寒假提升第六讲 助动词和动词短语归纳-【寒假分层训练】2025年七年级英语（冀教版）

助动词和动词短语归纳
助动词
助动词主要有be, do, does, did, have, has, had, will, would, shall, should等。助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,帮助构成各种时态、语态、疑问句和否定句等结构。
We are working hard in the garden. 我们正在花园里辛勤劳动。(be动词帮助构成现在进行时)
He doesn’t like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn’t帮助构成否定句)
Do you live in Shanghai 你住在上海吗 (do帮助构成一般疑问句)
Have you finished the work 你完成工作了吗 (have帮助构成现在完成时)
The house was painted purple. 房子被刷成了紫色。(was帮助构成被动语态)
I will call you this evening. 今晚我会打电话给你。(will帮助构成一般将来时)
动词短语归纳
动词+副词:
常见的有take off, write down, hand in, fix up等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。
例如：Hand in your homework.把你的作业交上来。
动词+介词:
常见的有ask for, care about, look for, look after, laugh at, hear of, lead to, wait for等。这类动词短语的宾语放在介词的后面。
例如：Don’t laugh at the people who are in trouble.不要嘲笑那些处于困境中的人。
动词+名词:
常见的有have fun, play sports, take place等。这类动词短语相当于不及物动词。
例如：This story took place three years ago.
这个故事发生在三年前。
动词+副词+介词:
常见的有look down upon, go on with, add up to, catch up with, do well in, run out of等。
例如：Study hard, and you will catch up with your classmates.努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学。
动词+名词+介词:
常见的有take care of, take part in, pay attention to等。
例如：She often takes care of her younger sister.
她经常照顾她的妹妹。
一、单项选择
1．Whizz-kid Alex _________ much sleep as she seldom goes to bed before 11:30 p.m.
A．needn’t B．doesn’t need to C．doesn’t need D．not need
2．Mr. Brown ________ work in a factory. He is a policeman.
A．don’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．aren’t
3．—How much ________ this pair of trousers cost
—Thirty yuan.
A．do B．is C．are D．does
4．There are many eggs in the fridge. We _________ buy any more.
A．don’t need B．needn’t to C．don’t need to D．need to
5．—Do you like playing soccer
—No, I don’t. But my little brother ________.
A．is B．does C．has D．likes
6．—________ your friends enjoy playing basketball
—Yes, they do.
A．Do B．Does C．Is D．Are
7．It ________ the Americans about 5 days to ________ there in 1969.
A．take; get B．takes; get to C．took; get D．took; get to
8．Please ________ the teacher carefully.
A．to listen B．listening C．listen D．listen to
9．—Which floor do you ________
—The ______ floor.
A．live; nineth B．live on; ninth C．live on; nineth D．live; ninth
10．Please don’t make too much noise. I want to ________ the news G20 is coming.
A．listen B．hear C．listen to D．hear from
11．—I’ll ________ Beijing for a meeting tomorrow. When I get there, I will call you.
—When will you ________ home I want to take you to the airport.
A．leave for; leave for B．leave for; leave
C．leave; leave for D．1eave; leave
二、单词拼写
12．What your mother do (do)
13．Her cats like the green house. (not)
14．What Lisa do in the ball club (do)
15．How often does she (do) it
16．—How does Miss Wu often (go) to work
—She often (take) a bus.
17．Try again and again if you don’t (success) at first.
18．They (not need) to get up early because the weekend is coming.
19．They all felt very (shock) to hear the bad news.
20．What time does your sister (go) home every day
21．How did the crowd to Clarie’s performance (response)
三、完成句子
22．周六你有空来我的住处吗？
Are you free to my place on Saturday
23．我不知道谁在家，咱们敲敲门。
I don't know who is at home. Let's .
24．Fred has biology on Wednesday afternoon. (改为否定句)
Fred biology on Wednesday afternoon.
25．Linda won the first prize with the help of the teacher.（对划线部分提问）
Linda win the first prize
26．My parents have already received my letter.（改为一般疑问句）
your parents received your letter
27．你能帮助我 (学习) 这门科目吗？
Can you me this subject
28．你必须确保你能按时完成这项任务。
You must that you can finish the task on time.
四、完形填空
Hello! I’m Alex Green. I am 13 and I 29 in Park School in Oxford, England. I go to school on weekdays, but I don’t go on Saturdays or Sundays. This is my school day. I 30 at half past seven in the morning, and then eat breakfast. My school is near my house. So I usually go to school 31 . Classes begin at nine. We have three lessons in the 32 .
My favourite subject is English and I like to practice English with my classmates. I think it’s 33 for me. We have a break from 10:00 to 10:30. We 34 in the playground. We have 35 in the dining hall at half past twelve. I have meat, vegetables and rice. I drink juice and water too. The school lunch is very 36 ! We begin our 37 at half past one in the afternoon. We have 2 lessons. Then we go home at half past three.
In the evening, I watch TV and have dinner with my 38 . After dinner, I do my homework and then go to bed at ten o’clock.
29．A．sleep B．study C．stay D．stand
30．A．think about B．look for C．get up D．turn on
31．A．on foot B．by taxi C．by car D．by train
32．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening D．night
33．A．difficult B．interesting C．boring D．healthy
34．A．do homework B．do exercises C．wash clothes D．have a sleep
35．A．breakfast B．dinner C．supper D．lunch
36．A．full B．delicious C．same D．funny
37．A．lessons B．subjects C．homework D．bells
38．A．friends B．teachers C．parents D．classmates
五、阅读理解
Some parents may have had trouble getting their kids away from video games and outside this summer. But for one Virginian family, that wasn’t the case.
Josh and Cassie Sutton just hiked (徒步旅行) the Appalachian Trail (AT) from Georgia to Maine in 209 days with their five-year-old son, Harvey, or “Little Man”. The AT is one of the longest trails in the world. The 3,505-kilometer-long trail passes through 14 states in the eastern US.
Harvey’s parents have been hiking with him since he was two years old. And they prepared him for hiking the AT by starting out with lots of shorter walks and hikes. Harvey was 4 years old when he and his parents began their walk in January. He turned 5 before they finished the trip on August 9.
They slept in a tent, woke at 5:30 in the morning and hiked about 10 miles a day. Harvey’s dad, Josh Sutton, said meeting and talking with other hikers along the way prevented boredom.
Harvey’s trip was praised by another hiker, Dale Sanders. He is the oldest person to hike the trail, which he did at the age of 82.
“It’s going to change his life forever, and his parents’, too. The kid went through some hardships. Hardships make us stronger,” said Sanders, now 87 (in 2024). “That kid is going to smile through life.”
39．Which of the following is TRUE about the Appalachian Trail
A．It is in the western US.
B．It is the longest trail in the world.
C．It is about 3,505 kilometers long.
D．It is the most difficult trail to hike in the US.
40．How did Harvey’s parents prepare him for hiking the AT
A．By learning from old hikers.
B．By playing with him outside.
C．By meeting and talking with other hikers.
D．By training him in shorter walks and hikes.
41．What can we learn about Dale Sanders
A．He hiked the AT in 2019.
B．He is the oldest American hiker.
C．He often goes hiking with Harvey.
D．He hiked the AT for the shortest time.
42．What does Dale Sanders mean by saying “That kid is going to smile through life”
A．Harvey will be prouder in the future.
B．Harvey will be stronger in the future.
C．Harvey will be more different in the future.
D．Harvey will be more creative in the future.
43．What’s the best title for the passage
A．The youngest and oldest hikers.
B．The best way to spend summer.
C．A young boy hiked a long trail.
D．A fantastic place for hikers.
六、短文填空
Do you know how New Year comes There are 44 (many) than one stories in China. Here is a famous one.
Long long ago in China, there was a monster. It had a name, Nian. Nian had the body of a bull (公牛) and 45 head of a lion. All year long, Nian slept. At the end of winter, he woke up and had a strong 46 (feel) of looking for something to eat. At first, he ate many 47 (child). People were very afraid (害怕), 48 they locked their doors early before sunset on the days of its coming.
Things changed on one New Year’s Eve. On that day, a very old man said he could drive away the monster. No one believed (相信) 49 (he). But the next morning, Nian was gone. And he never came back again! The old man’s words were 50 (exact) right.
It is said that Nian was afraid of three things: the color red, fire and noise! So now people fall in love 51 them. On New Year’s Day, everyone 52 (wear) bright red clothes, lighting fireworks (爆竹) and having fun 53 (make) noise all night long.
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参考答案：
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 C B D C B A C D B C
题号 11 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
答案 B B C A A B B D B A
题号 38 39 40 41 42 43
答案 C C D A B C
1．C
【详解】句意：神童亚历克斯不需要太多睡眠，因为她很少在晚上11:30前上床睡觉。
考查否定句。时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数Alex，实义动词是need“需要”，后直接接宾语“much sleep”，否定句中需用助动词doesn’t。故选C。
2．B
【详解】句意：布朗先生不在工厂里工作。他是一名警察。
考查否定句。work为实义动词，要借助助动词的否定形式don’t/doesn’t来构成否定句，主语“Mr. Brown”为第三人称单数，应用doesn’t。故选B。
3．D
【详解】句意：——这条裤子多少钱？——30元。
考查特殊疑问句。根据“How much…cost ”可知本句是特殊疑问句，句中含有实义动词cost，时态为一般现在时，主语“ this pair of trousers”是第三人称单数，所以疑问句中需要借助助动词does，故选D。
4．C
【详解】句意：冰箱里有很多鸡蛋。我们不需要再买了。
考查need的用法。根据“There are many eggs in the fridge”可知有很多鸡蛋，所以不需要再买了，此处need作实义动词，使用结构need to do sth.“需要做某事”，变否定句时借助助动词don’t，后加动词原形。故选C。
5．B
【详解】句意：——你喜欢踢足球吗？——不，我不喜欢。但是我弟弟喜欢。
考查助动词的用法。根据“But”可知，弟弟喜欢踢足球，应用likes表示喜欢，但是为了避免重复，应用助动词does代替实义动词likes。故选B。
6．A
【详解】句意：——你的朋友喜欢打篮球吗？——是的，他们喜欢。
考查助动词。根据答句“Yes，they do.”可知，问句是以助动词Do开头的一般疑问句，且问句的主语“your friends”是复数，所以其对应的助动词应该使用原形Do。故选A。
7．C
【详解】句意：1969年美国人花了大约5天时间到达那里。
考查it固定句型和动词的用法。根据时间状语“in 1969”可知，该句是一般过去时，排除A和B；根据“there”可知，这是地点副词，不需要填介词，故选C。
8．D
【详解】句意：请仔细听老师讲课。
考查祈使句以及动词短语。listen是不及物动词，后接宾语要接介词to。此处是祈使句的肯定形式，此空应填动词原形，故选D。
9．B
【详解】句意：——你住在几楼？——九楼。
考查词义辨析。live居住；ninth第九。根据“Which floor do you”可知问住在几楼，live是不及物动词，后面必须加上相应的介词构成动词短语才可以跟宾语，因此是live on；住在九楼，应用序数词，即住在第九楼，序数词“第九”是ninth。故选B。
10．C
【详解】句意：请不要制造太多噪音，我想听20国峰会即将到来的新闻。
考查动词辨析和动词短语辨析。listen听；hear听到；listen to听；hear from收到某人来信。listen是不及物动词，后接所听内容时，要加介词to，即listen to sth.，所以排除A项；根据句中“Please don’t make too much noise.”可知，此处是“提醒对方不要发出噪音，因为我想去听新闻”，此处强调听新闻这个动作，所以使用listen to the news；hear强调听到的内容，此处不符合题意。故选C。
11．B
【详解】句意：——我明天将前往北京开会。当我到了那里，我将会给你打电话。——你将在什么时候离开家？我想送你去机场。
考查动词和动词短语。leave for出发去（某地）；leave离开（某地）。根据“I’ll…Beijing for a meeting”可知，此处是指前往北京开会，第一空应用leave for；根据“When will you…home”可知，此处是指离开家，第二空用leave。故选B。
12．does
【详解】句意：你妈妈是做什么的？句子时态是一般现在时，主语是your mother，助动词用does。故填does。
13．don’t
【详解】句意：她的猫不喜欢这个绿色的房子。此句是一般现在时，主语是复数名词，构成否定句需要用don’t，后跟动词原形。故填don’t。
14．does
【详解】句意：丽莎在球会做什么？主语是Lisa，时态是一般现在时，所以助动词用does。故填does。
15．do
【详解】句意：她多久做一次？do“做”，动词。助动词does后接动词原形，所以空处应填do的原形。故填do。
16． go takes
【详解】句意：——吴小姐经常怎么上班？——她经常乘坐公共汽车。时态为一般现在时，第一空前有does助动词，后接动词原形；第二空主语是she，动词用三单形式。故填go；takes。
17．succeed
【详解】句意：如果你一开始没有成功，那就一次又一次地尝试。根据“you don’t...at first.”可知，此处表示你一开始没有成功，助动词后面接动词原形，success“成功”，名词，其动词为succeed。故填succeed。
18．don’t need
【详解】句意：他们不需要早起，因为周末就要到了。根据“the weekend is coming”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，且主语“They”为第三人称复数，否定句应借助助动词don’t，后接动词原形。故填don’t need。
19．shocked
【详解】句意：听到这个坏消息，他们都感到非常震惊。根据“felt very”和提示词汇可知，felt为连系动词，后接形容词，作表语，shocked为shock的形容词。故填shocked。
20．go
【详解】句意：你妹妹每天几点回家？go home“回家”，因为句子中有助动词does，所以动词用原形。故填go。
21．respond
【详解】句意：人群对克莱尔的表演有何反应？考查response的用法。response意为“反应”，名词；根据句子结构可知，缺少谓语，要用动词respond，前面有助动词did，所以用动词原形。故填respond。
22． to come
【详解】根据所给中英文可知，要翻译的是“来”，对应的英文是“come”，be free to do sth“有空做某事”。故填to；come。
23． knock on/at the door
【详解】Let's do sth.：让我们去做某事，表建议；knock on/at the door。故填knock；on/at；the；door。
24． doesn’t have
【详解】句意：弗雷德星期三下午有生物课。原句时态为一般现在时，变为否定句时时态不变。主语为第三人称单数的Fred，且原句含有实义动词has，变为否定句时要借助于助动词does的否定形式doesn’t，放于主语后，谓语动词前，has变为原形的have。故填doesn’t；have。
25． How did
【详解】句意：琳达在老师的帮助下获得了一等奖。根据“Linda won the first prize with the help of the teacher.”可知，with the help of the teacher是一个介宾短语, 这里表示Linda获奖的方式, 用how提问, 句子是一般过去时, 助动词用did。故填How；did。
26． Have yet
【详解】句意：我父母已经收到我的信了。根据题干，可知时态为现在完成时句式且为肯定句，使用already；改为一般疑问句时，原句为现在完成时，改变句仍为现在完成时，your parents为主语，助动词使用have，一般疑问句助动词位于主语之前；already要改为yet，且用于句末。故填Have；yet。
27． help with
【详解】根据汉英对照以及空格后的名词“this subject”可知，本题考查help sb. with sth“帮助某人做某事”，由于can是情态动词，其后的动词用原形，所以第一个空格填help，第二个空格用with。故填help；with。
28． make sure
【详解】make sure“确保”，must是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填make；sure。
29．B 30．C 31．A 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．D 36．B 37．A 38．C
【导语】本文介绍了作者Alex Green的日常学校生活，包括他的上学时间、上课时间和课间活动、用餐及放学后的活动。
29．句意：我 13 岁，在英国牛津的帕克学校学习。
sleep睡觉；study学习；stay停留；stand站立。根据“...in Park School in Oxford, England”可知，应是说在英国牛津的帕克学校学习，故选B。
30．句意：我早上七点半起床，然后吃早餐。
think about考虑；look for寻找；get up起床；turn on打开。根据“...at half past seven in the morning, and then eat breakfast”可知，应是先起床再吃早餐，故选C。
31．句意：所以我常常步行上学。
on foot步行；by taxi乘出租车；by car乘小汽车；by train乘火车。根据“My school is near my house.”可知，离家近所以步行上学，故选A。
32．句意：我们上午上三节课。
morning早晨；afternoon下午；evening晚上；night夜晚。根据“...in the morning...Classes begin at nine.”可知，说的是上午的安排，所以应用in the morning表示“在早上”，故选A。
33．句意：我认为英语对我来说很有趣。
difficult困难的；interesting有趣的；boring无聊的；healthy健康的。根据“My favourite subject is English and I like to practice English with my classmates.”可知，最喜欢英语，说明觉得英语有趣，故选B。
34．句意：我们在操场上进行锻炼。
do homework做作业；do exercises做锻炼；wash clothes洗衣服；have a sleep小憩。根据“in the playground”可知，在操场上应是进行锻炼，故选B。
35．句意：我们十二点半在餐厅吃午饭。
breakfast早餐；dinner晚餐；supper晚餐；lunch午餐。根据“at half past twelve”可知，十二点半吃的应是午饭，故选D。
36．句意：学校的午餐很美味。
full饱的；delicious美味的；same相同的；funny滑稽的。空处修饰“The school lunch”，所以delicious符合语境，故选B。
37．句意：我们在下午一点半开始上课。
lessons课程；subjects科目；homework作业；bells铃声。根据“We have 2 lessons.”可知，空处应是介绍下午课程开始的时间，故选A。
38．句意：晚上，我看电视，和父母一起吃晚饭。
friends朋友；teachers老师；parents父母；classmates同学。根据“In the evening, I watch TV and have dinner”可知，晚上在家，所以应是和父母一起吃晚饭，故选C。
39．C 40．D 41．A 42．B 43．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了来自弗吉尼亚的5岁男孩Harvey在父母的带领下，在209天的时间里，从乔治亚州徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚长途步道到达缅因州。
39．细节理解题。根据“The 3,505-kilometer-long trail passes through 14 states in the eastern US.”可知，阿巴拉契亚长途步道全长3505公里。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据“And they prepared him for hiking the AT by starting out with lots of shorter walks and hikes.”可知，Harvey的父母让他从短距离的步行和徒步旅行开始，为他的徒步旅行做准备。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据“He is the oldest person to hike the trail, which he did at the age of 82.” “said Sanders, now 87 (in 2024)”可知，Dale Sanders在82岁时完成了阿巴拉契亚长途步道的徒步旅行，2024年他87岁，可以推断他82岁那年是2019年。故选A。
42．推理判断题。根据“The kid went through some hardships. Hardships make us stronger”可知，Dale Sanders认为Harvey这个孩子经历了一些困难，这让他更坚强。故选B。
43．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了来自弗吉尼亚的5岁男孩Harvey在父母的带领下，在209天的时间里，从乔治亚州徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚长途步道到达缅因州。故选C。
44．more 45．the 46．feeling 47．children 48．so 49．him 50．exactly 51．with 52．wears 53．making
【导语】本文主要讲述了怪物“年”的故事。
44．句意：中国有不止一个故事。根据“There are…than one stories in China.”可知，此处指“不止一个故事”，more than“超过”，固定短语。故填more。
45．句意：年有公牛的身体和狮子的头。根据“…head of a lion”可知，此处特指狮子的头，应用定冠词the，表特指。故填the。
46．句意：冬末，他醒了，有一种强烈的想找东西吃的感觉。根据“had a strong…of looking for something to eat”可知，此处指一种强烈的感觉，feeling“感觉”，可数名词；空前有不定冠词a，空处应用名词的单数形式。故填feeling。
47．句意：起初，他吃了许多孩子。空前为many“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，空处应用child的复数形式。故填children。
48．句意：人们非常害怕，所以在太阳落山之前，他们早早地就锁上门。根据“People were very afraid…they locked their doors early before sunset on the days of its coming.”可知，前后句之间是因果关系，此处应用连词so“所以”引导结果状语从句。故填so。
49．句意：没有人相信他。空前为动词believed，空处应用人称代词的宾格，作宾语；he的宾格为him。故填him。
50．句意：老人的话完全正确。此处应用副词修饰形容词right，exact的副词为exactly。故填exactly。
51．句意：所以现在人们爱上了他们。fall in love with“爱上”，固定短语，此处应用介词with。故填with。
52．句意：在新年这一天，每个人都穿着鲜红的衣服，点燃烟花，彻夜狂欢。句子时态为一般现在时，主语everyone是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用动词的第三人称单数形式，wear的三单形式为wears。故填wears。
53．句意：在新年这一天，每个人都穿着鲜红的衣服，点燃烟花，彻夜狂欢。have fun doing sth.“做某事很开心”，动词短语，此处应用make的动名词形式。故填making。