通用版小学英语小升初语法讲义---动词（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
小升初语法讲义---动词
第一讲时态串烧
一、课程介绍
知识点
1.一般现在时的用法
2.现在进行时的用法
3.一般将来时的用法
4.一般过去时的用法
教学重点
1.四种时态的结构
2.四种时态的标志词
3.四种时态的用法
教学难点
一般过去时的用法
二、要点回顾
用单词的适当形式填空
1. He _________ TV at the moment. (watch)
2. My mother often ________ in bed. ( read)
3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only __________ it for 24 hours. (keep)
4. I_________ (buy) a new dictionary this weekend.
5. They____________ (take) photos near the river an hour ago.
三、知识精要
时态 结构
一般现在时 am/is/are / do
现在进行时 am/is/are + doing
一般将来时 will + do/ am/is/are going to do
一般过去时 was/were/did
四、要点讲练
【要点1】一般现在时
1.构成
动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形式。详见下表：
动词be 动词have
I am a student You are a student He (She) is a student. We (You, They) are students. I have a pen. You have a pen. He (She) has a pen. We (You, They) have pens.
小贴士
(
1.
一般现在时的三单用法：
当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：
1
）一般在动词后直接加
s
。如：
talk –talks, live –lives, stay-stays
。
2
）以
s, x.,
ch
,
sh
或
o
结尾的动词在其后加
es
。如：
watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes
。
3
）以辅音字母加
y
结尾的动词，把
y
变成
i
再加
es
。如：
carry – carries, fly –flies
。
4
）特殊的，如：
have
的第三人称单数为
has
。
)
2.用法
a．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。
常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/ year…等。
例如: I go to school every day except Sunday.
除了星期日，我每天上学。
b．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。
例如: The earth moves/ goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
【例题】
The students of Class One _____ an English class every day.
A. has B. have C. had D. having
【即学即用】
My friend, Lucy from Canada.
A. be B. come C. comes D. are
【要点2】现在进行时
1.构成
现在进行时由助动词be的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成。它的肯定式，否定式及疑问式的结构如下：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
I am working now. You are working now. He (She) is working now. We (You, They) are working now. I am not working now. You are not working now. He (She) is not working now. We (You, They) are not working now. Am I working now Are you working now Is he (she) working now Are we (you, they) working now
2.用法
a．表示说话时正在进行的动作。
常用的时间状语有：now, at the moment等，look, listen也是现在进行时的标志词。
例如: Who are you waiting for
你在等谁？
b．一些表示位置移动的词，如：go, come, leave, arrive, move, die等，常用现在进行时态来表示将来时。
例如: He is coming soon.
他不久就要来了。
My family is moving to Beijing next month.
我们家下个月要搬到北京。
【例题】
Where is your father, Mike —He _______ in the kitchen.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked
【即学即用】
Look! Jane’s grandmother _______ with some aged people in the park.
A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing
【要点3】一般将来时
1.构成：动词一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。shall用于第一人称作主语，will用于第二、三人称作主语。除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称，一般也用will。在口语中，常用shall。will的缩写形式’ll，shall not的缩写形式为：shan’t, will not的缩写形式为：won’t。详见下表：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
I (We) shall / will go there. I (We ) shall / will not go there. Shall I (we) go there
You (He, She, They) will go there. You (He, She, They) will not go there. Will you (he, she, they) go there
2.用法
a．will do结构：表示将要发生的动作或状态。
常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few day, in the future ,soon, from now on, in+一段时间，等。
例如: I'll go and see her next Friday.
我下周五去看她。
b．be going to do结构：表示说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事，be going to 结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。
例如: Look at these black clouds. I think it's going to rain.
看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。
c. there be 句型的一般将来时：表示将来某地会有某人或某物，构成为：there will be或there is /are going to be,用is或are要看后面的名词。否定句在will后加not，疑问句把will提到there前。
例如: There will be a football match in our school tomorrow.
明天在我们学校将有一场足球比赛。
小贴士
(
there will be
句型只表示物体所处的地点，存在的人或物并不属于某个地方，所以句中不能出现表示拥有关系的
have
或
has
；句中的
be
只能使用原形，不能变化成它的具体形式。
)【例题】
Look at the black clouds. It ________ tomorrow.
A. rains B. will be going to rain C. is going to rain D. be going to rain
【即学即用】
There _______ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is going to be B. will be going to C. will going to be D. will go to be
【要点4】一般过去时
1.构成：一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
一般动词 I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there. I (You, He, She, We, They) did not work there. Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there
be动词 I (He, She, It) was there. We ( You, They) were there I (He, She, It) was not there. We (You, They) were not there. Was I (he, she, it) there Were you (we, they) there
have动词 I (You, He, She, We, They) had books. I (You, He, She, We, They) had not/ didn't have any books Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books 或Did I (you, he )have any books
2.用法
表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day（前几天）, just now, once upon a time, in+过去时间, in the old days, at that time/moment, a few days/ months/ weeks/ years ago等。
例如：He left for Beijing yesterday morning.
他昨天上午到北京去了。
【例题】
I have been to Shanghai. I ________ there last month.
A. go B. went C. goes D. go to
【即学即用】
—" Tom visit his uncle yesterday afternoon "
—"No, he . "
A. Did; did B. Did; didn't C. Does; doesn't D. Do; don't
课后作业
习文练笔
[题目要求]
写一封信给你的笔友，介绍你家人的情况。
[词汇热身]
①又高又瘦______________
②看书______________
③上班______________
④步行______________
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第二讲时态辨析
一、课程介绍
知识点
1. 一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析
2.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析
3.一般将来时be going to与will的辨析
教学重点
1. 一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析
2.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析
3.一般将来时be going to与will的辨析
教学难点
1.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析
2.一般将来时be going to与will的辨析
二、要点回顾
（一）填空
1. are→_________ (过去式）
2. sit→_________(现在分词)
3. see→_________（过去式）
4. study→_________（现在分词）
5. have→_________ (三单形式）
（二）用单词的适当形式填空
1. Look! Your brother __________in the basketball match. (play)
2. I called you, but nobody answered. Where __________ you.( be)
3. He ___________to Changsha next week. (go)
4. I_________ my homework. I can’t join you.(finish)
5. He went into his room,____________ the light and began to work.(turn on)
三、知识精要
时态 用法
一般现在时 表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态；一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。
现在进行时 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或状态。
一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
四、要点讲练
【要点1】一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析
一般现在时 一般过去时
We often swim in the river in summer.(经常) I study English here.（现在） We often swam in the river when we were children.（过去） I studied English here.（过去）
表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或说话时的短暂动作；状态动词表现在的状态。 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作；状态动词表过去的状态。 注意：本句中学生易受often的影响，用成一般现在时。同时注意表示过去常常做某事也可用used to do的结构进行表示。
小贴士
(
1.
一般在动词末尾加
-ed
，如：
pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2
．结尾是
e
加
d
，如：
taste-tasted
3
．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加
-ed
，如：
stop-stopped
4
．以
“
辅音字母
+y”
结尾的，变
y
为
i
，再加
-ed
，如：
study-studied
5
．不规则动词过去式：

am/is-
was ,
are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said ,give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came,
have-had,eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put,make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke,
等。
)
【例题】
The twins_______ in Dalian last year． They_______ here now．
A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D．were; was
【即学即用】
I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it __________. (happen)
【要点2】一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析
一般现在时 现在进行时
My watch works well.(经常) They live in Shanghai.(经常) The bus stops.(迅速) My watch is working well.（暂时） They are living in Shanghai.（暂时） The bus is stopping.(慢慢)
表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或说话时短暂动作；状态动词表现在的状态。侧重说明事实。 表示现在暂时性的动作或此刻进行中的持续性动作，侧重在动作持续的暂时的持续性。可有感彩。
【例题】
-Where is Michael
-He__________(watch)TV at home, I think.
【即学即用】
Although Bill isn’t rich, he often_______(give) money to the poor
【要点3】一般将来时be going to与will的辨析
形式 -Why are you taking down all the pictures -I am going to repaint the room. -This box is terribly heavy. -I’ll help you to carry it.
相同点 形式上加动词原形；内容上都能表示意图
不同点 be going to表示事先经过考虑的意图或者已有迹象表明将要发生或出现的情况; will表示临时的意图
be going to可以用于条件状语从句 will不能用于条件状语，从句中表示将来
表示即将发生某事时，口语中多用be going to 表示即将发生某事时，书面语中多用will
【例题】
She has bought some cloth; she __________________(make) herself a dress.
【即学即用】
-Where is the telephone book
--I__________(get) it for you.
课后作业
习文练笔
亲爱的同学们，你们的小学生活即将结束。在6年的小学阶段，你一定有不少的变化吧。请你根据自己，告诉我们
你的变化吧！不少于60个词。
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
第三讲情态动词
一、课程介绍
知识点
1.情态动词的定义
2.情态动词的用法
3.不同情态动词的区别
教学重点
1.情态动词的用法
2.不同情态动词的区别
教学难点
不同情态动词的区别
二、要点回顾
根据中文意思，完成句子
1. 她能游得很快，但我不能。
She______ ______ fast, but I can’t.
2. 他十岁时就会写诗。
He______ _______poems when he was 10.
3. 明天可能会下雨。
It ______ rain tomorrow.
4. 你必须完成作业。
You ______ finish your homework.
5. 我需要马上做这件事情。
I_____ _____ _____ it right now.
三、知识精要
情态动词 词义 否定形式 词义
can 能够，会 can’t 不能，不会
could 能够，会 couldn’t 不能，不会
may 可能，可以 mayn’t 可能不，不可以
must 必须 mustn’t 不允许，禁止
should 应该 shouldn’t 不应该
need 需要 needn’t 不必
will 将会，愿 won’t 不会，不愿
四、要点讲练
【要点1】情态动词的定义：
情态动词是一种本身有一定词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词
We can be there on time tomorrow.（能力）
You must obey the school rules. (命令)
【要点2】情态动词的用法
1.特点：情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或未来。
2.位置：在陈述句中，情态动词放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前；疑问句中，则放在主语之前。
He could be here soon.
I’m sorry, I can’t help you.
I can see e here.
He must have been away.
【要点3】不同情态动词的区别
1. can
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。　　
Can you lift this heavy box （体力）　　
Mary can speak three languages.（知识）　　
Can you skate （技能）　　　　　　
2) 表示请求和允许。　　
-----Can I go now 　　
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
3)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true
小贴士
(
could
是
can
的过去式，
could
也能用在现在时使语气更加的委婉。
can
和
could
只能用于现在时和过去式两种时态，将来时态用
be able to
来表示。
)
【例题】
--Can you ride a horse
--No, I _______.
A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t
【即学即用】
翻译句子。
我现在可以回家吗？
_______________________________
2. may
1）表示请求和允许。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
You may take the book home.
---- May I smoke in this room
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May I take this book out of the room
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t)
2）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
He may be very busy now.
Your mother may not know the truth.
3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
May you happy!
小贴士
(
1.
用
May I...

征
徇
对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用
Can I...

在口语中更常见。
2. might
是
may
的过去式
,
有两种用法
,
一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气
,
使语气更加委婉
,
客气或对可能性的怀疑。
)
【例题】
--May I ride the horse
--No, you _______.
A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t
【即学即用】
翻译句子。
我可以用你的车吗？
_______________________________
3.must
1)表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事
I must finish my work today.
You must return the money today.
He must be the man I am looking for.
2)must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句），意思为“一定是,必然……”。
You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
小贴士
(
must
的否定形式
mustn
’
t
表示禁止，意思是
“
不能，不许
”
。

在回答由
must
引起的疑问句时，如果是否定的，不能用
mustn
’
t
（禁止，不准），而用
needn
’
t, don
’
t have to
（不必要）。
)
【例题】
We _______throw the waste in the zoo.
A. needn’t B. don’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
【即学即用】
翻译句子。
我妈妈生病了，我必须在家照顾她。
_______________________________
4.should
表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、征求、劝告、建议等
You should hand in the exercise book.
This should be no problem.
Why should I meet him
【例题】
He ________ more flowers, and he shouldn’t cut any flowers.
A. shouldn’t plant B. should plants C. shouldn’t planting D. should plant
【即学即用】
翻译句子。
你应该早早地起床。
_______________________________
5. need
作为情态动词，用法与其他情态动词一样，但nee还可用作实意动词，与其他动词一样，有第三人称、单复数，后面需加动词不定式。
I need a bike to go to school.
She needs a book.
She needs to finish her homework.
【例题】
I am so tired that I______ go home and have a rest now.
A. needn’t B. need to C. can D. will
【即学即用】
翻译句子。
我需要你的帮助。
_______________________________
6. will
1) 做助动词，表示一般将来时，将要。 He will be home at six.
Bob will leave school next month.
2) 作为情态动词时表示“愿意”“意愿”“会”。 I will help you.
I will never do that again.
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please
【例题】
I ________ do it again, that’s the last time.
A. needn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
【即学即用】
翻译句子。
我会帮助你的。
_______________________________
第四讲融会贯通
一、知识精要
时态 结构 用法
一般现在时 am/is/are / do 表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态；一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。
现在进行时 am/is/are + doing 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
一般将来时 will + do/ am/is/are going to do 表示将要发生的动作或状态。
一般过去时 was/were/did 表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
情态动词 词义 否定形式 词义
can 能够，会 can’t 不能，不会
could 能够，会 couldn’t 不能，不会
may 可能，可以 mayn’t 可能不，不可以
must 必须 mustn’t 不允许，禁止
should 应该 shouldn’t 不应该
need 需要 needn’t 不必
will 将会，愿 won’t 不会，不愿
二、习题大熔炉
（一）写出下列单词的三单形式、过去式和现在分词形式
take__________ ___________ ____________
do _________ ___________ ____________
eat _________ ___________ ____________
live_________ ___________ ____________
help_________ ___________ ____________
have__________ ___________ ____________
feel__________ ___________ ____________
go __________ ___________ ____________
（二）用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I often _______ (do) my homework in the evening. But yesterday evening I _______(watch) TV.
2. ----Did Mike_______(go) swimming ---- No, he _______(do).
3. I _______(cook) noodles yesterday.
4.I_______(wake) up at 7 o’clock this morning.
5. I’m going to _______(have) an art class next weekend.
6. Bob often ______(help) his mother with the housework on Sundays.
7. —What did the teacher say just now
—He said that the earth ________ (go) round the sun.
8. Let’s _______ by bus.(go)
9. Must I_______ home now No, you can stay here.(go)
10. Could you ______ me a hand.(give)
（三）单项选择
( ) 1. How many students_______ in your class
A. are there B. is there C. there are
( ) 2. Where ______ you _______ on your holiday
A. did ; go B did; do C. did; went
( ) 3. She ______ last weekend.
drank tea B. buy gifts C. is going to visit her grandparents
( ) 4. He usually_______ on the weekends.
A. reads books B. slept C. see a film
( ) 5. I _______ it was too cold, and I _______ go camping.
A. think; can’t B. thought; couldn’t C. think couldn’t
( ) 6. You _______ go and see a doctor because you had a fever(发烧).
A. could B. might C. should
( ) 7. —When _______ you _______ the bike
—Last month.
A. have; bought B. did; buy C. do; buy
( ) 8. His uncle _______ in three days.
A. will return B. returns C. returned
( )9. Could you see _______at night
star B. stars C. stares
( )10.Chen Ling _______ some pictures of Big Ben last year.
A. took B. rode C .hurt
( )11.Look! Lucy _______ under the tree.
A. reads B. is reading C. read
( )12.Can you speak English - No, I _______.
A. mustn't B. can't C. couldn't
( )13.Jim _______come tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. should B. might C. would
( )14.The children _______ play football on the road.
A. could B. must C. mustn't
( )15.You_______watch TV after finishing your homework.
A. would B. can C. should
( )16.The famous writer _______ one new book now .
A. is writing B. writes C. wrote
( )17. My friend, Lucy _______ from Canada.
A. are B. come C. comes
( )18. -ls she _______something Is it fish
-Yes. Would you like_______
A. eat, eats B. eating; to eat C. to eat; eating
( )19.—Hurry up! It’s time to leave. —OK. _______
A. I’m coming. B. I’ll come. C. I’ve come.
( )20. Must I go home now No, you _______stay here.
A. can B. must C. should
（四）连词成句
1. know you do how that ( )
______________________________________________________
was there library no my in school old (.)
_____________________________________________________
couldn’t my bike ride I(.)
______________________________________________________
am I class in active very now( )
______________________________________________________
no gym there was my school in ago years twenty(.)
______________________________________________________
（五）句型转换。
1.He has a piece of bread for breakfast every day. （就划线部分提问）
_________ _________ _________ __________ for breakfast every day
Jackie has lunch at schoo1．(改为一般疑问句)
_________ Jackie __________ lunch at school
John usually brushes his teeth before he goes to bed.(用what对划线部分提问)
What _______ John usually _______ before he goes to bed.
They go to bed early.(改为一般疑问句)
________ they ________ to bed early
Mrs. Smith is busy now. She is doing her housework at home. (把句子改写成一句)
Mrs. Smith is ________ ________ her housework at home.
6. I am very busy now. (改为同义句)
I am very busy ________ _________ ________.
7. I picked oranges on the farm last week.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________you ________ oranges last week
8. We ate lots of delicious food last Spring Festival.（改为一般疑问句）
________ you ________ lots of delicious food last Spring Festival
9. Lily likes spring best.（对划线部分提问）
________ season ________ Lily like best
10. You can take this book.（改为否定句）
_________________________________
（六）习文练笔
[题目要求]
上周末，外面正在下雨，你和你的家人不得不呆在家里。你们都做了什么？请用一般过去时记录下你和家人的周末。首句已给出。
[思路点拨]
1．时态：一般过去时；人称：第一人称和第三人称。
2．可使用一些固定的句型结构，注意人称以及动词的过去式。
[词汇热身]
①待在家里______________
②打扫房间______________
③看报纸______________
④一起______________
[连句成篇]
It was rainy last weekend. My family and I _____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第一讲
要点回顾：
is watching
reads
keep
bought
took
要点1 B C
要点2 C C
要点3 C A
要点4 B B
习文练笔
【参考范文】
Dear Amy,
My name is Sarah. I’m 13. I’m tall and thin. I like swimming. My father is 40. He’s tall and strong, He likes reading books. He is an engineer. He works in a car company. He goes to work by car. My mother is 39. She’s short and thin. She likes cooking. She is a sales person. She works in a bookstore. She goes to work on foot.
Yours,
Sarah
第二讲
要点回顾：
（一）
1. were
2. sitting
3. saw
4. studying
5. has
（二）
1. is playing
2. were
3. will go/ is going to go
4. don’t/didn’t finish
5.turned on
要点1 B happened
要点2 is watching gives
要点3 is going to make will get
习文练笔
【参考范文】
My changes
I was 1.2 meters tall before. But now I am 0.4 meters taller than before. I am 1.6 meters tall now. I was 38 kilograms before.
I am 45 kilograms now. I am heavier than before. My hobby was watching TV before/in the past. But now I like playing badminton. Every day I play badminton after school. I think sports can make me stronger.
第三讲
要点回顾
can swim
could write
may
must
need to do/do
要点1 C Can I go home now
要点2 D May I use your car
要点3 D My mother is ill. I must stay at home and look after her.
要点4 D You should get up early.
要点5 B I need your help
要点6 B I will help you.
第四讲
（一）
takes took taking
does done doing
eats ate eating
lives lived living
helps helped helping
has had having
feels felt feeling
goes went going
（二）
1. do watched
2. go didn’t
3. cooked
4. woke
5. have
6. helps
7. goes
8. go
9. go
10. give
（三）
1-5 AAAAB 6-10 CBABA 11-15BBBCB 16-20ACBAA
（四）
1. How do you know that
2. There was no old library in my school.
3. I couldn’t ride my bike.
4. Am I very active in class now
5. There was no gym in my school twenty years ago.
（五）
1. What does he have
2. Does; have
3. does; do
4. Do; go
5. busy doing
6. at this moment
7. Where; did; pick
8. Did; eat
9. Which; does
10. You can’t take this book.
（六）
【参考范文】
It was rainy last weekend. My family and I stayed at home all day. In the morning my mother cleaned the room. And my father read the newspaper. My mother cooked the food at noon and I helped her wash the vegetables. After lunch, I did my homework. In the evening, we watched TV together. We had a happy weekend.