2015-2016高中英语人教新课标必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars单元综合测评(含部分答案解析）

Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars
(时间：90分钟　满分：110分)
第一部分　阅读理解(共两节；满分30分)
第一节　(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
What science fiction (story) once told about other worlds far away is now a fact. Astronomers (experts at the science of the universe) prove another solar(of the sun)system like ours with some planets in the constellation Andromeda(仙女座)．
Geoffrey Marcy is a professor of astronomy and physics at San Francisco State University and says, “What we have found now，for the first time ever, is indeed a fully－grown system－of planets around the star Upsilon Andromeda. It appears to have three planets，one close in，one at a middle distance，and one farther out. The star is slightly larger than our sun. The planets are huge，like our Jupiter(木星)．”
Marcy's partner in this research，Debra Fischer, describes the solar system，“Here are the inner planet that goes around every 46 days, the middle planet that goes around every 242 days, and then the outer planet that goes around every three and a half to four years.”
Astronomically, it's not far away, 44 light years. The sun of that solar system，Upsilon Andromeda，is so near and bright that it can be seen by using no equipment during summer and fall.
For twelve years astronomers searched the skies in the belief that if our sun has planets around it, surely others do, too. Geoffrey Marcy says, “And then starting three and a half years ago, we began finding for the first time planets singly, one planet here around one star...”
“When I look up at the stars now at night, I can imagine easily that every one of them has planets around them，” says Debra Fischer.
It was a tremble (shaking)in the star that led Marcy to the planets. “The star rocks around due to the gravity of the planet as a dog owner gets pulled around by a little dog.”
Can they support life We don't know, because present technology is not advanced enough to determine what the planets are made of. That, Marcy says，is astronomy's next challenge.
1．What's the relation between Andromeda (A), Upsilon Andromeda system(U)and the mentioned three planets(P)
A
　　　　
B
C
　　　　
D
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。通读全文可知Andromeda是一个星座，像太阳系；Upsilon Andromeda是一颗恒星，像太阳；three planets是它的三个卫星，因此可推出B项正确。
2．According to Debra Fischer，in the new solar system, ________.
A．the farther a planet is from the star, the longer it takes to go around the star
B．the larger a planet is，the shorter it takes to go around the star
C．it takes all the planets around three and a half to four years to go around the star
D．the planets move around the star at the same(均匀) speed
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据天文常识及本文所述，任何行星的卫星的运转周期不可能是一致的，越是远离行星，一般运转周期越长。
3．What led to Marcy's discovery of the planets
A．That he found a dog owner was pulled by his dog.
B．The tremble of Upsilon Andromeda.
C．That any planet has gravity.
D．That he believes any star has its planets.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知。
4．We can infer that the scientists are ________.
A．to find out whether the planets can support life
B．to find means to communicate with the living beings on the planets
C．to find means to travel to the planets
D．soon to be able to answer the question of whether there is life on these planets
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。其他几项提到的不是本文重点或没提及。
B
The earth is the only planet that scientists think has life. Why does the earth have life while the other planets (行星) don't For one thing, the earth is just the right temperature. As the_third_planet from the sun, the earth seems to be just the right distance away. The planets which are closer to the sun are hot that their surfaces bake (烘烤) in the sun. The farthest planets are cold balls.
When the earth developed — which scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years ago — many gases covered the earth. The gases caused the earth to be hot. But something wonderful happened. The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form. It rained very hard for a very long time. This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow. The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.
Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth. That planet is Mars (火星). Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler. But it is not too cold for humans. On some days, the temperatures are as low as a winter day in the northern United States. If you wore a special space suit, you could walk around on Mars. You would have to bring your own air to breathe, the air on Mars is too thin to breathe.
Mars has the largest volcano (火山) in the solar system. It is sixteen miles high. The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high. The most unexpected (未预测到的) sight on Mars is dried up river beds. Scientists believe that Mars was once much better than it is now. Does this mean there could have been living things on Mars Scientists are not sure, but there has been no sign so far.
5．Which of the following is NOT the reason that the earth has life
A. The earth is just the right temperature.
B. The volcanos on earth are lower than those on Mars.
C. There is oxygen in the atmosphere of the earth.
D. The earth seems to be just the right distance away from the sun.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。文中提到地球是可证实的唯一有生命存在的太阳系行星，其原因包括地球合适的温度、距太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。B项火山与此无关。
6．The underlined phrase “the third planet” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A. the Sun B. the Moon
C. the Earth D. the Mars
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第一段中内容可知距离太阳第三远的行星指的是地球。
7．Which of the following about the Mars is NOT true
A. There could have been living things on Mars.
B. Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system.
C. There is almost no oxygen in the air on Mars.
D. Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。文章最后一段提到火星上有干涸的河床的迹象，但这一点并不能证实火星上存在生命，因为还没有生命迹象，故A项不正确。其他三项都与文章相符。
C
Many of us are fascinated by time travel. Who wouldn't be enthralled by returning to the past or seeing the future But time travel seems to be possible only in our imagination — or in most cases, in science fiction.
Science fiction is a world where impossible things can become possible. But science fiction is not entirely fiction since it is based on science theories and principles. I have compiled some of the popular ways by which time travel is made possible in fiction books：
●Through the wormhole(虫孔)— It is a shortcut between points in space－time. According to Einstein, an object can pass through this if it can travel at the speed of light with infinite mass. An example of a wormhole is described in Riddle of the Red Bible.
●Through a black hole — A black hole is a vacuum in space where light cannot even escape or pass through. In some sci－fi movies, like Star Trek, black holes become the means to travel through time.
●Through time machines — In fiction, time machines are complex vehicles that can travel faster than light. A time machine can be a strange vehicle like TARDIS in Doctor Who or a specially modified car like the one used in Back to the Future.
●Through a parallel(平行的) universe — Another popular way to travel through time is to be able to slip or slide into a parallel universe where one can go back to a point in time and see a different reality.
Though we know time travel may not be possible, it is still an entertaining subject and a heated topic for most of us.
语篇解读　本文作者在文中介绍了科幻小说里讲述时间旅行的几种方式。
8．The underlined word “enthralled” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “________”．
A．thrilled B．confused
C．shocked D．upset
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。从第一段中的“Many of us are fascinated by time travel”和“returning to the past or seeing the future”可推知，画线词意为“被迷住的，着迷的”，与A项意思最为接近。
9．The means of travelling through a black hole is described in ________.
A．Doctor Who
B．Back to the Future
C．Star Trek
D．Riddle of the Red Bible
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。从第四段中的“like Star Trek，black holes become the means to travel through time”可知选C。
10．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A．Time travel will never become possible even in the far future.
B．Time travel through a time machine will be the most common means.
C．Sci－fi writers have some similar experience as they describe in their fiction.
D．Many ways of time travel are described in science fiction besides the mentioned fours.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。从第二段最后一句中的“some of the popular ways by which time travel is made possible in fiction books”这一信息可知，除了作者在文章中列举的这些方式之外，科幻小说里还介绍了其他方式。所以选D。
第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Friends are important to children. Research shows that children who have no friends might suffer from difficulties later in life. __11__ In making friends, children can also learn how to communicate with others and solve problems.
In order to help your children make friends, you need to understand the steps children take in building friendships.
★Be a friend to your children at home. __12__ Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents. Greet the children warmly and let them know you are glad to see them. Children learn a lot from the time their parents spend with them.
★Teach your children how to solve conflicts (争执). __13__ If you know the children have a conflict, let them work it out on their own. Only step in if it is really necessary. For example, an argument is leading to a fight.
★__14__ Have your children play games that require cooperation. For example, relay races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork.
★__15__ You can encourage your children to do this by setting an example to them when someone gives you a hand.
A. Good friendships start at home.
B. Encourage your children to show thanks to others.
C. Give children chances to practice working together.
D. Friendship provides children with more than just fun.
E. Children should be wise when choosing their friends.
F. As children grow older, they continue to depend on their parents' support.
G. Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others.
答案：11.D　12.A　13.G　14.C　15.B
第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When Katie was nine years old, her teacher gave each kid in her class a cabbage seedling (幼苗). She __16__ the seedling in her backyard. Then she watered it every day __17__ it grew into a 40 pound cabbage!
The vegetable was too __18__ for her family to eat. “I knew my cabbage needed to __19__ a special home，” said Katie. So she __20__ it to a local soup kitchen — a place that provided __21__ for people who were hungry.
Because of her __22__， the soup kitchen invited Katie to help serve the cabbage. That cabbage helped to__23__ lots of people.
Katie loved the __24__ of growing food to feed people. She __25__ she needed more garden space.
Her school had an unused __26__， and Katie thought it was the perfect spot. The school liked the garden idea, and all the students were __27__ to help. But Katie didn't __28__ there. She worked with local __29__who gave her plots (小块土地) of land for additional (额外的) gardens.
Katie hoped to grow all kinds of crops, __30__ she didn't know how. She asked for help from an expert gardener. Together, they __31__ the types of vegetables that grow best in the area. A seed company then gave them all the plants.
Katie's __32__ grew even bigger than her cabbage. Her group, Katie's Krops, now has seven gardens. All the land __33__ that they can grow a lot of food for the needy. Encouraged by Katie, lots of kids and adults __34__ to plant and water.
Katie's Krops has __35__ soup kitchens over 5,000 pounds of vegetables so far.
16．A. studied B. cut
C. planted D. washed
17．A. though B. if
C. until D. because
18．A. fresh B. hard
C. sweet D. big
19．A. build B. accept
C. leave D. find
20．A. sent B. returned
C. told D. lent
21．A. houses B. jobs
C. clothes D. meals
22．A. kindness B. happiness
C. protection D. question
23．A. recognize B. hire
C. feed D. save
24．A. silence B. luck
C. trust D. satisfaction
25．A. forgot B. promised
C. doubted D. decided
26．A. desk B. room
C. field D. book
27．A. excited B. hurry
C. brave D. possible
28．A. stop B. lie
C. live D. help
29．A. students B. farmers
C. teachers D. workers
30．A. so B. or
C. for D. but
31．A. cooked B. chose
C. hid D. changed
32．A. trouble B. idea
C. picture D. mistake
33．A. means B. hopes
C. feels D. advises
34．A. hate B. happen
C. refuse D. volunteer
35．A. sold B. bought
C. shown D. given
答案与解析：
语篇解读　从一棵大白菜到如今的菜园连锁集团，Katie让无数忍饥挨饿的人得到她的恩惠。
16．C　Katie把老师给的那棵白菜苗“种(planted)”在了自家的后院里。下文中的it grew into a 40 pound cabbage是提示。
17．C　白菜苗种上之后，Katie每天给它浇水“直到(until)”它长成了40磅重的大白菜。
18．D　从前面的40 pound cabbage可知，这棵白菜太“大(big)”以至于Katie家人吃不了。
19．D　因为白菜很大，所以Katie决定为它“找(find)”一个特殊的家。根据下文她的捐赠行为可知答案。
20．A　Katie把它“送(sent)”到了当地的一个施食处。
21．D　根据who were hungry可知，a local soup kitchen是在义务为饥饿的人们提供“饭食(meals)”。
22．A　由于她的“仁慈(kindness)”，施食处邀请她去帮助施舍这棵白菜。
23．C　这棵大白菜帮助“喂养(feed)”很多人。
24．D　见下题解析。
25．D　Katie喜欢上了种菜帮助人们的这种“满足感(satisfaction)”，因此她决定“(decided)”要更多的菜园空地。
26．C　根据上文的she needed more garden space及下文的it was the perfect spot可知，她的学校有一块不用的“地(field)”。
27．A　由上文“学校喜欢她的这一想法”可知，学生们都很“高兴(excited)”去帮忙。
28．A　从下文的．.. for additional gardens可知Katie并没有“停留(stop)”在此。
29．B　根据下文的．.. gave her plots of land for additional gardens可知当地的“农民(farmers)”给了她一些小块土地。
30．D　Katie想种植各种各样的作物，“但是(but)”她不知道怎么种。
31．B　从上文的She asked for help from an expert gardener可知，她和专家一起“挑选(chose)”在那个地区生长最好的蔬菜种类。
32．B　从下文的Her group, Katie's Krops, now has seven gardens可知，她成立了Katie’s Krops，所以Katie用蔬菜救助人们的“想法(idea)”变得更大了。
33．A　所有这些土地“意味着(means)”他们能为生活贫困的人提供更多食物。
34．D　受Katie的鼓励，很多小孩和成人都“自愿(volunteer)”来干活。
35．D　由上文可知Katie送给施食处蔬菜。所以在此用given。
第二节　语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once a man was walking along a beach. The sun was shining and it was a beautiful day. In the distance he could see a person 36.________(go) back and forth between the surf's edge 37.________ the beach. As the man approached, he could see there were hundred of starfish stranded(搁浅的) on the sand as the result of the natural 38.________(behave) of the tide.
The man 39.________(stick) by the apparent uselessness of the task. There were far too many starfish. Many of them were sure to die. 40.________ he approached, the person continued the task of picking up the starfish one by one and throwing them into the ocean.
As he came up to the person, he said, “You must be crazy. There are 41.________(thousand) of miles of beach 42.________(cover) with starfish. You can't 43.________(possible) make a difference.” The person looked at the man. He then bent down and picked up one 44.________(many) starfish and threw it back into the ocean. He turned back to the man and said, “It surely made a difference 45.________ that one！”
答案：36.going　37.and　38.behavior　39.was stuck　40.As/When　41.thousands　42.covered　43.possibly　44.more　45.to
第三部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(每小题1分，满分10分)
英语课上，老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下短文为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
3．必须按答题要求做题，否则不给分。
My mother died months before and my father was often out on the business, so I felt very lonely. I missed my old life then my mother was still alive and we were happy. Laura was my best friends and cared about me very much. One Friday when I thought I will have to spend the weekend alone, I couldn't help cry. She sat with me, not saying something while I cried until I felt calmly. From that day on she often encouraged me face my life bravely. Gradually I began to consider the reality calmly. Under her help I was able to deal with my feelings better.
答案：
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
中美中学生交流项目安排一批美国中学生来你所在的城市体验中国文化，为期一周，现在网上挑选适合住宿的家庭(homestay family)。假如你是光明中学高一学生李华，请根据下表提供的信息用英语给项目美方负责人Mike Smith写一封邮件，提出申请。
You good at English, active
Your parents friendly, cook well
Your house clean, comfortable, extra bedrooms
Your plans to show the students around ...
注意：
1．词数100词左右；
2．可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经写出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith，
I am writing to request the valuable chance to be one of the homestay families for the American students._________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
范文：
Dear_Mr._Smith，
I_am_writing_to_request_the_valuable_chance_to_be_one_of_the_homestay_families_for_the_American_students. As an active girl in senior one, Guangming School, I'm quite good at English. My parents, who are kind and friendly, are for my idea that I host an American student. We have a clean and comfortable house, which lies in a beautiful area of the city. Luckily, we have extra rooms for guests. My mother cooks well so the student will be able to enjoy delicious Chinese food. What's more, my father is an excellent driver and we will show the foreign student around some local places of interest in our area. I'd greatly appreciate it if I could have the chance to make friends with her/him.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua