照片，look at sth“看某物”。故选A。
30．句意：他爸爸是一名英语老师。
pen钢笔；teacher老师；pencil铅笔；driver司机。根据“He teaches in our school.”可知，应该是一名英语老师，故选B。
31．句意：穿蓝衣服的是他妈妈。
a blue一个蓝色的；in blue穿蓝色；in a blue表述错误；blue蓝色的。根据“The one...is his mom.”可知，穿蓝衣服的是他妈妈。故选B。
32．句意：他有两个妹妹。
four四；three三；two二；one一。根据“Fangfang and Lingling”可知，是两个妹妹，故选C。
33．句意：她们的名字是芳芳和玲玲。
is主语是第三人称单数；are主语是第二人称或第一、三人称复数；am主语是I；be是，动词原形。本句主语“Their names”是复数，故选B。
34．句意：她们也是初中生。
to到；also也，用于句中；too也，用于肯定句句末；and和。根据“They are junior high school students, ...”可知，这里指她们也是初中生，肯定句句末用too，故选C。
35．句意：他们有一只漂亮的猫。
have有，动词原形；has有，动词三单；are是；is是。根据“They...a nice cat.”可知，他们有一只漂亮的猫，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，故选A。
36．C 37．B 38．D 39．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了宇航员在太空站和飞船上面临的睡眠挑战。
36．细节理解题。根据文章中的信息，宇航员在国际空间站入睡时会面临三个主要挑战：失重环境，光线的影响，以及狭小的空间。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据“says astronaut Scott Kelly, who has spent 520 days in space. He told the magazine Travel&Leisure in 2021”可知，Scott Kelly被《Travel&Leisure》杂志采访过，故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Not getting enough sleep is very dangerous for astronauts—and for people on Earth, too. It can increase stress and lead to poor thinking, among other problems.”可知，缺乏足够的睡眠会导致宇航员增加压力和思维不清。故选D。
39．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段作为引入主题；第二段到第四段分别描述了不同的宇航员睡眠的挑战；第五段讲述睡眠不足所带来的危害。故选C。
40．to choose 41．designing/to design 42．interested 43．colours 44．so 45．an 46．shows 47．of 48．really 49．my
【导语】本文主要讲述了伊莎贝拉在小时候就开始设计衣服，并自己开了公司的故事。
40．句意：很多孩子都知道自己长大后想选择什么工作。choose“选择”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，故填to choose。
41．句意：她八岁时开始设计衣服。design“设计”，start doing/to do sth“开始做某事”，故填designing/to design。
42．句意：当时，伊莎贝拉对绘画感兴趣。interest“兴趣”，是名词，be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故填interested。
43．句意：她用了很多红色、蓝色和黄色，这些颜色帮助她想出可以做的新衣服。colour“颜色”，有these修饰，用复数形式，故填colours。
44．句意：很快，很多人都喜欢她的设计，她开始在网上销售，所以她现在有了一家公司。根据“Soon many people liked her designs and she started selling them online, ... she has a company now.”可知，因为很多人喜欢她设计的衣服，所以她有了自己的公司。用so“所以”引导结果状语从句。故填so。
45．句意：她把一间房间变成了办公室，另一间变成了制作衣服的工作室。此处表示“一间办公室”，office的发音以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an修饰，故填an。
46．句意：作为一名设计师，她经常参加不同的时装秀，以引起公众对她的创意设计的关注。show“表演”，是名词，有different修饰，用复数名词，故填shows。
47．句意：她很聪明，而且在网上有成千上万的崇拜者。固定短语thousands of“成千上万的”，故填of。
48．句意：最重要的是，她真的知道在时尚界成功需要什么。real“真的”，是形容词，修饰动词know，用副词，故填really。
49．句意：我可以追逐我的梦想，同时也可以做一个青少年。I“我”，是主格形式，空后是名词dream，应用形容词性物主代词my修饰，故填my。