常见的介词易错用法（讲义，表格式）-2025届高三英语一轮复习

高中语法精讲：《常见的介词易错用法》
against用法：
反对/违背：The behavior is against the law.
不利于：The evidence is against him.
靠着/挨着：She sit there,against the tree.
映衬：The apple pines were black against the morning sky.
预防/防备：You need take the medicine against the cold.
beyond用法：
在那边：The sea is beyond that hill.
超出：She was moved beyond words.
by用法：
表方式：She finished her homework by herself.
表计量：They are paid by the hour.
在...期间：We worked by night but rest by day.
到...为止：By the midnight, they have finished all tasks.
for用法：
后面+一段时间/距离：They have walked for 20 miles.
表原因：He was sent into the prison for murder.
表赞成：I am for the plan,but he is against it.
对...来说：It is important for me to learn English well.
朝向：We headed for the train station.
和pay/sell/buy/exchange连用，表交换：She sold the house for a lot of money.
双宾语中用for：He bought a book for me.
call for 表示“需要”：This situation calls for our attention.
in用法：
表示穿着：The man in black is my brother.
表示用...颜色/笔: It can be written in ink.
of用法：
of +n =表示adj：The book is of great benefit to me.
clear/ deprive...of ;表示“剥夺除去”:The accident deprived her of a normal life.
inform/ remind...of ;表示“使...想起”：The room reminded me of my brother.
cure...of ;表示“治愈”：The doctor cured me of my headache.
suspect...of ;表示“怀疑”：They suspected my brother of murder.
demand/ask...of ;表示“要求/期望”：He asked a favor of me .
on用法：
表示“身上带有”：I didn't have any money on me.
表示“身体姿势”: He fell on his knees and begged for money.
表示“谁付钱”：The meal is on me.
表示“在...之后”：On their return, they discovered the secret.
表示“团队一员”= in：He is the best player in/on the team .
表示“挨着/边界”：The city is located on the river. .
表示“以...为食/生产力”：Birds feeds on insects in summer.
表示“正在进行”:Crime is on the increase again.
表示“抓住某人把柄”：The boss has got nothing on me.
表示“花钱/时间在某事上”：He spent 80 pounds on a hat.
表示“等候某人”：I waited on table to earn some extra money.
to用法：
solution/entrance/access/reply/answer/key + to : ... 的
表示“按照”： to one’s measurement 按照某人的尺寸
Be friendly/grateful/thankful to sb ：对...友好/感恩
to the point 中肯；贴题
With用法：
基本短语中：Be patient/strict /popular with
表示“具有”： He came into the room with a book.
have problems/trouble with....：有困难麻烦
help with...帮助 / end with 以...结束/begin with = start with 以...开始
时间介词辨析：
在...期间
during in over for
贯穿某段时间；特指visit/stay/meal前用during 泛指 季节用in 连续状态 一边...一边 动作/状态持续一段时间，可省略
在...之前
before+ 一段时间 by+ 一段时间（+完成时）
不包括当天 包括当天
在...之后
in + 一段时间（+将来时） after + 一段时间（+过去时）
at/on the weekend 在特定的某个周末 at/on weekends 一般性的每个周末
at Christmas 在圣诞节期间/前后 on the Christmas 圣诞节那天（12月25日） on Christmas eve 圣诞节前夕（12月24日）
注意：late/next/this/that/every/each/any/one/some 开头的表示时间词，不用介词
地点介词辨析：
on 接触面之上 over 正上方 above 无接触面之上
beneath 接触面之下 under 正下方 below 无接触面之下
on 表示边缘；off 表示挨着不远
“沿着”+ 道路/街道/河流等名词
along顺沿着 up由下而上 down 由上而下
“穿过；通过”
through 内部穿过；如：森林/隧道/人群/窗户等 across 外部穿过；在...对面；遍及
介词短语辨析：
agree to+安排/计划 agree on+协议/协定 agree with+观点想法/气候/食物/工作
call on sb 拜访某人；call at sp. 访问某地 【短暂性访问】
drop in on sb 拜访某人；drop in at sp. 访问某地；drop by【顺便拜访】
提供某人某物
provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb
present sb with sth = present sth to sb
supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb
give / offer sb sth = give / offer sth to sb
at 表示带有一定的恶意；to只是单纯表示分向
run to run at
rush to rush at
shout to shout at
throw to throw at
in one’s mind 在心里 on one’s mind 压在心头
on one's own 独自 of one's own 属于某人自己的
rather than 而不是 other than 除了=except
表示工具或手段的介词
by 表示“用某种方式” by + doing表示“以何种方式”
with 表示“用某种有形的工具”
表示原因或理由的介词
for 一般和sorry/famous/punish/ praise/thank/blame连用 at 指情感变化的原因， “因听到/看到而....
feel sorry for Be amazed at
with 指生理上/情感上原因 引起行为/外表变化 out of 指动机气因 “出于”
through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因
in the light of 鉴于/考虑到 by the light of 借着...的光线
despite （严谨一些）= regardless of（客观/不利因素） = in spite of 虽然
Owing to/due to/because of/thanks to/on account of/as a result of “因为”