写作基础---八大句子成分
主语:句子的主体,说明谓语所表示的动作或者状态的执行者,除倒装句外,一般位于陈述句的开头。通常由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词或从句充当主语。
e.g.To get along with others is the second thing you should learn.
谓语:实义动词(短语)可以单独做谓语,有时态,人称和单复数的变化;系动词不能单独做谓语,只能用于“主系表”结构中;“助动词/情态动词+实义动词”可以做谓语.
e.g.I can strengthen the friendship between China and England.
三.宾语:动作的承受者,位于及物动词或介词后边。名词,代词,数词,从句等可以作宾语。
e.g.I would like to express my warmest welcome to you.
四.表语:与前边的系动词构成系表结构,说明主语的状态,身份,属性等。名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,介词短语等可以做表语。
e.g.The theme of the show is environmental protection.
五.定语,是形容词,译为“...的”,单个词做定语放在被修饰词的前边,短语和从句做定语常放在被修饰词之后。
e.g.I want to send my sincere gratitude for your kind help with my English leaning.
六.状语:动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的修饰语。副词,名词,数词,介词短语,形容词,从句等都可以用作状语。
e.g.Jane woke up at dawn, thirsty and hungry.
e.g.To solve the problem, my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion.
七.宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语的性质。副词,名词,数词,介词短语,形容词,从句等都可以用作宾语补足语。
e.g.My sense of responsibility will make me a qualified volunteer.(make的使动用法)
八.同位语:对名词或代词做进一步的解释说明。同位语与该名词或代词在语法中处于同等地位的句子成分。名词,数词,介词短语,形容词,从句等都可以用作同位语。
e.g.Uncle Paul, my father’s friend, picked us up from the airport.
九个简单句式----写作多元化
主语+谓语(不及物动词)
谓语动词能够表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后边可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等。
e.g.I worked hard for ten years to pay back all the money.
e.g.We jumped and cheered with joy.
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
谓语动词不能够表达完整的意思,后边必须跟一个宾语,才能表达完整的意思
e.g.We should take part in sports and outdoor activities.(介宾)
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(双宾语)
该句式中谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,相关词汇buy,give,send,bring,tell,teach,show,return,offer,lend等。
e.g.She gave me great encouragement.
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
该句式中谓语动词虽是及物动词,但是只跟宾语还不能表达其完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使句意完整。宾语补足语是用来说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语后边。
e.g.As a high school student, I think English a very important subject.
主语+系动词+表语
该句式用来说明主语是什么或怎么样,系动词做谓语动词,{常见的系动词见笔记本},表语多为形容词,也可以是名词,介词短语,不定式或动名词等。
e.g.In my opinion, a person without friend will be never happy.
There be 句型
该句式表示“有...”
固定句式:1.There is no denying that it(形式主语) was your encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress(真正的主语).不可否认是你的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。.
There is no doubt that it is a good chance for us to learn from each other.毫无疑问,这是一个我们互相学习的机会。
As long as we try our best, there is no need to feel regret for these failures只要我们尽力了,就没有必要为失败而后悔。(there is no need to do ,没必要做...)
There is no sense/point in doing...做...是没有意义的/道理