2015-2016学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Grammar（主语从句） Word同步讲练(含答案）

Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Grammar Word
主语从句
【语境展示】 观察下面句子，并试着归纳主语从句的用法要点。
1. That he had finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
2. Whether the plan is to be carried out still needs to be discussed.
3. Who will go to the energy conference is not important.
4. What I wanted was a few days’ rest.
5. Which hotel he is staying at is unknown to us.
6. When the sports meeting will be held has not been decided yet.
7. Where we should leave the garbage is a problem.
8. Why he isn’t here today is a mystery.
9. How the man died puzzled us all.
【自我归纳】
在复合句中，担任主语的从句叫主语从句（句1—句9）。引导主语从句的词有：连词that, whether（句1、句2）；连接代词who, what, which （句3—句5）；连接副词when, where, why, how（句6—句9）等。
一、由连词that, whether引导的主语从句
1. that引导主语从句时，无实际意义，只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分，当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略（句1）。
2. whether意为“________”，不可以省略（句2）。
二、由连接代词who, what, which引导的主语从句
连接代词who，what，which引导主语从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或________等（句3—句5）。
三、由连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句
连接副词when, where, why, how引导主语从句时，在从句中充当状语（句6—句9）。
【拓展】
当主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句放在句末。如：
It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
It was clear enough what he meant.
It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.
常见的由it作形式主语的句型如下：
①It + be +名词+从句。常用此句型的名词有：fact, rule, pleasure, truth, pity, mystery等。如：
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
It is a pity that you can’t swim.
It was a mystery how the thief got in.
②It + be +形容词+从句。常用于此句型的形容词有：true, important, strange, necessary, clear, certain等。如：
It is true that the earth is round.
It is strange that he knows nothing about it.
It was not clear to me why he behaved like that.
③It +动词+从句。常用于此句型的动词有：seem, appear, happen, follow等。如：
It seems that you’re right.
It happened that Mary wasn’t at home that day.
④It + be +过去分词+从句。常用于此句型的过去分词有：known, said, proved, reported, suggested等。如：
Is it known where he went
It’s said that he was a spy during the war.
注意：
1. that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略。但是如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略。如：
That your pictures should surprise them was quite natural.
It was natural (that) your pictures should surprise them.
2. 如果主语从句置于句首，则不能用if引导，而用whether；但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。如：
Whether Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.
It was doubtful whether / if Tom really saw Sharon.
【即学即练】
I. 用适当的连接词完成下列句子。
1. ________ we will go to visit Hong Kong in this winter vacation remains unknown.
2. ________ will take the place of Mr. Li as our new headmaster hasn’t been decided.
3. ________ caused the accident hasn’t been made clear yet.
4. It’s a pity ________ Bob can’t take part in the outing with us because his mother is ill.
5. It doesn’t matter ________ Mary has been to America or not. ________ really matters is that she can speak English fluently.
6. It has become widely accepted ________ one glass of red wine per day is good for your heart.
7. ________ gun powder was first invented by the Chinese is known to us all.
8. ________ seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
II. 用适当的连接词补全下面的对话。
Lucy: Why are you looking so happy
Jenny: I’ve just attended a lecture. 1. ________ the speaker said made me excited.
Lucy: What was it about
Jenny: About health. It seems 2. ________ a lot of people don’t know how to keep healthy.
Lucy: Sounds great. 3. ________ I’m concerned about is my health condition at the moment. But what should I do to be healthy
Jenny: 4. ________ you will stay healthy depends on two factors — exercise and diet.
Lucy: You know I always do some running on the road every night.
Jenny: Whether you take exercise is one thing, but 5. ________ you take exercise is quite another. You shouldn’t run at night because it will affect your sleep. Besides, 6. ________ you do your running isn’t favorable. You should run in the park instead of on the road.
Lucy: I see. I can see it is important 7. ________ now I have to change my bad habits.
Jenny: Also, you must be careful with your diet. It’s well-known 8. ________ we are what we eat. So you should eat more vegetables.
Lucy: You’re right. In fact I always eat too much meat. But I will change myself.
III. 用适当的连接词填空。
It is known 1. ________ homework is an important part of school life in most countries around the world. However, 2. ________ homework has a great educational value is still a debate among teachers. Some think 3. ________ homework takes too much time away from other more useful activities. Others see homework as reinforcing (加强) school lessons so that 4. ________ students have learned will not be forgotten.
5. ________ is often ignored in this debate is the role of parental involvement (参与) and 6. ________ or not the child’s home provides support for effective (有效的) homework. It was not clear to some people 7. ________ parental involvement can influence the effectiveness of homework. It is true 8. ________ parents in low-income families don’t have the time to make homework more important than other things or aren’t able to afford a computer or additional books. However, 9. ________ only middle-class parents support their children’s education is quite obviously wrong. Not all rich parents give the support they should, and some parents living in the poorest conditions find time and energy to involve themselves in their children’s homework.
参考答案
【自我归纳】是否；定语
【即学即练】
I. 1. Whether / How / When 2. Who 3. What 4. that 5. whether / if; What 6. that
7. That 8. What
II. 1. What 2. that 3. What 4. Whether 5. when 6. where 7. that 8. that
III. 1. that 2. whether 3. that 4. what 5. What 6. whether 7. how 8. that 9. that