(共51张PPT)
第二讲 推理判断题
——依文推理定选项
一、题型特点需了解
PART
01
第一部分
[题型分析]
推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。
[选项特征]
1．正确选项特征
(1)“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。
(2)选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、 never、 all、 absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、 usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、 might、 can、 could、 probably等。
2．干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 把作者的观点与其他人的观点混在一起
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 利用原文的内容进行设计，借题发挥，曲解原文意思；有些符合常识，但不符合文意
扩缩范围 通过改变或去掉文章中的限制性词语，改变信息的准确度，造成干扰
偷梁换柱 使用与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，在易被忽视的地方更换单词，造成句意的改变
二、方法技巧要知晓
PART
02
第二部分
题型一 隐含推断题
隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系的判断，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer (推断)、indicate (象征；暗示)、imply (暗示)、suggest (暗示)、conclude (得出结论)、assume (假定；设想)。
[典例1] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词imply和the last paragraph。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces”以及“However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.”。综合逻辑分析可推断出作者在强调纸质文本在教育中不能完全被取代。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型二 观点态度题
此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的观点、态度或看法或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立、公正；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
[典例2] (2024·全国甲卷阅读C片段)
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative.
B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Cautious.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”。根据段中杜克所说的话中的“very impressed”“staying focused and very concerned”和“the best chance”等可知，他对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型三 写作意图题
各种话题的阅读材料都有可能考查写作意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
[典例3] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码)that powers AI...
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，...
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the author's purpose in writing the text。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文最后一段：AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.。本文是一篇说明文，结合首段和尾段可知，文章主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的一本关于人工智能的书。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型四 文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题
文章出处题、文章类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类型。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。
[典例4] (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C片段)
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
28．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book.
B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum.
D．A review of modern paintings.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where和taken from。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第一句：“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句。根据以上信息可推知，文章介绍了一本书，最有可能出自一本书的序言。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
课堂新体验
PART
03
第三部分
A
(2024·济宁一模)Bard，Kinetic (Coffee House Press，2023) by Anne Waldman, one of the most important living American poets, is a new collection of autobiographical (自传体的) pieces, including published and unpublished essays, correspondence, interviews, and poems from the last 20 years.
体裁 主题语境 难度
说明文 坚持目标不放弃 ★★★☆☆
Though the origin of the texts and poems is relatively recent, Bard, Kinetic tracks Waldman's life from her childhood in Greenwich Village to the present.Rather than a memoir (回忆录), this energetic collection integrates her stories into contexts—literary, political, spiritual, familial.
In Sketch, the first and longest piece in the book，Waldman describes what guided her to poetry from an early age—Her intellectual and artistic parents encouraged her “to read widely, to write, think, talk about it, be curious and critical.” Reading Sketch for its wonderful autobiographical details and the successful moments that run through Waldman's life is a pleasure. In Interview with Poetas，Madrid 2018, another piece from the book's second section, she wrote，“We need cultural and humanitarian revolution.We need poetry to remind us of the magic we have had that needs attendance and recharge.”Her voice and vision have a collective width.
Waldman insists on combining art with nearly every aspect of her life. Bard, Kinetic, at all points, a high-energy construct, and at all points, an energy-discharge, puts readers on the path to recognizing poetry as a mental aid, as an action that reaches across geography, species, and time.As she wrote in the book's preface, she commands herself to “keep pushing for knowledge, study with a deeper investigation and a deeper action.The action, totally necessary”. These are high aims that Waldman has insisted on, tirelessly, her entire life.Waldman shines.Her heart could be our heart.
This new book is best read as a companion of Vow to Poetry (2001)，Waldman's previous collection of interviews and autobiographical essays, which will help readers appreciate this book better.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇关于书籍Bard，Kinetic的书评。
1．What do we know about Bard, Kinetic by Waldman
A．It is a memoir.
B．It documents her life and work.
C．It is her first collection of poems.
D．It is to be issued by Coffee House Press.
√
B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Bard，Kinetic记录了作者的工作情况；根据第二段第一句可知，Bard，Kinetic记录了沃尔德曼从格林尼治村的童年到现在的生活。即Bard，Kinetic记录了作者的生活和工作情况。
2．What's the purpose of paragraph 3
A．To add relevant background information.
B．To help readers gain partial insight into the book.
C．To persuade readers to conduct selective reading.
D．To introduce Waldman's writing styles.
B 写作意图题。根据第三段内容可知，本段对书籍中的部分情节进行了描述，因而其目的是帮助读者了解这本书的部分内容。
√
3．What is implied in the underlined sentence “Her heart could be our heart.” in paragraph 4
A．We should stick to our goals.
B．We should learn poems by heart.
C．We should seek fame and wealth.
D．We should enjoy life to our hearts' content.
A 句意猜测题。根据第四段中的“As she wrote...‘keep pushing...totally necessary’. These are high aims...shines.”可知，沃尔德曼一生孜孜不倦地坚持着自己的崇高目标。由此可推知，画线句指作为读者，应该学习她对目标执着追求的这种精神。
√
4．What's the passage
A．A diary entry. B．A news report.
C．A book review. D．An autobiography.
C 文章类型题。通读全文可知，本文是关于书籍Bard，Kinetic的书评。
√
B
(2024·湛江一模)By the time I took Kicker home, I
was living in a van (旅居房车), so he was thrown into
van life from day one.At this point, I knew how to make
him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been...
体裁 主题语境 难度
记叙文 作者和小狗的经历 ★★★☆☆
Right out of the gate，I took him to ski touring, which is a lot like cross-country skiing but in wilder terrain. At first, Kicker would just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again.
We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snow kiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard.One time he vomited (呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed.Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent.
I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There's something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. Together we kayaked, snowmobiled, and even ended up exploring deep blue ice caves in Worthington Glacier. Kicker learned to come snowboarding with me in the mountains of Alaska.He would hike part of the way, and I would carry him the rest. I would always let him run next to me as I boarded, but I usually ended up putting him on my shoulders for the rest of the ride down—he had grown far too big to fit in my jacket.
Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it's about the time spent together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者和小狗基克一起到野外露营、滑雪等的经历，在这些历险过程中，小狗逐渐长大，学会了很多技能，作者和小狗之间的关系也变得更加亲密的故事。
5．What was Kicker like when he was first taken home by the author
A．Sick and pitiful. B．Small and weak.
C．Happy and active. D．Outgoing and adventurous.
B 隐含推断题。根据第二段中的“At first, Kicker would just stay nestled in my jacket...carried him again.”可知，起初，基克只是依偎在“我”的夹克里。由此可推知，刚开始的时候，小狗又小又弱。
√
6．Why was the incident of Kicker's vomiting mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To illustrate how hard life is in a van.
B．To indicate that raising Kicker was not all roses.
C．To show the importance of taking good care of a pet.
D．To warn us of the trouble a pet can bring to us on a trip.
B 写作意图题。第三段讲述了作者带着基克一起历险，相处融洽，基克吐在垫子上这件事只是一个小插曲，说明作者养狗的过程也不是十分轻松愉快。
√
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．What tricks Kicker learned in Alaska.
B．What great experiences the author had.
C．How the author realized his childhood dream.
D．How much the author enjoyed Kicker's company.
D 段落大意题。根据第四段内容，尤其是第一句可知，本段讲述作者和小狗一起经历的乐趣，作者非常享受基克的陪伴。
√
8．What is special about the author's relationship with Kicker
A．They bond through shared adventures.
B．They help each other to become stronger.
C．They bond through giving each other rewards.
D．They depend on each other in life's hardest times.
A 隐含推断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作者带着基克一起在户外的各种经历，基克逐渐长大，学会了多种技能，作者和基克之间的关系变得愈加亲密，共同的冒险使一人一狗联系在了一起的故事。
√(共47张PPT)
第三讲 主旨大意题
——辨主干细加工
一、题型特点需了解
PART
01
第一部分
[题型分析]
主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。常见的设问方式有：
1．The best title of the passage is_____________．
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text
3．The passage is mainly about _____________．
4．What is the passage mainly about
5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph
6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
[选项特征]
1．正确选项特征
涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性词语，一般不出现细节信息
精确性强 所使用的概括性语言不会改变意思表达的程度及色彩。不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词
范围恰当 范围既不太大，也不太小
2.干扰选项特征
以偏概全 概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容、某些局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面
断章取义 以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节替代全文的主要观点
移花接木 命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上
主题扩大 归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容
似是而非 题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系
二、方法技巧要知晓
PART
02
第二部分
题型一 标题归纳题
该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。
[典例1] (2024·全国甲卷阅读B)
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
27．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C．Have Fun with Your Cat
D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词a suitable title for the text。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段的主题句“But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.”，可知该段介绍了猫的惊人的发声技能；定位到原文第二段的主题句“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive.”，可知该段介绍了猫的嗅觉敏锐，能够区分不同的环境；定位到原文第三段的主题句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.”，可知该段介绍了猫的令人印象深刻的取物习惯。采用主题句法，这些都属于对猫的行为的介绍。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型二 文章大意题
文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
[典例2] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths.
B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence.
D．BMF's technical standards.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the text mainly talk about。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第三句、第二段第一、二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可知，借助段落主题句归纳，文章从各个方面凸显了巴比伦微农场公司的优势，如缩短食物运输距离、节约用水、无农药使用、减少碳排放等。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型三 段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
[典例3] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B片段)
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
26．What does this paragraph mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词this paragraph mainly talk about。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文可知，本段没有主题句，本段主要介绍了两个动物经过法伯的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了法伯的整体医学疗法所取得的效果。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
课堂新体验
PART
03
第三部分
A
(2024·广东六校9月联考)What do you want from life Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.
体裁 主题语境 难度
议论文 追求幸福 ★★★★☆
Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but how to get it.
But maximizing pleasure isn't the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.
There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our unique human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.
But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage (人质) to fortune. Events beyond any individual's control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it's a practice which we hone (磨炼), imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.
Recognising this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory (虚幻的) hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them.
【语篇解读】 文章对追求幸福进行了阐述，最终得出的结论是：人们对幸福的追求并不是完美的。
1．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”？
A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3.
C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5.
A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression.”可知，在第二段可以找到过于关注“幸福”的负面影响。
√
2．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive？
A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories.
C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness...”可知，作者通过举例来证明痛苦是活着不可避免的情绪状态。
√
3．What is Aristotle's view on happiness
A．Happiness is a stable emotional state.
B．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.
C．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.
D．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.
B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Happiness requires others...we cultivate with other people.”可知，在亚里士多德看来，幸福并不是个体的情感状态，因此我们需要与他人培养良好的关系。
√
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.
B．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.
C．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.
D．Depression and happiness are equally important.
C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章指出现如今人们过分追求幸福而产生负面影响，过分追求幸福、将幸福最大化并不会带来真正的快乐。因此，人们对幸福的追求并不是完美的。
√
B
(2024·青岛二模)The students stand on a pier (码头)
over the Harlem River in New York City.They stare down
into the brown water.Their teacher, Mr.Rodman, pulls a
long rope out of the river.Fastened to the end of the rope is a metal cage and inside are oysters (牡蛎).
体裁 主题语境 难度
说明文 牡蛎回归大自然 ★★★★☆
Taking turns, the students measure all the oysters, and then compare notes.The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age! They also measure the level of oxygen.As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer and hold more oxygen.Also, other animals should move in.
Oysters are soft-bodied animals, and share the underwater community with plants, fish, and other life.They are food for crabs and other animals.As new oysters grow, they attach their shells to older ones, forming big reefs with many small spaces where other animals live.Oysters eat algae (藻类).If algae grow too fast, they can decrease oxygen from the water—and even fish need oxygen to breathe!
But what happened to the oysters 100 years ago in New York Harbor Before then, lots of oysters lived in these waters.They were shipped to restaurants around the world.By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. Pollution was pouring into the waters. The harbor became seriously polluted.Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce poisonous waste.Some fish started to swim through again.But oysters were still missing—until recently.
The Billion Oyster Project began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor.The project has recruited (招募) more than 6，500 students at more than 100 middle schools and high schools to help grow, distribute, and study the oysters.
Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage.Mr.Rodman lowers the cage into the river.In a few months, they will check the cage again.When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to join a healthy reef in the middle of the harbor.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了牡蛎在水中起到的作用以及牡蛎在纽约港消失的原因，现在人们正在努力让这些大自然的助手回归。
5．Why do students come to the pier over the Harlem River
A．To do research.
B．To go fishing.
C．To buy oysters.
D．To clean up the river.
A 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，学生们在码头测量牡蛎尺寸，水中氧气含量，由此可知学生们在进行研究。
√
6．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．What oysters are like.
B．How oysters get fed.
C．Why algae grow fast.
D．What role oysters play.
D 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Oysters eat algae. If algae grow too fast, they can decrease oxygen from the water—and even fish need oxygen to breathe！”可知，本段主要介绍了牡蛎在水中所起到的作用。
√
7．What can we learn about oysters in New York Harbor
A．People's love of eating oysters boosted their numbers.
B．More oysters than before lived in waters in the 1900s.
C．Polluted water was partly to blame for the missing of oysters.
D．New laws in the 1970s were crucial to oysters' recovery.
C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，受到污染的影响，牡蛎在纽约港仍不见踪影。
√
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Oysters Raised in New York Harbor
B．The Harlem River Polluted Heavily
C．Nature's Helpful Crew Brought Back
D．Teacher Devoted to Wildlife Protection
C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了牡蛎在水中的作用及其回归，因此C项最适合作文章标题。
√(共45张PPT)
第四讲 词句猜测题
——上下语境觅答案
一、题型特点需了解
PART
01
第一部分
[题型分析]
词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的常考题型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语或句子进行设问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或句子结构等，考生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型主要考查单词或短语词义、句意理解和代词指代。
[选项特征]
1．正确选项特征
(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系；
(2)上下文逻辑通顺；
(3)与原句意思最接近；
(4)代入原文，最为得体。
2．干扰选项特征
(1)与所考词汇形似；
(2)如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项；
(3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
二、方法技巧要知晓
PART
02
第二部分
题型一 词句猜测题
在文章中，任何一个单词、短语或句子都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和文章其他内容有着紧密的联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词、短语或句子的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下， 然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先进行具体的阐述，然后再归纳、总结。如果学生能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体的说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词或句的线索。锁定语句前后寻找，充分利用上下文语境是解题关键。
[典例1] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in this paragraph probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the phrase “In the wrong hands”和in this paragraph。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第一句中的but及其后部分可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。利用逻辑关系猜测词义，画线短语指的应该是如果换一个学术能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
1．“语法关系”猜词义
[典例2] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.
C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词underlined word “declutter”和paragraph 3。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第三段中的“Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知，画线词的下一句就是对the digital declutter的解释，根据下文中的step away from可知，画线词意为“清除、清理”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
2．“逻辑关系”猜词义
[典例3] “This is one of the most creative and valuable technologies that I've seen as a farmer，” said James Johnson of Carzalia Farm in a statement, who has used Carbon Robotics' technology on his farm. “I expect the robots to go mainstream because of how effectively they address some of farming's most critical issues, including the overuse of chemicals, process efficiency, and labor. The sky is the limit.” It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at “hundreds of thousands of dollars”．
The de-weeding method of the robot is Certified Organic and in line with regenerative farming practices. Cost-effective weed control is the biggest barrier to entry with organic farming, and agriculturalists looking to make the switch finally have an alternative to help them get their vegetables out to people.
33．What does the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.” mean in paragraph 4
A．The robots won't spread widely.
B．The invention is very promising.
C．The weeder addresses limited issues.
D．The technology needs further improvement.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，寻找关键词the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.”和paragraph 4。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第四段中的“It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at ‘hundreds of thousands of dollars’．”可知，该除草机非常实用，2021款除草机已经卖完，该句是对画线句的进一步解释说明，由此可知，画线句应意为“这项发明很有前景”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
3．“语境吻合”猜句意
题型二 代词指代题
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。
[典例4] (2024·浙江卷1月阅读B片段)
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”．
24．What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to
A．The play.
B．The shared house.
C．The sofa.
D．The telephone box.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the word “it”和underlined in the first paragraph。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
课堂新体验
PART
03
第三部分
A
(2024·梅州二模)A second-grade education has not stopped garbage collector Jose Gutierrez. He is bringing the gift of reading to thousands of Colombian children.
体裁 主题语境 难度
记叙文 拾荒老人收集书籍 ★★★☆☆
Gutierrez started saving books from the trash 27 years ago. He was driving a garbage truck at night through the country's richer neighborhoods. The books that were thrown away slowly piled up. Now the ground floor of his small house is a community library. It is stacked (堆放) from floor to ceiling. They range from chemistry textbooks to children's classics.
Books are luxuries for boys and girls in low-income neighborhoods. New reading material at bookstores is too expensive. There are 19 public libraries in Bogota, a city of 8.5 million people. But the libraries tend to be located far away from poorer areas.“They should be in all neighborhoods and on each corner of every neighborhood，”the 60-year-old says.“Books can save us. That is what Colombia needs.”
Gutierrez has a love of reading, which comes from his mother. She always read to him even though she was too poor to keep him in school. Gutierrez is a keen reader of works by authors such as Leo Tolstoy and Victor Hugo. His favorite books include One Hundred Years of Solitude and The General in His Labyrinth by Colombia's Nobel Prize-winning novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The first book Gutierrez found was a copy of the classic novel Anna Karenina. The Tolstoy book was later joined by The Little Prince, Sophie's World, The Iliad and a number of novels. Today, he has collected around 25，000 books.
Now, Gutierrez still looks through the rubbish for additions to his library, named “The Strength of Words”. His fame as Colombia's “Lord of the Books” has helped a lot. It has brought him thousands of donated books. He has sent many to other libraries around the country. Moreover, Gutierrez has traveled to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience of starting a library with the books that are thrown away.
Gutierrez says he doesn't reject technology that allows books to be read digitally. But he prefers to read the printed words on paper.“There is nothing more beautiful than having a book in your pocket, in your bag or inside your car.”
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了60岁的拾荒者约瑟·古铁雷斯二十多年来，一直将垃圾中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚的孩子们的故事。
1．How old was Gutierrez when he started saving books from the trash
A．In his twenties. B．In his thirties.
C．In his forties. D．In his fifties.
B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Gutierrez started saving books from the trash 27 years ago.”和第三段中的“the 60-year-old says”可知，古铁雷斯三十几岁时开始从垃圾桶里捡书。
√
2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Luxury books. B．Garbage trucks.
C．Public libraries. D．Poor areas.
C 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的前两句可知，画线词They指代上文的public libraries。
√
3．What did the book Anna Karenina mean to Gutierrez
A．The beginning of his charity project.
B．A window to the world.
C．One of his greatest achievements in life.
D．Some comfort in difficult times.
A 推理判断题。根据第四段后三句可知，《安娜·卡列尼娜》是古铁雷斯收集的第一本书，之后他又收集了大约25 000 本书。由此可推知，这本书对古铁雷斯来说意味着他慈善事业的开始。
√
4．Which of the following sayings does Gutierrez's story lead us to believe
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．A good book can shine a light upon the soul.
C．One man's trash is another man's treasure.
D．The palest ink is better than the best memory.
C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了60岁的拾荒者约瑟·古铁雷斯二十多年来，一直将垃圾桶中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚低收入家庭的孩子们的故事，由此可推知，古铁雷斯的故事让我们相信“一个人的垃圾可能是另一个人的财富”。
√
B
(2024·合肥二模)Researchers set up an experiment in which 5-year-olds were tested with their fellows under different circumstances of transparency (透明) and different audiences. They set up a sticker machine that in some settings was transparent, and other settings in which only the giver of stickers knew how many stickers he could give.
体裁 主题语境 难度
说明文 激发孩子的慷慨 ★★★★☆
They had children give out stickers in both settings. The results were striking: Children were consistently generous only when the receiver and audience of the stickers were fully aware of the donation options. Children were notably ungenerous when the receiver of stickers couldn't see the options.
The researchers said, “Children only showed consistently pro-social behavior in our study in the condition when they could see the receiver and their allocations (分配物) were fully visible; in all other conditions, children were statistically ungenerous, giving the receiver the smaller amount of stickers.”
They made the conclusions that at a very early age, children are learning how to position themselves socially. Well before they apprehend the sociology of their networks and what social reputation really means, they think strategically about giving as a function of how they can gain a reputation with a peer as a generous citizen or pro-social agent when the receiver observes them.
Children change their behavior in response to having an audience. Help children give to others in full view, delivering meals to families, and in private, dropping off treats or surprises for those who need support without signing their names. Also, children should be reminded that thank-you notes are lovely but unnecessary to receive. When we give gifts or lend help to others, try to help children remember why they should provide something for another. It really doesn't have to be recognized. When a thank-you card doesn't come, it doesn't make a gift any less valuable or meaningful for those who were lucky enough to receive.
【语篇解读】 研究表明，当别人意识到孩子的捐赠行为时，孩子会更慷慨。文章介绍了这一研究结果并就如何从小培养慷慨提出了建议。
5．What did the researchers discover
A．The givers' behavior greatly inspired the receivers to help in return.
B．The children gave out an equal number of stickers in both settings.
C．The presence of an audience affected children's decisions to give.
D．Donating helped children to become more generous in the future.
C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Children were consistently generous...when the receiver of stickers couldn't see the options.”可知，研究人员发现观众的存在影响了孩子们所做的决定。
√
6．Which is pro-social behavior according to the researchers
A．Observing the givers.
B．Donating more stickers.
C．Gaining a reputation.
D．Receiving more allocations.
B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Children only showed consistently pro-social behavior...were fully visible”可知，研究人员认为捐赠更多贴纸是亲社会行为。
√
7．What does the underlined word “apprehend” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Share. B．Predict.
C．Confirm. D．Understand.
D 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“They made the conclusions that...position themselves socially.”及画线词后的“the sociology of their networks and what social reputation really means”可知，孩子们早在他们理解网络的社会学以及社会声誉的真正含义之前就在学习如何在社会上定位自己。apprehend意为“理解”。
√
8．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To suggest recognizing others' kindness.
B．To acknowledge the giver's contribution.
C．To confirm the benefits of being grateful.
D．To advise inspiring generosity in children.
D 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段就从小培养孩子的慷慨提出建议。
√(共43张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
[研高考·辨考向]
年份 卷名 体裁 题目类型 细节 理解题 推断 判断题 主旨 大意题 词句
猜测题
2024 新高考全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；记叙文；议论文；说明文 9 4 1 1
新高考全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文；说明文；书评 7 6 1 1
年份 卷名 体裁 题目类型 细节 理解题 推断 判断题 主旨 大意题 词句
猜测题
2023 新高考全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；记叙文；说明文；议论文 6 7 1 1
新高考全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文 8 5 1 1
年份 卷名 体裁 题目类型 细节 理解题 推断 判断题 主旨 大意题 词句
猜测题
2022 新高考全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；议论文；新闻报道；说明文 6 7 1 1
新高考全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文 8 4 1 2
[抓规律·找依据]
第一讲 细节理解题
——定位信息找答案
一、题型特点需了解
PART
01
第一部分
[题型分析]
细节理解题考查理解具体信息，在阅读总题量中占比较大，是最重要的得分点。细节理解题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查，也可能是将文章中的几个细节放在一起要求学生判断是非或对几个细节进行排序等。主要考查直接细节题、间接细节题、数字计算题等。考查方式灵活，常见的设问形式有：
1．特殊疑问句形式，常以when、where、what、which、who、how等疑问词开头引出问题；
2．填空题形式，通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节；
3．数字询问，就文中的数字进行提问。
[选项特征]
1．正确选项特征
同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达
信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项
2.干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有出入
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或者完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
二、方法技巧要知晓
PART
02
第二部分
题型一 直接细节题
直接细节题主要针对文中涉及的某个具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因、结果等提问。
[典例1] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A片段)
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
22．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A．5. B．10.
C．15. D．18.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the lower age limit。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”，可知加入生物栖息地修复工作队的最低年龄是10岁。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型二 间接细节题
间接细节题是直接信息的转述、原文信息的间接表达、直接信息背后隐含内容的表达。
[典例2] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A片段)
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
23．What are the volunteers expected to do
A．Bring their own tools.
B．Work even in bad weather.
C．Wear a team uniform.
D．Do at least three projects.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词are the volunteers expected to do。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”通过语义转换可知，志愿者甚至会在恶劣天气下工作。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型三 数字计算题
此类试题要求考生对具体细节信息，尤其是对相关的时间、数量等数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查考生对具体细节信息的处理能力，因此考生在解题时必须找出计算背后所隐含的信息。
[典例3] (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A片段)
Prices
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days。
第二步：根据关键词定位到原文定价表第二列最后两行，由表格可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，每加一天需要8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
课堂新体验
PART
03
第三部分
A
(2024·泰安二模)
Shrek's Adventure!
Shrek's Adventure! is a one-of-a-kind indoor
“walk-and-ride” tourist attraction in London inspired
by the hit Dream Works films Shrek, Shrek 2, and Shrek
the Third. It allows children to come face to face with Shrek, Fiona, Donkey, and many others.
体裁 主题语境 难度
应用文 室内旅游景点 ★★☆☆☆
Shrek's Adventure! has ten funny shows featuring classic sets, like Shrek's swamp (沼泽地), from many Shrek films, a breathtaking 4D ride with special effects, and most importantly, a tour where kids can help break the code and save Shrek so he gets back to his beloved swamp safely.
Activities
·Going aboard the magical 4D Dream Works Tours bus (with Donkey acting as the tour guide).
·Learning how to be a Viking of Berk.
·Cooking up a magic spell at the Muffin Man's house.
Basic Rules
·All children under the age of 15 must be accompanied by an adult at all times.
·All bags and coats must be brought with you during the tour.
·All visitors must arrive within the time on your booking confirmation and you must bring a printed version of the booking with you during your visit.If you do not arrive within your reserved arrival time, you may have to wait until the next available show time.
Ticket Costs
·￡27 (at the door) or ￡18.90 (online) for people aged 16 and over.
·￡21.85 (at the door) or ￡15.30 (online) for children aged 3 to 15.
·Children under the age of three can get in for free.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了伦敦独一无二的室内旅游景点——史瑞克冒险乐园。
1．What can children do in Shrek's Adventure！？
A．Learn to cook a meal.
B．Watch the Dream Works film Shrek.
C．Help Shrek return to his swamp.
D．Act as the guide on the tour bus.
C 直接细节题。根据第二段中的“and most importantly, a tour where kids can help...Shrek so he gets back to his beloved swamp safely”可知，在史瑞克冒险乐园，孩子们可以帮助史瑞克安全回到他心爱的沼泽。
√
2．What will you do if you miss the reserved show time
A．Enjoy the next available show.
B．Show the printed tickets.
C．Book another show online.
D．Get in immediately.
A 直接细节题。根据Basic Rules部分中的“If you do not arrive...wait until the next available show time.”可知，如果错过了预定时间，可以欣赏下一场可以观看的演出。
√
3．How much will a couple and their 6-year-old son pay if they book online
A．￡37.80. B．￡53.10.
C．￡34.20. D．￡75.85.
B 数字计算题。根据Ticket Costs部分中的“￡27 (at the door) or ￡18.90 (online) for people aged 16 and over.”及“￡21.85 (at the door) or ￡15.30 (online) for children aged 3 to 15.”可知，在网上购买一对夫妇和一个六岁的男孩的票应该付18.9×2＋15.3＝53.10英镑。
√
B
(2024·潮州二模)When I was about six years old, my mother
came home one day and found that I had collected half a dozen
babies of the neighbourhood—all of them too young to walk—
and had them sitting before me on the floor while I was teaching
them to wave their arms. When she asked the explanation of this,
体裁 主题语境 难度
夹叙夹议文 培养孩子的天赋 ★★★☆☆
I informed her that it was my school of dance. She was amused, and placing herself at the piano. She began to play for me. This school continued and became very popular.Later on, little girls of the neighbourhood came and their parents paid me a small sum to teach them. This was the beginning of what afterwards proved a very profitable occupation.
My mother took me to a famous ballet teacher, but his lessons did not please me.When the teacher told me to stand on my toes (脚趾) I asked him why, and when he replied “Because it is beautiful.”I said that it was ugly and against nature and after the third lesson I left his class, never to return. This stiff (僵硬的) and commonplace gymnastics which he called dancing only disturbed my dream. I dreamed of a different dance. I did not know just what it would be, but I was feeling out towards an invisible world into which I guessed I might enter if I found the key.
My art was already in me when I was a little girl, and it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not prevented. I believe that whatever the child is going to do in life should be begun when it is very young.I wonder how many parents realize that by the so-called education they are giving their children, they are only driving them into the commonplace, and taking away from them any chance of doing anything beautiful or original.
【语篇解读】 本文通过作者小时候学习舞蹈的经历，以及妈妈对她的支持和理解，告诉父母们应该发现并培养孩子的天赋，而不是用所谓的教育把孩子推向平凡。
4．What was the writer doing when her mother came home one day
A．Teaching some babies to dance.
B．Directing some babies to walk.
C．Getting some babies together.
D．Making some babies sit still.
A 直接细节题。根据第一段中的“my mother came home...I informed her that it was my school of dance”可知，妈妈回家时作者正在教一些小孩跳舞。
√
5．How did the writer find the ballet
A．Old and unpopular.
B．Ugly and unnatural.
C．Graceful and original.
D．Dreamlike and gymnastic.
B 直接细节题。根据第二段中的“I said that it was ugly and against nature”可知，作者认为芭蕾舞很丑且违背自然。
√
6．What did the writer owe her success in art to
A．The ballet classes she had attended.
B．Her inborn talent and great efforts.
C．The lucky chance her parents gave her.
D．Her mother's support and understanding.
D 间接细节题。根据最后一段中的“it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not prevented”可知，作者把自己在艺术方面的成功归功于妈妈的支持和理解。
√
7．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Children should be encouraged to be educated as early as possible.
B．Children should be driven to develop their interest in art at an early age.
C．Parents should discover and develop their young children's natural gift.
D．Parents should instruct their children to decide on a promising occupation.
√
C 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段最后两句可知，文章通过作者小时候学习舞蹈的经历，以及妈妈对她的支持和理解，告诉父母们应该发现并培养孩子的天赋，而不是用所谓的教育把孩子推向平凡。
