Unit 1 Nature in the balance Welcome to the unit & Reading(1) 练习（含解析）-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit 1　Nature in the balance Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading(1)
Ⅰ. 话题拓展阅读。
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world.① Losing rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources: land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) in the air comes from burning rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.②
There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world's wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world's drugstore. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests.③
一、 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(　　) 1. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ________．
A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the Earth
C. bring about high rainfall throughout the world
D. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃
(　　) 2. What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to
A. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
B. People have a strong desire for resources.
C. We will lose much more than we can gain.
D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.
(　　) 3. It can be inferred from the text that ________．
A. we can get enough resources without rainforests
B. there is great medicinal potential in rainforests
C. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
(　　) 4. What might be the best title for the text
A. Rainforests and the Environment
B. How to Save Rainforests
C. How to Protect Nature
D. Rainforests and Medical Development
二、 分析文中加序号句子的结构，在原句上标出基本成分，然后试着在下面横线上写出译文。
1. 译文：_________________________________________________________
2. 译文：_________________________________________________________
3. 译文：_________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 七选五。[2024驻马店期末]
Art isn't always an easy and straightforward thing to understand, and it can be hard to appreciate because it has been seen as something that only particularly educated or wealthy people can enjoy. __1__ Anyone can come to appreciate art with a little bit of time and effort.
Understand the art and then go a step deeper to understand the artists, their intentions and the historical backgrounds. Artists often create works to comment on major historical events. __2__ For example, Pablo Picasso's Guernica(1937) was created in response to the bombings during the Spanish Civil War. It's filled with anti war symbolism. Picasso said of the artwork, “Painting is not done to decorate apartments. It is an instrument of war against cruelty and darkness.”
__3__ Art movements grow from popularity of certain ways of creating art. An art school is basically a group of artists, sometimes all in the same region, who all have a similar style or subject matter. Knowing a little bit about these can help you understand why an artist might have made certain choices. For example, painters in the Egyptian school of art had certain rules that they had to follow—like the size of any figure they drew was supposed to vary based on the social status of the person they were painting. __4__ Each one symbolized a different aspect of life or death.
Check out the life experiences of the artists. Learning a bit about the artists who created a piece can help understand it in a variety of ways. It can help you understand why they made certain artistic decisions. __5__ She had limited mobility after fighting against a serious disease and suffering a bus accident in her early life. Her pain and struggle appear in several of her pieces.
A. But our tips will give you a new way.
B. Art movements sometimes inspired artists.
C. They also couldn't use more than six colors.
D. However, this couldn't be further from the truth.
E. This can give you a window into their unique opinion.
F. For example, Mexican painter Frida Kahlo had suffered a lot.
G. Learn about the art movements or schools that influenced the piece.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
Ⅲ. 完形填空。[2024扬州期末]
One sunny afternoon, Wang Qing, a student at the Communication University of China, was walking on campus when her eyes were __1__ to a cheongsam(旗袍) dress in a second hand shop.
Wang Qing __2__ the shop and gently touched the dress, feeling the history and culture behind it. The dress was cheap but of excellent quality, perfectly in line with her shopping __3__： valuing cost effectiveness over __4__ about buying second hand things. She gladly bought the second hand cheongsam dress and returned to her dormitory with joy.
Actually, Wang Qing often found __5__ items on second hand platforms like “Xianyu”， saving money while __6__ her needs. She also received textbooks from __7__ who no longer needed them, preventing waste.
Wang isn't __8__. Zhang Yiming from Renmin University ventured into the world of second hand trading by chance. He had a movie ticket but couldn't attend due to a schedule change, so he decided to sell it. This experience __9__ him to the joys of second hand trading, leading him to __10__ both online and offline options.
“In a seller's __11__， selling an unused item not only prevents waste but also earns some money in the __12__，” Zhang said in an interview. He believed that modern youths put more __13__ on practicality, seeking __14__ for money in their purchases.
The stories of these two young people __15__ more and more young people to join the second hand trading movement, promoting a green, eco friendly, and economical lifestyle.
(　　) 1. A. transported B. drawn C. signaled D. brought
(　　) 2. A. broke into B. stepped into C. looked over D. took over
(　　) 3. A. list B. collection C. philosophy D. basket
(　　) 4. A. complaints B. concepts C. guarantees D. concerns
(　　) 5. A. appealing B. moving C. frightening D. puzzling
(　　) 6. A. satisfying B. ignoring C. understanding D. determining
(　　) 7. A. classmates B. graduates C. composers D. natives
(　　) 8. A. alone B. anxious C. aware D. accessible
(　　) 9. A. stimulated B. described C. introduced D. recommended
(　　)10. A. export B. establish C. explore D. estimate
(　　)11. A. interest B. observation C. imagination D. view
(　　)12. A. direction B. destination C. form D. process
(　　)13. A. pressure B. emphasis C. blame D. limits
(　　)14. A. value B. deal C. advice D. help
(　　)15. A. intended B. instructed C. inspired D. invited
Ⅳ. 语法填空。[2024唐山期末]
Festivals are celebrated throughout the world. In spite of their various 1.________(origin), the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. The harvest festival is one of the most popular festivals, 2.________ takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. The harvest season in ancient Egypt, 3.________(feature) a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports, was celebrated during the springtime.
Customs are 4.________ great significance in festivals, but they can change over time. For example, lighting firecrackers 5.________(stop) in some Chinese cities during the Spring Festival, as it can increase air 6.________(pollute). Another change is that festivals are becoming more commercial, with the celebrations taken advantage of by businesses. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much 7. ________(easy) for the public to spend more on gifts.
Festivals are 8.________ important part of society. They reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions that allow us 9.________(relax), enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and 10.________ to appreciate.
一、 1—4 BCBA
1. B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.”可知，热带雨林对环境有很大的影响，因为它们可以吸收阳光中的热量并且调节气候。
2. C　代词指代题。根据第二段中“People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.”可知，人们显然需要从砍伐树木中获得资源，但是比起人们所获益的，其所遭受的损失更大。故this指代如果破坏雨林，人们失去的会比得到的多得多这件事。
3. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，如今使用的很多药物都是来自热带雨林的植物，而仅有不到1%的雨林植物被检测过它们的医学价值。由此可推知，雨林有较大的药物应用潜力。
4. A　标题归纳题。结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了热带雨林的重要作用及其对环境的重大影响。A项“热带雨林与环境”直截了当地点明了文章的说明对象，符合文章主旨，最适合做文章标题。
二、 1. 分析：本句为简单句。Without the forest cover是介词短语做状语，主体部分是主谓宾结构，warming the rest of the world是现在分词短语做结果状语。
译文：如果没有森林覆盖，这些地区将把更多的热量反射到大气中，使世界上其他地区变暖。
2. 分析：本句为并列复合句。整个句子由but连接构成并列句，前半句为主谓宾结构，其中的we gain from cutting trees是定语从句，修饰先行词the resources；后半句也是主谓宾结构，其中的than we will benefit是比较状语从句。
译文：人们显然需要我们从砍伐树木中获得的资源，但我们所遭受的痛苦将远远超过我们所获得的好处。
3. 分析：本句为主从复合句。It是形式主语，“that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests”是主语从句；整个句子是主系表结构，从句是主谓结构。
译文：很有可能，我们治愈疾病的最佳机会就在世界上日益缩小的热带雨林的某个地方。
Ⅱ. 1—5 DEGCF
1. 根据上文“Art isn't always an easy and straightforward thing … educated or wealthy people can enjoy.”和下文“Anyone can come to appreciate art with a little bit of time and effort.”可知，空处与上文为转折关系且引出下文，说明人们对艺术的看法是不正确的。故D项“然而，这与事实相去甚远”符合语境。
2. 根据上文“Artists often create works to comment on major historical events.”可知，空处承接上文，说明其作用。故E项“这可以让你了解他们独特的观点”符合语境。
3. 根据下文“Art movements grow from popularity of certain ways … have a similar style or subject matter.”可知，本段主要在说要了解艺术运动和流派。故G项“了解影响作品的艺术运动和流派”符合语境，可做本段主题句。
4. 根据上文“For example, painters in the Egyptian school of art had certain rules that they had to follow—like the size of any figure they drew was supposed to vary based on the social status of the person they were painting.”和下文“Each one symbolized a different aspect of life or death.”可知，空处承上启下，说明埃及艺术学派的画家必须遵循的一些规则。故C项“他们也不能使用超过六种色彩”符合语境。
5. 根据下文“She had limited mobility after fighting against a serious disease and suffering a bus accident in her early life. Her pain and struggle appear in several of her pieces.”可知，空处应举例说明画家遭受的苦难。故F项“例如，墨西哥画家Frida Kahlo就遭受了很多痛苦”符合语境，其中suffered a lot与下文suffering相呼应。
Ⅲ. 1—5 BBCDA　6—10 ABACC　11—15 DDBAC
1. transported运输；drawn画，吸引；signaled打手势；brought带来。根据下文“Wang Qing __2__ the shop and gently touched the dress, feeling the history and culture behind it.”可知，王青走在校园里，突然被一家二手商店里的一件旗袍吸引了目光。
2. broke into破门而入；stepped into迈入；looked over翻阅；took over接管。根据下文gently touched the dress可知，此处表示王青走进店里。
3. list列表；collection收藏；philosophy哲学，生活的信条；basket篮子。根据下文valuing cost effectiveness over __4__ about buying second hand things可知，这是王青的购物理念。
4. complaints抱怨；concepts观念；guarantees保证；concerns担心。根据上文valuing cost effectiveness以及下文“She gladly bought the second hand cheongsam dress and returned to her dormitory with joy.”可知，王青更重视成本效益，因而不担心买到二手的东西。
5. appealing有吸引力的；moving令人感动的；frightening令人害怕的；puzzling令人困惑的。根据上文“when her eyes were __1__”可知，王青经常在闲鱼等二手平台上找到吸引人的东西。
6. satisfying使满意；ignoring忽略；understanding理解；determining决定。根据上文second hand platforms以及下文her needs可知，王青经常能在二手平台上找到满足需求的东西。
7. classmates同学；graduates毕业生；composers作曲家；natives本地人。根据下文“who no longer needed them”以及常识可知，毕业生不再需要教科书了。
8. alone独自的；anxious焦虑的；aware意识到的；accessible易接近的。根据下文“Zhang Yiming from Renmin University ventured into the world of second hand trading by chance.”可知，并不只有王青这样做，还有很多人也像她一样。
9. stimulated刺激；described描写；introduced 介绍，使尝试；recommended推荐。根据下文the joys of second hand trading可知，这段经历给张一鸣带来了二手交易的乐趣，introduce sb to sth意为“使某人了解某事”。
10. export出口；establish建立；explore探索；estimate评估。根据下文both online and offline options可知，这段经历促使张一鸣探索线上和线下的选择。
11. interest兴趣；observation观察；imagination想象；view观点。根据下文selling an unused item not only prevents waste but also earns some money in the __12__可知，这是卖家的观点。
12. direction方向；destination目的地；form形式；process过程。根据上文selling an unused item not only prevents waste but also earns some money以及常识可知，卖东西是一个可以赚钱的过程。
13. pressure压力；emphasis强调；blame责备；limits限制。根据下文on practicality可知，许多年轻人购买二手商品，更看重的是实用性。
14. value价值；deal交易；advice建议；help帮助。根据下文for money in their purchases以及常识可知，物有所值才能促进购买。
15. intended打算；instructed指导；inspired激励；invited邀请。根据下文promoting a green, eco friendly, and economical lifestyle可知，这两个人的故事启发了越来越多的年轻人加入到二手交易中。
Ⅳ. 1. origins　2. which　3. featuring　4. of　5. has been stopped　6. pollution　7. easier
8. an　9. to relax　10. what
1. 考查名词复数。various修饰可数名词复数。
2. 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The harvest festival指物，在定语从句中做主语，需用关系代词which引导。
3. 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词，修饰名词The harvest season，feature和The harvest season为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。
4. 考查介词。be of great significance为固定搭配，表示“很重要”。
5. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生了影响，使用现在完成时；lighting firecrackers和stop为被动关系，需用被动语态；主语为动名词短语，助动词用has。
6. 考查名词。空处做动词increase的宾语，应用名词形式。air pollution为固定搭配，意为“空气污染”。
7. 考查形容词比较级。much修饰形容词比较级，空处需填easier做宾语补足语。
8. 考查冠词。part为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且important发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。
9. 考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。
10. 考查代词。此处为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构做宾语，appreciate后缺宾语，指物，需用疑问代词what。