2025外刊及中国日报精选（2025.1.3期)文章改编：语法填空 （3篇，含答案和译文）- 平板支撑或许是最好的锻炼方式；消费降级，奢侈品没人买了？-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 2025外刊及中国日报精选（2025.1.3期)文章改编：语法填空 （3篇，含答案和译文）- 平板支撑或许是最好的锻炼方式；消费降级，奢侈品没人买了？-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-01-07 13:37:09 | ||
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2025外刊及中国日报精选（2025.1.3期)文章改编：语法填空（答案+译文）
第一篇
Planks and wall sits best exercise for lowering blood pressure, study says
平板支撑或许是最好的锻炼方式
Source: The Guardian
For most people the very thought of doing a plank raises the blood pressure. But a study suggests _______ is actually the most effective way to reduce it.
Researchers at Canterbury Christ Church and Leicester universities _______(compare) the efficacy of different forms of exercise on reducing blood pressure and found that “isometric exercises” – which involve engaging muscles without movement such as wall sits and planks – were almost twice as effective compared with the government recommended exercise guidelines.
The NHS website recommends that adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic (adj.有氧（健身）的) activity, such as cycling or fast walking, every week, alongside dietary and other lifestyle changes_______(reduce) blood pressure.
Reducing systolic blood pressure is associated _______ decreased incidence of major cardiovascular disease events such as stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. But this advice does not mention newer forms of exercise, such as high-intensity interval training (Hiit) and isometric exercise.
The study examined 270 randomised controlled clinical trials,_______(involve) 15,827 participants, on the effects of particular forms of exercise on resting blood pressure. They _______(classify) as aerobic; dynamic resistance training; a combination of these; Hiit; and isometric exercises. The authors analysed the effects of exercise on both systolic blood pressure, _______ measures arterial (adj.[解剖] 动脉的) pressure when the heart beats, and diastolic (adj.心脏舒张的) blood pressure, which measures arterial pressure between beats.
The study, published online in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, found significant reductions in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure after all the categories of exercise. _______ other forms of exercise such as aerobic exercise, squats, weights and high-intensity interval training also reduced blood pressure, isometric exercises were the most effective.
Jamie O’Driscoll, a reader in cardiovascular (adj.心血管的) physiology at Canterbury Christ Church university and senior author of the report, said in isometric exercises the muscle remained contracted but did not change in length.
This static (adj.静止的) contraction could squeeze the vessels (n.血管) that supplied blood to the working muscles – which reduced the flow of blood to the muscle during the exercise and therefore oxygen supply to the muscle. When the muscle relaxed afterwards, it caused_______ large flow of blood through the vessels (this was different to other modes of exercise) and was likely to be the trigger driving these greater improvements in blood flow regulation.
“Performing 4 x 2 minutes of wall sits, with 2-minutes’ rest in between, three times per week, is an effective way to reduce your blood pressure,” said O’Driscoll. “They should be done alongside other exercise modes, to provide the maximum range of exercise choices rather than limiting them.” Dr Kush Joshi, a sports and exercise medicine consultant and fellow of the Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine, welcomed the study’s findings, but questioned _______ easy it would be for patients to put into practice.
第二篇
Why Louis Vuitton is struggling but Hermès is not？
Worries that the luxury business is peaking are overblown（1/2）
对奢侈品行业的担忧被夸大了
Source: The Economist
There will be fewer designer handbags and high heels under Christmas trees this year. _______(spend) on personal luxury goods is set to fall by 2% in 2024, according to Bain, a consultancy. Sales of fashion and leather items at LVMH, the world's biggest luxury conglomerate（n.大型企业集团）, have tumbled（v.暴跌）. Kering, _______ owns Gucci, has issued a string of profit warnings. Anyone who receives Versace goodies from Santa may feel a little less flattered than usual. The luxury brand is selling 40% of its products _______ a discount.
These travails（n.艰难处境）follow an extraordinary rise for the luxury industry. For two decades it expanded_______(smart) as brands reached new customers. In 2023 global sales of personal luxury goods hit $400bn, up from a little over $100bn in 2000, according to Bain. The combined market capitalisation（n.市值）of the ten most valuable Western luxury firms approached $1trn, compared with around $300bn in 2013. Over the past 12 months, however, their value _______(fall) by more than a tenth and growth has reversed（v.逆转）. Can luxury recapture（v.重新拿回）its lost allure（n.吸引力）
Two trends fuelled（v.刺激）the growth of the luxury business. The first was globalisation. Brands that began life catering to（满足...的需要）Western elites（n.上层人士）in places such as London, New York and Paris increasingly turned eastwards for growth—and to China in particular.
The second trend propelling（推动）growth was _______ industry types call "democratisation". To serve the merely affluent（普通富裕人群）, as well as the stinking rich（极度富裕人群）, luxury brands began selling a selection of items at less lofty prices. Gucci, for example, started peddling（贩卖）white socks, which will set you back a mere $200 (a steal- compared with a $3,600 Gucci handbag). Brands from Armani to Valentino launched cheaper subbrands, and often _______(focus) on more casual attire. "Until 30 years ago, luxury had no adjectives _______(attach) to it," says Brunello Cucinelli, who runs the luxury brand that carries his name. The industry now talks of "aspirational" or "accessible" luxury. According to BCG, another consultancy, shoppers who spend ?2,000 ($2,100) or less a year on luxury goods and services—a trifling（微不足道的）sum by industry standards—account for nearly two-thirds of total sales.
Those two engines of growth are now sputtering（疲软）. Middle-class shoppers in the West have been squeezed by high interest rates and cooling job markets, leaving them with less to splurge（挥霍）on the_______(fine) things in life. In China, rather than monogrammed totes, Chinese youngsters now carry their _______(belonging) around in plastic bags to flaunt their frugality（节俭）.
第三篇
Why Louis Vuitton is struggling but Hermès is not？
Worries that the luxury business is peaking are overblown（2/2）
对奢侈品行业的担忧被夸大了
Source: The Economist
Hefty（相当大的）price increases over the past few years have also irked（使厌倦）shoppers. HSBC, another bank, reckons（估算）luxury products are 54% more expensive today than in 2019. A mid-sized Dior Lady Bag now costs ?5,900, up from ?3,200 in 2016. Andrea Guerra, the boss of Prada, another luxury brand that raised prices _______(sharp) in the past few years, now describes the increases as "a blatant（公然的）mistake".
Some in the industry fret（发愁）that the days of heady growth may not return. There are, after all, only so many middle-class shoppers _______(will) to spend $200 on a pair of socks.
Yet the pessimism may_______(overdo) . For one thing, China's luxury slowdown is not as bad as it seems. True, luxury spending in the country will fall by 26% in 2024, estimates Bernstein, a broker. But that is partly because many Chinese shoppers now spend more during trips abroad, particularly to Japan, _______ the currency has weakened against the yuan.
Moreover, not all brands are equally exposed to middle-class shoppers—and, by extension, to the economic cycle. Even as less wealthy consumers feel the pinch, the ranks of the world's very rich continue to swell（增加）. UBS reckons there will be 86m millionaires in the world by 2027, up from around 60m currently. Forbes, a magazine, counted 2,781 billionaires in its annual tally for 2024, pipping（打破）the previous record_______(set) in 2021. These cashed-up shoppers tend to vary their spending less with the ups and downs of the economy.
That explains why luxury brands that remain focused on the very rich have continued to grow handsomely. Brunello Cucinelli, which sells $6,000 cashmere sweaters, increased its sales by 12%, year on year, in_______ first nine months of 2024. Hermès, maker of the world's most coveted（渴望的）handbags, notched up revenue growth of 14% over the same period.
What about the brands that have embraced the masses Many are now searching for ways to get consumers_______(excite) again. Miu Miu, which is owned by Prada, has pushed boundaries with new products (think sequinned knickers（镶亮片的短裤）) and clever campaigns (one involved giving a big spending septuagenarian（七旬老人） customer a strut down the catwalk). Its approach seems to be working: sales doubled in the first nine months of 2024, compared with the same period a year before. Bottega Veneta, Celine, Chanel and Givenchy _______(bring) in new creative directors in recent months. Their effect, though, can take time; Bernstein calculates that a brand's earnings peak five years after a new creative director is installed（正式就职）.
Perhaps the biggest question for these brands, however, is whether they can appeal to the very rich while continuing to flog（出售）most of their wares to the wider population. In 2021 Valentino killed_______ its cheaper sub-brand, Red Valentino. Others have followed different strategies to avoid eroding（破坏）their cachet（品牌特质）. Rolex produces its more affordable watches in limited volumes to manufacture scarcity. Chanel and Dior segregate pricey fashion from cheaper beauty products. As Luca Solca of Bernstein puts it, the luxury industry today sells not exclusivity（排他性）_______ "perceived exclusivity". For some brands, that perception may need to be rebuilt.
参考答案
第一篇
it
compared（谓语动词）
to reduce（非谓语）
with
involving （非谓语）
were classified（谓语动词）
which
Although
a
how
第二篇
Spending（非谓语）
which
at
smartly
has fallen
what
focused（谓语动词）
attached（非谓语）
finer
belongings
第三篇
sharply
willing
be overdone
where
set
the
excited
have brought
off
but
译文
第一篇：
对于大多数人来说，一想到做平板支撑，血压就会升高。但一项研究表明，这实际上是减少它的最有效方法。
坎特伯雷基督教会大学（Canterbury Christ Church）和莱斯特大学（Leicester universities）的研究人员比较了不同形式的运动对降低血压的功效，发现“等长运动”（isometric exercise）——包括让肌肉参与运动，但不需要运动，比如坐在墙上或平板支撑——的效果几乎是政府推荐的运动指南的两倍。
NHS网站建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟中等强度的有氧运动，如骑自行车或快走，同时改变饮食和其他生活方式以降低血压。
降低收缩压与降低主要心血管疾病的发病率有关，如中风、心力衰竭和全因死亡率。但是这个建议没有提到新的运动形式，比如高强度间歇训练（Hiit）和等长运动。
该研究调查了270项随机对照临床试验，涉及15827名参与者，研究特定形式的运动对静息血压的影响。它们被分类为有氧运动、动态阻力训练、这些运动的组合、HIIT和等长运动。作者分析了运动对收缩压和舒张压的影响，收缩压是指心脏跳动时的动脉压，舒张压是指心跳之间的动脉压。
这项研究发表在《英国运动医学杂志》的网络版上。研究发现，在所有类型的运动之后，静息收缩压和舒张压都有显著下降。虽然其他形式的运动，如有氧运动，深蹲，举重和高强度间歇训练也降低血压，等长运动是最有效的。
坎特伯雷基督教会大学心血管生理学讲师、该报告的资深作者杰米·奥德里斯科尔表示，在等长运动中，肌肉保持收缩，但长度没有变化。
这种静态收缩会挤压为工作肌肉供血的血管，从而减少运动时肌肉的血流量，从而减少肌肉的氧气供应。当肌肉之后放松时，会导致大量血液通过血管流动（这与其他运动方式不同），并且很可能是推动血流调节方面更大改善的触发因素。
“每周三次4x2分钟的墙坐，中间休息2分钟，是降低血压的有效方法，”O'Driscoll说。“它们应该与其他运动模式一起进行，以提供最大范围的运动选择，而不是限制它们。”运动与锻炼医学顾问兼运动与锻练医学院研究员库什·乔希博士对这项研究的发现表示欢迎，但质疑患者将其付诸实践的难度。
第二篇：
今年圣诞树下的设计师手袋和高跟鞋会更少。据咨询公司贝恩（Bain）预测，2024年个人奢侈品消费预计将下降2%。全球最大的奢侈品集团LVMH的时尚和皮具产品销售额大幅下滑。拥有古驰（Gucci）的开云集团（Kering）已连续发布多次利润预警。任何收到圣诞老人赠送的范思哲（Versace）礼物的人，可能会感到不那么特别了，因为该奢侈品牌正以折扣价出售其40%的产品。
这些困境发生在奢侈品行业经历了非凡增长之后。过去二十年里，随着品牌吸引了新的客户群体，该行业稳步扩张。根据贝恩公司的数据，2023年全球个人奢侈品销售额达到4000亿美元，而2000年这一数字仅略高于1000亿美元。十家最有价值的西方奢侈品公司的总市值接近1万亿美元，而2013年约为3000亿美元。然而，在过去的12个月中，这些公司的市值下降了超过十分之一，增长趋势也发生了逆转。奢侈品能否重拾其失去的吸引力？
两大趋势推动了奢侈品行业的增长。首先是全球化。起初专注于伦敦、纽约和巴黎等地西方精英的品牌，逐渐将目光转向东方，尤其是中国。
推动奢侈品行业增长的第二大趋势是业内所称的“平民化”。为了服务不仅仅是超级富豪，还有一般富裕人群，奢侈品牌开始以相对较低的价格出售部分商品。例如，古驰（Gucci）推出了售价仅为200美元的白色袜子（与3,600美元的古驰手袋相比，堪称“实惠”）。从阿玛尼（Armani）到华伦天奴（Valentino）等品牌纷纷推出价格更低的副牌，通常专注于更休闲的服饰。经营同名奢侈品牌的布鲁内洛·库奇内利（Brunello Cucinelli）表示：“30年前，奢侈品还没有附加任何形容词。”如今，该行业谈论的是“渴望型奢侈品”或“可得性奢侈品”。根据另一家咨询公司BCG的数据显示，每年在奢侈品和服务上花费不超过2,000欧元（约2,100美元）的消费者——按行业标准这算是微不足道的开支——占总销售额的近三分之二。
这两大增长引擎如今开始失速。在西方国家，中产阶级消费者因高利率和就业市场降温而受到挤压，能用于挥霍享受生活奢华事物的预算减少。而如今，中国年轻人不再拎着带有字母标志的托特包，而是用塑料袋装物品，以炫耀他们的节俭。
第三篇：
过去几年的大幅涨价也让消费者感到不满。另一家银行汇丰（HSBC）估算，奢侈品的价格如今比2019年高出54%。一款中号迪奥Lady手袋现在售价为5900欧元，而2016年的价格为3200欧元。另一家大幅提价的奢侈品牌普拉达（Prada）的首席执行官安德烈亚·古埃拉（Andrea Guerra）如今将这些涨价形容为“明显的错误”。
业内一些人士担心，高速增长的日子可能再也不会回来。毕竟，愿意花200美元买一双袜子的中产阶级消费者是有限的。
然而，这种悲观情绪可能被夸大了。一方面，中国的奢侈品放缓并不像看起来那么糟糕。确实，经纪公司伯恩斯坦（Bernstein）估计，2024年中国的奢侈品消费将下降26%。但部分原因是许多中国消费者现在在海外旅行期间的消费增加，尤其是在日元相对人民币贬值的日本。
此外，并非所有品牌都同样依赖于中产阶级消费者——因此，也并不完全受经济周期的影响。即便财富较少的消费者感到压力，全球超级富豪的数量仍在不断增加。瑞银（UBS）估计，到2027年全球将有8600万名百万富翁，而目前这一数字约为6000万。《福布斯》杂志在其2024年的年度统计中计算出全球有2,781位亿万富翁，超过了2021年创下的记录。这些富裕的消费者通常在经济波动中不会大幅改变他们的消费习惯。（
这也解释了为什么那些仍然专注于超级富豪的奢侈品牌继续保持强劲增长。布鲁内洛·库奇内利（Brunello Cucinelli），以6000美元的羊绒毛衣为主打，在2024年头九个月实现了12%的同比增长。世界上最受追捧的手袋制造商爱马仕（Hermès）在同一时期的收入增长达到了14%。
那些迎合大众的品牌怎么样呢？许多品牌现在都在寻找激发消费者兴趣的新方式。由普拉达（Prada）拥有的缪缪（Miu Miu）通过新产品（比如亮片内裤）和巧妙的营销活动（其中一项活动是让一位高消费的七十多岁顾客在T台上走秀）打破了界限。其策略似乎奏效了：2024年前九个月的销售额是去年同期的两倍。博特加·维内塔（Bottega Veneta）、赛琳（Celine）、香奈儿（Chanel）和纪梵希（Givenchy）最近都聘请了新的创意总监。然而，他们的效果可能需要时间才能显现；伯恩斯坦（Bernstein）估算，品牌的收益通常在新创意总监上任五年后达到顶峰。
然而，对于这些品牌来说，也许最大的问题是，是否能够在继续向更广泛人群销售大部分商品的同时，吸引到超级富豪。2021年，华伦天奴（Valentino）关闭了其较为廉价的副牌Red Valentino。其他品牌则采取了不同的策略，以避免削弱其品牌的独特性。劳力士（Rolex）通过限量生产其更实惠的手表来制造稀缺感。香奈儿（Chanel）和迪奥（Dior）则将昂贵的时尚单品与较便宜的美容产品区分开来。正如伯恩斯坦的卢卡·索尔卡（Luca Solca）所说，今天的奢侈品行业出售的不是排他性，而是“感知的排他性”。对于一些品牌来说，这种感知可能需要重新建立。
第一篇
Planks and wall sits best exercise for lowering blood pressure, study says
平板支撑或许是最好的锻炼方式
Source: The Guardian
For most people the very thought of doing a plank raises the blood pressure. But a study suggests _______ is actually the most effective way to reduce it.
Researchers at Canterbury Christ Church and Leicester universities _______(compare) the efficacy of different forms of exercise on reducing blood pressure and found that “isometric exercises” – which involve engaging muscles without movement such as wall sits and planks – were almost twice as effective compared with the government recommended exercise guidelines.
The NHS website recommends that adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic (adj.有氧（健身）的) activity, such as cycling or fast walking, every week, alongside dietary and other lifestyle changes_______(reduce) blood pressure.
Reducing systolic blood pressure is associated _______ decreased incidence of major cardiovascular disease events such as stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. But this advice does not mention newer forms of exercise, such as high-intensity interval training (Hiit) and isometric exercise.
The study examined 270 randomised controlled clinical trials,_______(involve) 15,827 participants, on the effects of particular forms of exercise on resting blood pressure. They _______(classify) as aerobic; dynamic resistance training; a combination of these; Hiit; and isometric exercises. The authors analysed the effects of exercise on both systolic blood pressure, _______ measures arterial (adj.[解剖] 动脉的) pressure when the heart beats, and diastolic (adj.心脏舒张的) blood pressure, which measures arterial pressure between beats.
The study, published online in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, found significant reductions in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure after all the categories of exercise. _______ other forms of exercise such as aerobic exercise, squats, weights and high-intensity interval training also reduced blood pressure, isometric exercises were the most effective.
Jamie O’Driscoll, a reader in cardiovascular (adj.心血管的) physiology at Canterbury Christ Church university and senior author of the report, said in isometric exercises the muscle remained contracted but did not change in length.
This static (adj.静止的) contraction could squeeze the vessels (n.血管) that supplied blood to the working muscles – which reduced the flow of blood to the muscle during the exercise and therefore oxygen supply to the muscle. When the muscle relaxed afterwards, it caused_______ large flow of blood through the vessels (this was different to other modes of exercise) and was likely to be the trigger driving these greater improvements in blood flow regulation.
“Performing 4 x 2 minutes of wall sits, with 2-minutes’ rest in between, three times per week, is an effective way to reduce your blood pressure,” said O’Driscoll. “They should be done alongside other exercise modes, to provide the maximum range of exercise choices rather than limiting them.” Dr Kush Joshi, a sports and exercise medicine consultant and fellow of the Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine, welcomed the study’s findings, but questioned _______ easy it would be for patients to put into practice.
第二篇
Why Louis Vuitton is struggling but Hermès is not？
Worries that the luxury business is peaking are overblown（1/2）
对奢侈品行业的担忧被夸大了
Source: The Economist
There will be fewer designer handbags and high heels under Christmas trees this year. _______(spend) on personal luxury goods is set to fall by 2% in 2024, according to Bain, a consultancy. Sales of fashion and leather items at LVMH, the world's biggest luxury conglomerate（n.大型企业集团）, have tumbled（v.暴跌）. Kering, _______ owns Gucci, has issued a string of profit warnings. Anyone who receives Versace goodies from Santa may feel a little less flattered than usual. The luxury brand is selling 40% of its products _______ a discount.
These travails（n.艰难处境）follow an extraordinary rise for the luxury industry. For two decades it expanded_______(smart) as brands reached new customers. In 2023 global sales of personal luxury goods hit $400bn, up from a little over $100bn in 2000, according to Bain. The combined market capitalisation（n.市值）of the ten most valuable Western luxury firms approached $1trn, compared with around $300bn in 2013. Over the past 12 months, however, their value _______(fall) by more than a tenth and growth has reversed（v.逆转）. Can luxury recapture（v.重新拿回）its lost allure（n.吸引力）
Two trends fuelled（v.刺激）the growth of the luxury business. The first was globalisation. Brands that began life catering to（满足...的需要）Western elites（n.上层人士）in places such as London, New York and Paris increasingly turned eastwards for growth—and to China in particular.
The second trend propelling（推动）growth was _______ industry types call "democratisation". To serve the merely affluent（普通富裕人群）, as well as the stinking rich（极度富裕人群）, luxury brands began selling a selection of items at less lofty prices. Gucci, for example, started peddling（贩卖）white socks, which will set you back a mere $200 (a steal- compared with a $3,600 Gucci handbag). Brands from Armani to Valentino launched cheaper subbrands, and often _______(focus) on more casual attire. "Until 30 years ago, luxury had no adjectives _______(attach) to it," says Brunello Cucinelli, who runs the luxury brand that carries his name. The industry now talks of "aspirational" or "accessible" luxury. According to BCG, another consultancy, shoppers who spend ?2,000 ($2,100) or less a year on luxury goods and services—a trifling（微不足道的）sum by industry standards—account for nearly two-thirds of total sales.
Those two engines of growth are now sputtering（疲软）. Middle-class shoppers in the West have been squeezed by high interest rates and cooling job markets, leaving them with less to splurge（挥霍）on the_______(fine) things in life. In China, rather than monogrammed totes, Chinese youngsters now carry their _______(belonging) around in plastic bags to flaunt their frugality（节俭）.
第三篇
Why Louis Vuitton is struggling but Hermès is not？
Worries that the luxury business is peaking are overblown（2/2）
对奢侈品行业的担忧被夸大了
Source: The Economist
Hefty（相当大的）price increases over the past few years have also irked（使厌倦）shoppers. HSBC, another bank, reckons（估算）luxury products are 54% more expensive today than in 2019. A mid-sized Dior Lady Bag now costs ?5,900, up from ?3,200 in 2016. Andrea Guerra, the boss of Prada, another luxury brand that raised prices _______(sharp) in the past few years, now describes the increases as "a blatant（公然的）mistake".
Some in the industry fret（发愁）that the days of heady growth may not return. There are, after all, only so many middle-class shoppers _______(will) to spend $200 on a pair of socks.
Yet the pessimism may_______(overdo) . For one thing, China's luxury slowdown is not as bad as it seems. True, luxury spending in the country will fall by 26% in 2024, estimates Bernstein, a broker. But that is partly because many Chinese shoppers now spend more during trips abroad, particularly to Japan, _______ the currency has weakened against the yuan.
Moreover, not all brands are equally exposed to middle-class shoppers—and, by extension, to the economic cycle. Even as less wealthy consumers feel the pinch, the ranks of the world's very rich continue to swell（增加）. UBS reckons there will be 86m millionaires in the world by 2027, up from around 60m currently. Forbes, a magazine, counted 2,781 billionaires in its annual tally for 2024, pipping（打破）the previous record_______(set) in 2021. These cashed-up shoppers tend to vary their spending less with the ups and downs of the economy.
That explains why luxury brands that remain focused on the very rich have continued to grow handsomely. Brunello Cucinelli, which sells $6,000 cashmere sweaters, increased its sales by 12%, year on year, in_______ first nine months of 2024. Hermès, maker of the world's most coveted（渴望的）handbags, notched up revenue growth of 14% over the same period.
What about the brands that have embraced the masses Many are now searching for ways to get consumers_______(excite) again. Miu Miu, which is owned by Prada, has pushed boundaries with new products (think sequinned knickers（镶亮片的短裤）) and clever campaigns (one involved giving a big spending septuagenarian（七旬老人） customer a strut down the catwalk). Its approach seems to be working: sales doubled in the first nine months of 2024, compared with the same period a year before. Bottega Veneta, Celine, Chanel and Givenchy _______(bring) in new creative directors in recent months. Their effect, though, can take time; Bernstein calculates that a brand's earnings peak five years after a new creative director is installed（正式就职）.
Perhaps the biggest question for these brands, however, is whether they can appeal to the very rich while continuing to flog（出售）most of their wares to the wider population. In 2021 Valentino killed_______ its cheaper sub-brand, Red Valentino. Others have followed different strategies to avoid eroding（破坏）their cachet（品牌特质）. Rolex produces its more affordable watches in limited volumes to manufacture scarcity. Chanel and Dior segregate pricey fashion from cheaper beauty products. As Luca Solca of Bernstein puts it, the luxury industry today sells not exclusivity（排他性）_______ "perceived exclusivity". For some brands, that perception may need to be rebuilt.
参考答案
第一篇
it
compared（谓语动词）
to reduce（非谓语）
with
involving （非谓语）
were classified（谓语动词）
which
Although
a
how
第二篇
Spending（非谓语）
which
at
smartly
has fallen
what
focused（谓语动词）
attached（非谓语）
finer
belongings
第三篇
sharply
willing
be overdone
where
set
the
excited
have brought
off
but
译文
第一篇：
对于大多数人来说，一想到做平板支撑，血压就会升高。但一项研究表明，这实际上是减少它的最有效方法。
坎特伯雷基督教会大学（Canterbury Christ Church）和莱斯特大学（Leicester universities）的研究人员比较了不同形式的运动对降低血压的功效，发现“等长运动”（isometric exercise）——包括让肌肉参与运动，但不需要运动，比如坐在墙上或平板支撑——的效果几乎是政府推荐的运动指南的两倍。
NHS网站建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟中等强度的有氧运动，如骑自行车或快走，同时改变饮食和其他生活方式以降低血压。
降低收缩压与降低主要心血管疾病的发病率有关，如中风、心力衰竭和全因死亡率。但是这个建议没有提到新的运动形式，比如高强度间歇训练（Hiit）和等长运动。
该研究调查了270项随机对照临床试验，涉及15827名参与者，研究特定形式的运动对静息血压的影响。它们被分类为有氧运动、动态阻力训练、这些运动的组合、HIIT和等长运动。作者分析了运动对收缩压和舒张压的影响，收缩压是指心脏跳动时的动脉压，舒张压是指心跳之间的动脉压。
这项研究发表在《英国运动医学杂志》的网络版上。研究发现，在所有类型的运动之后，静息收缩压和舒张压都有显著下降。虽然其他形式的运动，如有氧运动，深蹲，举重和高强度间歇训练也降低血压，等长运动是最有效的。
坎特伯雷基督教会大学心血管生理学讲师、该报告的资深作者杰米·奥德里斯科尔表示，在等长运动中，肌肉保持收缩，但长度没有变化。
这种静态收缩会挤压为工作肌肉供血的血管，从而减少运动时肌肉的血流量，从而减少肌肉的氧气供应。当肌肉之后放松时，会导致大量血液通过血管流动（这与其他运动方式不同），并且很可能是推动血流调节方面更大改善的触发因素。
“每周三次4x2分钟的墙坐，中间休息2分钟，是降低血压的有效方法，”O'Driscoll说。“它们应该与其他运动模式一起进行，以提供最大范围的运动选择，而不是限制它们。”运动与锻炼医学顾问兼运动与锻练医学院研究员库什·乔希博士对这项研究的发现表示欢迎，但质疑患者将其付诸实践的难度。
第二篇：
今年圣诞树下的设计师手袋和高跟鞋会更少。据咨询公司贝恩（Bain）预测，2024年个人奢侈品消费预计将下降2%。全球最大的奢侈品集团LVMH的时尚和皮具产品销售额大幅下滑。拥有古驰（Gucci）的开云集团（Kering）已连续发布多次利润预警。任何收到圣诞老人赠送的范思哲（Versace）礼物的人，可能会感到不那么特别了，因为该奢侈品牌正以折扣价出售其40%的产品。
这些困境发生在奢侈品行业经历了非凡增长之后。过去二十年里，随着品牌吸引了新的客户群体，该行业稳步扩张。根据贝恩公司的数据，2023年全球个人奢侈品销售额达到4000亿美元，而2000年这一数字仅略高于1000亿美元。十家最有价值的西方奢侈品公司的总市值接近1万亿美元，而2013年约为3000亿美元。然而，在过去的12个月中，这些公司的市值下降了超过十分之一，增长趋势也发生了逆转。奢侈品能否重拾其失去的吸引力？
两大趋势推动了奢侈品行业的增长。首先是全球化。起初专注于伦敦、纽约和巴黎等地西方精英的品牌，逐渐将目光转向东方，尤其是中国。
推动奢侈品行业增长的第二大趋势是业内所称的“平民化”。为了服务不仅仅是超级富豪，还有一般富裕人群，奢侈品牌开始以相对较低的价格出售部分商品。例如，古驰（Gucci）推出了售价仅为200美元的白色袜子（与3,600美元的古驰手袋相比，堪称“实惠”）。从阿玛尼（Armani）到华伦天奴（Valentino）等品牌纷纷推出价格更低的副牌，通常专注于更休闲的服饰。经营同名奢侈品牌的布鲁内洛·库奇内利（Brunello Cucinelli）表示：“30年前，奢侈品还没有附加任何形容词。”如今，该行业谈论的是“渴望型奢侈品”或“可得性奢侈品”。根据另一家咨询公司BCG的数据显示，每年在奢侈品和服务上花费不超过2,000欧元（约2,100美元）的消费者——按行业标准这算是微不足道的开支——占总销售额的近三分之二。
这两大增长引擎如今开始失速。在西方国家，中产阶级消费者因高利率和就业市场降温而受到挤压，能用于挥霍享受生活奢华事物的预算减少。而如今，中国年轻人不再拎着带有字母标志的托特包，而是用塑料袋装物品，以炫耀他们的节俭。
第三篇：
过去几年的大幅涨价也让消费者感到不满。另一家银行汇丰（HSBC）估算，奢侈品的价格如今比2019年高出54%。一款中号迪奥Lady手袋现在售价为5900欧元，而2016年的价格为3200欧元。另一家大幅提价的奢侈品牌普拉达（Prada）的首席执行官安德烈亚·古埃拉（Andrea Guerra）如今将这些涨价形容为“明显的错误”。
业内一些人士担心，高速增长的日子可能再也不会回来。毕竟，愿意花200美元买一双袜子的中产阶级消费者是有限的。
然而，这种悲观情绪可能被夸大了。一方面，中国的奢侈品放缓并不像看起来那么糟糕。确实，经纪公司伯恩斯坦（Bernstein）估计，2024年中国的奢侈品消费将下降26%。但部分原因是许多中国消费者现在在海外旅行期间的消费增加，尤其是在日元相对人民币贬值的日本。
此外，并非所有品牌都同样依赖于中产阶级消费者——因此，也并不完全受经济周期的影响。即便财富较少的消费者感到压力，全球超级富豪的数量仍在不断增加。瑞银（UBS）估计，到2027年全球将有8600万名百万富翁，而目前这一数字约为6000万。《福布斯》杂志在其2024年的年度统计中计算出全球有2,781位亿万富翁，超过了2021年创下的记录。这些富裕的消费者通常在经济波动中不会大幅改变他们的消费习惯。（
这也解释了为什么那些仍然专注于超级富豪的奢侈品牌继续保持强劲增长。布鲁内洛·库奇内利（Brunello Cucinelli），以6000美元的羊绒毛衣为主打，在2024年头九个月实现了12%的同比增长。世界上最受追捧的手袋制造商爱马仕（Hermès）在同一时期的收入增长达到了14%。
那些迎合大众的品牌怎么样呢？许多品牌现在都在寻找激发消费者兴趣的新方式。由普拉达（Prada）拥有的缪缪（Miu Miu）通过新产品（比如亮片内裤）和巧妙的营销活动（其中一项活动是让一位高消费的七十多岁顾客在T台上走秀）打破了界限。其策略似乎奏效了：2024年前九个月的销售额是去年同期的两倍。博特加·维内塔（Bottega Veneta）、赛琳（Celine）、香奈儿（Chanel）和纪梵希（Givenchy）最近都聘请了新的创意总监。然而，他们的效果可能需要时间才能显现；伯恩斯坦（Bernstein）估算，品牌的收益通常在新创意总监上任五年后达到顶峰。
然而，对于这些品牌来说，也许最大的问题是，是否能够在继续向更广泛人群销售大部分商品的同时，吸引到超级富豪。2021年，华伦天奴（Valentino）关闭了其较为廉价的副牌Red Valentino。其他品牌则采取了不同的策略，以避免削弱其品牌的独特性。劳力士（Rolex）通过限量生产其更实惠的手表来制造稀缺感。香奈儿（Chanel）和迪奥（Dior）则将昂贵的时尚单品与较便宜的美容产品区分开来。正如伯恩斯坦的卢卡·索尔卡（Luca Solca）所说，今天的奢侈品行业出售的不是排他性，而是“感知的排他性”。对于一些品牌来说，这种感知可能需要重新建立。